CN109236286A - A kind of method of novel formation pore pressure measurement while drilling - Google Patents
A kind of method of novel formation pore pressure measurement while drilling Download PDFInfo
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- CN109236286A CN109236286A CN201811237166.XA CN201811237166A CN109236286A CN 109236286 A CN109236286 A CN 109236286A CN 201811237166 A CN201811237166 A CN 201811237166A CN 109236286 A CN109236286 A CN 109236286A
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- drilling
- formation pore
- pressure
- pore pressure
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/06—Measuring temperature or pressure
Abstract
The present invention relates to oil and gas well drilling engineering field more particularly to a kind of methods of novel formation pore pressure measurement while drilling.Its technical solution are as follows: a kind of method of novel formation pore pressure measurement while drilling after including the following steps: that 1) drill bit enters reservoir, stops drilling, stablizes surface casing pressure value PC, circulating fluid；2) surface casing pressure value P is gradually reducedC, system monitoring wellhead drilling fluid flow is monitored by micrometeor, is determined as micro- overflow when exporting mud flow rate and being greater than normal discharge mean value；3) when micro- overflow occurs in well head, bottom pressure BHP at this time is recorded by down-hole pressure monitoring while drilling system, at this time formation pore pressure PP≈ BHP, takes PP=BHP to get arrive formation pore pressure PP.The present invention provides a kind of method of novel formation pore pressure measurement while drilling easy to operate, measurement accuracy facilitates control, solve the problems, such as that existing formation pore pressure measurement method is complicated for operation, measurement accuracy is difficult to control.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to oil and gas well drilling engineering field more particularly to a kind of novel formation pore pressure measurement while drillings
Method.
Background technique
Formation pore pressure is the important parameter of oil drilling, accurately grasps formation pore pressure, is conducive to adjust drilling well
Fluidity energy, it is ensured that safe wellbore construction operation.Currently, Process of Oil Well Drilling mainly has the measurement method of formation pore pressure
Three kinds:
The first, it asks standpipe pressure to seek formation pore pressure again by closing well, the deficiency of this method is: boring and meet hydrocarbon show zones
After the closing well of position, need that casing pressure is waited to carry out asking pressure operation again when no longer rising.After closing well, gas can constantly slip rising,
Casing pressure is set to rise steadily, if the overlong time waited, casing pressure can be very high, and the formation pore pressure acquired is higher, drilling process
The protection to oil-gas Layer can be unfavorable for using the drilling fluid or the higher well head pressure of control of higher density；Conversely, wait when
Between it is shorter, formation pore pressure upload not exclusively, the formation pore pressure acquired is relatively low, the drilling fluid density that drilling process uses
Or the well head pressure of control is relatively low, is unfavorable for the well control safety of later period drillng operation.
The second, using with brill formation pore pressure measuring instrument measurement.Which is after boring chance oil-gas Layer, and tripping in is with brill stratum
Pore pressure measuring instrument measures formation pore pressure, can obtain accurate formation pore pressure, but which needs individually
It makes a trip and replaces instrument, need to delay the construction operation time, and construction operation is at high cost, the popularization for being unfavorable for the technology is answered
With.
Formation pore pressure is measured using logging mode after third, finishing drilling.Which is to pass through logging mode after finishing drilling
Measurement formation pore pressure measures after belonging to finishing drilling funeral affairs although formation pore pressure can be obtained accurately, makees to the drilling well of this well
Industry is without in all senses.
Number of patent application is that the patent of invention of CN201410778684.8 discloses a kind of determination side of formation pore pressure
Method and device, wherein this method comprises: the drilling well of the mud flow rate parameter, back pressure pump intake of acquisition mud pump inlet in real time
Flow quantity parameter and drilling fluid return flow；According to the mud flow rate parameter of the mud pump inlet of acquisition, the back pressure
The mud flow rate parameter of pump intake and the drilling fluid return flow, calculate down-hole drilling fluids inlet flow rate and return outflow it
Between size relation；According to down-hole drilling fluids inlet flow rate and the size relation and formation condition information between outflow are returned, it is real
When calculate the difference of formation pore pressure and shaft bottom drilling well liquid columnpressure；According to the formation pore pressure and shaft bottom drilling fluid
The difference of head of liquid and known shaft bottom drilling well head of liquid, are calculated formation pore pressure in real time.
