CN109220650B - Method for preventing and controlling weeds in rice field - Google Patents
Method for preventing and controlling weeds in rice field Download PDFInfo
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- CN109220650B CN109220650B CN201811062137.4A CN201811062137A CN109220650B CN 109220650 B CN109220650 B CN 109220650B CN 201811062137 A CN201811062137 A CN 201811062137A CN 109220650 B CN109220650 B CN 109220650B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/18—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing the group —CO—N<, e.g. carboxylic acid amides or imides; Thio analogues thereof
- A01N37/22—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing the group —CO—N<, e.g. carboxylic acid amides or imides; Thio analogues thereof the nitrogen atom being directly attached to an aromatic ring system, e.g. anilides
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N39/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing aryloxy- or arylthio-aliphatic or cycloaliphatic compounds, containing the group or, e.g. phenoxyethylamine, phenylthio-acetonitrile, phenoxyacetone
- A01N39/02—Aryloxy-carboxylic acids; Derivatives thereof
- A01N39/04—Aryloxy-acetic acids; Derivatives thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
- A01N43/06—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom five-membered rings
- A01N43/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom five-membered rings with oxygen as the ring hetero atom
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/64—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/66—1,3,5-Triazines, not hydrogenated and not substituted at the ring nitrogen atoms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/90—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having two or more relevant hetero rings, condensed among themselves or with a common carbocyclic ring system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
- A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
- A01N47/28—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N<
- A01N47/36—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N< containing the group >N—CO—N< directly attached to at least one heterocyclic ring; Thio analogues thereof
Abstract
The invention provides different methods for preventing and controlling weeds in paddy fields according to the characteristics of different farmland systems. The weed is controlled in the germination stage or the most sensitive stage to the herbicide in the 1-2 leaf stage after the emergence of the weed, so that the competition between the weed and the rice in fertilizer, water, light and other resources is reduced to the maximum extent in the early growth stage of the rice, and the strong growth of the rice is promoted. By adopting the method, the prevention and control effect of main weeds in the rice field can reach more than 95 percent, the generation of the drug resistance of the weeds can be slowed down, the dosage of the herbicide can be reduced, and the method is suitable for preventing and controlling the weeds in the rice field in China.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant protection, and particularly relates to a method for preventing and controlling weeds in a rice field.
Background
Chemical weeding plays a very important role in rice production due to the unique advantages of high efficiency, rapidness and economy. The popularization and the application of the method greatly liberate the productivity and greatly improve the labor productivity, become an indispensable advanced technology for realizing agricultural mechanization and modernization, and simultaneously are important guarantees for high and stable yield of rice. At present, the herbicide is used in more than 1 hundred million hectares of seeding area in China, and occupies 60 percent of the whole area. Chemical weeding has become the most important measure for preventing and controlling weeds in paddy fields, and the trend is accelerated along with the continuous deepening of the modernization of agriculture. However, in the production practice, due to strong application technology of the herbicide, if the herbicide is not used properly, such as inaccurate control of the herbicide application period, unreasonable selection of the herbicide variety, incorrect herbicide application method and the like, the herbicide can fail, so that the yield of rice is reduced or the rice is dead, farmers can also increase the herbicide application dosage, so that the herbicide application cost is increased and the drug resistance of weeds is generated, and meanwhile, a series of problems such as environmental pollution crisis, herbicide hazard, food safety and the like are caused; directly threatens food safety and human and animal health, and also threatens the continuous use of the herbicide and the safety of agricultural production.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the above mentioned disadvantages and drawbacks of the background art and to provide a method for controlling weeds in rice fields.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides different prevention and control schemes according to the characteristics of different farmland systems, and the schemes specifically comprise the following steps:
a method for controlling weeds in a paddy field, comprising the steps of: applying a soil treatment herbicide 0-10 days after the rice is sowed, and controlling weeds in a germination period; applying the herbicide for soil and stem and leaf treatment 10-20 days after the rice is sowed, controlling the unearthed weeds in the germination period, and killing the unearthed weeds by the absorption of the stem and leaf. The method is generally applicable to agricultural areas with high cultivation level, convenient irrigation and drainage and fine management. The water management of the agricultural area with convenient irrigation and drainage is in place, the soil-sealing herbicide can fully play a role with the help of water, and the lasting period is long. The mode is mainly closed weeding, changes the traditional weeding mode mainly for stem and leaf treatment, and reduces the treatment cost.
