CN109214449A - A kind of electric grid investment needing forecasting method - Google Patents

A kind of electric grid investment needing forecasting method Download PDF

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CN109214449A
CN109214449A CN201810985402.XA CN201810985402A CN109214449A CN 109214449 A CN109214449 A CN 109214449A CN 201810985402 A CN201810985402 A CN 201810985402A CN 109214449 A CN109214449 A CN 109214449A
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electric grid
grid investment
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牛东晓
戴舒羽
李偲
厉艳
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North China Electric Power University
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F18/00Pattern recognition
    • G06F18/20Analysing
    • G06F18/24Classification techniques
    • G06F18/241Classification techniques relating to the classification model, e.g. parametric or non-parametric approaches
    • G06F18/2411Classification techniques relating to the classification model, e.g. parametric or non-parametric approaches based on the proximity to a decision surface, e.g. support vector machines
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06NCOMPUTING ARRANGEMENTS BASED ON SPECIFIC COMPUTATIONAL MODELS
    • G06N3/00Computing arrangements based on biological models
    • G06N3/004Artificial life, i.e. computing arrangements simulating life
    • G06N3/006Artificial life, i.e. computing arrangements simulating life based on simulated virtual individual or collective life forms, e.g. social simulations or particle swarm optimisation [PSO]
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06QINFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q10/00Administration; Management
    • G06Q10/04Forecasting or optimisation specially adapted for administrative or management purposes, e.g. linear programming or "cutting stock problem"
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06QINFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q50/00Systems or methods specially adapted for specific business sectors, e.g. utilities or tourism
    • G06Q50/06Electricity, gas or water supply

Abstract

The invention belongs to electric grid investment requirement forecasting technical field more particularly to a kind of electric grid investment needing forecasting methods, comprising: the influencing factor system of electric grid investment prediction is constructed by Delphi method;The grey relational grade of each influence factor and electric grid investment is calculated, sequence filters out input of the major influence factors of electric grid investment prediction as prediction model;The parameter of support vector machines is optimized using differential evolution improved grey wolf optimization algorithm, electric grid investment demand is predicted after establishing prediction model;Proof analysis is demonstrated has very strong generalization ability and robustness to the model that support vector machines optimizes based on the improved grey wolf algorithm of differential evolution in terms of electric grid investment prediction, it can reach good prediction effect, predict that the research in field provides new thinking for electric grid investment.

Description

A kind of electric grid investment needing forecasting method
Technical field
The invention belongs to electric grid investment requirement forecasting technical field more particularly to a kind of electric grid investment needing forecasting methods.
Background technique
Currently, power grid plays an increasingly important role in socio-economic development, it carries optimization energy resources The substantial responsibility for configuring and promoting social development is the important subject of implementation of energy strategy.Expanding economy promotes electric grid investment Demand continues to increase, accurately and effectively electric grid investment requirement forecasting, can not only help pooling of capital, reasonable arrangement power grid construction The investment of fund, and fund cost can be reduced, economic risk is reduced, to electric grid investment planning construction process is pushed, is played Vital effect.In recent years, domestic and foreign scholars have carried out investment demand prediction with a variety of prediction models in every field Research, and achieve certain research achievement.However, up to the present, scholars predict for the investment demand of power grid enterprises The acquired related research result of research is less, has been fruitful mostly using time series models, gray model, error correction mould The models such as type are predicted that used prediction technique is relatively traditional.
Compared with classical Predicting Technique, artificial intelligence Predicting Technique presents powerful superior in terms of prediction accuracy Property, realize good prediction effect.Neural network and support vector machines are two kinds of typical cases and widely applied artificial intelligence is pre- Survey technology, but in contrast, the support vector machine method to grow up in Statistical Learning Theory has more solid mathematics Theoretical basis can efficiently solve the High dimensional data model Construct question under the conditions of finite sample, and have stronger extensive Ability has become most popular one of the research direction in machine learning field at present.In order to further increase the estimated performance of SVM, Researchers optimize the parameter of SVM using many algorithms, as drosophila algorithm, particle swarm algorithm, genetic algorithm, whale are calculated A variety of optimization algorithms such as method.Above-mentioned algorithm has certain help for the optimization of support vector machines parameter, but there is also bright Aobvious deficiency, their search efficiencies are low, and convergence rate is slow, and are easily trapped into local optimum.
