CN109211971A - The interface Shui Yan convection transfer rate measurement method in the sample seepage flow diabatic process of crack - Google Patents
The interface Shui Yan convection transfer rate measurement method in the sample seepage flow diabatic process of crack Download PDFInfo
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- CN109211971A CN109211971A CN201811367157.2A CN201811367157A CN109211971A CN 109211971 A CN109211971 A CN 109211971A CN 201811367157 A CN201811367157 A CN 201811367157A CN 109211971 A CN109211971 A CN 109211971A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
- G01N25/20—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating the development of heat, i.e. calorimetry, e.g. by measuring specific heat, by measuring thermal conductivity
Abstract
The invention discloses the interface Shui Yan convection transfer rate measurement methods in a kind of crack sample seepage flow diabatic process.The water flow of constant-temperature constant-current is injected to convection transfer rate test macro by liquid constant pressure and flow high-precision injected system and cold drive hot water stream thermostatic control system, the interface Shui Yan convection transfer rate h is measured by convection transfer rate test macro again, the variable associated therewith in measurement, such as flow, inlet water temperature, the crack wide b0 of initial gap, crack width deformation Δ b can be set by experimenter's requirement, the variable of test measurement, such as outlet stream amount Q, crack exit water temperature Tout, along Cheng ShuiwenT f in crack, crack internal surface temperature Ti can be accurately measured, convection transfer rate h is finally calculated.Present invention control variable is more accurate, the numerical value of the convection transfer rate h under certain state can be obtained by improved calculation method, and can study the quantitative relationship between h and different variables.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of measuring method of convection transfer rate, in specifically a kind of crack sample seepage flow diabatic process
The interface Shui Yan convection transfer rate measurement method belongs to Mining Geothermics and heat evil prevention and control field.
Background technique
It is exploited deeply as east China and part middle part enter, High-geotemperature mine is more and more common, follows for deep
Ring rises high heat anomaly mine caused by underground water, and geothermal energy resources carry out active utilization or passive prevention and treatment is new as Green Mine
Research direction.It includes water in fracture network-thermophoresis characteristic research that the research topic, which needs the critical issue solved,
Middle progress Single Fracture water-thermophoresis attribute testing research is element task.
Above-mentioned formula is rock temperature field, crevice water models for temperature field, above-mentioned formula in Single Fracture seepage flow-diabatic process
In, research both at home and abroad has accurate description to heat conduction in rockmass, internal fluid heat transfer and thermal convection, but is directed to water-rock circle
Heat exchange in face lacks system research, and wherein (hereinafter referred h) determines the heat between basement rock and crevice water to convection transfer rate h
Exchange does not have suitable empirical equation or accurate theoretical, Er Qieyou to the value of h at present for the heat transfer of fissure system
It is fewer and fewer to close test.
At home and abroad in many researchs, water-rock interface convection transfer rate h is substantially equivalent to definite value or is ignored
(local thermodynamic equilibrium's hypothesis), processing is so that problem reduction in this way, but this is inappropriate, heat convection system in practical situations
Number h are a dynamic value and the wide b of flow velocity v, gap, and the interface Shui Yan geometrical characteristic, the thermophysical property etc. of water rock are related, are based on this,
The relationship of the interface Shui Yan convection transfer rate h and quantitatively characterizing h and above-mentioned variable under certain state of detailed measurements have important
Meaning, as can reasonable convection transfer rate is applied to Fracture Networks seepage flow-Heat transfer numerical simulation, in simulations according to difference
Simulated conditions to h dynamic assignment, enable to final analog result more accurate, for production have directive significance.
Summary of the invention
In view of the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of interfaces seepage flow diabatic process Shui Yan
Convection transfer rate measuring method can measure different conditions and be lauched rock interface convection transfer rate, the interface quantitative study Shui Yan
Relationship between convection transfer rate and varying environment variable.
