CN112461692A - Impulse polarization voltage experiment device and method for conductor and insulator materials - Google Patents
Impulse polarization voltage experiment device and method for conductor and insulator materials Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/30—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight
- G01N3/313—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight generated by explosives
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/06—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P3/00—Measuring linear or angular speed; Measuring differences of linear or angular speeds
- G01P3/64—Devices characterised by the determination of the time taken to traverse a fixed distance
- G01P3/68—Devices characterised by the determination of the time taken to traverse a fixed distance using optical means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
- G01P3/685—Devices characterised by the determination of the time taken to traverse a fixed distance using optical means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light for projectile velocity measurements
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
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- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
- G01N2203/001—Impulsive
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/0617—Electrical or magnetic indicating, recording or sensing means
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Abstract
The invention discloses an impulse polarization voltage experiment device and method for conductor and insulator materials, and relates to the technical field of impulse polarization voltage experiments of materials. The method comprises the steps of carrying out insulation treatment on the outer surface of a piece to be tested; after adjusting each experimental device, enabling the projectile to obtain kinetic energy and then sequentially pass through a speed measuring system and a voltage measuring system, and recording the data of the impact polarization voltage of the test piece; and simultaneously acquiring the state of the test piece and the time-course curve of the impact polarization voltage of the test piece. The invention adopts a combined system to insulate the outer surface of a to-be-tested piece, the test piece is isolated from the environmental gas to avoid charge leakage, and simultaneously, the influence of the high-speed movement excitation magnetic field of the projectile body on the impact voltage measurement result is avoided, so that the test result is prevented from being influenced by the air and the impact polarization charge of the liner plate on the bracket, and the accuracy of the test result is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of impulse polarization voltage experiments, in particular to an impulse polarization voltage experiment device and method for conductor and insulator materials.
Background
The inside of an ideal insulating medium has no free charges, and the inside of an actual dielectric always has a small amount of free charges. Typically, the dielectric does not exhibit electrical properties macroscopically. Under external excitation, local movement of bound charges can cause macroscopic electrical properties, where the charges appear non-uniformly on the surface and inside of the medium, and thus cause polarization. Polarization mechanisms of conductor and insulator materials under impact load are extremely complex, are related to stress wave propagation and microscopic polarization mechanisms of media, and charge transfer mechanisms in target plate materials in impact restrict potential engineering applications. Therefore, there is a need to improve the existing one-dimensional loading experimental device, and develop a measuring scheme for the impact polarization characteristics of the material with simple loading mode and accurate measurement of the force-electric response. The impact polarization characteristic of the conductor/insulator material is tested by the first-level light gas gun, so that the method has wide application prospect in the field of electronics.
At present, the impact polarization characteristics of materials are widely researched at home and abroad, wherein a one-dimensional loading experiment is a main experiment means for researching the impact polarization characteristics of the materials, and the one-dimensional loading experiment can realize micron-level particle flow loading. By adjusting the inclination angle of the impact plate and the distance between the plate and the punch in the one-dimensional loading experiment, the current measurement of the impact plate with different angles under the impact of particle flows with different speeds can be realized; through adding temperature, humidity, pressure regulation and control device in one-dimensional loading experiment, and then change experimental environment, still can realize the measurement of material polarization current under different temperature, humidity and pressure conditions. In addition, a double-particle direct collision experiment in different gas environments can be developed by using a closed container containing quantitative gas.
The existing one-dimensional loading experiment has the problems of complex loading mode, inaccurate mechanical property, incapability of simultaneously outputting force-electricity responses, complex experiment steps and the like, and the influence of factors such as air environment polarization, metal lining plate polarization and the like is not considered in the aspect of representing the impact polarization property of a conductor/insulator material.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the above problems or at least partially solve the above problems, embodiments of the present invention provide an apparatus and a method for an impulse polarization voltage experiment of a conductor and an insulator material, so as to solve the problems that a stress wave loading manner is complex, an operation is cumbersome, a stress-strain measurement accuracy is insufficient, and a mechanical-electrical response cannot be output simultaneously in an existing one-dimensional loading system.
The embodiment of the invention is realized by the following steps:
in one aspect, the present application provides an experimental apparatus for impulse polarization voltage of conductor and insulator materials, comprising: the device comprises a first-stage light gas gun loading system, a speed measuring system and a voltage measuring system, wherein high-pressure gas is filled into a first-stage gas chamber, the high-pressure gas in the gas chamber is controlled to be instantly released through an electromagnetic valve, so that a projectile obtains kinetic energy, the speed measuring system adopts laser to measure the projectile speed, and the voltage measuring system is used for carrying out insulation treatment on the outer side of a test piece and measuring the mechanical property and polarization of materials.
The first-level light gas gun loading system can be used for launching the projectiles with different shapes and diameters, and has the characteristics of simple launching process, wide applicability, high repeatability and the like. The speed measuring system adopts a laser speed measuring method to measure the bullet speed, and the method can accurately measure the initial speed of the bullets with different materials and shapes and the state of the test piece after the bullets hit the test piece at the initial speed. After the voltage measurement system carries out insulation treatment on the test piece, the test piece is isolated from the environmental gas to avoid charge leakage, and meanwhile, the influence of the high-speed movement excitation magnetic field of the projectile body on the test piece impact voltage measurement result is avoided.
