CN109238162A - A kind of tunnel 3 d deformation monitoring and method for early warning - Google Patents
A kind of tunnel 3 d deformation monitoring and method for early warning Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of tunnel 3 d deformation monitoring and method for early warning, by the way that laser ranging technique, PLC control technology, computer communication technology are combined, it proposes based on laser ranging technique to tunnel structure shape changing detection domain early warning scheme, each section of tunnel inner wall is continuously measured using vehicle-mounted laser rangefinder, obtain the distance between laser emission point and section test point, measurement data is transmitted to station level data processing system by wireless communication, by network analysis tunnel deformed state and timely early warning.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to tunnel danger early warnings to monitor field, especially a kind of tunnel 3 d deformation monitoring and method for early warning.
Background technique
Subway is the complication system of carrying highly dense crowd quick in small space a kind of, and narrow space determines it
The difficulty and complexity of management measure；It runs at high speed and has more highlighted the importance of system various aspects cooperation, each system
Each details may be to influence the factor of safety；It is densely-populated that determine rail traffic once accident occurs be exactly huge
Big danger and disaster；The safety of rail traffic and planning, construction, each stage close association of operation determine rail traffic again
The systematicness and globality of safety management.Safety accident once occurs for these explanations, urban track traffic, and consequence will be extremely tight
Weight.
Currently, the health monitoring in tunnel can be divided into two stages: construction stage and operation stage.Currently, being directed to both at home and abroad
The own comparative maturity of the monitoring technology in constructing tunnel stage, but it is far from enough to the monitoring attention degree during tunnel operation.Thing
In reality, operation stage, the health monitoring in tunnel should more be paid attention to because time span is big, influence factor is complicated, disaster social influence is big.
Tunnel health monitoring includes that tunnel structure corrodes monitoring, structural deformation monitoring, structural internal force measure and ambient conditions monitoring, especially
It is that structural deformation monitoring is extremely important, monitoring content is mainly that the convergence of the Longitudinal Settlement, lateral displacement and section in tunnel becomes
Shape.Detection for the Longitudinal Settlement and lateral displacement in tunnel, traditional monitoring mostly use the mode of artificial periodic monitoring to carry out, by
Long in its observation time, observation period and frequency limited are not suitable for using under tunnel operation state.Meanwhile as analysis is wanted
The raising asked, tunnel operation phase health monitoring systems need to have the functions such as long-term online, real-time automatic monitoring, due to monitoring project
More, route is long, measuring point is more, data volume is big, existing monitoring mode and means oneself be not able to satisfy requirement of engineering.
Summary of the invention
The present invention continuously measures each section of tunnel inner wall using vehicle-mounted laser rangefinder, obtains laser emission point
The distance between section test point transmits measurement data to station level data processing system by wireless communication, by network analysis
Tunnel deformed state and timely early warning, relative to traditional tunnel manual detection mode, not only precision is high for this system, stability
It is good, a large amount of manpower and material resources are also saved, the plenty of time has been saved.
To solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention proposes a kind of tunnel 3 d deformation monitoring and method for early warning.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that:
A kind of tunnel 3 d deformation monitoring and method for early warning, comprising the following steps:
A, detection vehicle control laser range finder and are continuously rotated to tunnel cross-section along the rail running of subway tunnel
Measurement, measured data deposit detect in vehicle, and after section to be detected has travelled, laser range finder stops measurement, will test vehicle
In data be transmitted to data processing system；
B, in a data processing system, the data measured obtain section after the vibration compensation of dynamic benchmark measuring system
Test point is at a distance from mounting structure central point；
C, according to the coordinate value of test points all on each section by each detection profiled outline fit respectively come；
D carries out Three-Dimensional Dynamic modeling to tested tunnel, obtains according to detection vehicle along the displacement data in tunnel axis direction
The fitting of Tunnel testing section three-dimensional figure；
E, storage tunneling outline data form one-time detection data；
F is compared historical data with standard curve by the analysis of the historical data to tunnel contour data, analysis
The deformation of tunnel cross-section generates early warning report.
