CN109239636A - Vector network analyzer Electronic Calibration part based on more impedance states - Google Patents
Vector network analyzer Electronic Calibration part based on more impedance states Download PDFInfo
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- CN109239636A CN109239636A CN201811364112.XA CN201811364112A CN109239636A CN 109239636 A CN109239636 A CN 109239636A CN 201811364112 A CN201811364112 A CN 201811364112A CN 109239636 A CN109239636 A CN 109239636A
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- network analyzer
- vector network
- electronic
- calibration part
- module
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R35/00—Testing or calibrating of apparatus covered by the other groups of this subclass
- G01R35/005—Calibrating; Standards or reference devices, e.g. voltage or resistance standards, "golden" references
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of vector network analyzer Electronic Calibration part based on more impedance states, more particularly to vector network analyzer collimation technique field, it is mechanical calibration kits which solve existing vector network analyzer conventional calibration part, with the increase of number of use, abrasion will cause the deficiency of the difference between actual value and calibration value.The vector network analyzer Electronic Calibration part based on more impedance states, using the multifunction switch circuit built based on cascade single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) as core, and it is based on monolithic integrated optical circuit that biasing circuit and switching circuit is integrated on the same chip, chip includes at least four different impedance states, including several module cavitys, module cavity includes dual-port module cavity and four port module cavitys, and each module cavity includes control module and electronic standard module.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to vector network analyzer collimation technique fields, and in particular to a kind of vector based on more impedance states
Network Analyzer Electronic Calibration part.
Background technique
Electronic Calibration part is the novel calibration component of vector network analyzer, and inside shares more than ten of different impedance state.Root
According to the Comprehensive Assessment to characteristic, good, the in stable condition impedance state of four to eight isolations is chosen.The performance data of different conditions
It is stored in this Electronic Calibration part.I.e. a set of a set of performance data of Electronic Calibration part, and random device stores.If in use
Real side value and calibration value are variant, and user can self-calibration.
It is rushed in calibration, test and use process, can automatically switch and measures internal multiple and different impedance states.And it realizes
Port is detected automatically, the functions such as autoelectrinic calibration, while can also be used in mixed way with mechanical calibration kits.
Although mechanical calibration kits and Electronic Calibration part can both assist lattice gauge to complete to calibrate.But Electronic Calibration part connects
It connects simply, the repeatability error that mechanical calibration kits repeatedly connect introducing can be reduced, can also reduce and the technology of operator is wanted
It asks, and can be used in mixed way with mechanical calibration kits, solve the special test problems such as non-intrusive, multiport.Aspect is calibrated with regard to multiport,
Dual-port calibration: Electronic Calibration part only needs 1 connection, and mechanical calibration kits want 7 connections；Four ports calibration: Electronic Calibration part
It is also 1 connection, mechanical calibration kits want 18 connections.Therefore Electronic Calibration part represents vector network analyzer collimation technique
Advanced direction.
Vector network analyzer conventional calibration part be mechanical calibration kits, a whole set of calibration component include proven open circuit part,
Short-circuit part, load elements, straight-through part etc. and multipolarity adapter.
In a calibration process, each port requires to be separately connected open circuit part, short-circuit part, load elements, and every two port
Between be also required to connect straight-through part and measure.Although being handled by some particular algorithms, to a certain extent the company of can simplify
Step is connect, but can also reduce calibration accuracy simultaneously.Also, mechanical calibration kits performance data is provided by batch, with access times
Increase, abrasion will cause difference between actual value and calibration value.
Therefore in complicated multiport test and the measurement of non-intrusive device, the use of mechanical calibration kits is to a certain extent
Measuring accuracy and test complexity are constrained.
Summary of the invention
It is few the purpose of the present invention is in view of the above deficiencies, proposing a kind of connection number, it is easy to operate, machinery can be reduced
Calibration component repeatedly connects the repeatability error of introducing, can also reduce to the technical requirements of operator based on more impedance states
Vector network analyzer Electronic Calibration part.
The present invention specifically adopts the following technical scheme that
Vector network analyzer Electronic Calibration part based on more impedance states, with what is built based on cascade single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT)
Multifunction switch circuit is core, and biasing circuit and switching circuit is integrated in the same chip based on monolithic integrated optical circuit
On, including several module cavitys, module cavity include dual-port module cavity and four port module cavitys, each module cavity packet
Control module and electronic standard module are included, the control module includes CPU module, memory module, I/O mouthfuls of control modules and communication
Module, the electronic standard module include variable connector, transmission line and electronic standard, and electronic standard module includes several combination
Corresponding electronic standard is connected on port by electronic switch by electronic standard under the control of control module.
Preferably, each chip includes at least four different impedance states.