The device adopts a combined system, has simple structure and convenient assembly, can simultaneously carry out dynamic loading and electrical testing, can simultaneously measure the mechanical property and polarization of the material, and improves the research efficiency compared with an experimental system for separately measuring the mechanical property or the polarization property of the material.
In some embodiments of the invention, the primary light gas gun loading system comprises: the shot blasting device comprises an air chamber, a launching tube communicated with the air chamber and used for launching shots, an electromagnetic valve used for controlling air flow and a precision pressure gauge for detecting pressure in the air chamber.
In some embodiments of the invention, the gas introduced into the primary gas chamber comprises nitrogen or helium.
In some embodiments of the invention, the bore of the launch tube is 15.3mm
In some embodiments of the present invention, the speed measuring system includes a first laser and a first photodetector which are arranged oppositely, a second laser and a second photodetector which are arranged oppositely, and a detonation velocity meter connected with the first photodetector and the second photodetector; the laser emitted by the first laser is received by the first photoelectric detector, so that a front-end optical path is formed between the first laser and the first photoelectric detector, and the laser emitted by the second laser is received by the second photoelectric detector, so that a rear-end optical path is formed between the second laser and the second photoelectric detector.
In some embodiments of the invention, the voltage measurement system comprises a charge transfer test system, an insulation system, and a support for holding a test piece; the insulation system comprises a first insulation layer and a second insulation layer which are arranged on the front surface and the back surface of the test piece; the charge transfer test system comprises a trigger arranged right in front of the test piece, an oscilloscope connected with the trigger, a first electrode and a second electrode, wherein the first electrode and the second electrode are respectively arranged on the front side and the back side of the test piece, and the first electrode and the second electrode are connected with the oscilloscope through coaxial cables.
In some embodiments of the invention, the charge transfer testing system is mounted within a target capsule.
In another aspect, the present application provides a method for testing impulse polarization voltage of a conductor or insulator material, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: s1: performing insulation treatment on the outer surface of the piece to be tested; s2: after adjusting each experimental device, enabling the projectile to obtain kinetic energy and then sequentially pass through a speed measuring system and a voltage measuring system, and recording the data of the impact polarization voltage of the test piece; s3: and simultaneously acquiring the state of the test piece after the test piece is impacted when the impact velocity of the projectile is V, and the time-course curve of the impact polarization voltage of the test piece.
The outer surface of the piece to be tested is subjected to insulation treatment, the test piece is isolated from the ambient gas, charge leakage is avoided, and meanwhile, the influence of the high-speed movement excitation magnetic field of the projectile body on the test piece impact voltage measurement result is avoided, so that the test result is prevented from being influenced by air and liner plate impact polarization charges, and the accuracy of the test result is improved.
In some embodiments of the invention, step S1 includes: s1-1: wiping the surface of a test piece with alcohol, drying, arranging a first electrode and a second electrode at the middle points of the outer edges of the two ends of the test piece, respectively connecting the core and the skin of a coaxial cable with the first electrode and the second electrode, and connecting the core and the skin of the coaxial cable into the same channel of an oscilloscope to acquire an impact polarization voltage signal; s1-2: wiping the front and back surfaces of the test piece with alcohol to remove surface impurities, and coating a first insulating layer and a second insulating layer on the front and back sides of the test piece for insulation; s1-3: the test piece is placed in a self-designed support and fixed in a target cabin, and the position of the support is adjusted to enable the center of the test piece to be coaxial with the launching tube, so that the central position of the test piece can be accurately impacted by the projectile.
In some embodiments of the invention step S2 includes S2-1: before the experiment, the inner wall of the launching tube is wiped by alcohol, the launching tube is naturally dried, and the target cabin is cleaned of impurities by a dust collector; s2-2: arranging a laser speed measuring device, matching a first photoelectric detector with a first laser and facing to an emission tube, matching a second photoelectric detector with a second laser and respectively placing the first photoelectric detector and the first laser behind, wherein the first photoelectric detector and the second photoelectric detector are positioned on one side of the axis of the emission tube, and the first laser and the second laser are positioned on the other side of the axis of the emission tube; connecting the output ends of the first photoelectric detector and the second photoelectric detector into a detonation velocity instrument, connecting the detonation velocity instrument into an oscilloscope, and testing the effectiveness of the second photoelectric detector and the first photoelectric detector, and the effectiveness of the first laser and the second laser and the detonation velocity instrument; s2-3: arranging a trigger, placing the trigger in front of the test piece, coinciding with the axis of the transmitting tube, connecting an oscilloscope and testing the effectiveness of the trigger; s2-4: installing the projectile into a launch tube; s2-5: filling gas into the gas chamber, observing the gas pressure through a precision pressure gauge, starting the electromagnetic valve after the gas pressure reaches a preset value, enabling the projectile to obtain kinetic energy and then sequentially pass through a speed measuring system and a voltage measuring system, and recording the data of the impact polarization voltage of the test piece.
The embodiment of the invention at least has the following advantages or beneficial effects:
in one aspect, the present application provides an experimental apparatus for impulse polarization voltage of conductor and insulator materials, comprising: the first-stage light gas gun loading system is used for filling high-pressure gas into the first-stage gas chamber, and controlling the high-pressure gas in the gas chamber to be released instantly through the electromagnetic valve so as to enable the projectile to obtain kinetic energy; a speed measuring system for measuring the speed of the projectile by adopting laser; and the voltage measuring system is used for carrying out insulation treatment on the outer side of the test piece and measuring the mechanical property and polarization of the material.
