Weak electric pulse activation-quenching agglomeration desalting reactor for treating wastewater
Technical Field
The invention relates to a weak electric pulse activation-quenching agglomeration desalting reactor for treating industrial wastewater, belonging to the field of wastewater treatment in environmental protection.
Background
Under the background of global climate change and energy shortage, a low-carbon economic development mode based on low energy consumption, low pollution and low emission is valued, and the steel industry as the industry with high energy consumption and multiple emissions bears important responsibility in the work of energy conservation and emission reduction advocated by global low-carbon economy.
The steel industry has become an important force for leading the world steel industry as a basic industry for industrial development in China, and the scale and development momentum of the Chinese steel industry draw attention to the world. However, the steel industry is not only a water-consuming consumer but also a pollution-discharging consumer, and with the rapid development of the modern industry, the problems of the water consumption sharply increased, the water resource shortage, the serious water pollution and the like become the bottleneck of the development of the steel industry in China. To solve the problem, the most direct, economic and effective way is to research and develop a set of advanced steel industry wastewater purification treatment technology.
The research work of the steel industry wastewater purification treatment technology and equipment is work with great social benefit and economic benefit, but in the wastewater treatment process of steel enterprises, if a desalination treatment process is not arranged, the salt content of the treated wastewater is very high, and after the wastewater is used as circulating water and is concentrated by high times, the concentration of various ions in the wastewater is increased, a series of physical and chemical changes can be generated, so that the corrosion and scaling of a pipeline system are caused, the normal operation of the equipment is seriously influenced, and the service life of the equipment is shortened.
At present, the desalination technology of the wastewater of the steel industry in China mainly comprises three types, namely an ion exchange method, a double-membrane desalination method and an electro-adsorption desalination method.
(1) Ion exchange method:
the ion exchange method is a mature and effective water treatment process, and the desalting effect is good. However, the method has the defects of large occupied area of equipment, frequent and complex system operation and maintenance and periodic fluctuation of effluent quality, and is easy to generate secondary pollution and not beneficial to the protection of ecological environment because a flocculating agent needs to be added and a large amount of acid and alkali is consumed.
(2) Double-membrane desalination method:
the double-membrane desalination method mainly refers to a treatment process of ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis, and the process mainly adopts a membrane separation technology to prepare desalted water.
The ultrafiltration principle is a principle of a membrane separation process, and utilizes an organic or inorganic ultrafiltration membrane to intercept colloids, particles and high molecular weight substances in water under the action of external pressure, while water molecules and small solute particles can permeate the ultrafiltration membrane. After the water passes through the ultrafiltration membrane, most of the colloidal silica contained in the water can be removed, and a large amount of organic matters and the like can be removed. Reverse osmosis is a process in which the solvent in solution is separated by a reverse osmosis membrane with sufficient pressure to reverse the direction of natural osmosis, and is therefore referred to as reverse osmosis.
The double-membrane desalination method has the advantages of high water production quality, high automatic control degree, easy operation and control and the like. However, the method also has the defects of high requirement on the quality of inlet water, small impact resistance, difficult repair of membrane damage and the like, and meanwhile, a large amount of chemical agents such as scale inhibitors and the like are required to be used in the process of using membrane outlet water.
(3) Electro-adsorption desalination method:
the electro-adsorption desalination technology is a new water purification technology, and the basic principle is that salt-containing water flows between a positive electrode and a negative electrode, ions in water respectively migrate to the electrodes with opposite charges when the water is electrified, and the ions are adsorbed on the surfaces of the electrodes by the electrodes to form an electric double layer. Along with the enrichment and concentration of ions/charged particles on the surface of the electrode, the concentration of dissolved salts, colloidal particles and other charged substances in water is greatly reduced, thereby realizing the desalting, hardness removal and purification of water. During regeneration, only the electrode needs to be short-circuited, and adsorbed ions are released from the surface of the electrode so that the electrode is regenerated.
The electro-adsorption desalination method is of interest because of its high practicability, wide application range and low treatment cost. The electro-adsorption technology has wide application prospect in the fields of iron and steel industry circulating water desalination treatment and wastewater recycling. However, the electro-adsorption desalination technology has disadvantages, such as that the desalination efficiency needs to be further improved, the self-regeneration time of the electrode is longer, and generally accounts for one third of the whole period, and the water yield is influenced.