Preferably, each transistor is all made of tube core structure in the monolithic integrated optical circuit, and tube core structure is used is imitated based on field
Should pipe switching circuit, the substrate of chip uses GaAs.
Preferably, the vector network analyzer Electronic Calibration part and vector network analyzer based on more impedance states
Host transmits order and data by USB interface；During transmitting order and data, the vector network based on more impedance states point
Analyzer Electronic Calibration part includes two kinds of calibrating methods as Transfer Standards: the frequency of Electronic Calibration part module is obtained by theoretical calculation
Rate response；Build and utilize scaling system to complete calibration.
Preferably, build and utilize scaling system to complete calibration, i.e. selection high-precision calibration part is to vector network analyzer
It is calibrated, then the vector network analyzer is to the measured data of each state S parameter of electronic standard, as Electronic Calibration part
Scaling parameter be saved in calibration component internal storage.
Preferably, vector network analyzer is measured using the vector network analyzer Electronic Calibration part based on more impedance states
Residual error, utilize residual error determine the vector network analyzer Electronic Calibration part based on more impedance states complete machine
Energy.
Preferably, it is solved using the error coefficient method for solving for solving overdetermined equation based on least square and is based on more impedance shapes
Error coefficient in the vector network analyzer Electronic Calibration part of state.
Preferably, the process of error coefficient is solved are as follows:
A. using overdetermined equation error coefficient solving method carry out the solution of port error coefficient, obtain error coefficient directionality,
Source matching and reflection tracking；
B. Electronic Calibration part chooses pass-through state, the single port error term with solution, obtains in conjunction with calculating, positive load
Match, righting reflex tracking, reverse load matching, back reflection tracking error coefficient.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) the Electronic Calibration part, based on more impedance chips uses internal MMIC microwave chip, not by electronic switch switching
Same impedance state.The different impedance states of each chip port at least four, use minimum two in error coefficient solution procedure
The mode multiplied solves weighting over-determined systems；
2), Electronic Calibration part complete machine is demarcated by the way of auto-scaling, while being related to frequency range can not be in separate unit
It is realized on vector network analyzer, to carry out the processing of frequency range splicing；
3), using special test method, remaining miss is carried out to using the vector network analyzer after the calibration of Electronic Calibration part
Poor item index test, so that it is determined that Electronic Calibration part performance out；
4), vector network analyzer full-automatic electronic calibration component and electronics and mechanical mixing calibration function, and more measurements
Electron-like calibration function and mixing calibration function with mechanical calibration kits.
5), this technology can be applied to the vector network analyzer of multiple commercial vendors simultaneously, adaptable.
Compared to traditional mechanical calibration kits, the major advantage of this technology is to connect less, easy to operate, to operator's
Technical requirements are relatively low, the repeatability error that repeatedly connection introduces can be reduced, to improve measurement accuracy.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the vector network analyzer Electronic Calibration part functional block diagram based on more impedance states；
Fig. 2 is the vector network analyzer Electronic Calibration part schematic diagram based on more impedance states based on MMIC；
Fig. 3 is the vector network analyzer Electronic Calibration part control flow chart based on more impedance states；
Fig. 4 is calibration process and verifying flow chart.
Specific embodiment
A specific embodiment of the invention is described further in the following with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments:
As Figure 1-Figure 4, the vector network analyzer Electronic Calibration part based on more impedance states, based on cascade hilted broadsword
The multifunction switch circuit that commutator is built is core, and is integrated biasing circuit and switching circuit based on monolithic integrated optical circuit
On the same chip, chip includes at least four different impedance states, including several module cavitys, module cavity include both-end
Mouth mold block cavity and four port module cavitys, each module cavity include control module and electronic standard module, the control mould
Block includes CPU module, memory module, I/O mouthfuls of control modules and communication module, the electronic standard module include variable connector,
Transmission line and electronic standard, CPU module select the processor based on ARM7 to be designed, and memory module is fixed for Electronic Calibration part
The storage of data is marked, control module is responsible for being communicated with vector network analyzer host by USB interface.
Electronic standard module is made of high duplication variable connector, transmission line and electronic standard.Electronic standard module includes
Several combination standard, and under the control of control module, by electronic switch corresponding electronic standard be connected to port it
On.
