CN109234653A - A method of cutting down large complicated aluminum alloy die forgings residual stress - Google Patents
A method of cutting down large complicated aluminum alloy die forgings residual stress Download PDFInfo
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- CN109234653A CN109234653A CN201811237077.5A CN201811237077A CN109234653A CN 109234653 A CN109234653 A CN 109234653A CN 201811237077 A CN201811237077 A CN 201811237077A CN 109234653 A CN109234653 A CN 109234653A
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- forging
- residual stress
- aluminum alloy
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/053—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with zinc as the next major constituent
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of methods for cutting down large complicated aluminum alloy die forgings residual stress, are mainly used in more rib aluminum alloy die forgings, belong to aluminum alloy materials manufacture field.The method is that the forging part after solution hardening is carried out to cold pressing to draw processing to cut down the residual stress of forging.The present invention applies the compression deformation of 2-4% by manufacturing and designing finishing cold drawing compression mould to forging part, carries out compressive deformation to forging rib, while stretch forging around, has reached the effect of abatement balance forging residual stress.The method is needed according to a set of finishing cold pressing drawing-die tool of forging configuration design, residual stress abatement significant effect and the mechanical property and following process for not influencing workpiece.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to aluminum alloy materials processing technique field more particularly to a kind of large complicated aluminum alloy die forgings of abatement
The method of residual stress.
Background technique
High-strength aluminum alloy is widely used with its excellent mechanical property in field of aerospace.7XXX system aluminium closes
Gold is a kind of high-strength/tenacity aluminum alloy being most widely used in current aerospace field, and component is usually required by solid
Molten-quenching-aging strengthening model, to improve intensity, toughness, anti-fatigue performance and the corrosion resistance of material.But solid solution is quenched
Fire processing meeting is so that generate biggish quenched residual stress, particularly with large-scale, whole, complicated structure in aluminium alloy element
Part, the yield strength of the size of quenched residual stress close to material.Component is in subsequent mechanical process, due to extraneous item
The change of part, component inside quenched residual stress equilibrium state are broken, discharge and redistribute with causing residual stress, processing
Components afterwards generate the metabolies such as serious bending, torsion under the conditions of abandoned.In addition to this, it is quenched in component
The presence of residual stress can also reduce that material is corrosion-resistant, anti-fatigue performance, occur stress corruption during service so as to cause component
The problems such as erosion cracking, this substantially reduces the service life and security performance of component.Therefore, how to efficiently control, cut down
Quenched residual stress in 7XXX line aluminium alloy component is research direction particularly important in the fields such as current aerospace.
Currently used residual stress method for reducing is broadly divided into heat treatment and Mechanical Method.Wherein, heat treatment abatement quenching
Residual stress technique mainly has artificial aging, subzero treatment etc..Mechanical means mainly includes pre-stretching method, cold compression method and vibration
Timeliness etc..
(1) artificial aging.Artificial aging is one of the important process that high-strength/tenacity aluminum alloy obtains excellent mechanical performance.One
As quenched aluminium alloy is heated to 120 DEG C~180 DEG C, keep the temperature the regular hour, then cooled down.When in quenching component
When residual stress is larger, it is heated to during certain temperature and held for some time, alloy material is with grain boundary decision, position
The modes such as Wrong Shipment is dynamic generate creep, so that component inside quenched residual stress is gradually discharged and tended towards stability, the method disappears
Subtract residual stress effect only 30% or so.Artificial aging handles overlong time or the excessively high mechanical property that will lead to aluminium alloy of temperature
It can be substantially reduced.
(2) subzero treatment.Component is exactly put into held for some time in cryogenic media (such as liquid nitrogen, dry ice) by subzero treatment
Afterwards, then fast transfer is kept the temperature into high-temperature medium, after temperature, which reaches, to be balanced, room temperature is finally cooled to, to reach drop
A kind of method of residual stress in low component.This method is only capable of eliminating 30% residual stress.It is carried out in high-temperature steam anti-
Although quenching can reduce aluminium alloy residual stress, the component considerably complicated for structure, difference variation is excessive to be will lead to
Components Shape has greatly changed, and therefore, the method that inverse chill abatement residual stress is carried out in high-temperature steam is more applicable in
The relatively simple component of shape.