A method for controlling weeds in a paddy field, comprising the steps of: applying a soil treatment herbicide 0-10 days after the rice is sowed, and controlling weeds in a germination period; after the rice is sowed for 20-30 days, the herbicide for treating stem leaves is applied to kill the weeds which have already grown into seedlings. The method is suitable for the agricultural area which is convenient for irrigation and drainage but has uneven soil and extensive cultivation management; the agricultural area is large, but the number of management and sowing personnel is small, and the farming level is not high.
A method for controlling weeds in a paddy field, comprising the steps of: applying the herbicide for soil and stem and leaf treatment 10-20 days after the rice is sowed, controlling the unearthed weeds in the germination period, and killing the unearthed weeds by the absorption of the stem and leaf; after the rice is sowed for 20-30 days, the herbicide for treating stem leaves is applied to kill the weeds which have already grown into seedlings. The method is mainly suitable for large-scale agricultural areas with inconvenient drainage and irrigation, large seeding area and extensive farm operation.
In the method, preferably, the soil treatment herbicide has a soil sealing effect, and specifically is at least one of a compound reagent of pretilachlor (amides) and bensulfuron methyl (sulfonylureas), a compound reagent of triafamone (ketosulfonamides) and benzofuranone (benzoylcyclohexanones), pretilachlor, mefenacet (amides), pyriminobac-methyl (kardise salicylic acids), butachlor (amides), oxadiazon (oxadiazolone), pendimethalin (dinitroanilines), pyriminosulfuron (sulfonylureas), triafamone, bicyclosulfuron (bicyclooctanes) and quinclorac (diketones).
In the method, preferably, the formulation of the compound reagent of pretilachlor and bensulfuron methyl is 40% bensulfuron-pretilachlor wettable powder, the formulation of the compound reagent of triafamone and benzofuranone is 27% suspending agent, the formulation of pretilachlor is 30% missible oil or 50% missible oil, the formulation of mefenacet is 50% wettable powder, the formulation of pyriminobac is 10% wettable powder, the formulation of butachlor is 50% missible oil or 60% missible oil, the formulation of oxadiazon is 35% missible oil, 25% missible oil, 12% missible oil or 30% emulsion in water, the formulation of pendimethalin is 33% missible oil, the formulation of orthosulfamuron is 50% water dispersible granules, and the formulation of dicyclosulfuron is 25% suspending agent.
In the method, preferably, the soil and stem leaf treatment herbicide is at least one of the following single agents and compound agents:
the single agent comprises bispyribac-sodium (pyrimidine salicylic acid), pyribenzoxim (pyrimidine salicylic acid), penoxsulam (triazolopyrimidine sulfonamide), benzobicylon, triafamone, pyraclonil, metazosulfuron and propyrisulfuron;
the compound reagent comprises a compound reagent of penoxsulam (triazolopyrimidine sulfonamide) and cyhalofop-butyl (aryloxy phenoxy propionate) and pretilachlor (amide), a compound reagent of penoxsulam (triazolopyrimidine sulfonamide) and pretilachlor (amide) and a compound reagent of triafamone and benzofuranone.