Further, in the step b, acquisition pattern is as follows: assuming that rail plane midpoint is the coordinate original of the measuring system
Point, manual measurement learn laser range finder in the installation site coordinate (a, b) at detection Chinese herbaceous peony end, and the ranging of the Shu Jiguang is L, is surveyed
Measuring angle is α, can calculate the coordinate (y, z) of detection corresponding points, and calculation formula is as follows: y=-Lcos α+a, z=Lsin α+b.
Further, in the step d, the centre-line of track along detection vehicle direction of advance is equivalent to straight line, detects vehicle edge
The displacement data in tunnel axis direction is the displacement data for detecting vehicle and moving along track.
Preferably, in the step f, after tunnel builds up qualification, the normal data measured is fitted these data at this time and obtains
The curve arrived is standard curve.
Preferably, in the step a, the angle of wheel measuring is 360 degree.
Preferably, in the step a, at interval of 50 meters of arrangements, one section, one group of point is laid in each section, to tunnel
Road section is scanned monitoring comprehensively, provides monitoring data.
Preferably, in the step e, tunnel contour data are the deformation distance relative to tunnel initial point.
Further, in the step c, comparative approach is using maximum deviation method or linear regression method or oval arc length
Algorithm.
Preferably, in the step f, if the deformation of tunnel cross-section closes on allowed band, change the measurement frequency.
The present invention compared with the existing technology has the following advantages that and effect:
1, the present invention can divide institute's measured data by software kit with precise measurement tunnel cross-section geomery data
Analysis obtains profile data, carries out the drafting of measured profile figure, the drafting of design section, the calculating of measured profile area, designs and break
The calculating of face area, measured profile with design section it is linear compared with, early warning is provided to the disaster that may occur；Meanwhile it obtaining
Be not only the data of some single section, and be the three-dimensional data for further including longitudinal coordinate, can very easily be endangered
The lengthwise position of dangerous section.This is of great significance to the rapidity of positioning dangerous section, the high efficiency in repairerment tunnel
2, the present invention is handled by profileometry data, and processing obtains datum mark relative displacement data and uses data fusion
And simultaneous adjustment constructs sensor networking technology, three-dimensional tunnel strain image by tunnel sequence profileometry data
Modeling and deformation early warning system etc.；Cross section deformation measuring instrument sensor network is integrated on motion carrier, realizes the structure in tunnel
Property safety monitoring theory and technology system, provides new technological means for the safety monitoring in tunnel, makes up conventional monitoring methods
It is insufficient.
Detailed description of the invention
The attached drawing constituted part of this application is used to provide further understanding of the present invention, schematic reality of the invention
It applies example and its explanation is used to explain the present invention, do not constitute improper limitations of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is flow diagram of the invention；
Fig. 2 is tunnel cross-section of the invention apart from detection principle diagram；
Fig. 3 is detection profiled outline fitted figure of the invention；
Fig. 4 is the tunnel axis location drawing of the invention.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, right
The present invention is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that described herein, specific examples are only used to explain the present invention, not
For limiting the present invention.
Embodiment 1:
As shown in Figures 1 to 4, a kind of tunnel 3 d deformation monitoring and method for early warning, working principle are as follows:
Vehicular laser ranging system is mainly by laser range finder, obliquity sensor, high-precision rotary platform, photoelectric coding
Device, PLC controller and wireless communicator composition, wherein by laser range finder, obliquity sensor and high-precision rotary platform are combined
Come, forming one can be control with PLC with high speed ranging, angle measurement, rotatable laser ranging system, laser ranging system system
Device is measured tunnel contour with discrete multipoint system by laser ranging system, is examined in combination with tunnel is installed on
Photoelectric encoder on the measuring wheel of measuring car bottom obtains detection vehicle consolidating between initial position and traveling-position along tunnel axis direction
Determine displacement, trigger, the data of specific position in tunnel that will test are transmitted to host computer by wireless communicator,
It is analyzed and processed by station level data processing system, to obtain the contour fitting of Tunnel testing section.
