CN109251400A - 耐光热老化低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃电缆料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
耐光热老化低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃电缆料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种耐光热老化低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃电缆料,所述的电缆料的原料包括以下量份数组分:乙烯‑醋酸乙烯共聚物50–100份、丙烯酸酯橡胶2‑8份、乙丙橡胶5‑15份、弹性体2–20份、阻燃剂100‑120份、消烟阻燃剂10‑30份、复配抗氧剂0.1–2份、润滑剂0.1–2份、硫化剂0.5‑2份、补强剂5‑20份,成壳剂1‑5份;受阻胺紫外光稳定剂1‑5份,未处理热解硅石0.5‑2份。本发明还公开了该电缆料的制备方法。本发明电缆料可大大提高耐光热老化性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于高分子材料技术与科学领域,涉及一种电线电缆料及其制备方法,特别涉及一种耐光热老化低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃电缆料及其制备方法。
背景技术
动车组内部布线中有些电缆需敷设在灯具、发光源等具有长时间光照和热作用的环境下,在这些环境下,普通的聚烯烃材料由于本身颜色为彩色,不具备耐长期光老化的能力,在长期使用过程中会发生表面降解、龟裂等现象,严重的会导致电缆击穿或引发火灾,因此其对列车安全运行的重要性不言而喻。虽然目前动车组内大部分照明系统采用LED灯具,但是其发光效率高的同时发热效率也极高,表面温度较普通白炽灯高,使电缆表面在长期光照的情况下还承受热老化作用,在光热同时作用的情况下,电缆的寿命将无法按照热老化寿命评定,其老化速度比单一的光和热老化速度都更加快速,因此急需开发具有耐光热同时作用的耐老化电缆替代传统产品。
“一种低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃电缆料及其制备方法”(专利申请号CN 1445793A)制备了一种电缆材料,但由于是高填充,无机粉体在基体中分散性能较差,材料的柔性较差。“一种低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃电缆料及其制备方法”(专利申请号CN 1796450A)采用乙烯醋酸乙烯酯和高密度聚乙烯等塑料与无机粉体复配,并解决了相容性问题,提高了无机粉体的分散性能,但未提及光热同时老化问题。紫外稳定的聚烯烃混合物(专利申请号CN 103627056A)采用受阻胺紫外光稳定剂和未处理热解硅石,解决了耐紫外线问题,但是其适用于户外环境下的太阳光照射,而不适用于长期灯具光热老化条件。
发明内容
本发明是针对现有技术的不足,提供一种耐光热老化低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃材料及其制备方法。
耐光热老化低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃电缆料,所述的电缆料的原料包括以下量份数组分:乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物50–100份、丙烯酸酯橡胶2-8份、乙丙橡胶5-15份、弹性体2–20份、阻燃剂100-120份、消烟阻燃剂10-30份、复配抗氧剂0.1–2份、润滑剂0.1–2份、硫化剂0.5-2份、补强剂5-20份,成壳剂1-5份;受阻胺紫外光稳定剂1-5份,未处理热解硅石0.5-2份。
进一步,所述的EVA树脂的熔融指数(MFR)在温度190 ℃,载荷重量2.16 Kg的测试条件下为0.1–20 g/10min。
进一步,所述丙烯酸酯橡胶的MFR在温度190 ℃,载荷重量2.16 Kg的测试条件下为0.1–20 g/10min;
所述乙丙橡胶采用Dupont NDR 3722P,门尼(ML1±4 125℃):20,乙烯含量70.5%,丙烯含量29%。
进一步,所述的阻燃剂为氢氧化镁、氢氧化铝、硼酸锌混合物,其粒径为0.1–3μm。
进一步,所述的成壳剂为微胶囊化红磷和聚磷酸铵的混合物,微胶囊化红磷与聚磷酸铵的比例为1:2至3:1。
进一步,所述的弹性体为α–烯烃共聚物,分别为乙烯–丙烯共聚物、乙烯–丁烯共聚物、乙烯–己烯共聚物或乙烯–辛烯共聚物、乙烯–丙烯酸酯共聚物中的一种或几种混合物,其密度为0.850–0.900 g/cm3, MFR在温度190 ℃,载荷重量2.16 Kg的测试条件下为0.1–40 g/10min。
进一步,所述的受阻胺紫外光稳定剂为:1,6-己二胺、N,N’-二(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)-聚合物与2,4,6-三氯-1,3,5-三嗪,N-丁基-1-丁酰胺和N-丁基-2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-氨基哌啶的反应产物。