(3) oscillating aging.The working principle of the oscillating aging method of residues is to apply one to component using portable excitational equipment
Fixed oscillating load makes metal component generate one or more vibrational states, in the collective effect of oscillating load and residual stress
It is lower to be plastically deformed, to make the reduction of inside workpiece residual stress amplitude.Oscillating aging is to (the spray of the biggish stress of stress gradient
Ball, welding, rolling etc.) there is preferably abatement effect, and oscillating aging overcomes heat aging and can not answer large-scale component remnants
The shortcomings that power is cut down is widely used in the stress reduction of large-scale component, welded unit.
(4) it is pre-stretched method.The principle of pre-stretching method abatement quenched residual stress is certain specific direction application one along component
Quantitative stretching plastic deformation keeps the additional residual stress generated and original quenched residual stress superimposed, disappears to reach
Subtract the purpose of stress.Amount of tension is optimum stretch effect between 2%~3%, i.e. internal stress is greatly reduced, and mechanical performance is sacrificial
Domestic animal is minimum.The method is suitable only for the workpiece of simple shape, to complex-shaped workpiece bad adaptability, is mainly used for rolling in production
The residual stress of panel is cut down.
(5) cold compression method.Cold compression is carried outside certain compression by applying to workpiece, answers it with component inside remnants
Power collective effect makes material that uneven plastic deformation occur, so that quenched residual stress be enable to cut down.Mould in cold compression method
Platen press can cut down part residual stress in complicated component, but also the residual stress of some other part can be made to add
Greatly.Therefore, die pressing be adjust the residual stress in structural member distribution and not pure abatement technique.For large-scale work
Part, load needed for die pressing is very big, and general press machine is unable to satisfy requirement.
The above common aluminium alloy residual stress method for reducing has the characteristics that respective and deficiency, there is certain applicable model
It encloses.Since aerolite forging part at this stage mostly uses the whole design of 7XXX high-strength aluminum alloy and manufacture, dimensions is big,
Structure is complicated, needs to cut down its residual stress under the premise of keeping its excellent mechanical performance, have reached using standard.So
Reduction and control for large complicated aluminum alloy die forgings quenched residual stress require increasingly urgent.
Summary of the invention
The application's aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art.For this purpose, the purpose of the present invention it
One is to provide a kind of method for cutting down large complicated aluminum alloy die forgings residual stress.This method combination mould cold-press method and prestretching
The characteristics of stretching method, cold drawing while cold pressing to forging part, with the big disadvantage of load needed for overcoming mould cold-press method, while again
Residual stress can be effectively reduced.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A method of cutting down large complicated aluminum alloy die forgings residual stress, includes the following steps:
Step 1: large complicated aluminum alloy die forgings are subjected to solution hardening processing；
Step 2: solution hardening treated forging part is subjected to mould cold pressing band drawing and is handled；
Wherein, mould cold pressing band draws treatment process are as follows: applies load, cold stamping die type chamber base to forging part using cold stamping die
This is with forging part shape, and cold stamping die at the top of the gusset of forging part only to being molded, to the web of forging part without molding,
The recess width of cold stamping die is greater than corresponding gusset width；For forging part outer ring gusset, make the punch-pin of cold stamping die
It is embedded in the pattern draft of forging part outer ring gusset, so that the combined deformation of stretching and compression is generated, with forging part outer ring gusset
Corresponding mold groove is reserved with the gap that forging part extends out.
Further, the width of forging part outer ring gusset is greater than the thickness of web.
Further, the fillet of cold stamping die is more than or equal to the corresponding fillet of forging part.
Further, forging part forming process are as follows:
After pre- forging stock is heated to 400-420 DEG C, heat preservation 5-6 hours, forging and molding of coming out of the stove, die forging temperature is 350-
420 DEG C, mold temperature is not less than 380 DEG C, and pre- forging stock is shaped by rolled slab blocking.
Further, solid solubility temperature is 470-480 DEG C, soaking time 2-5h, and the quenching delay time is less than or equal to 15s,
The water that hardening media is 50 DEG C -70 DEG C, quenching process is with strong stirring.