In the method, preferably, the dosage form of the bispyribac-sodium is 10% of suspending agent, the dosage form of the pyribenzoxim is 5% of missible oil, the dosage form of the penoxsulam is 2.5% of oil suspending agent, the dosage form of the benzobicyclon is 25% of suspending agent, the dosage form of the triafamone is 19% of suspending agent, the dosage form of the pyraclonil is 2% of granules, the dosage form of the metazosulfuron is 33% of water dispersible granules, the dosage form of the propyrisulfuron is 9.5% of suspending agent, the dosage form of the compound reagent of the penoxsulam, the cyhalofop-butyl and the pretilachlor is 28% of oil suspending agent, the dosage form of the compound reagent of the penoxsulam and the pretilachlor is 31% of oil suspending agent, and the dosage form of the compound reagent of the triafamoxafen and the furansulam is 27% of suspending agent.
In the method, the stem leaf treatment herbicide is preferably at least one of the following single-agent and compound agents:
the single agent comprises metamifop (aryloxy phenoxy propionate), cyhalofop-butyl (aryloxy phenoxy propionate), quinclorac (hormone herbicide), fluroxypyridine ester (hormone herbicide), and bentazon (organic heterocyclic);
the compound reagent comprises a compound reagent of metamifop (aryloxy phenoxy propionic acid esters) and cyhalofop-butyl (aryloxy phenoxy propionic acid esters), and a compound reagent of quinclorac (hormone herbicides) and bispyribac-sodium (pyrimidine salicylic acids).
According to the method, preferably, the formulation of the metamifop is 10% emulsifiable solution, the formulation of the cyhalofop-butyl is 10% emulsifiable solution, the formulation of the quinclorac is 50% wettable powder, the formulation of the fluroxypyr-meptyl is 3% emulsifiable solution, the formulation of the bentazone is 480g/L aqueous solution, the formulation of the compound reagent of the metamifop and the cyhalofop-butyl is 10% emulsifiable solution, and the formulation of the compound reagent of the quinclorac and the bispyribac-sodium is 28% suspending agent.
In the method, preferably, the herbicide is diluted by water and then applied by a spraying method, and the addition amount of the water is 450-600L/hm by the area of the applied farmland2(ii) a The addition amount of the water is controlled within the range of the invention, so that the weeding effect and the safety of the rice can be optimal; if the concentration of the herbicide is too low, the ideal weeding effect cannot be achieved, and if the concentration of the herbicide is too high, the herbicide acts on rice and causes phytotoxicity.
Generally, the spraying equipment adopted by the spraying method is a knapsack manual sprayer, a knapsack electric sprayer or a stretcher type motorized sprayer.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
the method of the invention controls weeds in the rice field in the early growth stage within 1 month after the rice is sowed, uses the herbicide with multiple action sites, controls the weeds in the germination stage by utilizing the pre-emergence sealing function of the herbicide, or controls the weeds in the 1-2 leaf stage after the weeds grow out, namely the most sensitive stage to the herbicide, reduces the competition between the weeds and the rice in fertilizer, water, light and other resources to the maximum extent in the early growth stage of the rice, and promotes the robust growth of the rice. Compared with the traditional weeding technology for treating the heavy stem leaves, the method provided by the invention combines multiple weeding modes, specifically selects different weeding modes according to different rice field conditions, and has the advantages of more precise prevention and control and lower cost. By adopting the method, the prevention and control effect of main weeds in the rice field can reach more than 95 percent, the generation of the drug resistance of the weeds can be slowed down, the dosage of the herbicide can be reduced, and the method is suitable for preventing and controlling the weeds in the rice field in China.
Detailed Description
In order to facilitate an understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be described more fully and in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments below.
Unless otherwise defined, all terms of art used hereinafter have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Unless otherwise specifically stated, various raw materials, reagents, instruments, equipment and the like used in the present invention are commercially available or can be prepared by existing methods.
Example 1:
a test area is arranged in a grass-tail town of Yuanjiang city in Hunan province, belongs to a double-cropping rice area of Dongting lake, is convenient to drain and irrigate and fine in management, the soil is sandy soil accumulated in the lake area, the organic matter content is 2.2%, the pH value is 6.7, and the soil is fertile. The rice variety is Xiang early indica No. 24, and is directly sowed in 4 months and 6 days.
