CN109238319A - 一种光纤声温压复合传感器 - Google Patents

一种光纤声温压复合传感器 Download PDF

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CN109238319A
CN109238319A CN201810813534.4A CN201810813534A CN109238319A CN 109238319 A CN109238319 A CN 109238319A CN 201810813534 A CN201810813534 A CN 201810813534A CN 109238319 A CN109238319 A CN 109238319A
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刘鹏飞
郝凤欢
李博
冯亚非
桑卫兵
李海洋
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715th Research Institute of CSIC
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    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
    • G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
    • G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
    • G01D5/353—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
    • G01D5/35383—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using multiple sensor devices using multiplexing techniques
    • G01D5/35387—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using multiple sensor devices using multiplexing techniques using wavelength division multiplexing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
    • G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
    • G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
    • G01D5/353—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
    • G01D5/35306—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using an interferometer arrangement
    • G01D5/35325—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using an interferometer arrangement using interferometer with two arms in reflection, e.g. Mickelson interferometer

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种光纤声温压复合传感器，主要包括光纤光栅解调仪、窄线宽光源、光纤合束器、光纤光栅温度传感器、光纤光栅压力传感器、光纤隔离器、光纤耦合器、传感臂、参考臂、法拉第旋转镜A、法拉第旋转镜B、光纤滤波器、光纤水听器解调仪。本发明基于波分复用光纤光栅和迈克尔逊干涉仪，提高海洋声温压探测系统的集成化程度，集成了光纤温度传感器、光纤压力传感器和光纤水听器，通过将光纤光栅温度压力传感器与迈克尔逊光纤水听器以波分复用方式串联，可以同时监测水下温度、压力、以及声信号，并有效的对水下声信号的频率进行识别，光纤光栅与光纤水听器光信号完全独立，互相不受干扰，为海洋信息提取提供技术手段。