Summary of the invention
In order to more accurately predict electric grid investment situation, the invention proposes a kind of electric grid investment needing forecasting method, packets It includes:
Step 1: the influencing factor system of electric grid investment prediction is constructed by Delphi method;
Step 2: calculating the grey relational grade of each influence factor and electric grid investment, sequence filters out electric grid investment prediction Input of the major influence factors as prediction model;
Step 3: the parameter of support vector machines being optimized using differential evolution improved grey wolf optimization algorithm, is established pre- Electric grid investment demand is predicted after surveying model.
The influencing factor system of the electric grid investment prediction includes: economic development, electricity needs, power grid scale and power grid effect Beneficial four dimensions, each dimension include four factors, respectively successively are as follows: GDP, the industrial structure, population, urbanization rate, the whole society Electricity consumption, electricity consumption growth rate, electricity sales amount, power grid maximum load, 220kV and the above transmission line length, 110kV and following Transmission line length, 220kV and the above transformer equipment capacity, 110kV and following transformer equipment capacity, power grid gross profit, unit Power grid asset supply load, unit power grid asset electricity sales amount, unit power grid asset power selling income.
The step 2 comprises determining that reference sequences in analytical sequence and compares sequence, carries out dimensionless to Variables Sequence Change, calculate correlation coefficient and the degree of association, sequence will be compared and sorted according to grey relational grade size, grey relational grade is bigger, shows The comparison sequence is more consistent with the situation that reference sequences change.
The step 3 includes:
Step 301: setting relevant parameter, initialization population;
Step 302: calculating the fitness value of grey wolf individual, and it is ranked up, before determining that fitness value is optimal The position of three grey wolf individuals;
Step 303: calculating other grey wolf individuals in population and update wolf pack position at a distance from front three grey wolf body position And grey wolf optimization algorithm relevant parameter;
Step 304: being made a variation with differential evolution algorithm, crossover operation, generate new progeny population;
Step 305: carrying out selection operation, update wolf pack position;
Step 306: judging whether to reach maximum number of iterations, if reaching, export current optimal solution, otherwise, jump to Step 302 continues parameter optimization;
Step 307: the parameter value after optimization being assigned to support vector machines, establishes prediction model.
The parameter is regularization parameter c and Radial basis kernel function parameter g.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
On the basis of analyzing electric grid investment influence factor, electric grid investment prediction index system is constructed, and transport It uses gray relative analysis method to screen the input of electric grid investment major driving factor as prediction model, while proposing one kind and being based on The novel power grid investment demand prediction model for the algorithm that the improved grey wolf algorithm of differential evolution optimizes support vector machines, and pass through Proof analysis, it was demonstrated that the model that support vector machines optimizes is predicted in electric grid investment based on differential evolution improved grey wolf algorithm Aspect has very strong generalization ability and robustness, can reach good prediction effect for electric grid investment prediction, throws for power grid The research in money prediction field provides new thinking.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is electric grid investment predicted impact Factor system of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the prediction result invested using DE-GWO-SVM model prediction China Power Grids of the invention.
Specific embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawing, it elaborates to embodiment.
1, electric grid investment predicted impact Factor system constructs
The electric grid investment prediction of China is influenced by factors, in order to realize to the accurate pre- of Chinese electric grid investment It surveys, the present invention tentatively has chosen the Correlative Influence Factors of electric grid investment prediction on the basis of consulting lot of documents, and passes through moral Er Feifa carries out mostly wheel anonymities to the opinion of expert and consults and feed back, the final influence for determining China Power Grids investment forecasting Factor system.It is pre- that the present invention from economic development, electricity needs, power grid scale and grid benefit four dimensions constructs electric grid investment Influencing factor system is surveyed, each dimension includes four factors, is related to 16 influence factors altogether, respectively GDP, the industrial structure (the Three industry accountings), population, urbanization rate, Analyzing Total Electricity Consumption, electricity consumption growth rate, electricity sales amount, power grid maximum load, 220kV and the above transmission line length, 110kV and following transmission line length, 220kV and the above transformer equipment capacity, 110kV And following transformer equipment capacity, power grid gross profit, unit power grid asset supply load, unit power grid asset electricity sales amount, unit electricity Net assets power selling income.Electric grid investment predicted impact Factor system is as shown in Figure 1:
2, the major influence factors screening based on grey correlation analysis
The present invention screens electric grid investment predicted impact factor with grey correlation analysis, by calculating above-mentioned 16 The grey relational grade of influence factor and electric grid investment, sequence filter out the major influence factors of electric grid investment prediction, and will screening Input of the factor out as prediction model.