The occurrence amount of weeds in the rice field is large, and the un-weeding control areas are respectively investigated on 20 th and 40 th days after the rice is sown, so that main weeds of barnyard grass 225-351 plants/m are found251 to 87 monochoria vaginalis strains/m265-89 jieyai (leaf of Chinese Arthropoda) per m231-42 cyperus rotundus L/m2。
1. Test protocol:
(1) according to the method for controlling weeds in a paddy field of the present invention, the paddy field is treated (denoted as treatment 1) comprising the steps of:
60g of a.i./hm wettable powder of 10% pyriminobac-sodium applied on the 3 rd day after rice sowing2On the 15 th day after the sowing of rice, 97.2g of a.i./hm of a 27% suspension concentrate of triafamone/benzofuranone was used2Spraying stems and leaves.
(2) The control treatment of treatment 1 (denoted as treatment 2) was set in accordance with the conventional treatment regime, including the following steps:
450g of a.i./hm of 30% pretilachlor (safener) emulsifiable concentrate is applied to 3 days after rice sowing2119.7g of an oil suspension of penoxsulam cyhalofop-butyl with the concentration of 60g/L on the 20 th day after the rice is sowed2Spraying stems and leaves.
2. Test results and analysis:
the control of the weeds by treatment 1 and treatment 2 was investigated on day 20 after the treatment, and the results were:
treatment 1: 96.7 percent of barnyard grass, 98.2 percent of monochoria vaginalis, 100.0 percent of abnormal-shaped (broken rice) nutgrass flatsedge and 97.2 percent of herba jie.
And (3) treatment 2: 95.8 percent of barnyard grass, 91.5 percent of monochoria vaginalis, 95.1 percent of abnormal (broken rice) nutgrass flatsedge and 90.5 percent of herba jie.
The control effect (%) of treatment 1 and treatment 2 on the plants and fresh weight of weeds was investigated, respectively, beginning at day 40 after the treatment, and the results were:
treatment 1: the barnyard grass control effect is 98.1 percent, and the fresh weight control effect is 99.2 percent; the control effect of the monochoria vaginalis is 100.0 percent, and the fresh weight control effect is 100.0 percent; the control effect of the heterotype (broken rice) sedge plant is 100.0 percent, and the control effect of the fresh weight is 100.0 percent; the control effect of the arthroenia tuber plants is 98.3 percent, and the fresh weight control effect is 99.1 percent.
And (3) treatment 2: the barnyard grass control effect is 95.7 percent, and the fresh weight control effect is 98.6 percent; the control effect of the monochoria vaginalis is 86.7 percent, and the fresh weight control effect is 91.5 percent; the control effect of the heterotype (broken rice) sedge plant is 90.2 percent, and the fresh weight control effect is 93.7 percent; the control effect of the arthroenia tuber plants is 90.8 percent, and the fresh weight control effect is 93.7 percent.
The yield reduction of the rice in the control area without pesticide application reaches 87.9-95.1 percent during harvesting.
Therefore, the method provided by the invention has the advantages that the prevention and control effects of main weeds in the rice field can reach more than 95%, the strong growth of rice can be promoted, the rice yield is increased, the dosage of the herbicide is reduced, the generation of drug resistance of the weeds can be slowed down by alternately using different agents in different years, and the method is suitable for preventing and controlling weeds in the rice field in China.
Example 2:
a test area is set in spring flower town Longwangguracun in Changsha county, Hunan province, belongs to a hilly double-season rice area, is convenient to drain and irrigate, but is extensive in cultivation and management, the soil is light red yellow mud, the organic matter content is 2.0%, the pH value is 6.5, and the soil fertility is medium. The rice variety is sowed in the middle-early stage of 39 and 4 months and 11 days.