Description

一种光纤声温压复合传感器
技术领域
本发明涉及光纤传感器技术的领域，具体涉及一种光纤声温压复合传感器。
背景技术
海水的温度、深度、水声信号是海洋信息的重要物理参数，对研究海洋学、海洋环境和气候及军事、渔业等具有十分重要的意义。光纤光栅温度、压力传感器利用光纤光栅反射光波长随温度、应力变化的特性，实现温度、压力(深度)等物理量的测量，具有抗干扰能力强、灵敏度高、体积小、易组成传感网络等特点。光纤水听器利用激光在传感光纤中传播的光程变化对声压异常敏感的特性，将水声振动转化为光相位变量，再通过光电检测和解调提取出目标声压信号，具有灵敏度高、频响范围宽、结构轻巧、易于大规模成阵、抗电磁干扰能力强、耐恶劣环境等优点。
将光纤光栅温度、压力传感器与光纤水听器集成构成的光纤温深压复合传感器由于采用全光学器件，不受电磁干扰、安全可靠，适合对海洋温度、压力(深度)、声信号进行连续监测。目前报道的光纤声温压复合传感器大多采用光纤光栅传感器与光纤水听器独立式结构，光纤光栅传感器与光纤水听器分别独立连接至相应解调设备，光纤声温压复合传感器探头连接的光纤通道数较多，探头对接复杂度较高，传感器系统的集成化程度较低。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术存在的不足，而提供一种光纤声温压复合传感器。
本发明的目的是通过如下技术方案来完成的：这种光纤声温压复合传感器，主要包括光纤光栅解调仪、窄线宽光源、光纤合束器、光纤光栅温度传感器、光纤光栅压力传感器、光纤隔离器、光纤耦合器、传感臂、参考臂、法拉第旋转镜A、法拉第旋转镜B、光纤滤波器、光纤水听器解调仪，光纤光栅解调仪的出射端与窄线宽光源的出射端分别连接光纤合束器的两端进行光束合波，光纤合束器出射端连接光纤光栅温度传感器和光纤光栅压力传感器，光纤光栅压力传感器的出光端与光纤隔离器的入光端连接，光纤隔离器的出光端与光纤耦合器的入光端的其中一根光纤连接，光纤耦合器的出光端的两根光纤其中一根连接传感臂和法拉第旋转镜A，另一根连接参考臂和法拉第旋转镜B，光纤耦合器、法拉第旋转镜A、法拉第旋转镜B、传感臂、参考臂共同构成光纤水听器，光纤耦合器的入光端的另一端与光纤滤波器的一端连接，光纤滤波器的另一端与光纤水听器解调仪连接。
所述光纤光栅解调仪包括但不限于任何可以测量无源光纤光栅传感器的波长测量的光纤光栅解调仪、多波长计、光谱仪。
所述光纤水听器解调仪包括但不限于用于Michelson干涉型水听器解调的解调设备。
所述光纤光栅温度传感器包括但不限于各种封装形式，光纤光栅压力传感器包括但不限于采用不同温度补偿形式。
所述光纤滤波器包括但不限于波分复用器和其他光学滤波器件。
所述光纤耦合器为2×2耦合器，分光比包括但不限于50:50。
所述传感臂和参考臂的光纤长度为光纤水听器水声信号测量干涉需要的对应长度。
所述光纤光栅解调仪的光源与波长应不同于窄线宽光源波长，以便于进行波分复用。
所述光纤水听器包括但不限于利用Michelson干涉原理封装成的不同臂差光纤水听器件，光纤水听器解调包括但不限于PGC解调方法。
本发明的有益效果为：
1、本发明基于波分复用光纤光栅和迈克尔逊干涉仪，提高海洋声温压探测系统的集成化程度，集成了光纤温度传感器、光纤压力传感器和光纤水听器，通过将光纤光栅温度压力传感器与迈克尔逊光纤水听器以波分复用方式串联，可以同时监测水下温度、压力、以及声信号，并有效的对水下声信号的频率进行识别，光纤光栅与光纤水听器光信号完全独立，互相不受干扰，为海洋信息提取提供技术手段。
2、本发明采用技术较为成熟的光纤光栅温度传感器、光纤光栅压力传感器用于温度、压力测量，具有体积小、重量轻、便于复用等特点；通过波分复用将光纤光栅温度传感器、压力传感器与光纤水听器串联，增加了传感器系统的复用度，简化了系统光路；减少了光纤声温压复合传感器探头连接的光纤通道数，可以有效降低探头对接复杂度、减小连接器尺寸，以及避免使用光学性能难以提高的多芯接插件。
3、本发明光纤声温压复合传感器系统结构简单，集成度高，基于现有传感器及解调设备，具有工程实用价值。
附图说明
图1为本发明的系统示意图。
附图标记说明：光纤光栅解调仪1、窄线宽光源2、光纤合束器3、光纤光栅温度传感器4、光纤光栅压力传感器5、光纤隔离器6、光纤耦合器7、传感臂8、参考臂9、法拉第旋转镜A10、法拉第旋转镜B11、光纤滤波器12、光纤水听器解调仪13。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图对本发明做详细的介绍：
实施例：如附图所示，这种光纤声温压复合传感器，主要包括光纤光栅解调仪1、窄线宽光源2、光纤合束器3、光纤光栅温度传感器4、光纤光栅压力传感器5、光纤隔离器6、光纤耦合器7、传感臂8、参考臂9、法拉第旋转镜A10、法拉第旋转镜B11、光纤滤波器12、光纤水听器解调仪13，光纤光栅解调仪1用于光纤光栅温度传感器4、光纤光栅压力传感器5信号解调，光纤光栅解调仪1的出射端与窄线宽光源2的出射端分别连接光纤合束器3的两端进行光束合波，窄线宽光源2用于产生光纤水听器干涉所需的单波长光源信号，光纤合束器3出射端连接光纤光栅温度传感器4和光纤光栅压力传感器5，光纤光栅温度传感器4、光纤光栅压力传感器5分别用于海洋温度、深度测量，光纤光栅压力传感器5的出光端与光纤隔离器6的入光端连接，光纤隔离器6用于阻止光纤水听器干涉光返回至光纤光栅解调仪1，光纤隔离器6的出光端与光纤耦合器7的入光端的其中一根光纤连接，光纤耦合器7的出光端的两根光纤其中一根连接传感臂8和法拉第旋转镜A10，另一根连接参考臂9和法拉第旋转镜B11，光纤耦合器7、法拉第旋转镜A10、法拉第旋转镜B11、传感臂8、参考臂9共同构成光纤水听器，用于水声信号探测，光纤耦合器7的入光端的另一端与光纤滤波器12的一端连接，光纤滤波器12的另一端与光纤水听器解调仪13连接。
所述光纤光栅解调仪1包括但不限于任何可以测量无源光纤光栅传感器的波长测量的光纤光栅解调仪、多波长计、光谱仪。
所述光纤水听器解调仪13包括但不限于用于Michelson干涉型水听器解调的解调设备。
所述光纤光栅温度传感器4包括但不限于各种封装形式，光纤光栅压力传感器5包括但不限于采用不同温度补偿形式。
所述光纤滤波器12包括但不限于波分复用器等光学滤波器件。
所述光纤耦合器7为2×2耦合器，分光比包括但不限于50:50。
所述传感臂8和参考臂9的光纤长度为光纤水听器水声信号测量干涉需要的对应长度。
所述光纤光栅解调仪1的光源与波长应不同于窄线宽光源2波长，以便于进行波分复用。窄线宽光源2的波长不在光纤光栅解调仪1的扫描光谱范围之内，光纤滤波器12将光纤光栅解调仪1出射光谱滤除，将光纤水听器干涉光信号通过，并进入光纤水听器解调仪13解调得到相应的水声信息。一个具体实例为：光纤光栅解调仪1光源为C波段，窄线宽光源2为1310nm波段。
所述光纤水听器包括但不限于利用Michelson干涉原理封装成的不同臂差光纤水听器件，光纤水听器解调包括但不限于PGC解调方法
本发明包括光纤光栅温度压力传感器及解调、光纤水听器及解调两个部分。光纤光栅解调仪1和窄线宽光源2出射的光经过光纤合束器3进行合波后进入光纤光栅温度传感器4、光纤光栅压力传感器5，光纤光栅温度传感器4、光纤光栅压力传感器5通过光纤光栅测量得到具有温度、压力(深度)信息的波长信号并将其返回至光纤光栅解调仪1。光纤光栅压力传感器5透射出的光经过光纤隔离器6后进入光纤水听器并在光纤耦合器7处发生干涉。带有水声信息的干涉信号光进入光纤滤波器12，滤除光纤光栅解调仪1出射光谱后返回至光纤水听器解调仪13进行水声信号解调。
可以理解的是，对本领域技术人员来说，对本发明的技术方案及发明构思加以等同替换或改变都应属于本发明所附的权利要求的保护范围。

