CN109233845A - A kind of preparation process of long-acting compound formulation that administering Cadmium Pollution in Soils - Google Patents
A kind of preparation process of long-acting compound formulation that administering Cadmium Pollution in Soils Download PDFInfo
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- CN109233845A CN109233845A CN201810957751.0A CN201810957751A CN109233845A CN 109233845 A CN109233845 A CN 109233845A CN 201810957751 A CN201810957751 A CN 201810957751A CN 109233845 A CN109233845 A CN 109233845A
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- passivator
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/08—Reclamation of contaminated soil chemically
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to soil conditioner fields, and in particular to a kind of preparation process for the long-acting compound formulation for administering Cadmium Pollution in Soils.Use the specific technical proposal is: a kind of passivator, in parts by weight, formula are as follows: 45~50 parts of active fruit shell carbon, 35~40 parts of alkaline phosphate chelating agent, 10~20 parts of water-soluble resin, 10~20 parts of water-soluble silicate.The passivation agent material is natural, will not cause secondary pollution to soil；To the Cd in soil2+Equal heavy metal cations pollutant has superpower adsorptivity and Precipitation Potential, can be effectively relieved or release plant " cadmium poisoning "；And effect is lasting, in a short time without reusing.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to soil conditioner fields, and in particular to a kind of system for the long-acting compound formulation for administering Cadmium Pollution in Soils
Standby technique.
Background technique
China is a large agricultural country, with the continuous development of agricultural production, heavy metal pollution of soil especially cadmium pollution
Problem is got worse.It is estimated that China is every year because the grain of heavy metal pollution is up to 12,000,000 tons, caused by direct economic loss it is super
Cross 20,000,000,000 yuan.Moreover, heavy metal pollution of soil problem is directly related to food-safety problem.
Passivating technique is considered as administering one of most effective measure of heavy metal pollution of soil.By changing the weight in soil
The form of metal form especially cadmium, the heavy metal being passivated in soil, the absorption for reducing or avoiding crop to heavy metal can be with ring
Guarantor efficiently solves heavy metal pollution of soil problem, and it is easy to operate, investment is relatively low.
Currently, more common passivator includes charcoal, ground phosphate rock, sepiolite, quick lime etc..But these are used alone
All there is the problems such as weaker to the adsorption capacity of heavy metal especially cadmium, dosage is larger, the duration is short in passivator.In rice
For middle application charcoal, rice, which needs to apply several tons of charcoals, per acre could play this season rice preferable inhibition heavy metal
The effect of absorption, and when to next season, and the charcoal applied at the same rate is needed to can be only achieved ideal effect, it causes
The serious wasting of resources；Meanwhile charcoal is lighter, simple charcoal of applying is easy to produce fugitive dust, while wasting material
Also pollute the environment.
In addition, existing play the role of obviously inhibiting the study found that applying silicon and absorbing cadmium to crops, plant pair can be improved
The patience of cadmium reduces or releases cadmium and poisons to the physiology of plant.The silicon of debita spissitudo may also help in the photosynthetic work for promoting plant
With reinforcement root activity etc..It therefore, is also present one of research hotspot using silicate as soil conditioner.But present one
As silicate be prepared as aqueous solution apply, effect is substantially " disposable ", and usage amount is bigger than normal.
Therefore, the preparation process for developing a kind of environmentally friendly long-acting slow-release passivator for rationally utilizing silicate, has
Important realistic meaning.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of preparation processes of long-acting compound formulation for administering Cadmium Pollution in Soils.
For achieving the above object, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is that: a kind of passivator preparation process, by weight
Number, by 45~50 parts of active fruit shell carbon, 35~40 parts of alkaline phosphate chelating agent, 10~20 parts of water-soluble resin, water solubility
10~20 parts of silicate plus water mixing, are drying to obtain the passivator.
Preferably, in parts by weight, by 47 parts of active fruit shell carbon, 36 parts of alkaline phosphate chelating agent, water-soluble resin 15
Part, 10 parts of water-soluble silicate plus water mix, and are drying to obtain the passivator.