Steps are as follows for the specific calculating of grey relational grade:
(1) analytical sequence is determined
If reference sequences:
X0=(x0(1),x0(2),…,x0(n)) (1)
Compare sequence:
(2) nondimensionalization is carried out to Variables Sequence
K=1,2 ..., n, i=0,1,2 ..., m
(3) calculate correlation coefficient
yj(k) and y0(k) shown in incidence coefficient such as formula (15):
ρ ∈ (0,1), k=1,2 ..., n, j=1,2 ..., m
(4) calculating correlation
XjWith X0Grey relational grade such as formula (16) shown in:
K=1,2 ..., n, j=1,2 ..., m
(5) relational degree taxis
Sequence will be compared to sort according to grey relational grade size, grey relational grade is bigger, shows the comparison sequence and reference The situation of sequence variation is more consistent.
3, prediction model
3.1SVM (support vector machines)
Support vector machines is that the foundation that Vapnik et al. is proposed ties up theoretical and Structural risk minization in Statistical Learning Theory VC A kind of small sample machine learning method on the basis of change, when estimating regression function with algorithm of support vector machine, basic thought is By the way that in a Nonlinear Mapping, the data of the input space are mapped in a high-dimensional feature space, then in this height Make linear regression in dimension space.
Given n training sample set is combined into: { (xi,yi) | i=1,2 ..., n }, wherein xi∈RdIt is defeated that training sample is tieed up for d Enter, yi∈ R is training sample output.Using Nonlinear MappingInput sample from original Space RdIt is mapped to high-dimensional feature space Rk, (k > d) constructs optimum linearity regression function in high-dimensional feature space:
In formula: ω is high-dimensional feature space weight vector, ω ∈ Rk;B is offset constant, b ∈ R.
Using structuring least risk principle, ω, b are found, i.e.,
In formula: ω2The complexity of Controlling model, c are regularization parameter, RempFor control errors function, RempMiddle selection is not Same loss function, can construct various forms of support vector machines.Loss letter of the support vector machines of standard in optimization aim Number is the first order of error.
According to institutional risk minimization principle, formula (2) can be converted are as follows:
In formula: ε is insensitive coefficient, ξi, ξi *For relaxation factor.
With Lagrange function solving optimization problem, it may be assumed that
In formula, αi,βi,It is Lagrange multiplier, and αi>0,βi>0,
According to Karush-Kuhn-Tucker optimal conditions:
DefinitionIt is the symmetric function kernel function of Mercer condition.Then optimization problem can be write At:
Nonlinear Prediction Models are obtained as a result:
Radial basis kernel function is selected to be defined as follows as the kernel function of SVM herein:
In formula: σ is the width parameter of Radial basis kernel function.
3.2GWO (grey wolf optimization algorithm)
GWO optimization algorithm is the novel meta-heuristic optimization algorithm proposed by Mirjalili et al. in 2014, it is one The novel Swarm Intelligent Algorithm of kind, function admirable of the algorithm in terms of finding optimal solution have the characteristics that simple and efficient.
Grey wolf optimization algorithm simulates the Social Grading system and group's hunting behavior of grey wolf family.Grey wolf in nature Population is successively divided into from high to low by social status, tetra- grades of α, β, δ, ω.When constructing the hierarchy model of grey wolf, Defining the current optimal solution in wolf pack is α wolf, and suboptimal solution is β wolf, and the excellent solution of third is δ wolf, remaining solution is ω wolf.In GWO algorithm In, behavior of chasing is executed by α, β, δ wolf, ω wolf follows former three to carry out prey tracking and encircles and suppresses, and is finally completed predation task.
The main hunting process of wolf pack are as follows: be on the track of the game, surround prey and attack prey.Grey wolf gradually surrounds prey Behavior may be expressed as:
D=| CXp(t)-X(t)| (9)
X (t+1)=Xp(t)-A×D (10)
Wherein, D indicates the spacing of grey wolf and prey, and t indicates current iteration number, XpIndicate the position vector of prey, X table Show the position vector of grey wolf, A and C are parameter vectors, and A=2ar1- a, C=2r2, wherein r1And r2Be between [0,1] with Machine vector, a is in an iterative process from 2 linear decreases to 0.