When detection, control detection vehicle along subway tunnel the progressive traveling of track, at interval of 50 meters of arrangements, one section,
Each section lays one group of point, and the PLC control laser range finder detected on vehicle carries out continuous wheel measuring to tunnel cross-section,
Measurement angle is 360 degree, and utilize formula: rail plane midpoint (is set as the measuring system by y=-Lcos α+a, z=Lsin α+b
Coordinate origin, manual measurement learn laser range finder in the installation site coordinate (a, b) at detection Chinese herbaceous peony end, the ranging of the Shu Jiguang
For L, measurement angle α, the coordinate (y, z) of detection corresponding points can be calculated), by all test points (y, z) of the detection section
Coordinate is stored in the memory of PLC, and data are passed to station level data processing system later, and system recalls simulation softward according to every
Each detection profiled outline is fitted to come respectively by the coordinate value of all test points on a section, after section to be detected has travelled, is swashed
Optar stops measurement, and the data in PLC are transmitted to station level data processing system through wireless communication, in conjunction with detection
Rail axis along direction of advance is equivalent to positive x-axis linear in tunnel threedimensional model, is installed on by the longitudinal register system of vehicle
For measuring the photoelectric encoder of operating range on the measuring wheel of Tunnel testing vehicle bottom, obtains detection vehicle and risen along tunnel axis direction
To the fixed displacement amount between traveling-position, different location has different x values for beginning position, to determine each Measure section in tunnel
Position, i.e., the section away from measurement initial position accurate distance, obtain coordinate data (x, y, z), complete one-shot measurement.
After being measured every time, measured data are stored in station level data processing system, tunnel is carried out to data
The contour fitting of section, approximating method uses maximum deviation method, i.e., both measured profile contour line and design section contour line
A series of respective radius values relative to the center of circle make a difference, the data point of maximum deviation are found, if these are maximum
The deviation of data point is all larger than the allowable error range (allowable error in i.e. existing tunnel shape changing detection) of tunnel deformation, i.e.,
It is believed that significant deformation has occurred.Through multiple measurement history of forming data interior after a period of time, thus to possible generation
The timely early warning of disaster, if it find that the deformation in tunnel has closed on the allowed band of design (in i.e. existing tunnel shape changing detection
Allowable error), need to increase the measurement frequency at this time, shorten measurement interval time.
Embodiment 2:
As shown in Figures 1 to 4, a kind of tunnel 3 d deformation monitoring and method for early warning, working principle are as follows:
Vehicular laser ranging system is mainly by laser range finder, obliquity sensor, high-precision rotary platform, photoelectric coding
Device, PLC controller and wireless communicator composition, wherein by laser range finder, obliquity sensor and high-precision rotary platform are combined
Come, forming one can be control with PLC with high speed ranging, angle measurement, rotatable laser ranging system, laser ranging system system
Device is measured tunnel contour with discrete multipoint system by laser ranging system, is examined in combination with tunnel is installed on
Photoelectric encoder on the measuring wheel of measuring car bottom obtains detection vehicle consolidating between initial position and traveling-position along tunnel axis direction
Determine displacement, trigger, the data of specific position in tunnel that will test are transmitted to host computer by wireless communicator,
It is analyzed and processed by station level data processing system, to obtain the contour fitting of Tunnel testing section.
When detection, control detection vehicle along subway tunnel the progressive traveling of track, at interval of 50 meters of arrangements, one section,
Each section lays one group of point, and the PLC control laser range finder detected on vehicle carries out continuous wheel measuring to tunnel cross-section,
Measurement angle is 360 degree, and utilize formula: rail plane midpoint (is set as the measuring system by y=-Lcos α+a, z=Lsin α+b
Coordinate origin, manual measurement learn laser range finder in the installation site coordinate (a, b) at detection Chinese herbaceous peony end, the ranging of the Shu Jiguang
For L, measurement angle α, the coordinate (y, z) of detection corresponding points can be calculated), by all test points (y, z) of the detection section
Coordinate is stored in the memory of PLC, and data are passed to station level data processing system later, and system recalls simulation softward according to every
Each detection profiled outline is fitted to come respectively by the coordinate value of all test points on a section, after section to be detected has travelled, is swashed
Optar stops measurement, and the data in PLC are transmitted to station level data processing system through wireless communication, in conjunction with detection
Rail axis along direction of advance is equivalent to positive x-axis linear in tunnel threedimensional model, is installed on by the longitudinal register system of vehicle
For measuring the photoelectric encoder of operating range on the measuring wheel of Tunnel testing vehicle bottom, obtains detection vehicle and risen along tunnel axis direction
To the fixed displacement amount between traveling-position, different location has different x values for beginning position, to determine each Measure section in tunnel
Position, i.e., the section away from measurement initial position accurate distance, obtain coordinate data (x, y, z), complete one-shot measurement.