To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is that: water rock in a kind of crack sample seepage flow diabatic process
Interface convection transfer rate measurement method, includes the following steps:
Step 1: being cut into the Single Fracture sample with a certain rough features with yarn cutting machine, and with 0.8mm drill bit from
Single Fracture specimen surface is spaced inwardly to be drilled with multiple through-holes and counterbore, and the bottom of counterbore is close to fissure-plane, aperture 1mm, by thermometric
Line is respectively implanted in through-hole, counterbore and sense channel, then Single Fracture sample is fitted into clamper, and makes the wide measuring device of gap
In fissure-plane, thermometric line all passes through the wiring groove being arranged in outlet plug and draws clamper and be connected to data acquisition probe vertical
Device；
Step 2: turning on the switch, exhaust valve, circulating valve II, closes circulating valve I, then drives in ring press pump discharge confining pressure chamber
Air, exhaust valve is closed, to confining pressure intracavitary additions pressure oil application confining pressure σ3And the deformation for measuring crack under the confining pressure is Δ
B, it is known that in confining pressure σ3Under the conditions of crack width be b0- Δ b；Heating mantle heats clamper is used extremely after turning off the switch pressure stabilizing
Target temperature T0 opens circulating valve I, and circulating pump works, and the pressure oil extraction in confining pressure chamber is carried out circulation and keeps samming,
After temperature is stablized, under heat transfer effect Single Fracture sample hull-skin temperature, the pressure oil temperature in confining pressure chamber with clamping
Device surface temperature is consistent, is T0；
Step 3: liquid constant pressure and flow high-precision injected system and cold drive hot water stream thermostatic control system are opened, to pipeline I
Middle injection flow Q, the water flow that temperature is Tin1, clamper inlet water temperature is Tin1 at this time；It closes on clamper outlet pipe
Triple valve opens valve II, and water flows through pipeline I into entrance plug at this time and the water stream channel through entrance vacation core enters crack
Face, since triple valve is closed, water flow can flow out from another throughbore of entrance plug, clamper is discharged through pipeline II,
The temperature that thermometric line in the sense channel of entrance vacation core measures is crack inlet water temperature Tin2, and temperature sensor monitors
Temperature be clamper inlet water temperature Tin1, to clamper inlet water temperature Tin1 and crack inlet water temperature Tin2 in different flows
Q, the relationship under the conditions of Single Fracture sample hull-skin temperature T0 is demarcated, and is obtained the relationship of Tin2 and Tin1, is guaranteed accordingly
Tin2 is consistent with design value；
Step 4: needing to study in a certain crack inlet water temperature Tin2, crack width is b0- Δ b, Single Fracture sample appearance
When heat transfer situation under face temperature T0, flow Q, first the relationship according to the Tin2 and Tin1 of above-mentioned steps three is obtained under the operating condition
Tin1 value controls high/low temperature water bath with thermostatic control for water flow temperature constant temperature to Tin1, and controls liquid constant pressure and flow high-precision injection system
The water that injection flow of uniting is Q, water flow are flowed out from pipeline II, when temperature sensor detection temperature reaches Tin1, opening triple valve,
Valve II is closed, water flow is passed through from the Single Fracture sample in clamper at this time, after stability of flow, utilizes the false core in outlet
Thermometric line in sense channel measures crack exit water temperature Tout, is measured in crack using the thermometric line in each through-hole along Cheng Shuiwen
Tf, crack internal surface temperature Ti is measured using the thermometric line in each counterbore；
Step 5: convection transfer rate h is calculated according to obtained data derivation, calculating process is as follows:
After water rock reaches stable state, rock interior heat transfer, the heat three that heat, the water of the exchange of water rock are taken away are equal,
Wherein, the heat that water is taken away are as follows:
Q1=cpqvρw(Tout-Tin2)
Wherein, Q1--- the heat that water is taken away, J/s；cp--- the specific heat at constant pressure of water, J/ (kgK)；qv--- the stream of water
Amount, m3/s；ρw--- the density of water, kg/m3；qvFor the volume flow of fluid, qv=v*b*2R, v are the speed of water, and b is that gap is wide,
R is the radius of cylindrical Single Fracture sample；
The heat of water rock exchange are as follows:
Wherein,--- the mean temperature of the entire inner surface of rock；It is water flow along the mean temperature of entire surface；
H --- convection transfer rate, W/m2·K；A --- water rock contact area is in test 2wL, and w is that crack is wide, in test
It is the length of Single Fracture sample for 2R, L；
Above-mentioned two heat is equal, then:
1. the cylindrical radial temperature of Single Fracture sample is linearly distributed, at this time rock when fluid flow is in 5ml/min or less
The mean temperature of stone inner surfaceAre as follows:
In above formula,The multiple crack internal surface temperature T measured for deviceiAverage value, T0For rock hull-skin temperature,
The mean temperature of water flow at this timeAre as follows:
T1It is device according to obtaining matched curve, fitting formula form based on Cheng ShuiwenT f in the multiple cracks measured
It is as follows:
T1=T0+(Tin2-T0)exp(-B)
In formula, B is the coefficient of matched curve；
The then mean temperature of water flowAre as follows:
In above formula,For the average value in crack along Cheng Shuiwen；
Then, under such operating condition convection transfer rate h calculation formula are as follows:
2. when fluid flow is in 5ml/min or more, the cylindrical radial temperature of Single Fracture sample is distributed in quadratic function, this
When, the mean temperature of rock inner surface at this timeAre as follows:
In above formula,The multiple crack internal surface temperature T measured for deviceiAverage value, T0For rock hull-skin temperature,
