CN109247337A - 一种提高玉米种子活力的复合型种衣剂 - Google Patents

一种提高玉米种子活力的复合型种衣剂 Download PDF

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CN109247337A
CN109247337A CN201811041895.8A CN201811041895A CN109247337A CN 109247337 A CN109247337 A CN 109247337A CN 201811041895 A CN201811041895 A CN 201811041895A CN 109247337 A CN109247337 A CN 109247337A
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冯尚宗
董娟华
刘克勇
左振朋
蒋金英
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Linyi Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种提高玉米种子活力的复合型种衣剂,属于作物种衣剂领域。本发明提高玉米种子活力的复合型种衣剂,包括以下重量百分比含量的各组分:苯肽胺酸0.1~1.0%、细胞松弛素C 0.01~0.05%、香茅醇2~5%、氯吡脲0.1~0.3%、成膜剂6~10%、分散剂4~8%、增稠剂0.6~1.0%、碱性玫瑰精0.3~0.5%、水杨酸0.01~0.1%、微量元素0.01~0.1%、水余量。本发明种衣剂中各组分相互协同作用,不仅能够提高玉米种子活力,还能促进玉米种子根系的生长,培育健壮幼苗,提高玉米产量。本发明种衣剂包衣玉米种子,使玉米产量提高4.9%。

Description

一种提高玉米种子活力的复合型种衣剂
技术领域
本发明属于作物种衣剂领域,具体涉及一种提高玉米种子活力的复合型种衣剂。
背景技术
玉米是我国三大粮食作物之一,也是全世界总产量最高的粮食作物,无论在粮食安全还是经济发展中都具有突出的地位,其产量和品质也影响着我国农业的发展。
种子活力是权衡玉米种子质量的重要指标,近几年来,在农业生产中因种子活力下降造成经济损失的现象层出不穷,种子活力也受到种子工作者更多的重视。在我国,着重选育高产、稳产和适应机械化的优良品种,然而播种品质一直不能得到保障。种子活力是影响播种品质的重要因素,在适应机械化,实行单粒播种的趋势下,良种发挥着重要的增产潜力。高活力玉米种子具有良好的抗逆境生存能力,在不利环境下也能成长为正常幼苗,保证玉米产量,减少许多地区玉米播种后发生出苗率大幅下降的现象。
影响种子活力的因素有很多,大致归为两种:内在因素和外在因素。内在因素主要由遗传基因决定,例如种子大小、化学成分含量等,同时也和种子生长发育状况相关:外在因素主要指种子的贮藏条件、机械损伤等。
目前,提高种子活力的方法有:设置适宜的贮藏条件,减缓种子活力下降的速度;通过添加一些化学药剂刺激种子萌发;或采用物理方法打破种子萌发的阻碍等。贮存条件的设置不能抑制种子活力的降低,而化学药剂通常仅是刺激种子发芽,提高发芽率,后期长势较差,难以实现高产的目的,物理方法容易造成种子的机械损伤等。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的问题,本发明的目的是提供一种提高玉米种子活力的复合型种衣剂,不仅能够提高种子的发芽率,还能提高玉米的产量,绿色安全,对环境无危害。
为了达到上述目的,本发明的技术方案为:
一种提高玉米种子活力的复合型种衣剂,包括以下重量百分比含量的各组分:
苯肽胺酸0.1~1.0%、细胞松弛素C 0.01~0.05%、香茅醇2~5%、氯吡脲0.1~0.3%、成膜剂6~10%、分散剂4~8%、增稠剂0.6~1.0%、碱性玫瑰精0.3~0.5%、水杨酸0.01~0.1%、微量元素0.01~0.1%、水余量。
在上述方案的基础上,所述成膜剂为聚乙烯醇共混改性成膜剂。
在上述方案的基础上,所述聚乙烯醇共混改性成膜剂是由10%聚乙烯醇、20%VAE和10%阿拉伯树胶按1:2:1质量比制备而成。