Correspondingly, a kind of passivator preparation process, includes the following steps:
(1) in parts by weight, 45~50 parts of active fruit shell carbons and 35~40 parts of alkaline phosphate chelating agents are mixed, is dry
Dry, sieving, control mesh number are 50~100 mesh, obtain granular mixture；
(2) in parts by weight, 10~20 parts of water-soluble resins are prepared as emulsion, add 10~20 parts of water-soluble silicons
Hydrochlorate mixes, obtains cladding solution；
(3) cladding solution is coated processing to the granular mixture, up to the passivator after drying.
Preferably, the active fruit shell carbon is by one of coconut husk, walnut shell, chestnut shell, apricot shell, peach shell or a variety of mixing
After be prepared.
Preferably, the alkaline phosphate chelating agent is dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, potassium pyrophosphate, three potassium pyrophosphates, phosphoric acid hydrogen two
One of sodium, sodium pyrophosphate, three sodium pyrophosphates a variety of mix.
Preferably, the water-soluble resin is Lauxite.
Preferably, the water-soluble silicate is sodium metasilicate.
Correspondingly, prepared passivator is in the application administered in heavy metal pollution of soil.
Preferably, the amount of application of the passivator is 3~5kg/ mus.
Preferably, the application method are as follows: the surface layer of the passivator and soil to be administered is sufficiently mixed, it is described wait control
The depth for managing the surface layer of soil refers to the planted crop root average length depth of soil achieved of the soil.
The invention has the following advantages:
1, active fruit shell carbon has loose porous structure, and micropore (diameter is between 0.45~2.0mm) can be accounted for
The 90% of all pore structures, specific surface area can reach 1000m2/ g or more, therefore to the Cd in soil2+Equal heavy metal cations are dirty
Dye object has superpower adsorptivity, and active fruit shell carbon has drawn from coconut husk, walnut shell, chestnut shell, apricot shell, peach shell, sawdust etc. naturally
Environment-friendly materials will not cause secondary pollution to soil.
2, alkaline phosphate chelating agent can be with the Cd in soil2+Chelation occurs for equal heavy metal cations, is formed and is stablized
Chelate, promote heavy metal ion precipitating solidification, while forming alkaline environment in the soil, improve the environment of acid soil.
Alkaline environment can also play the role of further strengthening in adsorption process of the active fruit shell carbon to metal cation.Phosphate exists
It is alternatively arranged as phosphorus element fertilizer while administering Cadmium Pollution in Soils, the necessary P elements of growth is provided for crops, increases crop
Yield improves crop quality.
3, water-soluble resin and water-soluble silicate is used in combination as sustained release coating film, the film of sustained release coating film in the present invention
Less than 1 μm, water can only be passed in and out micropore in the form of hydrone, and the small passivator particle inside sustained release coating film can not directly lead to
It crosses, osmosis can only be leaned on gradually to discharge, the heavy metals such as cadmium ion in soil are gradually passivated.It can also be by adjusting water
The dosage of soluble resin and water-soluble silicate adjusts membrane micropore diameter, makes to absorb in release process and plant growing process
The S type curve matching of nutrient, can carry out the improvement operation of cadmium metal pollution, in the plant growth complete period to reach adsorptivity
Excellent passivation effect good, persistence is strong, while labor intensity can also be reduced, shorten working time, save preparation dosage, improve
Crop yield and quality.
4, over time, the water-soluble silicate on sustained release coating film is gradually carried out with the cadmium ion in soil anti-
It answers, constantly precipitating cadmium ion；Meanwhile the alkaline environment that internal alkaline phosphate chelating agent provides promotes the anti-of cadmium ion
It answers, generates a variety of compound cadmiums being activated again that are difficult to and precipitate.After water-soluble silicate reaction on film, membrane micropore gradually increases
Greatly, the passivator particle inside sustained release coating film constantly discharges, and enhances soil passivation.
It after silicate enters soil, also can effectively inhibit absorption of the plant to cadmium ion, alleviate or release plant " in cadmium
Poison ".Meanwhile under the action of water-soluble resin, silicate slow release, and it is non-disposable, fully enter soil, realize and hold
The continuous effect to play a role.
Specific embodiment
One, it is sustained the formula of composite passivant are as follows:
In parts by weight, 45~50 parts of active fruit shell carbon, 35~40 parts of alkaline phosphate chelating agent, water-soluble resin 10~
20 parts, 10~20 parts of water-soluble silicate.