But drilling fluid inlet flow rate and the size relation and formation condition information between outflow are returned, it calculates in real time
The difference of formation pore pressure and shaft bottom drilling well liquid columnpressure, the error by flow rate conversion pressure is larger, formation pore pressure
Computational accuracy it is not easy to control, and the equipment needed is more, much complex.
Summary of the invention
The present invention overcomes the deficiencies in the prior art, provide a kind of easy to operate, measurement accuracy facilitate control novelly
The method of layer pore pressure measurement while drilling, solves that existing formation pore pressure measurement method is complicated for operation, measurement accuracy is difficult to
The problem of control.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A kind of method of novel formation pore pressure measurement while drilling, includes the following steps:
1) after drill bit enters stratum, stop drilling, stablize surface casing pressure value PC, circulating fluid；Bottom pressure BHP at this time
Slightly larger than formation pore pressure PP, it is then not in micro- flooded conditions that formation fluid will not enter in well and return out ground at this time；
2) surface casing pressure value P is gradually decreasedC, system monitoring wellhead drilling fluid flow is monitored by micrometeor, when outlet is bored
Well liquid flow is determined as micro- overflow when being greater than normal discharge mean value；Due to bottom pressure BHP=PH+Pf+PC, then with PCSubtract
Small, BHP is also gradually reduced, wherein PHFor drilling well liquid columnpressure, PfFor cyclic pressure dissipation, PCFor surface casing pressure；
3) when bottom pressure BHP decreases below formation pore pressure PP, formation fluid start will enter well in and return out
Ground when micro- overflow occurs in well head, records bottom pressure BHP at this time by down-hole pressure monitoring while drilling system, at this time earth bore
Gap pressure PPSlightly larger than BHP, PP≈ BHP, takes PP=BHP to get arrive formation pore pressure；It can be by controlling surface casing pressure value PC
Each reduction amount controls formation pore pressure PPMeasurement accuracy, surface casing pressure value PCEach reduction amount is smaller, formation pore
Pressure PPMeasurement accuracy is higher.
As a preferred solution of the present invention, in step 2), when reducing surface casing pressure value, by step-length △ PCEquivalent reduces PC。
Equivalent reduces surface casing pressure value, facilitates control formation pore pressure PPMeasurement accuracy.
As a preferred solution of the present invention, according toConsider some safety factors,
0.01Mpa≤△PC≤ 10.05Mpa, wherein PBHPTo survey bottom pressure, PPPTo predict pore pressure, PAFor bottom pressure and
Predict pore pressure average value.Then according to BHP≤PP≤ BHP+ △ Pc, the measurement accuracy of formation pore pressure depend on and △ PC, will
△PCControl can correspondingly increase formation pore pressure P in suitable lesser rangePMeasurement accuracy and measurement convenience, improve and survey
Amount efficiency.
As a preferred solution of the present invention, in step 2), surface casing pressure value P is reduced every timeCAfterwards, one, interval is late
Time t, t >=0.01s are balanced convenient for pressure of the liquid in well in well, are that the hysteresis quality of micro- overflow time of occurrence is reserved
Enough time.System comparison inlet and outlet flow curve situation of change is monitored by micrometeor, if inlet and outlet flow curve is basic
It remains unchanged, i.e., rate of discharge is substantially equal to inlet flow rate, illustrates that bottom pressure is greater than formation pore pressure, needs further to drop
Low surface casing pressure；It is gradually increased if rate of discharge curve deviates entrance discharge curve, illustrates that formation fluid has entered pit shaft, ground
Layer pore pressure has been greater than bottom pressure.
As a preferred solution of the present invention, in step 1), when circulating fluid, drilling fluid is at least in circulation of drilling fluid system
A cycle is recycled in system, is guaranteed that drilling fluid sufficiently recycles, is guaranteed the uniformity of borehole pressure.
As a preferred solution of the present invention, before step 1), according to prediction formation pore pressure, into before target zone
100 meters of adjustment drilling fluid densities, such as less than given reservoir pressure coefficient 0.02g/cm3。
As a preferred solution of the present invention, before step 1), according to formation pressure monitoring and chip morphology is returned out, is applied
Surface casing pressure.Under turn on pump loop condition, drilling fluid density is improved, is maintained at according to equal yield density conversion surface casing pressure value
Within 10.5Mpa, to ensure that equipment operates within the scope of safe load.