Each transistor is all made of tube core structure in the monolithic integrated optical circuit, and tube core structure uses opening based on field-effect tube
The substrate on powered-down road, chip uses GaAs.Electronic Calibration part core is to be built based on cascade SPDT (single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT))
Multifunction switch circuit, and based on MMIC (monolithic integrated optical circuit) technology biasing circuit and switching circuit are integrated in it is same
On chip, compared with microwave hybrid circuit HMIC, MMIC has that volume is smaller, longer life expectancy, high reliablity, noise are low, function
The advantages that small, work limiting frequency is higher is consumed, because various transistors are all made of tube core structure in MMIC, member can be shortened
Interconnection line between part reduces solder joint and without case package parameter, to improve, limiting frequency, broadening working band, improve can
By property.GaAs (GaAs) material that chip substrate material uses has low-loss, high dielectric constant, and has well with metal
Adhesive force.It selects above, to use the switching circuit based on GaAs FET (field-effect tube) in tube core.It is opened with PIN diode
The advantages that pass is compared, and has biasing networks simple, and DC power is small, and circuit design is simple and switching speed is fast.It is opened by optimization
Topological structure is closed, is obtained using the series and parallel structure of three FET compared with filter with low insertion loss, high isolation and good return loss,
The chip return loss of final design is better than 15dB in full frequency band, and switch room isolation reaches 30dB.
The host of vector network analyzer Electronic Calibration part and vector network analyzer based on more impedance states passes through USB
Interface transmits order and data；During transmitting order and data, the vector network analyzer electronics school based on more impedance states
Quasi- part includes two kinds of calibrating methods as Transfer Standards: the frequency response of Electronic Calibration part module is obtained by theoretical calculation；It takes
Build and utilize scaling system to complete calibration.For Electronic Calibration part as Transfer Standards, Electronic Calibration part calibrating method is alternative
There are two types of, first is that obtaining the frequency response of Electronic Calibration part module by theoretical calculation；Second is that building and utilizing scaling system complete
At calibration, i.e. selection high-precision calibration part calibrates vector network analyzer, and then the vector network analyzer is to electronics
The measured data of each state S parameter of standard, the scaling parameter as Electronic Calibration part are saved in calibration component internal storage.
In view of the complexity of Electronic Calibration part impedance standard structure, and by the resistance of electronic switch, microstrip transmission line inside electronic module
The performance indicator of the restriction of the performance indicators such as anti-matching properties, insertion loss, insertion phase, Electronic Calibration part microwave module may
Meeting much deviation theory values.Therefore, it using second method, by the way that vector network analyzer can be traceable to, then is traceable to basic
The mode of physical quantity.
Build and utilize scaling system to complete calibration, i.e. selection high-precision calibration part carries out school to vector network analyzer
Standard, then calibration of the vector network analyzer to the measured data of each state S parameter of electronic standard, as Electronic Calibration part
Parameter is saved in calibration component internal storage.
Utilize the residue of the vector network analyzer Electronic Calibration part measurement vector network analyzer based on more impedance states
Error determines the overall performance of the vector network analyzer Electronic Calibration part based on more impedance states using residual error.Electronics
The residual error analytical technology of calibration be conducive to correctly to assess the confidence level of calibrating quality and measurement result, subsidiary person according to
Measurement result carries out correct decision.Meanwhile the analysis of residual error is conducive to be further improved calibration method, improve calibration
Quality.Residual error analysis can calculate remainder error item of the vector network analyzer after calibration.
Using Electronic Calibration part measure vector network analyzer, the residual error of analyzer determines Electronic Calibration part
Overall performance.By taking remaining directionality, source matching, reflection tracking error as an example.
Assuming that the use of three reflection coefficients being respectively Γ1, Γ2, Γ3Standard, corresponding error is respectively Δ 1, Δ 2, Δ 3.
Then, the relationship of the directionality of analyzer residual error, reflection tracking, source matching error and standard component reflection coefficient and corresponding error
It is:
D "=- (D1Γ1Γ3+D2Γ1Γ3+D3Γ1Γ2)
R "=1+D1(Γ2+Γ3)+D2(Γ1+Γ3)+D3(Γ1+Γ2)
Wherein:
The arrow based on more impedance states is solved using the error coefficient method for solving for solving overdetermined equation based on least square
Measure the error coefficient in Network Analyzer Electronic Calibration part.
In Electronic Calibration part, a variety of electronic standard states can be provided, the usual reflectance standard state of each port 4-8 and two
Transmission standard state between two-port.Therefore the error coefficient in Electronic Calibration is solved, is based on least square using one kind
Solve the error coefficient method for solving of overdetermined equation.The advantages of this least square solution is to reduce being not allowed for individual impedance states
It is really influenced caused by final calibration accuracy, solves the process of error coefficient are as follows:
A. using overdetermined equation error coefficient solving method carry out the solution of port error coefficient, obtain error coefficient directionality,
Source matching and reflection tracking；
B. Electronic Calibration part chooses pass-through state, the single port error term with solution, obtains in conjunction with calculating, positive load
Match, righting reflex tracking, reverse load matching, back reflection tracking error coefficient.
Electronic Calibration part can be universally used in international mainstream vector network analyzer, be PNA, ENA system of moral company including the U.S.
Column and R&S company of Germany.