The active fruit shell carbon is prepared by shell (one of coconut husk, walnut shell, chestnut shell, apricot shell, peach shell or a variety of)
It forms.
The alkaline phosphate chelating agent is dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, potassium pyrophosphate, three potassium pyrophosphates, disodium hydrogen phosphate, burnt phosphorus
One of sour sodium, three sodium pyrophosphates a variety of mix.
The water-soluble resin is one of common water-soluble resin such as Lauxite, polyethylene oxide or a variety of mixing
It forms, preferably Lauxite.
The water-soluble silicate is preferably sodium metasilicate.
Two, be sustained composite passivant specific the preparation method comprises the following steps:
It is dried after each substance described in formula being added water to mix, sustained release composite passivant can be obtained.But it obtains
There may be active fruit shell carbon, alkaline phosphate chelating agents to be wrapped by incomplete situation for passivator, and slow release effect is bad.
Covering liquid can also be first prepared, then cladding processing is carried out to active fruit shell carbon and alkaline phosphate chelating agent, specifically
Method is as follows:
It 1, can directly commercially available required active fruit shell carbon；Shell can also be crushed, 2~3h is impregnated in hydrochloric acid solution, Gu
Liquid separation, drying carbonize to obtain active fruit shell carbon.
It is sieved to active fruit shell carbon, control mesh number is 170~270 mesh, specific surface area >=1000m2/ g, iodine number >=
900mg/g, benzene absorption >=400mg/g.
2, the active fruit shell carbon and alkaline phosphate chelating agent are mixed, is pelletized as granular mixture, drying, mistake
Sieve, control mesh number are 50~100 mesh.
3, the water-soluble resin is prepared into emulsion, after water-soluble silicate mixing is added, obtains cladding solution, it is right
Above-mentioned granular mixture is coated processing, is sustained composite passivant to obtain the final product after dry.
When the water-soluble resin is Lauxite, Lauxite-silicate pre-polymerization liquid can also be first prepared, then in emulsifier
Under the action of dispersed encapsulated granular mixture.Specific steps are as follows: urea and 35% formalin are first mixed into (urea and formaldehyde
Molar ratio be 1:1~1:1.5), adjusting pH is 7~8, be to slowly warm up to 65~75 DEG C, be stirred to react 30min~1h, then plus
Enter water-soluble silicate mixing, obtains Lauxite-silicate pre-polymerization liquid.The granular mixture is added, adding quality is
The emulsifier of granular mixture quality 1%~5% (can be alkyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether, aliphatic acid polyethenoxy ether, carboxylic acid
Polyoxyethylene ester, tetradecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride, octadecyltrimethylammonium chloride etc. are normal
See surfactant), it mixes well, filters, dries to get sustained release composite passivant.
Three, it is sustained the application method of composite passivant are as follows:
Dosage is 3~5kg/ mus, and the topsoil for being sustained composite passivant and soil to be processed is sufficiently mixed.The table
Layer soil refers to depth of soil involved in the planted crop root average length of soil.For example, soil planting crop to be processed is jade
Rice, average root length is 80cm, then is sufficiently mixed the soil of passivator and surface layer 80cm.
The present invention is further explained combined with specific embodiments below.
Embodiment
1, using above-mentioned formula and preparation method, 18 groups of sustained release composite passivants are prepared.Wherein, using self-control and commercially available fruit
The effect of shell active carbon is suitable, and for convenience of operating, active fruit shell carbon used in embodiment is commercially available.
The specific preparation parameter of each embodiment is as shown in table 1.
The specific preparation parameter of each embodiment of table 1
2, respectively using equivalent clear water as blank control group, using the commercially available heavy metal deactivator of equivalent as the (purchase of positive controls 1
From Beijing Beifang Yongbang Technology Co.ltd Zhengzhou branch company), using above-mentioned 18 groups of sustained release composite passivants to soil into
Row cadmium Inactivation experiment.Testing soil used is faintly acid, pH 4.56, and total concentration of cadmium ions is 1.53mg/kg in soil, effectively
Cadmium (cadmium that can be absorbed by crops) concentration is 0.79mg/kg.
The amount of application for being sustained composite passivant is 3kg/ mus, method of administration are as follows: by sustained release composite passivant and table to be processed
Layer soil is sufficiently mixed.The topsoil refers to depth of soil involved in the planted crop root average length of soil.
