CN109238924B - Device and method for testing rheological strength of seabed ultra-soft soil - Google Patents
Device and method for testing rheological strength of seabed ultra-soft soil Download PDFInfo
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- G01N11/10—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties by moving a body within the material
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- G01N11/10—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties by moving a body within the material
- G01N11/12—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties by moving a body within the material by measuring rising or falling speed of the body; by measuring penetration of wedged gauges
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Abstract
A device and a method for testing the rheological strength of extra-soft soil on the seabed belong to the technical field of testing the strength of soft soil on the seabed, and comprise a carrying platform, an attitude adjusting system, a rheological strength testing device, a control and injection system, a data acquisition and storage system, a paddle rotor and an automatic telescopic probe rod. The carrying platform conveys the device to the seabed to be tested to realize stable landing and safe recovery; the attitude adjustment system ensures that the device can vertically penetrate into the seabed; the rheological strength testing device inserts a fixed boundary circular tube and a four-blade paddle type rotor provided with an automatic telescopic probe rod into soil layers with multiple depths through a control and injection system to carry out two modes of tests; the data acquisition and storage system is responsible for acquiring, recording and transmitting data; and carrying out analysis and application based on the test data. The invention can realize the test of the rheological strength of the seabed ultra-soft soil covering the full shear rate range, and has the advantages of high independence, simple connection, automatic operation and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of testing of seabed soft soil strength, and relates to testing and research of rheological strength characteristics of seabed soft soil under different shear rate conditions, in particular to seabed ultra-soft soil with high water content, high pore ratio, high sensitivity and high compressibility.
Background
Ultra-Soft Soil (Ultra-Soft Soil) refers to muddy clay and sludge which are not consolidated by coastal facies, lake and marsh facies and delta facies recently deposited since the fourth brand new age (Q4), and sludge and sludges formed in the process of reclamation and reclamation of land by sea [ Ye Guerang, Guo Zhi Jun, Zhu Guangting ] Ultra-Soft Soil engineering property analysis [ J ] China harbor construction, 2010(5):1-9 ]. For marine geotechnics, shallow surface sediments on the seabed, debris flow and mud flow evolved by seabed landslides are more suitably defined as ultra-soft soil, i.e. seabed ultra-soft soil. The seabed ultra-soft soil has the characteristics of high water content (more than 70 percent), high porosity ratio (more than or equal to 2.0), extremely low natural strength (less than 5kPa), high liquid limit (liquidity index), high sensitivity, high compressibility, poor permeability, small consolidation coefficient and the like.
At present, the nation vigorously advances the project of constructing oceanic strong countries, and oceanographic engineering construction such as the development of fire. However, the seabed geological conditions are extremely complex, especially in deep sea areas with abundant oil and gas resources, where extensive seabed ultra-soft soil is distributed. Once engineering construction is carried out or dynamic loads such as earthquake are encountered, the seabed super-soft soil layer is disturbed, and further softening [ BiscontinG, Pestana J M, Nadim F. Seismic triggerring of sub-Marine slides in soft Marine soil depots [ J ]. Marine geography, 2004,203(3):341 + 354 ] is realized instead of liquefaction (liquefaction generally refers to non-cohesive soil), the strength is rapidly reduced, so that seabed foundation failure is caused, and serious seabed landslide is evolved into seabed landslide (seabed landslide can damage large-scale Marine engineering facilities, and even large-scale tsunami is induced). In order to quantify the mechanical properties of the seabed ultra-soft soil, the rheological strength parameters (including rheological strength, shear rate and apparent viscosity) play a crucial role. The rheological strength parameters of the seabed ultra-soft soil can guide and serve the evaluation of marine geological disasters before oil and gas resource exploitation, the design and construction of seabed structures such as anchoring systems of oil and gas exploitation platforms, seabed pipelines and the like.