Stored program control system and program-controlled order by mainstream vector network analyzer external disclosure, research and develop a set of external software,
It can be loaded directly into and be embedded in analyzer using vector network analyzer macroefficiency.Can support at present up to 16 ports it is complete from
Dynamic Electronic Calibration function.
Certainly, the above description is not a limitation of the present invention, and the present invention is also not limited to the example above, this technology neck
The variations, modifications, additions or substitutions that the technical staff in domain is made within the essential scope of the present invention also should belong to of the invention
Protection scope.
Claims (8)
1. the vector network analyzer Electronic Calibration part based on more impedance states, which is characterized in that based on cascade single-pole double throw
Switching the multifunction switch circuit built is core, and is integrated in biasing circuit and switching circuit together based on monolithic integrated optical circuit
On one chip, including several module cavitys, module cavity include dual-port module cavity and four port module cavitys, Mei Yimo
Block cavity includes control module and electronic standard module, and the control module includes CPU module, memory module, I/O mouthfuls of control moulds
Block and communication module, the electronic standard module includes variable connector, transmission line and electronic standard, if electronic standard module includes
A dry kind of combination electronic standard, under the control of control module, by electronic switch by corresponding electronic standard be connected to port it
On.
2. the vector network analyzer Electronic Calibration part based on more impedance states as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that every
One chip includes at least four different impedance states.
3. the vector network analyzer Electronic Calibration part based on more impedance states as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that institute
It states each transistor in monolithic integrated optical circuit and is all made of tube core structure, tube core structure uses the switching circuit based on field-effect tube, core
The substrate of piece uses GaAs.
4. the vector network analyzer Electronic Calibration part based on more impedance states as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that institute
The host for stating vector network analyzer Electronic Calibration part and vector network analyzer based on more impedance states is passed by USB interface
Pass order and data；During transmitting order and data, the vector network analyzer Electronic Calibration part based on more impedance states is made
Include two kinds of calibrating methods for Transfer Standards: obtaining the frequency response of Electronic Calibration part module by theoretical calculation；It builds and sharp
It completes to calibrate with scaling system.
5. the vector network analyzer Electronic Calibration part based on more impedance states as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that take
Build and utilize scaling system to complete calibration, i.e. selection high-precision calibration part calibrates vector network analyzer, then the arrow
Network Analyzer is measured to the measured data of each state S parameter of electronic standard, the scaling parameter as Electronic Calibration part is saved in
In calibration component internal storage.
6. the vector network analyzer Electronic Calibration part based on more impedance states as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that benefit
With the residual error of the vector network analyzer Electronic Calibration part measurement vector network analyzer based on more impedance states, using surplus
Remaining error determines the overall performance of the vector network analyzer Electronic Calibration part based on more impedance states.
7. the vector network analyzer Electronic Calibration part based on more impedance states as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that make
The vector network analysis based on more impedance states is solved with the error coefficient method for solving for solving overdetermined equation based on least square
Error coefficient in instrument Electronic Calibration part.
8. the vector network analyzer Electronic Calibration part based on more impedance states as claimed in claim 7, which is characterized in that ask
Solve the process of error coefficient are as follows:
A. the solution of port error coefficient is carried out using overdetermined equation error coefficient solving method, obtains error coefficient directionality, source
Match and reflection tracking；
B. Electronic Calibration part chooses pass-through state, the single port error term with solution, in conjunction with calculate obtain, positive load matched,
Righting reflex tracking, reverse load matching, back reflection tracking error coefficient.
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Cited By (4)
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| CN110780252A (en) * | 2019-11-11 | 2020-02-11 | 中北大学 | Electronic calibration piece based on single-pole double-throw switch cascade connection |
| CN112051534A (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2020-12-08 | 中电科仪器仪表有限公司 | External device and method for improving measurement and calibration precision of microwave network |
| CN112485740A (en) * | 2020-12-11 | 2021-03-12 | 上海创远仪器技术股份有限公司 | Method for realizing automatic port identification of electronic calibration part based on amplitude difference values of various impedance states |
| CN113359078A (en) * | 2021-04-28 | 2021-09-07 | 浙江铖昌科技股份有限公司 | Vector network analyzer calibration method based on sixteen-term error model |
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| CN110780252A (en) * | 2019-11-11 | 2020-02-11 | 中北大学 | Electronic calibration piece based on single-pole double-throw switch cascade connection |
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| CN112485740A (en) * | 2020-12-11 | 2021-03-12 | 上海创远仪器技术股份有限公司 | Method for realizing automatic port identification of electronic calibration part based on amplitude difference values of various impedance states |
| CN113359078A (en) * | 2021-04-28 | 2021-09-07 | 浙江铖昌科技股份有限公司 | Vector network analyzer calibration method based on sixteen-term error model |
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