After being measured every time, measured data are stored in station level data processing system, tunnel is carried out to data
The contour fitting of section, approximating method use linear regression method, and more commonly used has least square method etc., i.e. survey range line profile
All consider with the deviation of both design section contour lines, calculates the comprehensive deviation situation of the two.It is set if comprehensive deviation exceeds
The allowed band (allowable error in i.e. existing tunnel shape changing detection) of meter, i.e., it is believed that significant deformation has occurred.By
Multiple measurement history of forming data in a period of time, thus the timely early warning of disaster to that may occur, if it find that tunnel
Deformation has closed on the allowed band (allowable error in i.e. existing tunnel shape changing detection) of design, needs to increase measurement at this time
The frequency shortens measurement interval time.
Embodiment 3:
As shown in Figures 1 to 4, a kind of tunnel 3 d deformation monitoring and method for early warning, working principle are as follows:
Vehicular laser ranging system is mainly by laser range finder, obliquity sensor, high-precision rotary platform, photoelectric coding
Device, PLC controller and wireless communicator composition, wherein by laser range finder, obliquity sensor and high-precision rotary platform are combined
Come, forming one can be control with PLC with high speed ranging, angle measurement, rotatable laser ranging system, laser ranging system system
Device is measured tunnel contour with discrete multipoint system by laser ranging system, is examined in combination with tunnel is installed on
Photoelectric encoder on the measuring wheel of measuring car bottom obtains detection vehicle consolidating between initial position and traveling-position along tunnel axis direction
Determine displacement, trigger, the data of specific position in tunnel that will test are transmitted to host computer by wireless communicator,
It is analyzed and processed by station level data processing system, to obtain the contour fitting of Tunnel testing section.
When detection, control detection vehicle along subway tunnel the progressive traveling of track, at interval of 50 meters of arrangements, one section,
Each section lays one group of point, and the PLC control laser range finder detected on vehicle carries out continuous wheel measuring to tunnel cross-section,
Measurement angle is 360 degree, and utilize formula: rail plane midpoint (is set as the measuring system by y=-Lcos α+a, z=Lsin α+b
Coordinate origin, manual measurement learn laser range finder in the installation site coordinate (a, b) at detection Chinese herbaceous peony end, the ranging of the Shu Jiguang
For L, measurement angle α, the coordinate (y, z) of detection corresponding points can be calculated), by all test points (y, z) of the detection section
Coordinate is stored in the memory of PLC, and data are passed to station level data processing system later, and system recalls simulation softward according to every
Each detection profiled outline is fitted to come respectively by the coordinate value of all test points on a section, after section to be detected has travelled, is swashed
Optar stops measurement, and the data in PLC are transmitted to station level data processing system through wireless communication, in conjunction with detection
Rail axis along direction of advance is equivalent to positive x-axis linear in tunnel threedimensional model, is installed on by the longitudinal register system of vehicle
For measuring the photoelectric encoder of operating range on the measuring wheel of Tunnel testing vehicle bottom, obtains detection vehicle and risen along tunnel axis direction
To the fixed displacement amount between traveling-position, different location has different x values for beginning position, to determine each Measure section in tunnel
Position, i.e., the section away from measurement initial position accurate distance, obtain coordinate data (x, y, z), complete one-shot measurement.
After being measured every time, measured data are stored in station level data processing system, tunnel is carried out to data
The contour fitting of section can also be using oval Algorithm for arc length if tunnel after deformation occurs, no longer keeps the profile in the center of circle
Realize the judgement of tunnel deformation.Through multiple measurement history of forming data interior after a period of time, thus to the disaster that may occur
Timely early warning, if it find that the deformation in tunnel has closed on allowed band (the permitting in i.e. existing tunnel shape changing detection of design
Perhaps error), it needs to increase the measurement frequency at this time, shortens measurement interval time.