The first-level light gas gun loading system can be used for launching the projectiles with different shapes and diameters, and has the characteristics of simple launching process, wide applicability, high repeatability and the like. The speed measuring system adopts a laser speed measuring method to measure the bullet speed, and the method can accurately measure the initial speed of the bullets with different materials and shapes and the state of the test piece after the bullets hit the test piece at the initial speed. After the voltage measurement system carries out insulation treatment on the test piece, the test piece is isolated from the environmental gas to avoid charge leakage, and meanwhile, the influence of the high-speed movement excitation magnetic field of the projectile body on the test piece impact voltage measurement result is avoided.
The device adopts a combined system, has simple structure and convenient assembly, can simultaneously carry out dynamic loading and electrical testing, can simultaneously measure the mechanical property and polarization of the material, and improves the research efficiency compared with an experimental system for separately measuring the mechanical property or the polarization property of the material.
In another aspect, the present application provides a method for testing impulse polarization voltage of a conductor and insulator material, which includes the following steps: s1: performing insulation treatment on the outer surface of the piece to be tested; s2: after adjusting each experimental device, enabling the projectile to obtain kinetic energy and then sequentially pass through a speed measuring system and a voltage measuring system, and recording the data of the impact polarization voltage of the test piece; s3: and simultaneously acquiring the state of the test piece after the test piece is impacted when the impact velocity of the projectile is V, and the time-course curve of the impact polarization voltage of the test piece.
The method is characterized in that the outer surface of a to-be-tested piece is subjected to insulation treatment, the test piece is isolated from ambient gas to avoid charge leakage, and meanwhile, the influence of a high-speed movement excitation magnetic field of a projectile body on the impact voltage measurement result is avoided, so that the test result is prevented from being influenced by air and liner plate impact polarization charges, and the accuracy of the test result is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of an apparatus for testing impulse polarization voltage of a conductor and insulator material according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a time course curve of the impact polarization voltage of dolomite;
FIG. 3 is a time course curve of the impact polarization voltage of acrylic;
FIG. 4 is a time course curve of the impact polarization voltage of the 2A12 aluminum test piece;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of an embodiment of a method for testing impulse polarization voltage of a conductor and insulator material according to the present invention.
Icon: 1. an air chamber; 2. a precision pressure gauge; 3. 4, pill forming; 4. a launch tube; 5. a first laser; 6. a second laser; 7. an oscilloscope; 8. a first insulating layer; 9. a second insulating layer; 10. a target cabin; 11. a support; 12. a second electrode; 13. a test piece; 14. a first electrode; 15. a trigger; 16. a second photodetector; 17. a detonation velocity instrument; 18. a first photodetector; 19. an electromagnetic valve.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.
Examples
Referring to fig. 1, on one hand, in order to overcome the defects of complex stress wave loading mode, complex operation, insufficient stress-strain measurement accuracy and the like and incapability of outputting force-electricity responses simultaneously existing in the conventional one-dimensional loading system, the present application provides an impulse polarization voltage experimental apparatus for conductor and insulator materials, which includes: the method comprises the steps of filling high-pressure gas into a first-stage gas chamber 1, controlling the high-pressure gas in the gas chamber 1 to be released instantly through an electromagnetic valve 19, enabling a first-stage light gas gun loading system enabling a projectile 3 to obtain dynamic energy, adopting a laser speed measurement system to measure the projectile speed of the projectile 3, and carrying out insulation treatment on the outer side of a test piece 13 and measuring a voltage measurement system of mechanical properties and polarization of materials.
Illustratively, the first-level light gas gun loading system comprises a gas chamber 1, a launching tube 4 communicated with the gas chamber 1 and used for launching a projectile 3, an electromagnetic valve 19 used for controlling air flow and a precision pressure gauge 2 used for detecting the pressure in the gas chamber 1, further, the caliber of the launching tube 4 and the diameter of the target cabin 10 can be selected according to the situation, the caliber of the launching tube 4 in the embodiment is 15.3mm, the diameter of the target cabin 10 is 0.5m, the gas chamber 1 is filled with nitrogen or helium, and the air pressure is about 0-10 MPa.
The first-level light gas gun loading system adopts a first-level light gas gun and a gas gun loading technology, can emit the shot 3 with different shapes and diameters, has a simpler emitting process, and has the characteristics of wide applicability, high repeatability and the like.
Illustratively, the speed measuring system comprises a first laser 5 and a first photoelectric detector 18 which are oppositely arranged, a second laser 6 and a second photoelectric detector 16 which are oppositely arranged, and a detonation velocity instrument 17 connected with the first photoelectric detector 18 and the second photoelectric detector 16; the laser light emitted by the first laser 5 is received by the first photodetector 18, so that a front-end optical path is formed between the first laser 5 and the first photodetector 18, and the laser light emitted by the second laser 6 is received by the second photodetector 16, so that a back-end optical path is formed between the second laser 6 and the second photodetector 16.