The occurrence amount of weeds in the rice field is large, and the un-weeding control areas are respectively investigated on the 20 th day and the 40 th day after the rice is sown, so that the main weeds of the barnyard grass are 186-227 strains/m231-52 herba monochoriae vaginalis/m2And 57-66 pieces/m of herba Oenotherae Erythrosepalae241-57 nutgrass flatsedge/m2。
1. Test protocol:
(1) according to the method for controlling weeds in a paddy field of the present invention, the paddy field is treated (denoted as treatment 3), comprising the steps of:
225g of a.i./hm of 25% benzobicylon suspension was applied on day 3 after sowing of rice2150g of a.i./hm of 10% metamifop-cyhalofop-butyl emulsifiable concentrate is used on the 25 th day after the rice is sown2Spraying stems and leaves.
(2) The control treatment of treatment 3 (denoted as treatment 4) was set in accordance with the conventional treatment regime, including the following steps:
450g of a.i./hm of 30% pretilachlor (safener) emulsifiable concentrate is applied to 3 days after rice sowing2Treatment, using 336g a.i./hm of 28% bispyribac-sodium quinclorac suspending agent on the 20 th day after the sowing of the rice2Spraying stems and leaves.
2. Test results and analysis:
the control effect of the treated weeds 3 and 4 was investigated on the 20 th day after the treatment, and the results were:
and (3) treatment: 99.1 percent of barnyard grass, 95.8 percent of monochoria vaginalis, 97.3 percent of abnormal (broken rice) nutgrass flatsedge and 96.1 percent of herba jie.
And (4) treatment: 93.7 percent of barnyard grass, 95.1 percent of monochoria vaginalis, 96.7 percent of abnormal-shaped (broken rice) nutgrass flatsedge and 95.8 percent of herba jie.
The plant and fresh weight control (%) of the weeds of treatment 3 and treatment 4 were investigated, respectively, starting on day 40 after the treatment, and the results were:
and (3) treatment: the barnyard grass control effect is 98.3 percent, and the fresh weight control effect is 99.8 percent; the control effect of the monochoria vaginalis is 97.3 percent, and the fresh weight control effect is 98.7 percent; the control effect of the heterotype (broken rice) nutgrass flatsedge is 95.4 percent, and the fresh weight control effect is 96.1 percent; the control effect of the arthroenia tuber plants is 91.7 percent, and the fresh weight control effect is 96.3 percent.
And (4) treatment: 94.7 percent of barnyard grass plant control effect and 96.1 percent of fresh weight control effect; the control effect of the monochoria vaginalis is 97.1 percent, and the fresh weight control effect is 98.3 percent; the control effect of the heterotype (broken rice) nutgrass flatsedge is 95.2 percent, and the fresh weight control effect is 97.5 percent; the control effect of the arthroenia tuber plants is 98.5 percent, and the control effect of the fresh weight is 99.1 percent.
The yield reduction of the rice in the control area without pesticide application reaches 88.5 to 96.7 percent during harvesting.
Therefore, the method provided by the invention has the advantages that the prevention and control effects of main weeds in the rice field can reach more than 95%, the strong growth of rice can be promoted, the rice yield is increased, the dosage of the herbicide is reduced, the generation of drug resistance of the weeds can be slowed down by alternately using different agents in different years, and the method is suitable for preventing and controlling weeds in the rice field in China.
Example 3:
a test area is arranged in the north mountain town of Changsha county in Hunan province, belongs to a hilly double-cropping rice area, is inconvenient to drain and irrigate, soil is light red yellow mud, the content of organic matters is 2.0 percent, the pH value is 6.5, and the soil fertility is medium. The rice variety is Xiangzaixian No. 45, and is sown in 5 days 4 months.