在上述方案的基础上,所述聚乙烯醇共混改性成膜剂制备方法为:
10%聚乙烯醇、20%VAE和10%阿拉伯树胶按1:2:1质量比混合,胶体磨绞磨10min,加入2%的分散剂,于12000r/min转速下高速剪切25min,即得。
在上述方案的基础上,所述分散剂为萘磺酸盐甲醛缩合物、木质素磺酸盐和脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚中一种或多种。
在上述方案的基础上,所述微量元素为硫酸锌、硫酸锰、硫酸铜、硼砂中的一种或多种。
在上述方案的基础上,所述增稠剂为硅酸镁铝、羟乙基纤维素和聚丙烯酰胺中的一种或多种。
在上述方案的基础上,所述提高玉米种子活力的复合型种衣剂的制备方法,步骤如下:
(1)10%聚乙烯醇、20%VAE和10%阿拉伯树胶按1:2:1质量比混合,胶体磨绞磨10min,加入2%的分散剂,于12000r/min转速下高速剪切25min,加入0.5%的碱性玫瑰精,在高速剪切组织分散机上分散25min;
(2)将细胞松弛素C与剩余的分散剂混合后,加入香茅醇、苯肽胺酸、氯吡脲、增稠剂、水杨酸、微量元素和水,高速剪切混合均匀,投入砂磨机中,进行砂磨2~3h,检测粒径合格后即可出料。
上述方法制备的复合型种衣剂在提高玉米种子活力、增加出苗率、提高产量中的应用。
一种提高玉米种子活力、增加出苗率、提高产量的方法,将上述方法制备的复合型种衣剂对玉米种子包衣处理,其中复合型种衣剂使用量为30g/kg玉米籽粒。
本发明技术方案的优点
本发明提高玉米种子活力的种衣剂中苯肽胺酸与细胞松弛素C协同作用,不仅能够提高包衣种子的细胞的活力,还能促进营养物质的转化,并向生长部位运输;此外,在香茅醇的作用下,能够增加种子对养料、水分的渗透性,进一步增加种子的活力。本发明制备的成膜剂对有效成分具有缓释作用,有效成分的缓慢释放不仅能够增加持药时间,防止药效过快的散失,还能够促进玉米苗根须系的建立,为后期的开花结果奠定基础。
本发明种衣剂中的氯吡脲和水杨酸作为植物生长调节剂,不仅能够促进细胞分裂,提高种子活力、提高出苗率,还能够调节植物的生长发育,诱导植物细胞分化与叶绿体的生成,从而增强植物的光合作用,有利于有机质的积累,从而促进植物体生长,提高生长性能和产量。水杨酸作为内生信号参与植物对病原体的抵御,通过诱导组织产生病程相关蛋白,当植物的一部分受到病原体感染时在其他部分产生抗性,此外水杨酸还能生成挥发性的水杨酸甲酯,不同植物间传递这一信号。
本发明种衣剂中的成膜剂采用聚乙烯醇共混改性成膜剂,该成膜剂成膜时间短、成膜均匀,脱落率低,各项指标均符合国家标准。此外,使用该成膜剂不仅对玉米种子安全,还能提高玉米种子的发芽率。
本发明种衣剂中各组分相互协同作用,不仅能够提高玉米种子活力,还能促进玉米种子根系的生长,培育健壮幼苗,提高玉米产量。本发明种衣剂包衣玉米种子,使玉米产量提高4.9%。
附图说明
图1苯肽胺酸的保持率随时间的变化趋势。
具体实施方式
在本发明中所使用的术语,除非有另外说明,一般具有本领域普通技术人员通常理解的含义。
下面结合具体实施例,并参照数据进一步详细的描述本发明。以下实施例只是为了举例说明本发明,而非以任何方式限制本发明的范围。
实施例1
聚乙烯醇共混改性成膜剂的制备方法,步骤如下:
称取10g的聚乙烯醇与90g蒸馏水混合,加热搅拌直至完全溶解,得质量分数10%聚乙烯醇。
其中所用聚乙烯醇为PVA17-92。
将VAE乳液在50℃温水中,经搅拌制备成质量分数20%的乳液备用。
将阿拉伯树胶配制成质量分数10%的溶液。
10%聚乙烯醇、20%VAE和10%阿拉伯树胶按1:2:1质量比混合,胶体磨绞磨10min,加入2%的分散剂,于12000r/min转速下高速剪切25min,即得。
实施例2
所述提高玉米种子活力的复合型种衣剂的制备方法,步骤如下:
(1)10%聚乙烯醇、20%VAE和10%阿拉伯树胶按1:2:1质量比混合,胶体磨绞磨10min,加入2%的分散剂,于12000r/min转速下高速剪切25min,加入0.5%的碱性玫瑰精,在高速剪切组织分散机上分散25min;