However, current testing approaches are as follows: static Cone Penetration Test (CPT), full flow penetration test (T-bar/Ball), and cross plate shear test (VST) can only be performed at a very low shear rate (generally < 0.2 s)-1) The test is carried out under the condition of (1), and the rheological strength test with a slightly high shear rate is difficult to carry out; and continuous testing of ultra-soft soil at a certain station and a certain depth under the condition of different shear rates cannot be realized. For example, for a torpedo anchor (0.76-1.2 m in diameter) in a subsea anchoring system, the penetration rate can reach 30m/s, and the shear rate of ultra-soft soil can reach 40s-1(ii) a For disaster evaluation of a pipe cable (diameter of 0.1-1m) system, the impact speed of the submarine landslide can reach 10m/s, and the shear rate of the ultra-soft soil can reach 100s-1. Based on the above mentioned engineering background, the shear rate of the current field test means still differs by 2-3 orders of magnitude, and the in-situ test requirement of the seabed ultra-soft soil is difficult to meet. Therefore, the deep research on the seabed ultra-soft soil is urgent, and particularly, the development of a method capable of testing different shear rates is needed as soon as possibleAnd the in-situ test device for the rheological strength characteristic of the seabed super-soft soil.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects of the current seabed super-soft soil rheological strength test, the in-situ test device capable of testing the seabed super-soft soil rheological strength of the same station and a plurality of different depths is provided, the in-situ test device has the test capability of covering the full shear rate range required by engineering, the principle and the using method of the in-situ test device are elaborated, and the further application of the test result is realized, so that the requirements of ocean engineering construction and seabed geological disaster evaluation are met.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a seabed ultra-soft soil rheological intensity testing device comprises a carrying platform 1, an attitude adjusting system 2, a rheological intensity testing device 3, a control and injection system 4, a data acquisition and storage system 5, a paddle type rotor 7 and an automatic telescopic probe rod 8.
The carrying platform 1 can carry the rheological strength testing device 3 to the seabed surface of the sea area to be tested and realize stable landing and safe recovery for many times. Furthermore, the carrying platform 1 is able to provide the counter force required by the rheology strength testing device 3. According to the water depth condition and the geological environment of the sea area to be detected, the carrying platform can select a deep-water lander Skyline number, a carrier in-situ experiment number, a lander sea corner number, a full-sea-depth autonomous remote control underwater robot sea bucket number, a deep-sea key technology and equipment field national key research and development plan 'in-situ testing device for mechanical properties of seabed sediments' and the like.
The attitude adjusting system 2 is of a connecting rod structure, and the carrying platform 1 is connected with the top end of the rheological strength testing device 3 through the attitude adjusting system 2; the attitude adjustment system 2 can receive signals from the control and penetration system 4 after the carrying platform 1 lands stably to form mutual feedback, and the flatness of the rheological strength testing device 3 is ensured by adjusting the lengths and the angles of the four connecting rods in the attitude adjustment system 2 respectively, so that the rheological strength testing device 3 can be vertically penetrated into a seabed.
The rheological strength testing device 3 can send the paddle rotor 7 into a plurality of soil layers with different depths through the automatic telescopic feeler lever 8 so as to carry out rheological strength testing. A control and injection system 4 and a data acquisition and storage system 5 are arranged on two sides of the rheological strength testing device 3; the middle part is provided with a paddle rotor 7 and an automatic telescopic feeler lever 8; they are connected by means of data and signal transmission mode and can be worked together.
The control and penetration system 4 can receive attitude data from the attitude adjustment system 2, so as to control the attitude adjustment system 2 and ensure the working position of the rheological strength testing device 3; the penetration of the fixed boundary circular tube 6 and the automatic telescopic probe 8 carrying the paddle rotor 7 to the same station and a plurality of specified depths can be realized, and the penetration depth (h) is recordedw+hs+ H), recovering after the test is finished, and testing the next station; the data feedback of the data acquisition and storage system 5 can be received; more importantly, the rotation of the paddle rotor 7 and the automatic telescopic probe 8 can be realized respectively through two modes of stress control (applying a rotating moment with a fixed strength gradient and recording an angular velocity) and strain control (applying an angular velocity with a fixed shear rate gradient and recording a rotating moment), and the test can be carried out.
The data acquisition and storage system 5 can respectively record the received torque M' and the rotating angular velocity omega through an internal torque sensor and a rotating displacement sensor, record and store the data, and transmit the data to the control system to realize mutual feedback control.