The speed measuring system can accurately measure the initial speed of the projectile 3 with different materials and shapes and the state of the test piece 13 after the projectile 3 strikes the test piece 13 at the initial speed. When the front end light path is disconnected, the detonation velocity instrument 17 starts timing, when the rear end light path is disconnected, the detonation velocity instrument 17 stops timing, the time difference between the two is the movement time of the projectile 3 between the two light paths, and the movement speed of the projectile 3 can be obtained by combining the distance between the two light paths.
Illustratively, the charge transfer testing system is mounted within the target capsule 10. The voltage measuring system comprises a charge transfer testing system, an insulation system and a bracket 11 for fixing a test piece 13; the insulation system comprises a first insulation layer 8 and a second insulation layer 9 which are arranged on the front surface and the back surface of the test piece 13; the charge transfer test system comprises a trigger 15 arranged right in front of a test piece 13, an oscilloscope 7 connected with the trigger 15, a first electrode 14 and a second electrode 12 which are respectively arranged on the front side and the back side of the test piece 13, wherein the first electrode 14 and the second electrode 12 are connected with the oscilloscope 7 through coaxial cables.
After the voltage measurement system carries out insulation treatment on the test piece 13, the test piece 13 is isolated from the environmental gas to avoid charge leakage, and meanwhile, the influence of the high-speed movement excitation magnetic field of the projectile body on the measurement result of the impact voltage of the test piece 13 is avoided, and in addition, the test piece 13 after insulation treatment can weaken the influence of the surface charge generated by impact polarization on the metal lining plate on the support 11 on the measurement result of the voltage of the test piece 13.
The device adopts a combined system, has simple structure and convenient assembly, can simultaneously carry out dynamic loading and electrical testing, can simultaneously measure the mechanical property and polarization of the material, and improves the research efficiency compared with an experimental system for separately measuring the mechanical property or the polarization property of the material.
On the other hand, referring to fig. 5, the present application provides a method for testing impulse polarization voltage of conductor and insulator materials, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: performing insulation treatment on the outer surface of the test piece 13 to be tested;
s2: after adjusting each experimental device, enabling the projectile 3 to obtain kinetic energy and then sequentially pass through a speed measuring system and a voltage measuring system, and recording the data of the impact polarization voltage of the test piece 13;
s3: and simultaneously acquiring the state of the test piece 13 after the test piece 13 is impacted when the impact speed of the projectile 3 is V, and the time-course curve of the impact polarization voltage of the test piece 13.
The outer surface of the test piece 13 to be tested is subjected to insulation treatment, the test piece 13 is isolated from the ambient gas to avoid charge leakage, and meanwhile, the influence of the high-speed movement excitation magnetic field of the projectile body on the measurement result of the impact voltage of the test piece 13 is avoided, so that the test result is prevented from being influenced by air and liner plate impact polarization charges, and the accuracy of the test result is improved.
In some embodiments of the invention, step S1 includes:
s1-1: wiping the surface of a test piece 13 with alcohol, drying, arranging a first electrode 14 and a second electrode 12 at the middle points of the outer edges of two ends of the test piece 13, respectively connecting the core and the skin of a coaxial cable with the first electrode 14 and the second electrode 12, and connecting the core and the skin of the coaxial cable into the same channel of an oscilloscope 7 to acquire an impact polarization voltage signal;
s1-2: wiping the front and back surfaces of the test piece 13 with alcohol to remove surface impurities, and coating the front and back sides of the test piece 13 with a first insulating layer 8 and a second insulating layer 9 for insulation;
s1-3: the test piece 13 is placed in a self-designed support 11 and fixed in the target cabin 10, and the position of the support 11 is adjusted to enable the center of the test piece 13 to be coaxial with the launching tube 4, so that the shot 3 can accurately impact the center of the test piece 13.
In some embodiments of the invention step S2 includes:
s2-1: before the experiment, the inner wall of the launching tube 4 is wiped by alcohol, the launching tube is naturally dried, and the target chamber 10 is cleaned of impurities by a dust collector;
s2-2: arranging a laser speed measuring device, matching a first photoelectric detector 18 with a first laser 5 and facing the transmitting tube 4, matching a second photoelectric detector 16 with a second laser 6 and respectively placing the first photoelectric detector 18 and the first laser 5 behind, wherein the first photoelectric detector 18 and the second photoelectric detector 16 are positioned at one side of the axis of the transmitting tube 4, and the first laser 5 and the second laser 6 are positioned at the other side of the axis of the transmitting tube 4; connecting the output ends of the first photoelectric detector 18 and the second photoelectric detector 16 to the detonation velocity instrument 17, connecting the detonation velocity instrument 17 to the oscilloscope 7, and testing the effectiveness of the second photoelectric detector 16 and the first photoelectric detector 18, the first laser 5 and the second laser 6 and the detonation velocity instrument 17;
s2-3: arranging a trigger 15, placing the trigger 15 in front of the test piece 13, coinciding with the axis of the transmitting tube 4, connecting an oscilloscope 7, and testing the effectiveness of the trigger 15;
s2-4: installing the projectile 3 into the launch tube 4; s2-5: gas is filled into the gas chamber 1, the gas pressure is observed through the precision pressure gauge 2, and when the gas pressure reaches a preset value, the electromagnetic valve 19 is started, so that the projectile 3 obtains kinetic energy and then sequentially passes through the speed measurement system and the voltage measurement system, and the data of the impact polarization voltage of the test piece 13 are recorded.