(2)将细胞松弛素C与剩余的分散剂混合后,加入香茅醇、苯肽胺酸、氯吡脲、增稠剂、水杨酸、微量元素和水,高速剪切混合均匀,投入砂磨机中,进行砂磨2~3h,检测粒径合格后即可出料。
一、不同分散剂对提高玉米种子活力的复合型种衣剂的影响
分别选择木质素磺酸钙、萘磺酸盐甲醛缩合物、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚作为分散剂,设置3个不同质量分数比例(6%、8%、10%),共配置9个配方,进行砂磨。对其悬浮率、分散性、热贮稳定性检测。结果如表1所示:
表1不同分散剂对提高玉米种子活力的复合型种衣剂的影响
由表1可知,采用木质素磺酸钙作为分散剂制备的种衣剂悬浮率好,在90%以上;6%和8%木质素磺酸钙作为分散剂,种衣剂的分散性和热贮稳定性好,符合国家标准,其中添加量为6%时,制备的种衣剂性能最好;采用4%萘磺酸盐甲醛缩合物作为分散剂制备的种衣剂悬浮率差,分散性和热贮稳定性也差;采用8%用量的脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚作为分散剂制备的种衣剂悬浮率和热贮稳定性差。
二、不同增稠剂对提高玉米种子活力的复合型种衣剂的影响
分别选择硅酸镁铝、羟乙基纤维素、聚丙烯酰胺作为增稠剂,设置3个不同质量分数比例,共配制9个配方,以分散剂的筛选结果为基础,进行砂磨。对其黏度、悬浮率、倾倒性、热贮稳定性测定。结果如表2所示:
表2不同增稠剂对提高玉米种子活力的复合型种衣剂的影响
由表2可知,采用聚丙烯酰胺作为增稠剂制备的种衣剂悬浮率好,在90%以上,黏度大于0.4Pa·s;倾倒性好,用量为0.6%时,热贮稳定性差,用量为0.8%时,制备的种衣剂性能最好;采用硅酸镁铝作为增稠剂制备的种衣剂黏度小于0.4Pa·s,悬浮率、倾倒性和热贮稳定性差;采用羟乙基纤维素作为增稠剂制备的种衣剂悬浮率低,用量为1.0%时,黏度为0.4Pa·s;倾倒性尚可,热贮稳定性差。
实施例3
一种提高玉米种子活力的复合型种衣剂,包括以下重量百分比含量的各组分:
苯肽胺酸0.1%、细胞松弛素C 0.05%、香茅醇5%、氯吡脲0.3%、成膜剂8%、分散剂6%、增稠剂0.8%、碱性玫瑰精0.3%、水杨酸0.01%、微量元素0.1%、水余量。
所述分散剂为木质素磺酸钙;
所述增稠剂为聚丙烯酰胺;
所述微量元素为硫酸锌。
实施例4
一种提高玉米种子活力的复合型种衣剂,包括以下重量百分比含量的各组分:
苯肽胺酸0.6%、细胞松弛素C 0.03%、香茅醇4.2%、氯吡脲0.2%、成膜剂8%、分散剂6%、增稠剂0.8%、碱性玫瑰精0.5%、水杨酸0.05%、微量元素0.05%、水余量。
所述分散剂为木质素磺酸钙;
所述增稠剂为聚丙烯酰胺;
所述微量元素为硫酸锌、硼砂按1:1的质量比组成。
实施例5
一种提高玉米种子活力的复合型种衣剂,包括以下重量百分比含量的各组分:
苯肽胺酸1.0%、细胞松弛素C 0.05%、香茅醇2%、氯吡脲0.1%、成膜剂8%、分散剂6%、增稠剂0.8%、碱性玫瑰精0.4%、水杨酸0.1%、微量元素0.01%、水余量。
所述分散剂为木质素磺酸钙;
所述增稠剂为聚丙烯酰胺;
所述微量元素为硫酸锌、硫酸锰、硫酸铜、硼砂按1:1:1:1的质量比组成。
三、成膜剂用量对复合型种衣剂的影响
将实施例4提高玉米种子活力的复合型种衣剂中成膜剂用量分别设定为4%、6%、8%、10%、12%,分别制备成复合型种衣剂对玉米种子(天泰15号,山东中农天泰种业有限公司)包衣处理,其中复合型种衣剂使用量为30g/kg玉米籽粒。包衣后的种子自然干燥。检测种衣剂的成膜性、包衣均匀度、包衣脱落率和发芽率如表3所示:
表3成膜剂用量对复合型种衣剂的影响
成膜剂用量 4% 6% 8% 10% 12%
成膜性 一般 合格 合格 合格 一般
包衣均匀度% 90 97 99 97 88
包衣脱落率% 3 3 2 2 11
发芽率% 93.2 98.0 98.9 98.5 90.1
由表3可知,成膜剂添加量为6~10%时,种子包衣的均匀度好、脱落率低;当成膜剂的用量低于6%或高于10%时,种子包衣的均匀度、脱落率比较差。
四、复合型种衣剂品质评价