Claims (9)

1.一种光纤声温压复合传感器，其特征在于：主要包括光纤光栅解调仪(1)、窄线宽光源(2)、光纤合束器(3)、光纤光栅温度传感器(4)、光纤光栅压力传感器(5)、光纤隔离器(6)、光纤耦合器(7)、传感臂(8)、参考臂(9)、法拉第旋转镜A(10)、法拉第旋转镜B(11)、光纤滤波器(12)、光纤水听器解调仪(13)，光纤光栅解调仪(1)的出射端与窄线宽光源(2)的出射端分别连接光纤合束器(3)的两端进行光束合波，光纤合束器(3)出射端连接光纤光栅温度传感器(4)和光纤光栅压力传感器(5)，光纤光栅压力传感器(5)的出光端与光纤隔离器(6)的入光端连接，光纤隔离器(6)的出光端与光纤耦合器(7)的入光端的其中一根光纤连接，光纤耦合器(7)的出光端的两根光纤其中一根连接传感臂(8)和法拉第旋转镜A(10)，另一根连接参考臂(9)和法拉第旋转镜B(11)，光纤耦合器(7)、法拉第旋转镜A(10)、法拉第旋转镜B(11)、传感臂(8)、参考臂(9)共同构成光纤水听器，光纤耦合器(7)的入光端的另一端与光纤滤波器(12)的一端连接，光纤滤波器(12)的另一端与光纤水听器解调仪(13)连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的光纤声温压复合传感器，其特征在于：所述光纤光栅解调仪(1)包括但不限于任何可以测量无源光纤光栅传感器的波长测量的光纤光栅解调仪、多波长计、光谱仪。
3.根据权利要求1所述的光纤声温压复合传感器，其特征在于：所述光纤水听器解调仪(13)包括但不限于用于Michelson干涉型水听器解调的解调设备。
4.根据权利要求1所述的光纤声温压复合传感器，其特征在于：所述光纤光栅温度传感器(4)包括但不限于各种封装形式，光纤光栅压力传感器(5)包括但不限于采用不同温度补偿形式。
5.根据权利要求1所述的光纤声温压复合传感器，其特征在于：所述光纤滤波器(12)包括但不限于波分复用器和其他光学滤波器件。
6.根据权利要求1所述的光纤声温压复合传感器，其特征在于：所述光纤耦合器(7)为2×2耦合器，分光比包括但不限于50:50。
7.根据权利要求1所述的光纤声温压复合传感器，其特征在于：所述传感臂(8)和参考臂(9)的光纤长度为光纤水听器水声信号测量干涉需要的对应长度。
8.根据权利要求1所述的光纤声温压复合传感器，其特征在于：所述光纤光栅解调仪(1)的光源与波长应不同于窄线宽光源(2)波长，以便于进行波分复用。
9.根据权利要求1所述的光纤声温压复合传感器，其特征在于：所述光纤水听器包括但不限于利用Michelson干涉原理封装成的不同臂差光纤水听器件，光纤水听器解调包括但不限于PGC解调方法。
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