Experiment one
The impact polarization characteristic test was performed using a dolomitic material (insulator) as a test piece 13, and the size of the test piece 13 was 120mm × 120mm × 20 mm. And (3) adopting a voltage measuring device to characterize the impact polarization characteristic of the dolomite material. The dolomite is natural dolomite produced from Hsiuyen rock county of Liaoning province, and is cut into columnar natural dolomite.
The insulation treatment of the test piece 13 specifically includes the following operations:
(1) wiping the surface of the dolomite with alcohol, drying, arranging a first electrode 14 and a second electrode 12 at the middle position of the edge of the front and back surfaces of the dolomite, wherein the first electrode 14 and the second electrode 12 are made of copper foils. The size of the first electrode 14 and the second electrode 12 is about 1 × 1cm2, and the core and the skin of the coaxial cable are respectively connected with the first electrode 14 and the second electrode 12 and are connected to the same channel of the oscilloscope 7 for collecting impulse polarization voltage signals;
(2) wiping the front and back sides of dolomite with alcohol to remove surface (especially copper foil) impurities, and coating the front and back sides with a first insulating layer 8 and a second insulating layer 9 for insulation, wherein the first insulating layer 8 and the second insulating layer 9 are made of insulating paper;
(3) the test piece 13 is placed in a self-designed support 11 and fixed in the target cabin 10, and the position of the support 11 is adjusted to enable the center of the test piece 13 to be coaxial with the launching tube 4, so that the shot 3 can accurately impact the center of the test piece 13.
The adjustment of the experimental system specifically comprises the following operations:
(1) before the experiment, the inner wall of the launching tube 4 is wiped by alcohol, the air is naturally dried, and the target cabin 10 is cleaned of impurities by a dust collector, so that the influence of impurities, dust and other non-experimental objects on the experiment precision is avoided;
(2) arranging a laser speed measuring device, matching a first photoelectric detector 18 with a first laser 5 and placing the first photoelectric detector and the first laser in a transmitting tube 4, matching a second photoelectric detector 16 with a second laser 6 and placing the second photoelectric detector and the second laser in the first photoelectric detector 18 and the first laser 5 respectively, placing the two photoelectric detectors and the two lasers on two sides of the axis of the transmitting tube 4, connecting the output ends of the two photoelectric detectors to a detonation velocity instrument 17, connecting a circuit, checking and adjusting the matched photoelectric detectors and lasers to enable laser energy emitted by the lasers to irradiate the corresponding photoelectric detectors, and testing the effectiveness of the second photoelectric detector 16 and the first photoelectric detector 18, the first laser 5, the second laser 6 and the detonation velocity instrument 17;
(3) arranging a trigger 15, preferably selecting a synchronous trigger device for the trigger 15, placing the trigger 15 in front of the target plate to be overlapped with the axis of the transmitting tube 4, connecting an oscilloscope 7, and testing the effectiveness of the trigger 15;
(4) the shot 3 is a columnar shot (45# steel, the length-diameter ratio is 1:1) with the diameter of 15.3mm, the shot 3 and the counterweight/piston combination 3 are arranged in the launching tube 4, and the piston and the pump tube are in interference fit;
(5) filling gas into a gas chamber 1 (nitrogen or helium), observing gas pressure through a precision pressure gauge 2, starting an electromagnetic valve 19 when the gas pressure reaches a preset value, enabling a projectile 3 to obtain kinetic energy to penetrate through a speed measuring system and a trigger 15, and enabling an oscilloscope 7 to receive a trigger signal to start recording data of the impact polarization voltage of a test piece 13.
Obtaining the impact polarization characteristic of dolomite, which specifically comprises the following operations:
according to the distance delta L between the first laser 5 and the second laser 6 and the recording time difference delta t of the detonation velocity instrument 17, the impact velocity v1 is obtained through calculation, and the formula is as follows
At an initial velocity v1 of 301m/s, the shot 3 penetrated through the dolomitic slate and broke it. Based on the obtained oscilloscope 7 data, the impact polarization voltage of dolomite can be calculated. FIG. 2 is a time course curve of the impulse polarization voltage of natural dolomite. Referring to fig. 2, the present invention can determine the type of the charges excited by the stress wave in the test piece 13 according to the positive and negative (negative potential, positive potential) of the electrical signal, and the charges carried by the stress wave in the dolomite are electrons.
Experiment two
An impact polarization characteristic experiment was performed using an acryl material (insulator) as a test piece 13, and the size of the test piece 13 was 120mm × 120mm × 20 mm. And (3) adopting a voltage measuring device to characterize the impact polarization characteristic of the dolomite material.
The insulation treatment of the test piece 13 specifically includes the following operations:
(1) wiping the surface of the acrylic by alcohol, drying, arranging a first electrode 14 and a second electrode 12 at the middle points of the outer edges of the two ends of the acrylic, wherein the second electrode 12 and the first electrode 14 are made of copper foils, the sizes of the first electrode 14 and the second electrode 12 are respectively 1cm multiplied by 1cm, and connecting the core and the skin of a coaxial cable with the front and rear electrodes respectively and inputting the core and the skin into the same channel of an oscilloscope 7 to acquire an impact polarization voltage signal;
(2) wiping the front and back surfaces of acrylic with alcohol to remove surface (especially copper foil) impurities, and coating the front and back surfaces with a first insulating layer 8 and a second insulating layer 9 for insulation;
(3) the test piece 13 is placed in a self-designed support 11 and fixed in the target cabin 10, and the position of the support 11 is adjusted to enable the center of the test piece 13 to be coaxial with the launching tube 4, so that the shot 3 can accurately impact the center of the test piece 13.