As a preferred solution of the present invention, it after step 3), carries out step 4): continuing cycling through, pass through ground cyclic system
The gas of system discharge intrusion pit shaft；Again surface casing pressure value P is improvedC, restore micro- overbalance drilling.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1, this method is according to theory: when formation pore pressure and bottom pressure balance, PP≈ BHP=PH+Pf+PC, wherein PP
It is bottom pressure, P for formation pore pressure, BHPHFor drilling well liquid columnpressure, PfFor cyclic pressure dissipation, PCFor surface casing pressure, then lead to
Cross reduction surface casing pressure PC, so that bottom pressure BHP is close to formation pore pressure PP, can be using bottom pressure BHP as stratum
Pore pressure PP, recorded.
Bottom pressure BHP is greater than formation pore pressure P when circulating fluidP, formation fluid will not enter well in and return out
Ground is then not in micro- flooded conditions at this time.Gradually decrease surface casing pressure value PC, when bottom pressure BHP decreases below ground
Layer pore pressure PP, formation fluid starts to enter in well and return out ground, when micro- overflow occurs in well head.By down-hole pressure with
Monitoring system registers bottom pressure BHP at this time is bored, at this time formation pore pressure PPSlightly larger than BHP, PP≈ BHP, takes PP=BHP.It can
By controlling surface casing pressure value PCEach reduction amount controls formation pore pressure PPMeasurement accuracy, surface casing pressure value PCEvery time
Reduction amount it is smaller, formation pore pressure PPMeasurement accuracy is higher, and therefore, formation pore pressure measurement accuracy facilitates control, can
The formation pore pressure value of corresponding precision is obtained as needed.
Method of the invention is easy to operate and precision is high, without closing well and makes a trip, easy to operate, time-consuming short；It is not required to
It to be measured using with brill formation pore pressure measuring instrument, it is at low cost, it is more advantageous to field application；It can effectively prevent and control overflow
With leakage, avoid underground complicated.
By the precise measurement to bottom pore pressure, adjustment rate of penetration, surface casing pressure value, property of drilling fluid can be facilitated
Etc. drilling parameters, thus correspondingly increase drilling efficiency, shorten drilling period.Using the higher bottom leakage pressure of precision to drilling well
Parameter is designed, and can also protect oil-gas Layer, extension ability of improving the standard, and is conducive to improve single well productivity.
2, step-length △ P is pressedCEquivalent reduces PC, facilitate control formation pore pressure PPMeasurement accuracy, according to BHP≤PP≤BHP
+△PC, control △ PCBe conducive to reduce formation pore pressure PPError range.
3, due to BHP≤PP≤ BHP+ △ Pc, then the measurement accuracy of formation pore pressure depends on and △ PC, then by △ PCControl
System can correspondingly increase formation pore pressure P in suitable lesser rangePMeasurement accuracy and measurement convenience, improve measurement effect
Rate.
4, surface casing pressure value P is reduced every timeCAfterwards, it is spaced a lagged time t (t >=0.01s), convenient for liquid in well in well
Interior pressure is balanced, and is that the hysteresis quality of micro- overflow time of occurrence reserves enough time.
5, when circulating fluid, drilling fluid at least recycles a cycle in drilling-fluid circulation system, guarantees that drilling fluid fills
Divide circulation, guarantees the uniformity of borehole pressure.
6, when normal drilling, surface casing pressure value P is setC≤ 10.5Mpa, to ensure that equipment is transported within the scope of safe load
Turn.
7, it after formation pore pressure measurement, continues cycling through, the gas of intrusion pit shaft is discharged by the ground circulatory system, really
It is smooth to protect later period operation safety.Again surface casing pressure value P is improvedC, restore micro- overbalance drilling, avoiding, which influences normal drilling well, makees
Industry.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in detail below.
In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, with reference to embodiments, to the present invention
It is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that described herein, specific examples are only used to explain the present invention, is not used to limit
The fixed present invention.
Embodiment one
A kind of method of novel formation pore pressure measurement while drilling, includes the following steps:
1) after drill bit enters stratum, stop drilling, stablize surface casing pressure value PC, circulating fluid；Bottom pressure BHP at this time
Greater than formation pore pressure PP, it is then not in micro- flooded conditions that formation fluid will not enter in well and return out ground at this time；
2) surface casing pressure value P is gradually decreasedC, system monitoring wellhead drilling fluid flow is monitored by micrometeor, when well head bores
Well liquid flow is determined as micro- overflow when being greater than normal discharge mean value；Due to bottom pressure BHP=PH+Pf+PC, then with PCSubtract
Small, BHP is also gradually reduced, wherein PHFor drilling well liquid columnpressure, PfFor cyclic pressure dissipation, PCFor surface casing pressure；
3) when bottom pressure BHP decreases below formation pore pressure PP, formation fluid start will enter well in and return out
Ground when micro- overflow occurs in well head, records bottom pressure BHP at this time by down-hole pressure monitoring while drilling system, at this time earth bore
Gap pressure PPSlightly larger than BHP, PP≈ BHP, takes PP=BHP to get arrive formation pore pressure；It can be by controlling surface casing pressure value PC
Each reduction amount controls formation pore pressure PPMeasurement accuracy, surface casing pressure value PCEach reduction amount is smaller, formation pore
Pressure PPMeasurement accuracy is higher.