The middle part of the rheological strength testing device 3 can also be provided with a fixed boundary circular tube 6 which can automatically stretch and retract, so that the shearing rate can be calculated more accurately, and a paddle rotor 7 and an automatic stretching feeler lever 8 are arranged at the central axis of the fixed boundary circular tube 6; the fixed boundary circular tube 6 and the paddle rotor 7 are simultaneously inserted into soil layers with multiple depths, and two modes of tests are carried out. And selecting whether to penetrate according to the actual engineering requirement. The fixed boundary circular tube 6 can be properly adjusted according to the size and the actual engineering of the paddle rotor 7.
The paddle type rotor 7 is a tool for testing the rheological strength of the seabed ultra-soft soil, and the size of the paddle type rotor is adjusted according to the information of a soil layer to be tested. It is recommended that the ratio of the height H to the diameter D be taken to be 2; the higher the strength of the soil layer, the smaller the size of the paddle rotor 7 should be. The paddle type rotor (7) is of a four-blade structure.
The automatic telescopic probe rod 8 is used for connecting the paddle rotor 7 with the rheological strength testing device 3, and the paddle rotor 7 is inserted into a plurality of soil layers with different depths and is brought back to the rheological strength testing device 3.
A method for testing rheological strength of seabed super-soft soil comprises the following steps:
firstly, selecting a proper carrying platform 1 according to the conditions of the water depth and the like of the seabed; and according to the related engineering background, presetting the information of a test mode, whether the fixed boundary circular tube 6 is penetrated, the size and the penetration depth of the paddle rotor 7 and the like. Secondly, the rheological strength testing device 3 is lowered to a designated place through the carrying platform 1, and the testing and recycling device is developed. And finally, calculating, processing and analyzing the data according to the data in the data acquisition and storage system 5, providing related evaluation parameters and guiding engineering design and scientific research. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
the rheological strength is calculated by the formulaFurther can be simplified intoThe shear rate is calculated by the formulaAndthe apparent viscosity is calculated by the formula
Wherein s isuThe rheological strength is the rheological strength of the ultra-soft soil, Pa; m' is the torque recorded by a torque sensor inside the device, N.m; d0The diameter of the automatic telescopic probe is m; h iswFor automatically extending or retracting probe in sea waterLength, m; mu.swIs the viscosity of seawater, Pa.s;is the shear rate of seawater, s-1；The average value, Pa, of the rheological strength of the soil layer which is measured by covering the same station; h issThe length of the probe rod in the soil is automatically extended and contracted, m; h and D are the height and diameter, m, of the paddle rotor respectively;shear rate of ultra-soft soil, s-1；KγIs the shear rate constant; omega is the angular velocity, rad/s, recorded by a rotary displacement sensor inside the device; r is the radius of the four-bladed paddle rotor, m; r is the radius of the boundary circular tube, m; mu.sappIs the apparent viscosity of the ultra-soft soil, Pa · s.
The invention has the advantages that: each system of the device has high independence, simple connection and low cost, and is convenient for engineering practice and scientific research and application; the operation is convenient, and after the land is set, the whole automatic operation can be realized after water enters; the testing range is wide, and the rheological strength parameters and the evolution process of the rheological strength parameters in the full range of the shear rate urgently needed by the current engineering can be tested.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic overall view of the apparatus;
FIG. 2 is a top view of the apparatus;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional and schematic view of the device in use;
in the figure: 1 carrying platform; 2, an attitude adjusting system; 3 a rheological strength testing device; 4, controlling and penetrating the system; 5, a data acquisition and storage system; 6 fixing a boundary circular tube; a 7-paddle rotor; 8, automatically extending and retracting the probe rod.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings.