Under this high flow velocities, the mean temperature of water flowAre as follows:
Then, under such operating condition convection transfer rate h calculation formula are as follows:
In above-mentioned steps three, open liquid constant pressure and flow high-precision injected system and cold drive hot water stream thermostatic control system to
The detailed process of flow Q, the water flow that temperature is Tin1 are injected in pipeline I are as follows:
1. the cold insulating box starting for driving hot water stream thermostatic control system, is heated to temperature for environment temperature entire in structure
Tin1；
2. high/low temperature water-bath preheats: heating water to set temperature Tin1 by high/low temperature water bath with thermostatic control；
3. the fliud flushing stage: controller controls the 6th switching valve, the 7th switching valve, the second switching valve, third switching valve and opens,
Remaining switching valve is closed, and is opened fluid infusion pump for the hot water in high/low temperature water bath with thermostatic control and is pumped into the first bidirectional piston cylinder and second two-way
In piston cylinder, hot water will push piston movement and enter in the first bidirectional piston cylinder and the second bidirectional piston cylinder, insulating box at this time
Heat loss of the real-time compensation during this, the shift position signal of piston can be collected by displacement sensor and be transmitted to control
Device when controller judges that fliud flushing is completed according to position signal, closes the 7th switching valve, third switching valve；
4. starting constant pressure and flow twin cylinder pump, the water in cold water vessels is injected by waterline with constant flow Q cold
Drive hot water stream thermostatic control system；
5. the 4th switching valve, the 8th switching valve are opened in control, the cold water of constant pressure and flow twin cylinder pump injection at this time reversely pushes the
Hot water therein is injected into clamper by piston in two bidirectional piston cylinders, and the first bidirectional piston cylinder, which is in, at this time waits shape
State；
6. controller judges the second bidirectional piston according to the displacement signal that the displacement sensor of the second bidirectional piston cylinder detects
After the completion of cylinder fluid injection, closing the 4th switching valve, the 8th switching valve, the second switching valve, the 6th switching valve, opening third switching valve,
7th switching valve, the first switching valve, the 5th switching valve, hot water will push piston movement and enter the second bidirectional piston cylinder at this time
In, it is the second bidirectional piston cylinder fluid infusion；Constant pressure and flow twin cylinder pump drives cold water by the heat in the first bidirectional piston cylinder at the same time
Water continues to inject in clamper, and control fluid infusion velocity is greater than fluid injection speed, i.e., the fluid infusion process of the second bidirectional piston cylinder is prior to the
One two-way piston cylinder injection process is completed；
7. the second bidirectional piston cylinder fluid infusion completion is standby immediately, sharp again after the completion of the first bidirectional piston cylinder fluid injection
With the second bidirectional piston cylinder fluid injection, so alternately injection guarantees stable top-up injection.
Compared with the existing technology, the present invention has the advantage that
1. cold drive hot water stream thermostatic control system of the invention is worked alternatively by two bidirectional piston cylinders of control, by cold water
Enter clamper as power drive hot water, high/low temperature water bath with thermostatic control is main heat source (temperature fluctuation range is ± 0.05 DEG C), outside
The insulating box in portion is auxiliary thermal source, can be with thermal loss in real-time compensation pipeline, can be by exit water temperature control errors ± 0.5
DEG C, the water flow of constant temperature can be provided for test, the alternating smooth working of bidirectional piston cylinder provides stable water flow also for clamper,
Eliminate pulse；
2. the present invention changes traditional water flow constant temperature thinking, the water flow in constant pressure and flow twin cylinder pump injection pipe section is not considered
Heat preservation problem, it is only necessary to guarantee the small range liquid constant temperature in high/low temperature water bath with thermostatic control, by a wide range of heating and thermal insulation problem
It is changed into small range heating and thermal insulation, improves thermostatically controlled precision, temperature loss very little；Clamper outlet liquid can also return
It flows in high/low temperature water bath with thermostatic control, ensure that the recycling of hydrothermal solution；
3. will receive heat transfer influence in view of water flow enters after clamper, clamper inlet water temperature Tin1 and crack enter saliva
Warm Tin2 can be very different, and carry out temperature calibration in advance in clamper arrival end, first study Tin1 and Tin2 in different rings
Relationship under the state of border reaches design value so as to accurately control crack inlet water temperature Tin2；And by by clamper left end
Material be set as low Heat Conduction Material, reduce the influence to water temperature of conducting heat as far as possible, reduce clamper entrance and crack entrance
The difference of water temperature；
4. the present invention is arranged by unique thermometric line, pass through during carrying out Single Fracture test specimen seepage flow-Experimental Study of Heat Transfer
Thermometric line in the sense channel of entrance vacation core can measure crack inlet water temperature Tin2, in the sense channel for exporting false core
Thermometric line can measure crack exit water temperature Tout in real time, the thermometric line in through-hole can survey in crack along Cheng ShuiwenT f, counterbore
Thermometric line can survey crack internal surface temperature Ti；Crack gap can be accurately measured by the crack width measuring device of design