This method is according to theory: when formation pore pressure and bottom pressure balance, PP≈ BHP=PH+Pf+PC, wherein PPFor
Formation pore pressure, BHP are bottom pressure, PHFor drilling well liquid columnpressure, PfFor cyclic pressure dissipation, PCFor surface casing pressure, then pass through
Reduce surface casing pressure PC, so that bottom pressure BHP is close to formation pore pressure PP, can be using bottom pressure BHP as earth bore
Gap pressure PP, recorded.
Bottom pressure BHP is greater than formation pore pressure P when circulating fluidP, formation fluid will not enter well in and return out
Ground is then not in micro- flooded conditions at this time.Gradually decrease surface casing pressure value PC, when bottom pressure BHP decreases below ground
Layer pore pressure PP, formation fluid starts to enter in well and return out ground, when micro- overflow occurs in well head.By down-hole pressure with
Monitoring system registers bottom pressure BHP at this time is bored, at this time formation pore pressure PPSlightly larger than BHP, PP≈ BHP, takes PP=BHP.It can
By controlling surface casing pressure value PCEach reduction amount controls formation pore pressure PPMeasurement accuracy, surface casing pressure value PCEvery time
Reduction amount it is smaller, formation pore pressure PPMeasurement accuracy is higher, and therefore, formation pore pressure measurement accuracy facilitates control, can
The formation pore pressure value of corresponding precision is obtained as needed.
Method of the invention is easy to operate and precision is high, without closing well and makes a trip, easy to operate, time-consuming short；It is not required to
It to be measured using with brill formation pore pressure measuring instrument, it is at low cost, it is more advantageous to field application；It can effectively prevent and control overflow
With leakage, avoid underground complicated.
By the precise measurement to formation pore pressure, adjustment rate of penetration, surface casing pressure value, property of drilling fluid can be facilitated
Etc. drilling parameters, thus correspondingly increase drilling efficiency, shorten drilling period.Using the higher bottom leakage pressure of precision to drilling well
Parameter is designed, and can also protect oil-gas Layer, extension ability of improving the standard, and is conducive to improve single well productivity.
Micrometeor monitors system: returning out mud flow rate using the inflow of high-precision mass flowmenter real-time monitoring, flows
Amount monitoring range of flow 0.00L/s-60.00L/s, flow measurement precision ± 0.25%, repeatability be better than ± 0.1%, can into
Rate of discharge difference precisely judges overflow in the case where being 1L/s, field application shows that the system is overflow than conventional mud pond liquid level monitoring
Stream method shifts to an earlier date 5-10min or so.
Down-hole pressure monitoring while drilling system (PWD): being made of ground system and downhole hardware, and downhole hardware for surveying in real time
Amount and transmission bottom pressure data, ground system is for return pulse signal and handles and show bottom pressure data, convenient for real
When grasp bottom pressure changing rule, realize the control of fine bottom pressure.
Embodiment two
On the basis of example 1, in step 2), when reducing surface casing pressure value, by step-length △ PCEquivalent reduces PC。
By step-length △ PCEquivalent reduces PC, facilitate control formation pore pressure PPMeasurement accuracy, according to BHP≤PP≤BHP+
△PC, control △ PCBe conducive to reduce formation pore pressure PPError range.
Embodiment three
On the basis of embodiment one or embodiment two, according toConsider some safety
Factor, 0.01Mpa≤△ PC≤ 10.5Mpa, wherein PBHPTo survey bottom pressure, PPPTo predict pore pressure, PAFor shaft bottom pressure
Power and prediction pore pressure average value.
Due to BHP≤PP≤ BHP+ △ Pc, then the measurement accuracy of formation pore pressure depends on and △ PC, then by △ PCControl
In suitable lesser range, formation pore pressure P can be correspondinglyd increasePMeasurement accuracy and measurement convenience, improve measurement efficiency.