进一步,所述的复配抗氧剂为液体抗氧剂和粉体抗氧剂的混合物,其中所述液体抗氧剂为抗氧剂1135,所述粉体抗氧剂为抗氧剂1010、抗氧剂DLTP、抗氧剂1035中的一种或任意两种以上的混合。
进一步,包含以下步骤:乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物(EVA树脂)10–70份、弹性体2–20份、阻燃剂100–120份、复配抗氧剂0.1–2份、润滑剂0.1–2份、硫化剂0.5-2份、补强剂5-20份、成壳剂1-5份,受阻胺紫外光稳定剂1-5份,未处理热解硅石0.5-2份,加入到高速混合机1000–1500 r/min,混合5–10 min后,经过双螺杆挤出机在150–170 ℃进行混炼、造粒,得到电缆料。
与现有技术相比本发明的电缆料由于添加了受阻胺紫外光稳定剂和未处理的热解硅石提高材料的耐紫外光老化性能,以及采用复配抗氧剂,提高材料的耐热老化能力,双重作用下使得符合材料的耐光热老化性能大大提高;添加大量无机阻燃剂后材料的力学性能尤其是断裂伸长率和柔性无明显降低,环境友好阻燃剂的加入保证了材料燃烧后的低毒性,微胶囊化红磷和聚磷酸铵的加入可使其在燃烧时快速结壳,阻止火焰深入到电缆内部,防止烟囱效应的发生。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明的进一步说明。
本发明实施例中原材料性能:
乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物(EVA树脂):MFR在温度190 ℃,载荷重量2.16 Kg的测试条件下为1 g/10min;
乙烯丙烯酸酯:共聚物中丙烯酸甲酯的份数为20份,MFR在温度190 ℃,载荷重量2.16Kg的测试条件下为3 g/10min;
Mg(OH)2:粒径为1.5 μm;
Al(OH)3:粒径为2.0 μm;
硼酸锌:粒径为2.0 μm;
微胶囊化红磷:粒径为5~10μm。紫红色粉末,相对密度2.1,堆积密度0.6g/cm3;
聚磷酸铵:细度(通过50μm筛)/%≥ 90;
受阻胺紫外光稳定剂:1,6-己二胺、N,N’-二(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)-聚合物与2,4,6-三氯-1,3,5-三嗪,N-丁基-1-丁酰胺和N-丁基-2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-氨基哌啶的反应产物,(CAS 号:192268-64-7)。
未处理热解硅石:粒径为0.01-0.05μm。
复配抗氧剂:液体抗氧剂和粉体抗氧剂的混合物,其中液体抗氧剂为抗氧剂1135,粉体抗氧剂为抗氧剂1010、抗氧剂DLTP、抗氧剂1035中的一种或任意两种以上的混合。
SiO2:为气相法白炭黑,其粒径为0.5 μm;
弹性体1:为乙烯-丁烯共聚物;
弹性体2:为乙烯-己烯共聚物;
弹性体3:为乙烯-丙烯酸酯共聚物。
本发明的耐光热老化低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃材料及其制备方法还可以包含其他添加剂、相容剂、颜料等。根据不同技术要求可以对上述添加剂单独或者复配使用。
耐光热老化低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃材料及其制备方法,其原料配方(重量份)如表1,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
将EVA树脂、丙烯酸酯、阻燃剂、成壳剂、SiO2、弹性体、复配抗氧剂、受阻胺紫外光稳定剂、未处理热解硅石、润滑剂、加工助剂,加入到高速混合机1000–1500 r/min 混合10min后,经双螺杆挤出机在150–170℃进行混炼、造粒制备电缆料。
表1电缆料的原料和用量
其主要性能如表2:
其中紫外光老化试验条件为:周期:洒水18min,氙灯干燥102min
测试温度63℃,湿度65%
波长300-400nm条件下的最小功率:(60±2)W/m²
总试验时间至少720h
表2电缆料性能测试结果
性能 | 单位 | 实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | 实施例4 |
拉伸强度 | MPa | 11.9 | 12.0 | 12.6 | 13.1 |
断裂伸长率 | % | 360 | 300 | 280 | 250 |
毒性 | LC<sub>50</sub> | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.2 | 1.1 |
老化性能 | ℃*h | 120*240 | 120*240 | 120*240 | 120*240 |
拉伸强度保留率 | % | 78 | 78 | 75 | 71 |
断裂伸长率保留率 | % | 73.5 | 72.4 | 71.1 | 70.5 |
氧指数 | % | 32 | 33 | 34 | 34 |
燃烧时透光率 | % | 79 | 78 | 75 | 73 |
紫外光老化试验 | h*℃ | 720*63 | 720*63 | 720*63 | 720*63 |
老化后拉伸强度保留率 | % | 102 | 98 | 99 | 95 |