The occurrence amount of weeds in the rice field is large, and the un-weeding control areas are respectively investigated on 20 th and 40 th days after the rice is sown, so that the main weeds of the barnyard grass are 165-221 plants/m275-89 monochoria vaginalis/m2And 61-85 pieces/m of herba Oenotherae Erythrosepalae249-55 cyperus rotundus/m2。
1. Test protocol:
(1) according to the method for controlling weeds in a paddy field of the present invention, the paddy field is treated (denoted as treatment 5) comprising the steps of:
97.2g a.i./hm of a 27% suspension of triafamone/benzofuranone was applied on day 3 after sowing of rice2On the 26 th day after the sowing of rice, 36g of a.i./hm of 3% chlorofluoropyridine ester emulsifiable concentrate was used2Spraying stems and leaves.
(2) The control treatment of treatment 5 (denoted as treatment 6) was set in a conventional treatment manner, comprising the following steps:
applying 450g of a.i./hm 31 percent penoxsulam-pretilachlor oil suspending agent on the third day after rice sowing2Treatment, using 225g a.i./hm 10% cyhalofop-butyl emulsifiable concentrate on the 26 th day after the rice sowing2Spraying stems and leaves.
2. Test results and analysis:
the control effect of the treated weeds 5 and 6 was investigated on the 20 th day after the treatment, and the results were:
and (4) treatment 5: 100.0 percent of barnyard grass, 100.0 percent of monochoria vaginalis, 98.3 percent of abnormal (broken rice) nutgrass flatsedge and 99.1 percent of herba jie.
And (6) treatment: 100.0 percent of barnyard grass, 93.1 percent of monochoria vaginalis, 91.3 percent of abnormal-shaped (broken rice) nutgrass flatsedge and 92.1 percent of herba jie secae.
The control effect (%) of treatment 5 and treatment 6 on the plants and fresh weight of weeds was investigated, respectively, beginning at day 40 after the treatment, and the results were:
and (4) treatment 5: the control effect of the barnyard grass plants is 100.0 percent, and the fresh weight control effect is 100.0 percent; the control effect of the monochoria vaginalis is 100 percent, and the fresh weight control effect is 100 percent; the control effect of the heterotype (broken rice) nutgrass flatsedge is 95.8 percent, and the fresh weight control effect is 98.6 percent; the control effect of the arthroenia tuber plants is 96.8 percent, and the fresh weight control effect is 98.7 percent.
And (6) treatment: the control effect of the barnyard grass plants is 100.0 percent, and the fresh weight control effect is 100.0 percent; 92.7 percent of monochoria vaginalis strain control agent and 95.1 percent of fresh weight control agent; the control effect of the heterotype (broken rice) cyperus esculentus is 91.4 percent, and the control effect of the fresh weight is 92.5 percent; the control effect of the arthroenia tuber plants is 93.7 percent, and the fresh weight control effect is 95.1 percent.
The yield reduction of the rice in the control area without pesticide application reaches 85.1-90.3 percent during harvesting.
Therefore, the method provided by the invention has the advantages that the prevention and control effects of main weeds in the rice field can reach more than 95%, the strong growth of rice can be promoted, the rice yield is increased, the dosage of the herbicide is reduced, the generation of drug resistance of the weeds can be slowed down by alternately using different agents in different years, and the method is suitable for preventing and controlling weeds in the rice field in China.