Example IV
On the basis of above-mentioned any one embodiment, in step 2), surface casing pressure value P is reduced every timeCAfterwards, it is spaced one
A lagged time t (t >=0.01s), is balanced convenient for pressure of the liquid in well in well, is the lag of micro- overflow time of occurrence
Property reserved enough time.System comparison inlet and outlet flow curve situation of change is monitored by micrometeor, if inlet and outlet flow is bent
Line is held essentially constant, i.e., rate of discharge is substantially equal to inlet flow rate, illustrate bottom pressure be greater than formation pore pressure, need into
One step reduces surface casing pressure；It is gradually increased if rate of discharge curve deviates entrance discharge curve, illustrates that formation fluid has entered
Pit shaft, formation pore pressure have been greater than bottom pressure.
Embodiment five
On the basis of above-mentioned any one embodiment, in step 1), when circulating fluid, drilling fluid is at least in drilling well
A cycle is recycled in fluid circulation, is guaranteed that drilling fluid sufficiently recycles, is guaranteed the uniformity of borehole pressure.
Embodiment six
On the basis of above-mentioned any one embodiment, before step 1), according to prediction formation pore pressure, it should enter
100 meters of adjustment drilling fluid densities before target zone control surface casing pressure PC≤ 10.5Mpa carries out micro- overbalance controlled pressure drilling.
Embodiment seven
On the basis of above-mentioned any one embodiment, after step 3), carries out step 4): continuing cycling through, pass through ground
The gas of face circulatory system discharge intrusion pit shaft, it is ensured that later period operation safety is smooth.Again surface casing pressure value P is improvedC, restore micro-
Overbalance drilling, formation pore pressure measurement terminate, and avoid influencing normal drilling operability.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of method of novel formation pore pressure measurement while drilling, which comprises the steps of:
1) after drill bit enters stratum, stop drilling, stablize surface casing pressure value PC, circulating fluid；
2) surface casing pressure value P is gradually decreasedC, system monitoring wellhead drilling fluid flow is monitored by micrometeor, when wellhead drilling fluid stream
Amount is determined as micro- overflow when being greater than normal discharge mean value；
3) when micro- overflow occurs in well head, bottom pressure BHP at this time is recorded by down-hole pressure monitoring while drilling system, at this time stratum
Pore pressure PP≈ BHP, takes PP=BHP to get arrive formation pore pressure PP。
2. a kind of method of novel formation pore pressure measurement while drilling according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step
2) in, when reducing surface casing pressure value, by step-length △ PCEquivalent reduces PC。
3. a kind of method of novel formation pore pressure measurement while drilling according to claim 2, which is characterized in that
0.01Mpa≤△PC≤10.5MPa。
4. a kind of method of novel formation pore pressure measurement while drilling according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step
2) in, surface casing pressure value P is reduced every timeCAfterwards, one, interval lagged time t, t >=0.01s.
5. a kind of method of novel formation pore pressure measurement while drilling according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step
1) in, when circulating fluid, drilling fluid at least recycles a cycle in drilling-fluid circulation system.
6. a kind of method of novel formation pore pressure measurement while drilling according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step
1) before, according to prediction formation pore pressure, into target zone before 100 meters of adjustment drilling fluid densities, control surface casing pressure PC≤
10.5Mpa carries out micro- overbalance controlled pressure drilling.
7. a kind of method of novel formation pore pressure measurement while drilling, feature described in any one according to claim 1~6
It is, after step 3), carries out step 4): continuing cycling through, the gas of intrusion pit shaft is discharged by the ground circulatory system；Again
Improve surface casing pressure value PC, restore micro- overbalance drilling.
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| CN111927431A (en) * | 2020-09-03 | 2020-11-13 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Wellbore hydrocarbon concentration monitoring method |
| CN111927445A (en) * | 2020-09-06 | 2020-11-13 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Method for obtaining formation pressure while drilling based on fitting logging parameters of while-drilling rock and ore data |
| CN111927432A (en) * | 2020-09-03 | 2020-11-13 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Method for controlling stratum carbon dioxide to invade shaft |
| CN111997597A (en) * | 2020-09-03 | 2020-11-27 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Method for controlling methane in stratum to invade shaft |
| CN114991690A (en) * | 2021-08-31 | 2022-09-02 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Formation pressure test while drilling method and device |
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Application publication date: 20190118 |