For the hunting behavior for simulating grey wolf, it is assumed that α wolf, β wolf, δ wolf have a better understanding to the position of prey, grey wolf group The position of this three be can use to judge the orientation where prey.Grey wolf group according to the location information of α wolf, β wolf, δ wolf come Update process such as formula (11)-formula (17) of self-position
Dα=| C1·Xα(t)-X(t)| (11)
Dβ=| C2·Xβ(t)-X(t)| (12)
Dδ=| C3·Xδ(t)-X(t)| (13)
X1=Xα(t)-A1×Dα (14)
X2=Xβ(t)-A2×Dβ (15)
X3=Xδ(t)-A3×Dδ (16)
The searching process of GWO algorithm is exactly first to carry out assessment positioning to the position of prey by α wolf, β wolf, δ wolf, then population Remaining interior individual randomly updates position as reference around prey.Grey wolf group is according to the position of α wolf, β wolf, δ wolf Information is as shown in Figure 2 come the process for updating self-position:
3.3DE (differential evolution)
Differential evolution algorithm is a kind of heuristic random searching algorithm based on population difference, which is by R.Storn Chebyshev multinomial is solved with K.Price and is proposed.Differential evolution algorithm mainly includes variation, intersection and selection three Kind operation.
It is defined in D dimension search space, there are the population that scale is N, XiIt (g) is i-th of g generation individual, if:
In formula,For the lower bound of population at individual,For the upper bound of population at individual, tmaxFor maximum number of iterations.
(1) initialization population
N number of initial population individual is generated at random in entire search space, as shown in formula (19):
In formula, rand (0,1) is that equally distributed random number is obeyed on [0,1],Respectively jth dimension the upper bound and Lower bound.
(2) mutation operation
Variation individual is generated by formula (20):
Vi(t+1)=xr1(t)+F[xr2(t)-xr3(t)] (20)
In formula, F is zoom factor, and value range is [0,1], r1, r2, and r3 is to be not mutually equal in section [1, N] and and i Not equal random integers.
(3) crossover operation
Crossover operation can increase the diversity of population, the jth of i-th of individual be tieed up, the method for realizing crossover operation As shown in formula (21):
In formula, CR is crossover probability, jrandIndicate a random dimension.
(4) selection operation
It selects to enter follow-on individual using greedy algorithm in differential evolution algorithm, that is, selects preferably individual work For new individual, to ensure the Evolutionary direction of population.As shown in formula (22):
3.4DE-GWO-SVM
When being predicted using the SVM algorithm of Radial basis kernel function, it is thus necessary to determine that regularization parameter c and Radial basis kernel function The value of the value of parameter g, the two parameters directly affects the precision of regression forecasting.Parameter of the selection GWO algorithm to SVM herein It optimizes, but since that when handling optimization problem, there are late convergences is slow, easily falls into local optimum etc. asks for GWO algorithm Therefore topic introduces differential evolution algorithm herein on the basis of grey wolf algorithm and makes improvements, to reinforce global search energy Power, and then improve the accuracy of SVM algorithm prediction.Specific step is as follows by DE-GWO-SVM:
Step 301: setting relevant parameter, initialization population.
Step 302: calculating the fitness value of grey wolf individual, and it is ranked up, before determining that fitness value is optimal The position of three grey wolf individuals, is respectively labeled as Xα, XβAnd Xδ
Step 303: calculating other grey wolves individual and X in populationα, XβAnd XδDistance, update wolf pack position and GWO Algorithm relevant parameter.
Step 304: being made a variation, crossover operation, generate new progeny population.
Step 305: carrying out selection operation, update wolf pack position.
Step 306: judging whether to reach maximum number of iterations, if reaching, export current optimal solution (c, g), otherwise, jump It goes to step 302 and continues parameter optimization.
Step 307: the parameter value after optimization being assigned to SVM, establishes prediction model.
4, pre- flow gauge
It is more that the accuracy of electric grid investment prediction will receive economic development, electricity needs, power grid scale and grid benefit etc. The influence of aspect factor.In order to realize the Accurate Prediction to electric grid investment, herein in analysis electric grid investment predicted impact factor On the basis of, propose DE-GWO-SVM electric grid investment prediction model.The prediction steps of the model are as follows:
(1) data acquire
Collecting sample data, including history electric grid investment, GDP, the industrial structure, population, urbanization rate, whole society's electricity consumption Amount, electricity consumption growth rate, electricity sales amount, power grid maximum load, 220kV and the above transmission line length, 110kV and following transmission of electricity Line length, 220kV and the above transformer equipment capacity, 110kV and following transformer equipment capacity, power grid gross profit, unit power grid The data such as assets supply load, unit power grid asset electricity sales amount, unit power grid asset power selling income, and dimensionless is carried out to data Change processing.
(2) influence factor is screened
The grey relational grade for calculating above-mentioned 16 influence factors and electric grid investment, is screened according to the sequence of grey relational grade The major influence factors of electric grid investment prediction out, and using the factor filtered out as the input of prediction model.