The variable quantity of wide b, the probe of vertical fissure-plane are close to the outer surface of sample, have fully considered the influence that gum cover deformation generates, phase
Than other designs, measurement error is eliminated significantly；
5. apparatus of the present invention are when measuring the interface Shui Yan convection transfer rate, variable associated therewith, such as flow, Inlet water
Temperature, the wide b0 of the initial gap in crack, crack width deform Δ b, the roughness properties of fissure-plane can be set by experimenter's requirement, and test is surveyed
The variable of amount, as can along Cheng ShuiwenT f, crack internal surface temperature Ti in outlet stream amount Q, crack exit water temperature Tout, crack
Precise measurement.Compared to other similar Designs, the present invention control variable it is more accurate, the variable of measurement is more, for research h from it is different
Quantitative relationship between variable provides possibility；
6. the present invention can obtain the numerical value of the convection transfer rate h under certain state by improved calculation method, and
The quantitative relationship between h and different variables can be studied.Accurate h value is applied to Fracture Networks seepage flow-Heat transfer numerical simulation
And in simulations according to different simulated conditions to h dynamic assignment, enable to final analog result more accurate, for life
Producing has directive significance.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 the structural representation of present invention；
The schematic diagram of cold drive hot water stream thermostatic control system in Fig. 2 present invention；
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the convection transfer rate test macro in the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the bore position main view in clamper of the invention；
Fig. 5 is the top view of Fig. 4；
Fig. 6 is the perspective view of Single Fracture sample of the invention；
Fig. 7 is the variable schematic diagram measured in clamper of the invention；
Fig. 8 is the schematic diagram for the side that the false core of entrance vacation core and outlet is relative to each other in clamper of the invention；
Fig. 9 is side schematic view of the false core in outlet of the invention towards outlet plug side；
Figure 10 is the side structure schematic diagram of outlet plug of the invention；
Figure 11 is the schematic diagram of confining pressure loading device of the invention；
Diabatic process schematic diagram when Figure 12 is heating mantle heats clamper of the present invention；
In figure, 1. constant pressure and flow twin cylinder pumps；2. cold water vessels；3. high/low temperature water bath with thermostatic control；4. fluid infusion pumps；5. safety valve；
61. the first bidirectional piston cylinder；62. the second bidirectional piston cylinder；
V1. the first switching valve；V2. the second switching valve；V3. third switching valve；V4. the 4th switching valve；V5. the 5th conversion
Valve；V6. the 6th switching valve；V7. the 7th switching valve；V8. the 8th switching valve；
7. displacement sensor；8. insulating box；
9. sleeve；9-1. fuel feed hole；9-2. oil outlet；10. gum cover；11. entrance plug；12. entrance vacation core；13. single
Crack sample；13-1. through-hole；13-2. counterbore；13-3. fissure-plane；14. the wide measuring device of gap；14-1. probe；15. arrival end
Lid；16. ingress protection lid；17. wiring groove；17-1. pressure-resistant cushion；18. temperature sensor；19. counterbalance valve；20. positioning column；
21. thermometric line；22. pressure sensor II；23. ring press pump；24. circulating pump；25. heating mantle；26. switch；27. circulating valve I；
28. exhaust valve；29. circulating valve II；30. pressure sensor I；31. triple valve；33. pipeline I；33-1. valve I；32. pipeline II；
32-1. valve II；34. exporting false core；35. exporting plug；35-1. water flow fairlead；36. exporting protection cap；37. seepage flow
Slot；38.O type circle；40. water stream channel；50. sense channel；60. water flow meter；70. data collector.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Convection transfer rate measuring and calculating in the interface Shui Yan in the Single Fracture sample seepage flow diabatic process that the present invention as shown in the figure uses
Device includes liquid constant pressure and flow high-precision injected system, cold drive hot water stream thermostatic control system, convection transfer rate test system
System,
The liquid constant pressure and flow high-precision injected system includes constant pressure and flow twin cylinder pump 1 and is connected to constant pressure and flow twin-tub
Pump the cold water vessels 2 on 1 entrance；
The cold drive hot water stream thermostatic control system includes 61 He of the first bidirectional piston cylinder being located in an insulating box 8 side by side
Second bidirectional piston cylinder 62, the open at one end of the first bidirectional piston cylinder 61 are respectively connected to one first turn by waterline
One end of valve V1, one second switching valve V2 are changed, the other end of the second switching valve V2 is connected to atmosphere, the second bidirectional piston cylinder
62 one end open at one end that a third switching valve V3, one the 4th switching valve V4 are respectively connected to by waterline, third turn
The other end for changing valve V3 is connected to atmosphere, and the other end of the first switching valve V1, the other end of the 4th switching valve V4 pass through water-supply-pipe
Line is commonly connected to the outlet of constant pressure and flow twin cylinder pump 1；Another end opening of the first bidirectional piston cylinder 61 passes through water-supply-pipe
Line is respectively connected to one end of one the 5th switching valve V5, one the 6th switching valve V6, another end opening of the second bidirectional piston cylinder 62
One end of one the 7th switching valve V7, one the 8th switching valve V8, the 6th switching valve V6, the 7th turn are respectively connected to by waterline
The other end for changing valve V7 is commonly connected to the pump discharge of fluid infusion pump 4, the pump intake of fluid infusion pump 4 and a height by waterline
Warm water bath with thermostatic control 3 connects；Waterline is equipped with safety valve 5；Above-mentioned each switching valve can be switch or electromagnetic valve.