A device and a method for testing rheological strength of seabed ultra-soft soil comprise a carrying platform, an attitude adjusting system, a rheological strength testing device, a control and injection system, a data acquisition and storage system, a fixed boundary circular tube, a four-blade paddle rotor and an automatic telescopic probe rod. According to the conditions of seabed geological conditions, water depth and the like, a proper carrying platform 1 is selected. According to the requirements of related engineering background and testing precision, a testing mode is preset, the parameters such as yield stress and the like under the condition of low shear rate of a general stress control type test are better, and the rheological strength and viscosity parameters under the conditions of medium and high shear rates of a strain control type test are better; whether the fixed boundary circular tube 6 is penetrated is selected, and the calculated shearing rate value of the general fixed boundary circular tube 6 is more accurate; the size of the paddle rotor 7 is selected, and the height is 10cm and the diameter is 5 cm; the penetration depth is selected, the depth which can be tested is not limited theoretically, but is limited by the counterforce provided by the carrying platform 1, the depth which can be tested is limited, the test is recommended to be carried out at least once every 2-3 times of the height of the rotor (when the first depth test is carried out, the complete insertion into the soil layer is ensured), and the ultra-soft soil current variable strength parameters of the same station and a plurality of different depths can be measured. After all preparation conditions are well prepared, the rheological strength testing device 3 is placed to a specified place through the carrying platform 1, the rheological strength testing device 3 automatically adjusts the posture to carry out the test (after the suggestion is penetrated to the target depth, the test is carried out after stopping for 2-3min, and the test is finished within 5 min), then the device is automatically recovered, the device is carried to the next site through the carrying platform to carry out the test, and after all sites are tested, water is recovered. And finally, disassembling, maintaining and storing the device on the land, reading the data in the data acquisition and storage system 5, sorting and analyzing the data, providing relevant evaluation parameters and calculation models, and guiding engineering design and scientific research.
The rheological strength, shear rate and apparent viscosity of the seabed ultra-soft soil are calculated according to the following formula.
M′＝Mw+Ms+M (1.1)
In the formula: m' is the torque recorded by a torque sensor inside the device, N.m; mwThe torque N.m is the torque applied by the automatic telescopic probe rod in the seawater; msThe torque N.m is the torque applied by the automatic telescopic probe rod in the soil; m is the torque received by the four-blade paddle rotor in the soil, N.m; tau iswIs the shear stress of seawater, Pa; d0The diameter of the automatic telescopic probe is m; h iswThe length of the automatic telescopic probe rod in the seawater can be determined according to the initial position and data in a control and penetration system, and m is obtained; mu.swIs the viscosity of seawater, Pa.s;the shear rate of seawater can be the shear rate of ultra-soft soils-1；Average value of measured soil layer rheological strength for the same stationWhen no tested soil layer is covered (namely the station is tested for the first time) is taken as su，Pa；hsThe length of the probe rod in the soil can be automatically stretched and determined according to the initial position and data in a control and injection system, and m is obtained; suThe rheological strength is the rheological strength of the ultra-soft soil, Pa; h and D are the height and diameter, m, of the paddle rotor respectively;shear rate of ultra-soft soil, s-1；KγIs the shear rate constant, which is a function of the radius R of the four-bladed paddle rotor and the radius R of the boundary tube, K when no penetration into the boundary tube occursγ0.2094 is taken; omega is the angular velocity, rad/s, recorded by a rotary displacement sensor inside the device; r is the radius of the four-bladed paddle rotor, m; r is the radius of the boundary circular tube, m; mu.sappIs the apparent viscosity of the ultra-soft soil, Pa · s.
For engineering application, the calculation formula of the rheological strength of the ultra-soft soil can be simplified as follows.
And fitting the test result to obtain a numerical rheological strength model. It is recommended to use a Bingham model of rheology or a Herschel-Bulkley model of rheology for fitting. The expression of the Herschel-Bulkley rheologic strength model is as follows.