The adjustment of the experimental system specifically comprises the following operations:
(1) before the experiment, the inner wall of the launching tube 4 is wiped by alcohol, the air is naturally dried, and the target cabin 10 is cleaned of impurities by a dust collector, so that the influence of impurities, dust and other non-experimental objects on the experiment precision is avoided;
(2) arranging a laser speed measuring device, matching a first photoelectric detector 18 with a first laser 5 and placing the first photoelectric detector and the first laser in a transmitting tube 4, matching a second photoelectric detector 16 with a second laser 6 and placing the second photoelectric detector and the second laser in the first photoelectric detector 18 and the first laser 5 respectively, placing the two photoelectric detectors and the two lasers on two sides of the axis of the transmitting tube 4, connecting the output ends of the two photoelectric detectors to a detonation velocity instrument 17, connecting a circuit, checking and adjusting the matched photoelectric detectors and lasers to enable laser energy emitted by the lasers to irradiate the corresponding photoelectric detectors, and testing the effectiveness of the second photoelectric detector 16 and the first photoelectric detector 18, the first laser 5, the second laser 6 and the detonation velocity instrument 17;
(3) arranging a synchronous trigger 15, placing the trigger 15 in front of the target plate to coincide with the axis of the transmitting tube 4, connecting an oscilloscope 7, and testing the effectiveness of the trigger 15;
(4) the shot 3 is a columnar shot (nylon 66, the length-diameter ratio is 1:1) with the diameter of 15.3mm, the shot 3 and the counterweight/piston combination 3 are arranged in the launching tube 4, and the piston and the pump tube are in interference fit;
(5) gas is filled into a gas chamber 1 (nitrogen or helium), gas pressure is observed through a precision pressure gauge 2, when the gas pressure reaches a preset value, an electromagnetic valve 19 is started, a projectile 3 obtains kinetic energy and penetrates through a speed measuring system and a triggering system, and an experiment testing system receives a triggering signal and starts to record data of impact polarization voltage of a test piece 13.
The impact polarization property of the acrylic specifically comprises the following operations:
according to the distance delta L between the laser I and the laser II and the recording time difference delta t2 of the detonation velocity instrument 17, the impact velocity v2 is obtained through calculation, and the formula is as follows
At initial velocity v2 ═ 741m/s, the acrylic panel cracked on impact with nylon 66 shot 3. Based on the obtained data of the oscilloscope 7, the impact polarization voltage of the acrylic can be calculated. FIG. 3 is a time course curve of the impact polarization voltage of acrylic.
Experiment three
An impact polarization characteristic experiment is carried out by taking a 2A12 aluminum material (conductor) as a test piece 13, the size of the test piece 13 is 120mm multiplied by 105mm multiplied by 3mm, and an impact polarization characteristic of the acrylic material is represented by adopting a voltage measuring device.
The insulation treatment of the test piece 13 specifically includes the following operations:
(1) wiping the surface of the acrylic by alcohol, naturally drying, arranging a second electrode 12 and a first electrode 14 at the middle points of the outer edges of two ends of a 2A12 aluminum test piece 13, wherein the second electrode 12 and the first electrode 14 are made of copper foils, the sizes of the first electrode 14 and the second electrode 12 are respectively 1cm multiplied by 1cm, and the core and the skin of a coaxial cable are respectively connected with the front and rear electrodes and are connected with the same channel of an input oscilloscope 7 for collecting an impact polarization voltage signal;
(2) wiping the front and back surfaces of a 2A12 aluminum test piece 13 with alcohol to remove impurities on the surface (particularly copper foil), and coating the front and back surfaces with a first insulating layer 8 and a second insulating layer 9 for insulation;
(3) the test piece 13 is placed in a self-designed support 11 and fixed in the target cabin 10, and the position of the support 11 is adjusted to enable the center of the test piece 13 to be coaxial with the launching tube 4, so that the shot 3 can accurately impact the center of the test piece 13.
The adjustment of the experimental system specifically comprises the following operations:
(1) before the experiment, the inner wall of the launching tube 4 is wiped by alcohol, the air is naturally dried, and the target cabin 10 is cleaned of impurities by a dust collector, so that the influence of impurities, dust and other non-experimental objects on the experiment precision is avoided;
(2) arranging a laser speed measuring device, matching a first photoelectric detector 18 with a first laser 5 and placing the first photoelectric detector and the first laser in a transmitting tube 4, matching a second photoelectric detector 16 with a second laser 6 and placing the second photoelectric detector and the second laser in the first photoelectric detector 18 and the first laser 5 respectively, placing the two photoelectric detectors and the two lasers on two sides of the axis of the transmitting tube 4, connecting the output ends of the two photoelectric detectors to a detonation velocity instrument 17, connecting a circuit, checking and adjusting the matched photoelectric detectors and lasers to enable laser energy emitted by the lasers to irradiate the corresponding photoelectric detectors, and testing the effectiveness of the second photoelectric detector 16 and the first photoelectric detector 18, the first laser 5, the second laser 6 and the detonation velocity instrument 17;
(3) arranging a synchronous trigger 15, placing the trigger 15 in front of the target plate to coincide with the axis of the transmitting tube 4, connecting an oscilloscope 7, and testing the effectiveness of the trigger 15;
(4) the shot 3 is a columnar shot (2A12 aluminum, the length-diameter ratio is 1:1) with the diameter of 15.3mm, the shot 3 and a counterweight/piston combination 3 are arranged in the launching tube 4, and the piston and the pump tube are in interference fit;
(5) gas is filled into a gas chamber 1 (nitrogen or helium), gas pressure is observed through a precision pressure gauge 2, when the gas pressure reaches a preset value, an electromagnetic valve 19 is started, a projectile 3 obtains kinetic energy and penetrates through a speed measuring system and a triggering system, and an experiment testing system receives a triggering signal and starts to record data of impact polarization voltage of a test piece 13.