It is sprayed on soil surface to be processed with sustained release composite passivant Direct Uniform prepared by embodiment 1, the amount of spraying is
3kg/ mus, as positive controls 2.
The 10th day, 30 days, 60 days, 90 days after application, soil different depth is extracted with EDTA-2Na respectively
Effective cadmium measures average effective cadmium content with Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.Effective cadmium content of each group different times such as table 2
Shown (unit: mg/kg).
The effect of each embodiment of table 2 is shown
Claims (10)
1. a kind of passivator preparation process, it is characterised in that: in parts by weight, by 45~50 parts of active fruit shell carbon, alkaline phosphatase
35~40 parts of salt chelating agent, 10~20 parts of water-soluble resin, 10~20 parts of water-soluble silicate plus water mix, and are drying to obtain described
Passivator.
2. passivator preparation process according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in parts by weight, by 47 parts of active fruit shell carbon,
36 parts of alkaline phosphate chelating agent, 15 parts of water-soluble resin, 10 parts of water-soluble silicate plus water mix, and are drying to obtain the passivation
Agent.
3. a kind of passivator preparation process, characterized by the following steps:
(1) in parts by weight, 45~50 parts of active fruit shell carbons and 35~40 parts of alkaline phosphate chelating agents are mixed, dry, mistake
Sieve, control mesh number are 50~100 mesh, obtain granular mixture；
(2) in parts by weight, 10~20 parts of water-soluble resins are prepared as emulsion, add 10~20 parts of water-soluble silicic acid
Salt mixes, obtains cladding solution；
(3) cladding solution is coated processing to the granular mixture, up to the passivator after drying.
4. passivator preparation process according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: the active fruit shell carbon is by coconut husk, walnut
It is prepared after one of shell, chestnut shell, apricot shell, peach shell or a variety of mixing.
5. passivator preparation process according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: the alkaline phosphate chelating agent is phosphoric acid
One of hydrogen dipotassium, potassium pyrophosphate, three potassium pyrophosphates, disodium hydrogen phosphate, sodium pyrophosphate, three sodium pyrophosphates or it is a variety of mixing and
At.
6. passivator preparation process according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: the water-soluble resin is Lauxite.
7. passivator preparation process according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: the water-soluble silicate is sodium metasilicate.
8. passivator prepared by claims 1 to 3 any one is in the application administered in heavy metal pollution of soil.
9. passivator is in the application administered in heavy metal pollution of soil according to claim 8, it is characterised in that: the passivation
The amount of application of agent is 3~5kg/ mus.
10. passivator is in the application administered in heavy metal pollution of soil according to claim 9, it is characterised in that: application side
Method are as follows: be sufficiently mixed the surface layer of the passivator and soil to be administered, the depth on the surface layer of the soil to be administered refers to described
The planted crop root average length depth of soil achieved of soil.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810957751.0A CN109233845A (en) | 2018-08-22 | 2018-08-22 | A kind of preparation process of long-acting compound formulation that administering Cadmium Pollution in Soils |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810957751.0A CN109233845A (en) | 2018-08-22 | 2018-08-22 | A kind of preparation process of long-acting compound formulation that administering Cadmium Pollution in Soils |
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| CN109233845A true CN109233845A (en) | 2019-01-18 |
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| CN201810957751.0A Pending CN109233845A (en) | 2018-08-22 | 2018-08-22 | A kind of preparation process of long-acting compound formulation that administering Cadmium Pollution in Soils |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111303893A (en) * | 2020-03-27 | 2020-06-19 | 重庆市环境保护工程设计研究院有限公司 | Composite passivator for reducing soil available cadmium and compound optimization method |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111303893A (en) * | 2020-03-27 | 2020-06-19 | 重庆市环境保护工程设计研究院有限公司 | Composite passivator for reducing soil available cadmium and compound optimization method |
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Effective date of registration: 20200717 Address after: 610081 No. 22 Gaopeng Avenue, Chengdu High-tech Zone, Sichuan Province Applicant after: Sichuan yekan Design Group Co.,Ltd. Address before: 610094 Tianfu First Street, Chengdu High-tech Zone, Sichuan Province, No. 369, Building 1, Unit 21, 2110 Applicant before: CHENGDU LANTENG TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd. |
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Application publication date: 20190118 |