老化后断裂伸长率保留率 | % | 93 | 95 | 96 | 95 |
由表2可以看出,材料的耐光热老化性能符合UL1581标准要求。
所有上述的首要实施这一知识产权,并没有设定限制其他形式的实施这种新产品和/或新方法。本领域技术人员将利用这一重要信息,上述内容修改,以实现类似的执行情况。但是,所有修改或改造基于本发明新产品属于保留的权利。
以上所述,仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已,并非是对本发明作其它形式的限制,任何熟悉本专业的技术人员可能利用上述揭示的技术内容加以变更或改型为等同变化的等效实施例。但是凡是未脱离本发明技术方案内容,依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化与改型,仍属于本发明技术方案的保护范围。
Claims (9)
1.耐光热老化低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃电缆料,其特征在于,所述的电缆料的原料包括以下量份数组分:乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物50–100份、丙烯酸酯橡胶2-8份、乙丙橡胶5-15份、弹性体2–20份、阻燃剂100-120份、消烟阻燃剂10-30份、复配抗氧剂0.1–2份、润滑剂0.1–2份、硫化剂0.5-2份、补强剂5-20份,成壳剂1-5份;受阻胺紫外光稳定剂1-5份,未处理热解硅石0.5-2份。
2.根据权利1所述的耐光热老化低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃电缆料,其特征在于,所述的EVA树脂的熔融指数(MFR)在温度190 ℃,载荷重量2.16 Kg的测试条件下为0.1–20 g/10min。
3.根据权利1所述的耐光热老化低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃电缆料,其特征在于,所述丙烯酸酯橡胶的MFR在温度190 ℃,载荷重量2.16 Kg的测试条件下为0.1–20 g/10min;
所述乙丙橡胶采用Dupont NDR 3722P,门尼(ML1±4 125℃):20,乙烯含量70.5%,丙烯含量29%。
4.根据权利1所述的耐光热老化低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃电缆料,其特征在于,所述的阻燃剂为氢氧化镁、氢氧化铝、硼酸锌混合物,其粒径为0.1–3μm。
5.根据权利1所述的耐光热老化低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃电缆料,其特征在于,所述的成壳剂为微胶囊化红磷和聚磷酸铵的混合物,微胶囊化红磷与聚磷酸铵的比例为1:2至3:1。
6.根据权利1所述的耐光热老化低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃电缆料,其特征在于,所述的弹性体为α–烯烃共聚物,分别为乙烯–丙烯共聚物、乙烯–丁烯共聚物、乙烯–己烯共聚物或乙烯–辛烯共聚物、乙烯–丙烯酸酯共聚物中的一种或几种混合物,其密度为0.850–0.900 g/cm3,MFR在温度190 ℃,载荷重量2.16 Kg的测试条件下为0.1–40 g/10min。
7.根据权利1所述的耐光热老化低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃电缆料,其特征在于,所述的受阻胺紫外光稳定剂为:1,6-己二胺、N,N’-二(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)-聚合物与2,4,6-三氯-1,3,5-三嗪,N-丁基-1-丁酰胺和N-丁基-2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-氨基哌啶的反应产物。
8.根据权利1所述的耐光热老化低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃电缆料,其特征在于,所述的复配抗氧剂为液体抗氧剂和粉体抗氧剂的混合物,其中所述液体抗氧剂为抗氧剂1135,所述粉体抗氧剂为抗氧剂1010、抗氧剂DLTP、抗氧剂1035中的一种或任意两种以上的混合。
9.根据权利要求1–8任一所述的耐光热老化低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃电缆料的其制备方法,其特征在于,包含以下步骤:乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物(EVA树脂)10–70份、弹性体2–20份、阻燃剂100–120份、复配抗氧剂0.1–2份、润滑剂0.1–2份、硫化剂0.5-2份、补强剂5-20份、成壳剂1-5份,受阻胺紫外光稳定剂1-5份,未处理热解硅石0.5-2份,加入到高速混合机1000–1500 r/min,混合5–10 min后,经过双螺杆挤出机在150–170 ℃进行混炼、造粒,得到电缆料。
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