Further, mould cold pressing band draws processing to carry out in 4 hours after solution treatment.
Further, it is with lubricator oil base graphite that mould cold pressing band, which draws processing, is uniformly applied on forging part.
Further, mould cold pressing band draw processing molding capacity be 2%-4%, preferably 3%.
Principle and advantage:
The present invention is from cold-press method the difference is that force direction and deformation are different, and cold-press method is along forging compression direction pressure
Upset(ting) part brings it about the micro-strain along forging side and cuts down residual stress；Mould cold drawing platen press of the present invention is along forging side
Apply pressure, while compressing forging gusset side, web etc. generates the effect of stretcher strain, and the size that exerts a force is much smaller than
Cold-press method.From cold drawing method the difference is that force application structure is different, cold drawing method is clamped workpiece both ends using fixture and is stretched
Deformation, and structure is complicated to be stretched with fixture for forging, and in mould cold drawing platen press of the present invention cold stamping die can make forging generate to
The micro-strain that surrounding extends out.
The present invention stretches forging around by carrying out compressive deformation to forging rib, to reach abatement balance
The effect of forging residual stress, load application is small, and residual stress cuts down significant effect, and (residual stress mean stress value is by 216MPa
It is reduced to 123MPa, elimination factor reaches 57%) and not the mechanical property and following process for influencing workpiece, and processing cost also compares
It is lower, the overall merit with cold drawing method and cold-press method.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that mould cold pressing band draws processing schematic；
Fig. 2 is that embodiment forging mould cold pressing band draws sectional view；
Fig. 3 is residual stress distribution figure after the solid solution of embodiment forging；
Fig. 4 is residual stress distribution figure after embodiment forging mould cold belt drawing processing.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the invention will be further described.
A method of cutting down large complicated aluminum alloy die forgings residual stress, includes the following steps:
Step 1: large complicated aluminum alloy die forgings are subjected to solution hardening processing；
Preferably, forging part forming process are as follows:
After pre- forging stock is heated to 400-420 DEG C, heat preservation 5-6 hours, forging and molding of coming out of the stove, die forging temperature is 350-
420 DEG C, mold temperature is not less than 380 DEG C, and pre- forging stock is shaped by rolled slab blocking, and solid solubility temperature is 470-480 DEG C, when heat preservation
Between be 2-5h, the quenching delay time is less than or equal to 15s, and hardening media is 50 DEG C -70 DEG C of water, and quenching process with stirring strongly
It mixes.
Step 2: solution hardening treated forging part is subjected to mould cold pressing band drawing and is handled；
Wherein, mould cold pressing band draws treatment process are as follows: applies load, cold stamping die type chamber base to forging part using cold stamping die
This is with forging part shape, and cold stamping die at the top of the gusset of forging part only to being molded, to the web of forging part without molding,
The recess width of cold stamping die is greater than corresponding gusset width；For forging part outer ring gusset, make the punch-pin of cold stamping die
It is embedded in the pattern draft of forging part outer ring gusset, so that the combined deformation of stretching and compression is generated, with forging part outer ring gusset
Corresponding mold groove is reserved with the gap that forging part extends out.
Preferably, mould cold pressing band draws processing to carry out in 4 hours after solution treatment, and mould cold pressing band draws processing institute with lubricator
It for oil base graphite, is uniformly applied on forging part, mould cold pressing is 2%-4% with the molding capacity of processing is drawn.
Mould is cold-pressed (drawing) process: needing using specific cold stamping die, mold cavity substantially with forging shape, only press by selection
Rib does not press web, and cold pressing amount is 2%-4%；The reserved space on web, when rib, which is pressurized, generates Light deformation, metal is free
Between flow；For in the rib pattern draft of forging outer ring, cold stamping die will be formed it to the effect extended out, punch-pin is made to be embedded in die forging
In the pattern draft of the strengthening rib strip of part end face, the combined deformation stretched with compression is generated, to eliminate in aluminum alloy die forgings
It is residual to achieve the purpose that die finish tension and compression method disappears for residual stress.It is oil base graphite that cold pressing, which is pulled through journey with lubricator, is uniformly applied to
On forging.