将实施例3~5制备的复合型种衣剂对玉米种子(天泰15号,山东中农天泰种业有限公司)包衣处理,其中复合型种衣剂使用量为30g/kg玉米籽粒。包衣后的种子自然干燥。检测种衣剂的成膜性、包衣均匀度和包衣脱落率如表4所示:
表4复合型种衣剂的品质评价
项目 实施例3 实施例4 实施例5
成膜性 合格 合格 合格
包衣均匀度% 96 99 97
包衣脱落率% 4 2 2
由表4可知,本发明实施例3~5制备的复合型悬浮种衣剂各项指标均符合国家标准。
五、复合型种衣剂的缓释性评价
取实施例4的复合型种衣剂,对玉米种子(天泰15,山东中农天泰种业有限公司)进行包衣,其中复合型种衣剂使用量为30g/kg玉米籽粒。包衣后的种子自然干燥后,置于一定量去离子水中浸泡,分别于第1、5、10、15、20、25、30、35d取样,以苯肽胺酸为代表,采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱检测水溶液中苯肽胺酸的含量,计算它在种衣剂中的保持率,如图1所示。
由图1可知,本发明种衣剂中苯肽胺酸的保持率随着时间呈现缓慢下降趋势;在第1~20天,苯肽胺酸的保持率较20~35d缓慢,药效的缓慢释放有利于维持药性,降低药物的流失速度;持续药效的发挥时间,不仅能够防止药效过快的散失,还能够促进玉米苗根须系的建立,为后期的开花结果奠定基础。
六、复合型种衣剂对玉米种子活力的影响
试验地点山东平邑育种试验田,供试品种天泰16。
试验分组:
试验组:
实施例3~5的复合型种衣剂;
对照组:
1、实施例4不含有苯肽胺酸的种衣剂;
2、实施例4不含有细胞松弛素C的种衣剂;
3、实施例4不含有香茅醇的种衣剂;
4、实施例4不含有氯吡脲的种衣剂;
5、实施例4不含有微量元素的种衣剂;
6、实施例4不含有水杨酸的种衣剂;
7、空白对照(仅用成膜剂包衣)。
采用上述种衣剂对玉米种子(天泰16,山东中农天泰种业有限公司)包衣,自然干燥后播种;将种子播于沙层中,模拟田间条件发芽,25℃、12h光照条件下培养,第4天测定发芽势,第7天测定发芽率。每处理组选取有代表性的10株幼苗,测量苗鲜重、株高。并计算发芽指数和活力指数如表5所示:
表5复合型种衣剂对玉米种子活力的影响
发芽率(%) 发芽指数 苗干重(g) 株高(cm) 活力指数 根长(cm)
实施例3 95.33 14.21 0.178 18.1 2.53 34.5
实施例4 98.51 15.32 0.182 18.5 2.79 35.2
实施例5 97.15 14.76 0.180 18.4 2.66 34.9
对照组1 84.72 11.26 0.158 16.4 1.78 30.6
对照组2 86.47 11.95 0.161 16.6 1.92 31.2
对照组3 89.45 12.36 0.163 16.9 2.01 32.2
对照组4 90.64 12.54 0.171 17.4 2.14 33.8
对照组5 93.21 13.15 0.167 17.1 2.20 32.4
对照组6 91.85 12.81 0.172 17.2 2.20 33.4
空白对照 80.37 10.41 0.141 15.4 1.47 28.6
由表5可知,与对照组相比,本发明实施例3~5的种衣剂显著提高了种子的发芽率、发芽指数,其中实施例4组的发芽率最高达98.51%;与对照组相比,本发明实施例3~5组的种衣剂还能显著增加玉米幼苗的株高、干重和根长,活力指数显著增加,由此可知,本发明实施例3~5的种衣剂能够显著提高玉米种子的活力,其中实施例4的效果最优。
七、不同种衣剂对玉米种子出苗率和产量的影响
试验分组同六。
采用上述种衣剂对玉米种子(天泰16,山东中农天泰种业有限公司)包衣,自然干燥后播种;播种密度4000株/亩,行距0.8m,行长5m,穴距41.6cm,每穴2粒,每小区播种17行,小区面积68m2,每个处理重复三次;各组间随机排列,试验田四周设置保护行。试验中记录出苗率;收获后测定产量。
表6不同种衣剂对玉米种子出苗率和产量的影响
出苗率(%) 单产kg/亩 穗长cm 穗行数 百粒重g
实施例3 93.96 678 24.3 17.6 36.11
实施例4 97.42 687 24.5 17.8 36.45