The convection transfer rate test macro includes clamper, and the clamper includes sleeve 9, in the sleeve 9 with
It is coaxially provided with gum cover 10, confining pressure chamber is equipped between 10 outer wall of 9 inner wall of sleeve and gum cover, and sleeve 9 is externally provided with confining pressure load dress
It sets；One entrance vacation core 12 and an entrance plug 11 successively fill in gum cover 10 from the entrance side of clamper, and clamper enters
Mouth side is equipped with inlet cap 15, and the false core 34 in an outlet and an outlet plug 35 successively fill in gum cover 10 from the outlet side of clamper
In, the false core 34 of the entrance vacation core 12 and outlet is respectively equipped with water stream channel 40, and entrance vacation core along respective central axes
It is respectively radially diverged from center equipped with multiple seepage tanks 37 on 12 sides relative to each other with false core 34 is exported；
Two throughbores are equipped in the entrance plug 11 with its axis parallel, a throughbore passes through pipeline I
33 are connected to the other end of the 5th switching valve V5, the 8th switching valve V8, and pipeline I 33 is equipped with valve I 33-1 and temperature sensor
18, another throughbore is connected to outside by pipeline II 32, and pipeline II 32 is equipped with II 32-1 of valve；
Single Fracture sample 13, simple check are equipped in the cavity that the entrance vacation core 12, the false core 34 in outlet, gum cover 10 surround
It is spaced apart along its length in gap sample 13 equipped with multiple instrument connection groups, the instrument connection group includes one from Single Fracture sample
13 outer walls radially pass to the counterbore 13- that the through-hole 13-1 and one of fissure-plane 13-3 is inwardly opened up from 13 outer wall of Single Fracture sample
2, the bottom of the counterbore 13-2 is close to fissure-plane 13-3；Respectively with water flow in the false core 34 of the entrance vacation core 12 and outlet
Channel 40 is that starting point is radially extended equipped with sense channel 50, in each sense channel 50, through-hole 13-1 and counterbore 13-2 all
Equipped with thermometric line 21, the thermometric line 21 all draws clamper, the outlet by the wiring groove 17 being arranged in outlet plug 35
35 center of plug is axially arranged with water flow fairlead 35-1 along it, and water flow fairlead 35-1 exposes one end of outlet plug 35 by going out
Water pipe is connected to a water flow meter 60, and the outlet pipe is equipped with triple valve 31 and counterbalance valve 19, is connected on triple valve 31
Pressure sensor I 30, pipeline I 33 are equipped with pressure sensor II 22, can be measured by the pressure sensor at clamper both ends
The barometric gradient at clamper both ends in flow event；The water flow meter 60 can be electronic balance, and electronic balance is every one
The water flow weight of section time measurement injection beaker, can convert to obtain outflow Q, which is equal to input clamper entrance
Flow, since the water flow come out from clamper is more stable, the flow measured is also more accurate and reliable；The outlet pipe passes through
One branch line is connected to that excessive water is discharged in time in high/low temperature water bath with thermostatic control 3 in high/low temperature water bath with thermostatic control 3 and recycles；
The wide measuring device 14 of gap is equipped with outside the sleeve 9, the probe 14-1 of the wide measuring device 14 of gap is perpendicular to fissure-plane 13-3
Across sleeve 9 and gum cover 10 and the outer wall for withstanding Single Fracture sample 13, probe 14-1 in this way can directly with Single Fracture sample 13
Contact measures the variation of Fracture Width, has avoided the error caused by gap wide measurement when gum cover 10 deforms；
The temperature sensor 18, thermometric line 21 draw the end of clamper, the wide measuring device 14 of gap, water flow meter
60, each pressure sensor is commonly connected on a data collector 70.The data collector 70 of use can select Advantech
PCI720 type collector, can be with the detection data of real-time reception to each detection part and real-time display come out.
Preferably, further include a controller, set respectively outside the first bidirectional piston cylinder 61, the second bidirectional piston cylinder 62
Have a displacement sensor 7, the first bidirectional piston cylinder 61, the second bidirectional piston cylinder 62 piston be respectively connected to corresponding displacement and pass
Sensor 7, institute's displacement sensors 7 are connect with the input terminal of controller, and the output end of controller is connect with each switching valve respectively；Turn
Changing valve is electromagnetic control type valve.Displacement sensor 7 can learn the first bidirectional piston cylinder 61, the second bidirectional piston cylinder 62 in real time
In piston position, and position signal is transmitted to controller, controller controls the opening and closing of each switching valve to control first
The alternating fluid infusion and fluid injection of bidirectional piston cylinder 61, the second bidirectional piston cylinder 62.