At present, the existing method for treating inorganic salts in the wastewater in the iron and steel industry has the problems of large occupied area of equipment, frequent and complex system operation and maintenance, small impact resistance, easy damage of equipment, low desalting efficiency, secondary pollution and the like. Therefore, there is a need to get rid of the existing treatment technical idea, develop a new way for treating the salt-containing wastewater in the steel industry, and further develop a new form of treatment technology for inorganic salts in the wastewater in the steel industry.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a weak-current pulse activation-rapid cooling agglomeration desalting reactor for treating wastewater, wherein a water inlet valve is arranged at the top of the reactor, 1 magnetized nickel metal net is fixed in the middle position in the reactor, 1 low-voltage underwater electrode is respectively arranged on each side of the magnetized nickel metal net, 1 group of cooling pipes are arranged below the magnetized nickel metal net, the tail ends of the cooling pipes are connected with 1 set of circulating refrigerating unit, 1 set of heat-insulating precipitation tank is arranged at the bottom of the reactor, a water drainage valve is arranged at the upper part of the right side of the heat-insulating precipitation tank, a sludge discharge port is arranged at the bottom of the right side, and 1 electric sludge pushing machine is arranged at the.
Wherein, the iron and steel industry waste water containing inorganic salts enters the reactor through a water inlet valve positioned at the top of the weak electric pulse activation-rapid cooling agglomeration desalting reactor, at the moment, low-pressure underwater electrodes positioned on two side walls of the reactor are started to activate inorganic salt ions in the waste water in a pulse discharge mode, the inorganic salt ions subjected to the activation can be converged on the surface of a magnetized nickel metal mesh positioned in the middle of the reactor and are converted into ionic powder clusters with high specific surface energy and unstable thermodynamics, the waste water containing the ionic powder clusters is rapidly cooled when passing through a cooling pipe, the ionic powder clusters in the waste water can be rapidly subjected to molecular agglomeration and are separated from the solution to form suspended matters so as to reduce the free enthalpy of the whole solution dispersion system, and then the waste water containing the suspended matters enters a heat preservation precipitation tank positioned at the bottom of the reactor, under keeping microthermal state, the suspended solid in the waste water can not take place to dissolve to can progressively subside to heat preservation precipitation tank bottom, form salt mud, under the promotion of electronic mud pushing machine, arrange the mouth discharge reactor through the mud that is located heat preservation precipitation tank right side bottom, and retrieve and recycle, simultaneously, the waste water after the desalination purification treatment passes through the drain valve discharge reactor that is located heat preservation precipitation tank right side upper portion, and enters next processing procedure. Wherein, the aeration tank is used for carrying out preliminary oxidative decomposition treatment on the residual COD in the wastewater through an aerobic aeration process; wherein, the biological oxidation filter tank is used for carrying out final advanced purification treatment on the residual COD of the wastewater.
Wherein the effective volume of the weak electric pulse activation-quenching agglomeration desalting reactor is 260m3The effective volume of the heat-preservation precipitation tank is 225m3The heat insulating material is phenolic foam resin with heat conductivity coefficient of 0.028W/m.k and applicable temperature range of-60 ~ 150 deg.c.
Wherein the peak voltage of a low-voltage underwater electrode of the weak-current pulse activation-quenching agglomeration desalting reactor is 45V, the pulse discharge frequency is 25 ~ 35 times/second, and the service life is more than 8000 h.
Wherein, the refrigerating capacity of a circulating refrigerating unit of the weak electric pulse activation-rapid cooling agglomeration desalting reactor is 99760kcal/h, the power is 116kW, the working voltage is 220V, the average flow of a cooling pipe is 30m3/h。
The removal efficiency of inorganic salt ions of the wastewater treated by the system can reach 99.5 percent.
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) the reactor breaks away from the existing technical idea of treating inorganic salts in industrial wastewater, creatively utilizes the characteristic that inorganic salts in aqueous solution can be pulverized and converged under the action of weak electricity, low-voltage pulse current is applied to wastewater containing inorganic salts with higher concentration, inorganic salt ions can be converged on a magnetized metal surface and converted into ion powder clusters, when the aqueous solution is cooled and rapidly cooled, the ion powder clusters in the solution can be rapidly subjected to molecular condensation and separated from the solution to form suspended matters, and the suspended matters are removed from the aqueous solution in a precipitation mode under the condition of keeping low temperature.
(2) The reactor removes inorganic salts in the wastewater by using a pure physical means through the synergistic effect of electrochemistry and thermochemistry, is not suitable for any chemical substance, thereby eliminating the risk of introducing more harmful chemical substances and fundamentally avoiding secondary pollution.