实施例5 95.63 681 24.3 17.5 36.08
对照组1 83.14 660 23.8 16.9 34.76
对照组2 84.95 663 23.8 16.8 34.98
对照组3 87.68 665 24.0 17.0 35.11
对照组4 89.17 665 24.0 17.0 35.17
对照组5 92.11 671 24.1 17.2 35.76
对照组6 90.05 669 24.0 17.2 35.41
空白对照 78.59 655 23.5 16.7 34.25
由表6可知,本发明实施例3~5的种衣剂不仅能够提高玉米种子的活力,还能增加玉米的出苗率,提高玉米的产量,与空白对照相比,使用本发明实施例3~5种衣剂的玉米种子,产量提高3.5%以上,最高达4.9%。
以上所述,仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已,并非是对本发明作其它形式的限制,任何熟悉本专业的技术人员可能利用上述揭示的技术内容加以变更或改型为等同变化的等效实施例。但是凡是未脱离本发明技术方案内容,依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化与改型,仍属于本发明技术方案的保护范围。

Claims (10)

1.一种提高玉米种子活力的复合型种衣剂,其特征在于:包括以下重量百分比含量的各组分:
苯肽胺酸0.1~1.0%、细胞松弛素C 0.01~0.05%、香茅醇2~5%、氯吡脲0.1~0.3%、成膜剂6~10%、分散剂4~8%、增稠剂0.6~1.0%、碱性玫瑰精0.3~0.5%、水杨酸0.01~0.1%、微量元素0.01~0.1%、水余量。
2.根据权利要求1所述提高玉米种子活力的复合型种衣剂,其特征在于:所述成膜剂为聚乙烯醇共混改性成膜剂。
3.根据权利要求2所述提高玉米种子活力的复合型种衣剂,其特征在于:所述聚乙烯醇共混改性成膜剂是由10%聚乙烯醇、20%VAE和10%阿拉伯树胶按1:2:1质量比制备而成。
4.根据权利要求3所述提高玉米种子活力的复合型种衣剂,其特征在于:所述聚乙烯醇共混改性成膜剂制备方法为:
10%聚乙烯醇、20%VAE和10%阿拉伯树胶按1:2:1质量比混合,胶体磨绞磨10min,加入2%的分散剂,于12000r/min转速下高速剪切25min,即得。
5.根据权利要求1~4任一项所述提高玉米种子活力的复合型种衣剂,其特征在于:所述分散剂为萘磺酸盐甲醛缩合物、木质素磺酸盐和脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚中一种或多种。
6.根据权利要求1~4任一项所述提高玉米种子活力的复合型种衣剂,其特征在于:所述微量元素为硫酸锌、硫酸锰、硫酸铜、硼砂中的一种或多种。
7.根据权利要求1~4任一项所述提高玉米种子活力的复合型种衣剂,其特征在于:所述增稠剂为硅酸镁铝、羟乙基纤维素和聚丙烯酰胺中的一种或多种。
8.根据权利要求1~7任一项所述提高玉米种子活力的复合型种衣剂的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤如下:
(1)10%聚乙烯醇、20%VAE和10%阿拉伯树胶按1:2:1质量比混合,胶体磨绞磨10min,加入2%的分散剂,于12000r/min转速下高速剪切25min,加入0.5%的碱性玫瑰精,在高速剪切组织分散机上分散25min;
(2)将细胞松弛素C与剩余的分散剂混合后,加入香茅醇、苯肽胺酸、氯吡脲、增稠剂、水杨酸、微量元素和水,高速剪切混合均匀,投入砂磨机中,进行砂磨2~3h,检测粒径合格后即可出料。
9.权利要求8所述方法制备的复合型种衣剂在提高玉米种子活力、增加出苗率、提高产量中的应用。
10.一种提高玉米种子活力、增加出苗率、提高产量的方法,其特征在于:将权利要求8所述方法制备的复合型种衣剂对玉米种子包衣处理,其中复合型种衣剂使用量为30g/kg玉米籽粒。
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Application publication date: 20190122