Mould is cold-pressed the characteristics of (drawing) method: it is from cold-press method the difference is that force direction is different, and cold-press method is along forging
Compression direction compresses forging, brings it about the micro-strain along forging side and cuts down residual stress；Mould is cold-pressed daraf(reciprocal of farad) along forging
Side applies pressure, and while compressing forging gusset side, web etc. generates the effect of stretcher strain, and the size that exerts a force is remote
Less than cold-press method.Its from cold drawing method the difference is that force application structure is different, cold drawing method using fixture clamp workpiece both ends into
Row stretcher strain, and structure is complicated to be stretched with fixture for forging；And specific mold can be such that forging generates in mould cold drawing platen press
The micro-strain extended out around.
The present invention will make forging that small stretcher strain integrally occur, then forging tension rib width is not less than the thickness of web
Degree, outer rib width as shown in Figure 1 is bigger than web thickness, and the fillet of mold should be not less than the corresponding fillet of forging, with guarantee by
The amount of overcoming is uniform.The gap that forging deformation should be reserved on mold, that is, needing at the mold at the top of beading item, recess width is wanted
Greater than rib width herein, and the mold groove corresponding to forging outside should also reserve the gap that forging extends out, will be as
Shown in Fig. 2.
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated.
7050 aluminum alloy blanks are processed into design shape, 425 DEG C of heat preservation 8h are heated in dedicated aluminium alloy resistance furnace,
It is forged in blocker, blocker temperature is between 400-450 DEG C.It is air-cooled to room temperature after the completion of blocking, is machined to design
Pre- forging shape is heated to 420 DEG C of heat preservation 8h, is forged in finisher, finisher temperature is between 400-450 DEG C, mould
It is air-cooled after forging.Then it after forging being reheated to 470 DEG C of heat preservation 5h, is quenched with 60 DEG C of warm water, and stir strongly, cold
It carries out mould cold pressing band drawing on compression mould to handle, decrement 3%.Residual stress distribution and the cold pressing of forging mould after forging solution hardening
Residual stress distribution is as shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4 after drawing, it can be seen from the figure that by the residual of mould cold pressing band drawing treated forging
Residue stress mean stress value is reduced to 123MPa by 216MPa, and elimination factor reaches 57%.
Above-described embodiment is only to clearly demonstrate examples made by the present invention, rather than the restriction to embodiment.For
For those of ordinary skill in the art, other various forms of variations or change can also be made on the basis of the above description
It is dynamic.Here without can not be also exhaustive to all embodiments.And the obvious variation or change thus amplified out
It is dynamic to be still in the protection scope of this invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of method for cutting down large complicated aluminum alloy die forgings residual stress, which comprises the steps of:
Step 1: large complicated aluminum alloy die forgings are subjected to solution hardening processing；
Step 2: solution hardening treated forging part is subjected to mould cold pressing band drawing and is handled；
Wherein, mould cold pressing band draw treatment process are as follows: using cold stamping die to forging part apply load, cold stamping die type chamber substantially with
Forging part shape, cold stamping die at the top of the gusset of forging part only to being molded, to the web of forging part without molding, cold pressing
The recess width of mold is greater than corresponding gusset width；For forging part outer ring gusset, it is embedded in the punch-pin of cold stamping die
In the pattern draft of forging part outer ring gusset, to generate the combined deformation of stretching and compression, institute is right with forging part outer ring gusset
The mold groove answered is reserved with the gap that forging part extends out.
2. the method for the large complicated aluminum alloy die forgings residual stress of abatement according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: mould
The width of forging outer ring gusset is greater than the thickness of web.
3. the method for the large complicated aluminum alloy die forgings residual stress of abatement according to claim 1 or 2, feature exist
In: the fillet of cold stamping die is more than or equal to the corresponding fillet of forging part.
4. the method for the large complicated aluminum alloy die forgings residual stress of abatement according to claim 1 or 2, feature exist
In forging part forming process are as follows:
After pre- forging stock is heated to 400-420 DEG C, heat preservation 5-6 hours, forging and molding of coming out of the stove, die forging temperature is 350-420
DEG C, mold temperature is not less than 380 DEG C, and pre- forging stock is shaped by rolled slab blocking.