Claims (5)
1. A method for preventing and controlling weeds in paddy fields is characterized in that at least one of the following three prevention and control schemes is adopted according to the characteristics of different farmland systems:
for the agricultural area with high cultivation level, convenient irrigation and drainage and fine management, 0-10 days after the rice is sowed, applying a soil treatment herbicide to control weeds in the germination period; applying the herbicide for soil and stem and leaf treatment 10-20 days after the rice is sowed, controlling the unearthed weeds in the germination period, and killing the unearthed weeds by the absorption of the stem and leaf;
for the agricultural areas which are convenient to drain and irrigate but have uneven soil and extensive cultivation management, 0-10 days after the rice is sowed, applying a soil treatment herbicide to control weeds in the germination period; applying stem and leaf treatment herbicide 20-30 days after the rice is sowed to kill the grown weeds;
for large agricultural areas with inconvenient drainage and irrigation, large sowing area and extensive farming operation, the soil and stem leaf treatment herbicide is applied 10-20 days after the rice is sowed, the unearthed weeds are controlled in the germination period, and meanwhile, the unearthed weeds are absorbed and killed by the stem leaves; applying stem and leaf treatment herbicide 20-30 days after the rice is sowed to kill the grown weeds;
the soil treatment herbicide is at least one of a compound reagent of pretilachlor and bensulfuron methyl, a compound reagent of triafamone and benzofuranone, pretilachlor, mefenacet, pyriminobac-methyl, butachlor, oxadiazon, pendimethalin, orthosulfamuron, triafamone, benzobicyclon and quinclorac;
the soil and stem leaf treatment herbicide is at least one of the following single agents and compound agents:
the single agent comprises bispyribac-sodium, pyribenzoxim, penoxsulam, benzobicylon, triafamone, pyraclonil, metazosulfuron and propyrisulfuron;
the compound reagent comprises a compound reagent of penoxsulam, cyhalofop-butyl and pretilachlor, a compound reagent of penoxsulam and pretilachlor, and a compound reagent of triafamone and benzofuranone;
the stem leaf treatment herbicide is at least one of the following single agents and compound agents:
the single agent comprises metamifop, cyhalofop-butyl, quinclorac, fluroxypyr-meptyl and bentazon;
the compound reagent comprises a compound reagent of metamifop and cyhalofop-butyl, and a compound reagent of quinclorac and bispyribac-sodium.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the formulation of the compound reagent of pretilachlor and bensulfuron methyl is 40% bensulfuron-methyl, pretilachlor wettable powder, the formulation of the compound reagent of triafamone and benzofuranone is 27% suspending agent, the formulation of pretilachlor is 30% missible oil or 50% missible oil, the formulation of mefenacet is 50% wettable powder, the formulation of pyriminobac is 10% wettable powder, the formulation of butachlor is 50% missible oil or 60% missible oil, the formulation of oxadiazon is 35% missible oil, 25% missible oil, 12% missible oil or 30% aqueous emulsion, the formulation of pendimethalin is 33% missible oil, the formulation of orthosulfamuron is 50% water dispersible granules, and the formulation of benzobicyclon is 25% suspending agent.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the bifenox is 10% suspending agent, the pyribenzoxim is 5% emulsifiable concentrate, the penoxsulam is 2.5% oil suspending agent, the benzobicyclon is 25% suspending agent, the triafamone is 19% suspending agent, the pyrazosulfuron is 2% granule, the metazosulfuron is 33% water dispersible granule, the promethasulfuron is 9.5% suspending agent, the compound reagent of penoxsulam and cyhalofop-butyl and pretilachlor is 28% oil suspending agent, the compound reagent of penoxsulam and pretilachlor is 31% oil suspending agent, and the compound reagent of triafamoxafen and benzofuransulam is 27% suspending agent.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the formulation of the metamifop is 10% emulsifiable concentrate, the formulation of the cyhalofop-butyl is 10% emulsifiable concentrate, the formulation of the quinclorac is 50% wettable powder, the formulation of the fluroxypyr-meptyl is 3% emulsifiable concentrate, the formulation of the compound reagent of the metamifop and the cyhalofop-butyl is 10% emulsifiable concentrate, and the formulation of the compound reagent of the quinclorac and the bispyribac-sodium is 28% suspending agent.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the herbicide is diluted with water and then applied by spraying, and the amount of water added is 450-600L/hm based on the area of the farmland to which the herbicide is applied2The spraying equipment adopted by the spraying method is a knapsack manual sprayer, a knapsack electric sprayer or a stretcher type motor-driven sprayer。
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| CN114600721A (en) * | 2022-04-11 | 2022-06-10 | 海南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所 | High-yield cultivation method of high-quality Shanzhu rice |
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