The impact polarization characteristic of the 2A12 aluminum test piece 13 specifically comprises the following operations:
according to the distance delta L between the laser I and the laser II and the recording time difference delta t3 of the detonation velocity instrument 17, the impact velocity v3 is obtained through calculation, and the formula is as follows
At an initial speed v2 of 489m/s, the 2a12 aluminum test specimen was impacted by 2a12 aluminum shot 3, producing a permanent plastic deformation at the point of action. Based on the oscilloscope 7 data obtained in step 2 of the third embodiment, the impact polarization voltage of the 2a12 aluminum-aluminum test piece 13 can be calculated. Fig. 4 is a time course of the impact polarization voltage of the 2a12 aluminum test piece 13. Referring to fig. 4, the electrical signal collected by the oscilloscope 7 generates a positive potential difference first, which shows that the 2a12 aluminum plate conducts electricity by free electrons, and since the positive electrode and the negative electrode are connected to the same channel of the oscilloscope 7, electrons carried by stress waves are due to an electrical balance state at the end of the stress wave action, and thus, more negative potentials are generated at the end of the sampling of the oscilloscope 7.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the support 11 uses a honeycomb-shaped material as a metal framework to increase the dynamic compressive strength of the aluminum/teflon energetic material, and the honeycomb framework not only serves as a support to bear a part of the loading force when being impacted, but also plays a role in dividing and shielding, so as to avoid the function reduction or failure of the peripheral unstressed part due to the tearing of the damaged part caused by concentrated stress.
Compared with the prior art, the invention provides a brand-new measuring means for the impact polarization voltage of the conductor/insulator material, and the arrangement of the insulation system enables the test result to be prevented from being influenced by the impact polarization charges of air and a lining plate, so that the invention has accurate test result and is suitable for measuring the impact polarization characteristics of materials with different types, sizes and shapes.
In summary, in one aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an apparatus for testing impulse polarization voltage of a conductor and an insulator material, including: high-pressure gas is filled into the first-stage air chamber 1, and the high-pressure gas in the air chamber 1 is controlled to be released instantly by the electromagnetic valve 19, so that the projectile 3 obtains a first-stage light gas gun loading system with kinetic energy; a speed measuring system for measuring the bullet speed of the bullet 3 by adopting laser speed measurement; and a voltage measuring system for performing insulation treatment on the outer side of the test piece 13 and measuring mechanical properties and polarization of the material.
The first-level light gas gun loading system can be used for launching the projectiles 3 with different shapes and diameters, and has the characteristics of simple launching process, wide applicability, high repeatability and the like. The speed measuring system adopts a laser speed measuring method to measure the bullet speed, and the method can accurately measure the initial speed of the bullet 3 with different materials and shapes and the state of the test piece 13 after the bullet 3 strikes the test piece 13 at the initial speed. After the voltage measurement system carries out insulation treatment on the test piece 13, the test piece 13 is isolated from the environmental gas to avoid charge leakage, and meanwhile, the influence of the high-speed movement excitation magnetic field of the projectile body on the measurement result of the impact voltage of the test piece 13 is avoided, and in addition, the test piece 13 after insulation treatment can weaken the influence of the surface charge generated by impact polarization on the metal lining plate on the support 11 on the measurement result of the voltage of the test piece 13.
The device adopts a combined system, has simple structure and convenient assembly, can simultaneously carry out dynamic loading and electrical testing, can simultaneously measure the mechanical property and polarization of the material, and improves the research efficiency compared with an experimental system for separately measuring the mechanical property or the polarization property of the material.
In another aspect, the present application provides a method for testing impulse polarization voltage of a conductor and insulator material, which includes the following steps: s1: performing insulation treatment on the outer surface of the test piece 13 to be tested; s2: after adjusting each experimental device, enabling the projectile 3 to obtain kinetic energy and then sequentially pass through a speed measuring system and a voltage measuring system, and recording the data of the impact polarization voltage of the test piece 13; s3: and simultaneously acquiring the state of the test piece 13 after the test piece 13 is impacted when the impact velocity of the projectile 3(3) is V, and the time-course curve of the impact polarization voltage of the test piece 13.