5. the method for the large complicated aluminum alloy die forgings residual stress of abatement according to claim 1 or 2, feature exist
It is 470-480 DEG C, soaking time 2-5h in: solid solubility temperature, the quenching delay time is less than or equal to 15s, and hardening media is 50 DEG C-
70 DEG C of water, quenching process is with strong stirring.
6. the method for the large complicated aluminum alloy die forgings residual stress of abatement according to claim 1 or 2, feature exist
In: mould cold pressing band draws processing to carry out in 4 hours after solution treatment.
7. the method for the large complicated aluminum alloy die forgings residual stress of abatement according to claim 1 or 2, feature exist
In: it is with lubricator oil base graphite that mould cold pressing band, which draws processing, is uniformly applied on forging part.
8. the method for the large complicated aluminum alloy die forgings residual stress of abatement according to claim 1 or 2, feature exist
In: mould cold pressing is 2%-4% with the molding capacity of processing is drawn.
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Cited By (8)
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| CN110158000A (en) * | 2019-05-29 | 2019-08-23 | 中国第二重型机械集团德阳万航模锻有限责任公司 | A method of abatement alloy plate residual stress |
| CN110468360A (en) * | 2019-08-02 | 2019-11-19 | 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 | A method of reducing high strength alumin ium alloy large size frame class forging part quenched residual stress |
| CN111753453A (en) * | 2020-06-29 | 2020-10-09 | 湖南大学 | High-precision simulation method for high-strength steel die forging forming process |
| CN112941434A (en) * | 2020-12-28 | 2021-06-11 | 西南铝业（集团）有限责任公司 | Method for controlling high-precision size of precision die forging of passenger observation window frame |
| CN113210480A (en) * | 2021-03-22 | 2021-08-06 | 湖南大学 | Method for eliminating residual stress of basin-shaped special-shaped forge piece |
| CN114292993A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-04-08 | 西南铝业（集团）有限责任公司 | Device for eliminating residual stress of forging |
| CN114411071A (en) * | 2022-01-18 | 2022-04-29 | 宁波江丰电子材料股份有限公司 | Treatment method for reducing quenching residual stress of aluminum alloy material and aluminum alloy material |
| CN115446610A (en) * | 2022-07-21 | 2022-12-09 | 成都飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司 | Method for eliminating residual stress by cold pressing |
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| CN110158000A (en) * | 2019-05-29 | 2019-08-23 | 中国第二重型机械集团德阳万航模锻有限责任公司 | A method of abatement alloy plate residual stress |
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| CN110468360A (en) * | 2019-08-02 | 2019-11-19 | 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 | A method of reducing high strength alumin ium alloy large size frame class forging part quenched residual stress |
| CN111753453A (en) * | 2020-06-29 | 2020-10-09 | 湖南大学 | High-precision simulation method for high-strength steel die forging forming process |
| CN111753453B (en) * | 2020-06-29 | 2022-06-14 | 湖南大学 | High-precision simulation method for high-strength steel die forging forming process |
| CN112941434A (en) * | 2020-12-28 | 2021-06-11 | 西南铝业（集团）有限责任公司 | Method for controlling high-precision size of precision die forging of passenger observation window frame |
| CN113210480A (en) * | 2021-03-22 | 2021-08-06 | 湖南大学 | Method for eliminating residual stress of basin-shaped special-shaped forge piece |
| CN113210480B (en) * | 2021-03-22 | 2022-07-05 | 湖南大学 | Method for eliminating residual stress of basin-shaped special-shaped forge piece |
| CN114292993A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-04-08 | 西南铝业（集团）有限责任公司 | Device for eliminating residual stress of forging |
| CN114292993B (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2024-01-19 | 西南铝业（集团）有限责任公司 | Device for eliminating residual stress of forging |
| CN114411071A (en) * | 2022-01-18 | 2022-04-29 | 宁波江丰电子材料股份有限公司 | Treatment method for reducing quenching residual stress of aluminum alloy material and aluminum alloy material |
| CN115446610A (en) * | 2022-07-21 | 2022-12-09 | 成都飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司 | Method for eliminating residual stress by cold pressing |
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| CN109234653B (en) | 2020-07-07 |
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