Preferably, the confining pressure loading device includes ring press pump 23 and heating mantle 25, and the outlet of the ring press pump 23 passes through
Pressure pipeline is connected to the fuel feed hole 9-1 being arranged on sleeve 9, and the oil outlet 9-2 on sleeve 9 is connected to atmosphere by pressure relief pipeline
In, and pressure pipeline is equipped with switch 26, pressure relief pipeline is equipped with exhaust valve 28；25 sets of the heating mantle is on sleeve 9.Heating
Set 25 can be used electric heating, heating efficiency with higher, first heating muff 9, and heat can inwardly be transmitted to pressure by sleeve 9
Oil, gum cover 10 simultaneously reach 13 surface of Single Fracture sample.
It further include a circulating pump 24, one end of circulating pump 24 is connected on pressure pipeline by circulating valve I 27, the release
Pipeline between oil outlet 9-2 and exhaust valve 28 be equipped with circulating valve II 29, the other end of circulating pump 24 be connected to exhaust valve 28 with
Relief tube section between circulating valve II 29.Circulating pump 24 can be continuously circulated the pressure oil in confining pressure chamber, avoid conducting heat
The oil temperature of different location is caused difference occur, oil temperature is uniform everywhere for the pressure oil in guarantee confining pressure chamber；Circulating pump 24 has heating
Pressure oil can also be compensated when function in time because transferring heat to the heat of water flow loss, guarantee 13 hull-skin temperature of Single Fracture sample
T0 all-the-time stable.
The side surrounding water stream channel 40 for exporting false core 34 towards outlet plug 35 is equipped with an O-ring 38, and O-ring 38 is set
It is exporting between false core 34 and outlet plug 35, can be effectively prevented from the water that water stream channel 40 flows out and be directly entered wiring groove
Thermometric line 21 is damaged in 17.
The notch that wiring groove 17 exposes clamper is equipped with pressure-resistant cushion 17-1, and the pressure resistance cushion 17-1 is by three layers of cushion
Material composition, respectively polyimides, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyimide material, thermometric line 21 pass through pressure resistance cushion 17-1 and draw
Clamper out, pressure-resistant cushion 17-1 have the characteristics that pressure resistance, can tightly fix thermometric line 21.
Preferably, the wide measuring device 14 of gap includes LVDT displacement sensor, the probe 14-1 and LVDT of the wide measuring table of gap
Displacement sensor connection, can measure the vertical deformation amount △ b in sample crack, and LVDT according to the wide selection range of gap
Displacement sensor is connected on data collector 70.
The thermal loss in crack is flowed into reduce water flow from clamper entrance, entrance plug 11 is sub- using nonmetallic polyamides
Amine material, entrance vacation core 12 have further reduced folder using such material conducts heat low efficiency using polytetrafluoroethylene material
The difference between the inlet water temperature of crack in holder inlet water temperature and clamper, also reduces clamper inlet port pressure as far as possible
The temperature of oil influences the heat transfer of water flow.
Further, 10 outer wall of gum cover is equipped with positioning column 20, and positioning column 20 can cooperate the hole of insertion 9 inner wall of sleeve
In, when in the hole that positioning column 20 is embedded in 9 inner wall of sleeve, fissure-plane 13-3 and the wide measuring device 14 of gap of Single Fracture sample 13
The 14-1 that pops one's head in is just vertical.First Single Fracture sample 13 is pushed into gum cover 10 when loading, then gum cover 10 is determined by positioning column 20
In sleeve 9, positioning column 20 facilitates the positioning of fissure-plane 13-3 for position, can guarantee the fissure-plane of Single Fracture sample 13 after dress sample
13-3 and the probe 14-1 of the wide measuring device 14 of gap are vertical always.
Preferably, the inlet cap 15 is fixed on the entrance side of sleeve 9 by ingress protection lid 16, and outlet plug 35 is logical
Cross the outlet side that outlet protection cap 36 is fixed on sleeve 9.
The fissure-plane 13-3 of the Single Fracture sample 13 is designed in advance, is cut by yarn cutting machine.