The method is used for insulating the outer surface of the test piece 13 to be tested, the test piece 13 is isolated from the ambient gas to avoid charge leakage, and meanwhile, the influence of the high-speed movement excitation magnetic field of the projectile body on the measurement result of the impact voltage of the test piece 13 is avoided, so that the test result is prevented from being influenced by the impact polarization charges of air and a lining plate, and the accuracy of the test result is improved.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes will occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the present application is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present application may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the application being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a shock polarization voltage experimental apparatus of conductor, insulator material which characterized in that includes:
the device comprises a first-stage light gas gun loading system, a speed measuring system and a voltage measuring system, wherein high-pressure gas is filled into a first-stage gas chamber, the high-pressure gas in the gas chamber is controlled to be instantly released through an electromagnetic valve, so that a projectile obtains kinetic energy, the speed measuring system adopts laser to measure the projectile speed, and the voltage measuring system is used for carrying out insulation treatment on the outer side of a test piece and measuring the mechanical property and polarization of materials.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the primary light gas gun loading system comprises: the shot blasting device comprises an air chamber, a launching tube communicated with the air chamber and used for launching shots, an electromagnetic valve used for controlling air flow and a precision pressure gauge for detecting pressure in the air chamber.
3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the gas introduced into the primary gas chamber comprises nitrogen or helium.
4. The experimental device for impulse polarization voltage of conductor and insulator material as claimed in claim 2, wherein the bore of said transmitting tube is 15.3 mm.
5. The experimental device for impulse polarization voltage of conductor and insulator material according to claim 1, wherein said velocity measuring system comprises a first laser and a first photodetector oppositely disposed, a second laser and a second photodetector oppositely disposed, and a detonation velocity meter connected to the first photodetector and the second photodetector; the laser emitted by the first laser is received by the first photoelectric detector, so that a front-end optical path is formed between the first laser and the first photoelectric detector, and the laser emitted by the second laser is received by the second photoelectric detector, so that a rear-end optical path is formed between the second laser and the second photoelectric detector.
6. The experimental device for the impulse polarization voltage of a conductor and insulator material according to claim 1, wherein the voltage measuring system comprises a charge transfer testing system, an insulating system and a bracket for fixing a test piece;
the insulation system comprises a first insulation layer and a second insulation layer which are arranged on the front surface and the back surface of the test piece;
the charge transfer test system comprises a trigger arranged right in front of the test piece, an oscilloscope connected with the trigger, a first electrode and a second electrode, wherein the first electrode and the second electrode are respectively arranged on the front side and the back side of the test piece, and the first electrode and the second electrode are connected with the oscilloscope through coaxial cables.
7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the charge transfer testing system is installed in a target chamber.
8. An experimental method for impulse polarization voltage of conductor and insulator materials is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: performing insulation treatment on the outer surface of the piece to be tested;
s2: after adjusting each experimental device, enabling the projectile to obtain kinetic energy and then sequentially pass through a speed measuring system and a voltage measuring system, and recording the data of the impact polarization voltage of the test piece;
s3: and simultaneously acquiring the state of the test piece after the test piece is impacted when the impact velocity of the projectile is V, and the time-course curve of the impact polarization voltage of the test piece.
9. The experimental method of impulse polarization voltage of conductor and insulator material as claimed in claim 8, wherein step S1 includes:
s1-1: wiping the surface of a test piece with alcohol, drying, arranging a first electrode and a second electrode at the middle points of the outer edges of the two ends of the test piece, respectively connecting the core and the skin of a coaxial cable with the first electrode and the second electrode, and connecting the core and the skin of the coaxial cable into the same channel of an oscilloscope to acquire an impact polarization voltage signal;
s1-2: wiping the front and back surfaces of the test piece with alcohol to remove surface impurities, and coating a first insulating layer and a second insulating layer on the front and back sides of the test piece for insulation;
s1-3: the test piece is placed in a self-designed support and fixed in a target cabin, and the position of the support is adjusted to enable the center of the test piece to be coaxial with the launching tube, so that the central position of the test piece can be accurately impacted by the projectile.
10. The experimental method of impulse polarization voltage of conductor and insulator material as claimed in claim 8, wherein step S2 includes:
s2-1: before the experiment, the inner wall of the launching tube is wiped by alcohol, the launching tube is naturally dried, and the target cabin is cleaned of impurities by a dust collector;
s2-2: arranging a laser speed measuring device, matching a first photoelectric detector with a first laser and facing to an emission tube, matching a second photoelectric detector with a second laser and respectively placing the first photoelectric detector and the first laser behind, wherein the first photoelectric detector and the second photoelectric detector are positioned on one side of the axis of the emission tube, and the first laser and the second laser are positioned on the other side of the axis of the emission tube; connecting the output ends of the first photoelectric detector and the second photoelectric detector into a detonation velocity instrument, connecting the detonation velocity instrument into an oscilloscope, and testing the effectiveness of the second photoelectric detector and the first photoelectric detector, and the effectiveness of the first laser and the second laser and the detonation velocity instrument;
s2-3: arranging a trigger, placing the trigger in front of the test piece, coinciding with the axis of the transmitting tube, connecting an oscilloscope and testing the effectiveness of the trigger;
s2-4: installing the projectile into a launch tube;
s2-5: filling gas into the gas chamber, observing the gas pressure through a precision pressure gauge, starting the electromagnetic valve after the gas pressure reaches a preset value, enabling the projectile to obtain kinetic energy and then sequentially pass through a speed measuring system and a voltage measuring system, and recording the data of the impact polarization voltage of the test piece.
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