(3) After the purification treatment of the reactor, the separated inorganic salt sludge is intensively recovered and can be used for producing building materials such as cement and the like, thereby realizing the reutilization of resources.
(4) The reactor has advanced design principle, small floor area of equipment, lower construction cost, better treatment effect and low operation and maintenance cost, and is favorable for large-scale popularization and application.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a weak electric pulse activation-quench agglomeration desalting reactor.
In the figure: 51-water inlet valve, 52-magnetized nickel metal net, 53-low-voltage underwater electrode, 54-cooling pipe, 55-circulating refrigerating unit, 56-heat preservation settling tank, 57-water discharge valve, 58-electric mud pusher and 59-mud discharge port.
Detailed Description
As shown in figure 1, a weak electric pulse activation-rapid cooling agglomeration desalting reactor for treating wastewater, a weak electric pulse activation-rapid cooling agglomeration desalting reactor 5 is made of hard glass fiber reinforced plastic, and the top of the reactor is provided with a water inlet valve 511 magnetized nickel metal net 52 is fixed in the middle of the reactor, 1 low-voltage underwater electrode 53 is respectively installed on two sides of the magnetized nickel metal net 52, 1 group of cooling pipes 54 are arranged below the magnetized nickel metal net 52, the tail end of each cooling pipe 54 is connected with 1 set of circulating refrigeration unit 55, 1 set of heat-insulating precipitation tank 56 is arranged at the bottom of the reactor, a water drainage valve 57 is arranged at the upper part of the right side of the heat-insulating precipitation tank 56, a sludge discharge port 59 is arranged at the bottom of the right side, and 1 electric sludge pusher 58 is installed at the bottom of the left side; the iron and steel industry waste water containing inorganic salts enters the interior of a weak electric pulse activation-rapid cooling agglomeration desalting reactor 5 through a water inlet valve 51 positioned at the top of the reactor, at the moment, low-pressure underwater electrodes 53 positioned on two side walls of the reactor are started to activate inorganic salt ions in the waste water in a pulse discharge mode, the inorganic salt ions subjected to the activation can be converged on the surface of a magnetized nickel metal net 52 positioned in the middle of the reactor and are converted into ionic powder clusters with high specific surface energy and unstable thermodynamics, the waste water containing the ionic powder clusters is rapidly cooled when passing through a cooling pipe 54, the ionic powder clusters in the waste water can be rapidly subjected to molecular agglomeration and are separated from the solution to form suspended matters so as to reduce the free enthalpy of the whole solution dispersion system, and then the waste water containing the suspended matters enters a heat preservation precipitation tank 56 positioned at the bottom of the reactor, under the state of keeping microthermal, the suspended solid in the waste water can not take place to dissolve to can progressively subside to heat preservation precipitation tank 56 bottom, form salt mud, under the promotion of electronic mud pushing machine 58, discharge the reactor through the mud drain 59 that is located heat preservation precipitation tank 56 right side bottom, and retrieve and recycle, simultaneously, the waste water after the desalination purification treatment passes through the drainage valve 57 that is located heat preservation precipitation tank 56 right side upper portion and discharges the reactor, and enters next processing procedure. Wherein, the aeration tank 6 is used for carrying out preliminary oxidative decomposition treatment on the residual COD in the wastewater through an aerobic aeration process; wherein, the biological oxidation filter 7 is used for carrying out final deep purification treatment on the residual COD of the wastewater. Wherein the effective volume of the weak electric pulse activation-quenching agglomeration desalting reactor 5 is 260m3The effective volume of the heat-preservation precipitation tank 56 is 225m3The heat insulating material is phenolic foam resin with heat conductivity coefficient of 0.028W/m.k and applicable temperature range of60-60 ~ 150 ℃, wherein the peak voltage of a low-pressure underwater electrode 53 of the weak electric pulse activation-rapid cooling agglomeration desalting reactor 5 is 45V, the pulse discharge frequency is 25 ~ 35 times/second, and the service life is more than 8000h, the refrigerating capacity of a circulating refrigerating unit 55 of the weak electric pulse activation-rapid cooling agglomeration desalting reactor 5 is 99760kcal/h, the power is 116kW, the working voltage is 220V, and the average flow of a cooling pipe 54 is 30m3/h。
The removal efficiency of inorganic salt ions of the wastewater treated by the system can reach 99.5 percent.