In the formula: tau isyIs the yield stress, Pa; k is the consistency factor, Pa · s; n is the rheology index and the Herschel-Bulkley model degrades to the Bingham model when n is 1.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express the embodiments of the present invention, but not should be understood as the limitation of the scope of the invention patent, it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, many variations and modifications can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all fall into the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The device for testing the rheological strength of the seabed ultra-soft soil is characterized by comprising a carrying platform (1), a posture adjusting system (2), a rheological strength testing device (3), a control and injection system (4), a data acquisition and storage system (5), a paddle rotor (7) and an automatic telescopic probe rod (8);
the carrying platform (1) is used for conveying the rheological strength testing device (3) to the surface of the seabed of the sea area to be tested and realizing multiple stable landings and safe recovery;
the attitude adjustment system (2) is of a connecting rod structure, the carrying platform (1) is connected with the rheological strength testing device (3) through the attitude adjustment system (2), the attitude adjustment system (2) can receive signals from the control and injection system (4) after the carrying platform (1) lands, and feeds own attitude data back to the control and injection system (4) to form mutual feedback, the flatness of the rheological strength testing device (3) is ensured by adjusting the length and the angle of a connecting rod in the attitude adjustment system (2), and the rheological strength testing device (3) can be ensured to be vertically injected into a seabed;
the rheological strength testing device (3) is connected with each other in a data and signal transmission mode, works in a cooperative mode to carry out testing, a control and injection system (4) and a data acquisition and storage system (5) are respectively arranged on two sides of the rheological strength testing device, an automatic telescopic probe rod (8) is arranged in the middle of the rheological strength testing device, the automatic telescopic probe rod (8) is connected with a paddle type rotor (7), and the paddle type rotor (7) is used for testing the rheological strength of the seabed ultra-soft soil;
the control and penetration system (4) is used for receiving attitude data of the attitude adjustment system (2) and further ensuring the working position of the rheological strength testing device (3) by controlling the attitude adjustment system (2); the automatic telescopic probe rod (8) carrying the paddle rotor (7) is also controlled to penetrate into a plurality of soil layers with specified depth at the same station, the penetration depth is recorded, and the probe rod is recovered after the test is finished to test the next station; the rotation of the paddle rotor (7) and the automatic telescopic probe rod (8) can be tested through two test modes; the data feedback of the data acquisition and storage system (5) can be received;
the data acquisition and storage system (5) respectively records the received torque and the rotating angular velocity through the internal torque sensor and the internal rotary displacement sensor, records and stores data, and transmits the data to the control and injection system (4) to realize mutual feedback control.
2. The device for testing the rheological strength of the extra-soft soil on the sea bottom according to claim 1, wherein the two test modes of the control and penetration system (4) are respectively as follows: a stress control mode in which a rotational torque is applied with a fixed intensity gradient to record angular velocity, and a strain control mode in which a rotational torque is applied with a fixed shear rate gradient to record angular velocity.
3. The submarine ultra-soft soil rheology strength testing device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the middle of the rheology strength testing device (3) is further provided with a fixed boundary circular tube (6) capable of automatically stretching, and a paddle rotor (7) and an automatically stretching probe rod (8) are arranged at the central axis of the fixed boundary circular tube (6); the fixed boundary circular tube (6) and the paddle rotor (7) are simultaneously inserted into soil layers with multiple depths, and two modes of tests are carried out.
4. The submarine ultra-soft soil current variation strength test device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the paddle rotor (7) is of a four-blade structure.
5. The submarine ultra-soft soil current variation strength test device according to claim 3, wherein the paddle rotor (7) is of a four-blade structure.
6. The method for testing the rheological strength of the extra-soft soil on the seabed by using the testing device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, selecting a proper carrying platform (1) according to the water depth of the sea bottom; according to the related engineering background, a test mode is preset, and whether a fixed boundary circular tube (6) and the size and the penetration depth of a paddle rotor (7) are penetrated or not is preset; secondly, the rheological strength testing device (3) is placed to a designated place through the carrying platform (1), and the testing and recovery device is carried out; and finally, calculating, processing and analyzing the data according to the data in the data acquisition and storage system (5):
the rheological strength is calculated by the formulaFurther can be simplified intoThe shear rate is calculated by the formulaAndthe apparent viscosity is calculated by the formula
Wherein s isuThe rheological strength is the rheological strength of the ultra-soft soil, Pa; m' is the torque recorded by a torque sensor inside the device, N.m; d0The diameter of the automatic telescopic probe is m; h iswThe length of the probe rod in seawater is automatically extended and contracted, m; mu.swIs the viscosity of seawater, Pa.s;is the shear rate of seawater, s-1；The average value, Pa, of the rheological strength of the soil layer which is measured by covering the same station; h issThe length of the probe rod in the soil is automatically extended and contracted, m; h and D are the height and diameter, m, of the paddle rotor respectively;shear rate of ultra-soft soil, s-1；KγIs the shear rate constant; omega is the angular velocity, rad/s, recorded by a rotary displacement sensor inside the device; r is the radius of the four-bladed paddle rotor, m; r is the radius of the boundary circular tube, m; mu.sappIs the apparent viscosity of the ultra-soft soil, Pa · s.
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