The foregoing is merely presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, it is all in spirit of the invention and
Within principle, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on be should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of tunnel 3 d deformation monitoring and method for early warning, which comprises the following steps:
A, detection vehicle is along the rail running of subway tunnel, and control laser range finder to tunnel cross-section progress, continuously survey by rotation
Amount, measured data deposit detect in vehicle, and after section to be detected has travelled, laser range finder stops measurement, will test in vehicle
Data be transmitted to data processing system；
B, in a data processing system, the data measured obtain section detection after the vibration compensation of dynamic benchmark measuring system
Point is at a distance from mounting structure central point；
C, according to the coordinate value of test points all on each section by each detection profiled outline fit respectively come；
D carries out Three-Dimensional Dynamic modeling to tested tunnel, obtains tunnel according to detection vehicle along the displacement data in tunnel axis direction
The fitting of detection interval three-dimensional figure；
E, storage tunneling outline data form one-time detection data；
F is compared historical data with standard curve by the analysis of the historical data to tunnel contour data, analyzes tunnel
The deformation of section generates early warning report.
2. tunnel 3 d deformation monitoring according to claim 1 and method for early warning, which is characterized in that in the step b, obtain
The mode of obtaining is as follows: assuming that rail plane midpoint is the coordinate origin of the measuring system, manual measurement learns that laser range finder is detecting
The installation site coordinate (a, b) at Chinese herbaceous peony end, the ranging of the Shu Jiguang are L, measurement angle α, can calculate detection corresponding points
Coordinate (y, z), calculation formula are as follows: y=-Lcos α+a, z=Lsin α+b.
3. tunnel 3 d deformation monitoring according to claim 2 and method for early warning, which is characterized in that in the step d,
It is equivalent to straight line along the centre-line of track of detection vehicle direction of advance, displacement data of the detection vehicle along tunnel axis direction is detection vehicle edge
The mobile displacement data of track.
4. tunnel 3 d deformation monitoring according to claim 3 and method for early warning, which is characterized in that in the step f,
After tunnel builds up qualification, the normal data measured, being fitted the curve that these data obtain at this time is standard curve.
5. tunnel 3 d deformation monitoring according to claim 4 and method for early warning, which is characterized in that in the step a, rotation
The angle for turning measurement is 360 degree.
6. tunnel 3 d deformation monitoring according to claim 5 and method for early warning, which is characterized in that in the step a, often
It is spaced 50 meters of arrangements, one section, one group of point is laid in each section, is scanned monitoring comprehensively to tunnel cross-section, prison is provided
Measured data.
7. tunnel 3 d deformation monitoring according to claim 6 and method for early warning, which is characterized in that in the step e, tunnel
Road outline data is the deformation distance relative to tunnel initial point.
8. tunnel 3 d deformation monitoring according to claim 2 and method for early warning, which is characterized in that in the step c, than
Compared with method using maximum deviation method or linear regression method or oval Algorithm for arc length.
9. tunnel 3 d deformation monitoring according to claim 7 and method for early warning, which is characterized in that in the step f, such as
The deformation of fruit tunnel cross-section closes on allowed band, changes the measurement frequency.
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| CN110411361A (en) * | 2019-05-15 | 2019-11-05 | 首都师范大学 | A kind of mobile tunnel laser detection data processing method |
| CN110514133A (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2019-11-29 | 西南石油大学 | It is a kind of based on photogrammetric unmanned plane tunnel deformation detection method |
| CN110736434A (en) * | 2019-10-28 | 2020-01-31 | 中国矿业大学 | coal mine roadway surface displacement online monitoring system and monitoring method |
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| CN116592791A (en) * | 2023-07-17 | 2023-08-15 | 武汉海微科技有限公司 | Shape measurement method, device, apparatus and storage medium |
| CN118362058A (en) * | 2024-06-20 | 2024-07-19 | 杭州鲁尔物联科技有限公司 | Tunnel deformation detection method, device, equipment, storage medium and vehicle |
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