(3) the electric grid investment prediction based on DE-GWO-SVM model
Using the major influence factors of the electric grid investment filtered out prediction as mode input, with DE-GWO-SVM model pair Electric grid investment is predicted.
According to the electric grid investment predicted impact Factor system constructed above, we have collected -2016 years Chinese nineteen nineties GDP, the industrial structure (tertiary industry accounting), population, urbanization rate, Analyzing Total Electricity Consumption, electricity consumption growth rate, electricity sales amount, Power grid maximum load, 220kV and the above transmission line length, 110kV and following transmission line length, 220kV and the above power transformation Place capacity, 110kV and following transformer equipment capacity, power grid gross profit, unit power grid asset supply load, unit power grid asset The electric grid investments influence factor data such as electricity sales amount, unit power grid asset power selling income.(data source in China Statistical Yearbook and China Power yearbook).
In order to determine the input of prediction model, we screen electric grid investment influence factor using grey relational grade index, Realize Feature Dimension Reduction.Each influence factor and the grey relational grade calculated result of electric grid investment are as follows:
1 grey relational grade calculated result of table
According to table 1, we choose five factors of the grey relational grade greater than 0.85 as the defeated of electric grid investment prediction model Enter, respectively GDP, Analyzing Total Electricity Consumption, power grid electricity sales amount, 220kV and the above transmission line length and 220kV or more become Electric equipment capacity.Model output is electric grid investment.
In order to improve forecasting accuracy and reliability, before the projection, we are first according to formula (1) to above-mentioned original number According to progress nondimensionalization processing.
Treated, and data are as shown in table 2:
2 data prediction result of table
In the present invention, we are using the data of Chinese 1990-2009 as training sample set, with the number of 2010-2016 According to as test sample collection, electric grid investment is predicted with DE-GWO-SVM model.Model major parameter is set such as 3 institute of table Show:
The setting of 3 model parameter of table
Prediction result with DE-GWO-SVM model prediction China Power Grids as shown in Fig. 2, invest, prediction effect is good, in advance It is higher to survey precision.
This embodiment is merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, but scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto, In the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by anyone skilled in the art, It should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be with scope of protection of the claims Subject to.

Claims (5)

1. a kind of electric grid investment needing forecasting method characterized by comprising
Step 1: the influencing factor system of electric grid investment prediction is constructed by Delphi method;
Step 2: calculating the grey relational grade of each influence factor and electric grid investment, sequence filters out the main of electric grid investment prediction Input of the influence factor as prediction model;
Step 3: the parameter of support vector machines being optimized using differential evolution improved grey wolf optimization algorithm, establishes prediction mould Electric grid investment demand is predicted after type.
2. method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the influencing factor system of electric grid investment prediction include: through Help development, electricity needs, power grid scale and grid benefit four dimensions, and each dimension includes four factors, respectively successively are as follows: GDP, the industrial structure, population, urbanization rate, Analyzing Total Electricity Consumption, electricity consumption growth rate, electricity sales amount, power grid maximum load, 220kV and the above transmission line length, 110kV and following transmission line length, 220kV and the above transformer equipment capacity, 110kV And following transformer equipment capacity, power grid gross profit, unit power grid asset supply load, unit power grid asset electricity sales amount, unit electricity Net assets power selling income.
3. method according to claim 1 or claim 2, which is characterized in that the step 2 comprises determining that the reference in analytical sequence Sequence and compare sequence, nondimensionalization, calculate correlation coefficient and the degree of association are carried out to Variables Sequence, sequence will be compared according to grey The sequence of degree of association size, grey relational grade is bigger, and the situation for showing that the comparison sequence and reference sequences change is more consistent.
4. method according to claim 1 or claim 2, which is characterized in that the step 3 includes:
Step 301: setting relevant parameter, initialization population;
Step 302: calculating the fitness value of grey wolf individual, and it is ranked up, to determine the optimal front three of fitness value The position of grey wolf individual;
Step 303: calculate population in other grey wolf individuals with front three grey wolf body position at a distance from, update wolf pack position and Grey wolf optimization algorithm relevant parameter;
Step 304: being made a variation with differential evolution algorithm, crossover operation, generate new progeny population;
Step 305: carrying out selection operation, update wolf pack position;
Step 306: judging whether to reach maximum number of iterations, if reaching, export current optimal solution, otherwise, go to step 302 continue parameter optimization;
Step 307: the parameter value after optimization being assigned to support vector machines, establishes prediction model.
5. method according to claim 1 or claim 2, which is characterized in that the parameter is regularization parameter c and Radial basis kernel function Parameter g.
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