The measurement method of the interface Shui Yan convection transfer rate includes the following steps: in the sample seepage flow diabatic process of crack
Step 1: being cut into the Single Fracture sample 13 with a certain rough features with yarn cutting machine, and with 0.8mm drill bit
Multiple through-hole 13-1 and counterbore 13-2 are drilled with from 13 surface of Single Fracture sample is spaced inwardly, the bottom of counterbore 13-2 is close to fissure-plane
Thermometric line 21 is respectively implanted in through-hole 13-1, counterbore 13-2 and sense channel 50 by 13-3, aperture 1mm, and thermometric line 21 passes through resistance to
High-temperature seal adhesive is fixed in each hole and channel, and 13 two sides of Single Fracture sample are sealed with AB glue, then by thermometric line 21 with Single Fracture
Sample 13 is fitted into clamper, and makes the probe 14-1 of the wide measuring device 14 of gap perpendicular to fissure-plane 13-3, and thermometric line 21 is all logical
The wiring groove 17 being arranged in outlet plug 35 is crossed to draw clamper and be connected to data collector 70；
Step 2: turning on the switch 26, exhaust valve 28, circulating valve II 29, closes circulating valve I 27, then drive 23 row of ring press pump
Air in confining pressure chamber out closes exhaust valve 28, applies confining pressure σ to the intracavitary addition pressure oil of confining pressure such as dimethicone3And it surveys
The deformation in crack is Δ b under the confining pressure out, it is known that in confining pressure σ3Under the conditions of crack width be b0- Δ b；Turn off the switch 26
Clamper is heated to target temperature T0 with heating mantle 25 after pressure stabilizing, opens circulating valve I 27, circulating pump 24 works, by confining pressure
Pressure oil extraction in chamber carries out circulation holding samming, after temperature is stablized, 13 appearance of Single Fracture sample under heat transfer effect
Pressure oil temperature in face temperature, confining pressure chamber is consistent with 9 surface temperature of holder sleeve, is T0；
Step 3: liquid constant pressure and flow high-precision injected system and cold drive hot water stream thermostatic control system are opened, to pipeline I
Flow Q is injected in 33, the water flow that temperature is Tin1, clamper inlet water temperature is Tin1 at this time；It closes on clamper outlet pipe
Triple valve 31, open II 32-1 of valve, at this time water flow through pipeline I 33 enter entrance plug 11 and the water through entrance vacation core 12
Circulation road 40 enters fissure-plane 13-3, and since triple valve 31 is closed, water flow can be from another throughbore of entrance plug 11
Clamper is discharged through pipeline II 32 for outflow, and the temperature that the thermometric line 21 in the sense channel 50 of entrance vacation core 12 measures is
Crack inlet water temperature Tin2, the temperature that temperature sensor 18 monitors are clamper inlet water temperature Tin1, enter saliva to clamper
Relationship of the warm Tin1 and crack inlet water temperature Tin2 under the conditions of different flow Q, 13 hull-skin temperature T0 of Single Fracture sample into
Rower is fixed, obtains the relationship of Tin2 and Tin1, guarantees that Tin2 is consistent with design value accordingly；
Step 4: needing to study in a certain crack inlet water temperature Tin2, crack width is b0- Δ b, Single Fracture sample appearance
When heat transfer situation under face temperature T0, flow Q, first the relationship according to the Tin2 and Tin1 of above-mentioned steps three is obtained under the operating condition
Tin1 value controls high/low temperature water bath with thermostatic control 3 for water flow temperature constant temperature to Tin1, and controls liquid constant pressure and flow high-precision injection system
The water that system injection flow is Q, water flow is flowed out from pipeline II 32, when temperature sensor 18, which detects temperature, reaches Tin1, setting back
19 pressure of pressure valve is 0.1MPa, opens triple valve 31, closes II 32-1 of valve, water flow is from the Single Fracture sample in clamper at this time
Pass through in 13, after stability of flow, measures crack using the thermometric line 21 in the sense channel 50 for exporting false core 34 and go out saliva
Warm Tout is measured in crack along Cheng ShuiwenT f using the thermometric line 21 in each through-hole 13-1, utilizes the thermometric in each counterbore 13-2
Line 21 measures crack internal surface temperature Ti, and the temperature measured can all be transmitted to data collector 70；
Step 5: convection transfer rate h is calculated according to obtained data derivation, calculating process is as follows:
After water rock reaches stable state, rock interior heat transfer, the heat three that heat, the water of the exchange of water rock are taken away are equal,
Wherein, the heat that water is taken away are as follows:
Q1=cpqvρw(Tout-Tin2)
Wherein, Q1--- the heat that water is taken away, J/s；cp--- the specific heat at constant pressure of water, J/ (kgK)；qv--- the stream of water
Amount, m3/s；ρw--- the density of water, kg/m3；qvFor the volume flow of fluid, qv=v*b*2R, v are the speed of water, and b is that gap is wide,
R is the radius of cylindrical Single Fracture sample 13；
The heat of water rock exchange are as follows:
Wherein,--- the mean temperature of the entire inner surface of rock；It is water flow along the mean temperature of entire surface；
H --- convection transfer rate, W/m2·K；A --- water rock contact area is in test 2wL, and w is that crack is wide, in test
It is the length of Single Fracture sample 13 for 2R, L；
Above-mentioned two heat is equal, then:
1. the cylindrical radial temperature of Single Fracture sample 13 is linearly distributed, at this time when fluid flow is in 5ml/min or less
The mean temperature of rock inner surfaceAre as follows:
In above formula,The multiple crack internal surface temperature T measured for deviceiAverage value, T0For rock hull-skin temperature,
The mean temperature of water flow at this timeAre as follows:
T1It is device according to obtaining matched curve, fitting formula form based on Cheng ShuiwenT f in the multiple cracks measured
It is as follows:
T1=T0+(Tin2-T0)exp(-B)
In formula, B is the coefficient of matched curve；
The then mean temperature of water flowAre as follows:
In above formula,For the average value in crack along Cheng Shuiwen；
Then, under such operating condition convection transfer rate h calculation formula are as follows:
2. when fluid flow is in 5ml/min or more, the cylindrical radial temperature of Single Fracture sample 13 is distributed in quadratic function,
At this point, the mean temperature of rock inner surface at this timeAre as follows:
In above formula,The multiple crack internal surface temperature T measured for deviceiAverage value, T0For rock hull-skin temperature,
Under this high flow velocities, the mean temperature of water flowAre as follows:
Then, under such operating condition convection transfer rate h calculation formula are as follows:
In above-mentioned steps three, liquid constant pressure and flow high-precision injected system and cold drive hot water stream thermostatic control system are opened
The detailed process of flow Q, the water flow that temperature is Tin1 are injected into pipeline I 33 are as follows:
1. the cold insulating box 8 for driving hot water stream thermostatic control system starts, environment temperature entire in structure is heated to temperature
Tin1；
2. high/low temperature water-bath preheats: heating water to set temperature Tin1 by high/low temperature water bath with thermostatic control 3；
3. the fliud flushing stage: controller controls the 6th switching valve V6, the 7th switching valve V7, the second switching valve V2, third conversion
Valve V3 is opened, remaining switching valve is closed, and opens fluid infusion pump 4 and the hot water in high/low temperature water bath with thermostatic control 3 is pumped into the first bidirectional piston
In cylinder 61 and the second bidirectional piston cylinder 62, hot water will push piston movement and enter the first bidirectional piston cylinder 61 and second pair at this time
Into piston cylinder 62, heat loss of 8 real-time compensation of insulating box during this, the shift position signal of piston can be by displacement sensor
7 collect and are transmitted to controller, when controller judges that fliud flushing is completed according to position signal, close the 7th switching valve V7, third
Switching valve V3；
4. starting constant pressure and flow twin cylinder pump 1, the water in cold water vessels 2 is injected with constant flow Q by waterline
Cold drive hot water stream thermostatic control system；
5. the 4th switching valve V4, the 8th switching valve V8 are opened in control, constant pressure and flow twin cylinder pump 1 injects cold water reverse push at this time
It moves the piston in the second bidirectional piston cylinder 62, hot water therein is injected into clamper, at this time at the first bidirectional piston cylinder 61
In wait state；
6. controller judges the second two-way work according to the displacement signal that the displacement sensor 7 of the second bidirectional piston cylinder 62 detects
After the completion of 62 fluid injection of plug cylinder, the 4th switching valve V4, the 8th switching valve V8, the second switching valve V2, the 6th switching valve V6 are closed, is opened
Third switching valve V3, the 7th switching valve V7, the first switching valve V1, the 5th switching valve V5, it is mobile simultaneously to will push piston for hot water at this time
It is 62 fluid infusion of the second bidirectional piston cylinder into the second bidirectional piston cylinder 62；Constant pressure and flow twin cylinder pump 1 drives cold water at the same time
By the hot water in the first bidirectional piston cylinder 61 continue inject clamper in, control fluid infusion velocity be greater than fluid injection speed, i.e., second pair
It is completed to the fluid infusion process of piston cylinder 62 prior to 61 injection process of the first bidirectional piston cylinder；
7. 62 fluid infusion of the second bidirectional piston cylinder completion is standby immediately, after the completion of 61 fluid injection of the first bidirectional piston cylinder
62 fluid injection of the second bidirectional piston cylinder is recycled, so alternately injection guarantees stable top-up injection.
Claims (2)
1. the interface Shui Yan convection transfer rate measurement method in a kind of crack sample seepage flow diabatic process, which is characterized in that including
Following steps:
Step 1: being cut into the Single Fracture sample (13) with a certain rough features with yarn cutting machine, and with 0.8mm drill bit from
Single Fracture sample (13) surface is spaced inwardly to be drilled with multiple through-holes (13-1) and counterbore (13-2), and the bottom of counterbore (13-2) is close
Thermometric line (21) is respectively implanted through-hole (13-1), counterbore (13-2) and sense channel (50) by fissure-plane (13-3), aperture 1mm
In, then Single Fracture sample (13) is fitted into clamper, and make the probe (14-1) of the wide measuring device of gap (14) perpendicular to crack
Face (13-3), thermometric line (21) all draw clamper by the wiring groove (17) being arranged in outlet plug (35) and are connected to data
Collector (70)；
Step 2: turning on the switch (26), exhaust valve (28), circulating valve II (29), closes circulating valve I (27), then drive ring press pump
(23) air in confining pressure chamber is discharged, closes exhaust valve (28), applies confining pressure σ to the intracavitary addition pressure oil of confining pressure3And measure this
The deformation in crack is Δ b under confining pressure, it is known that in confining pressure σ3Under the conditions of crack width be b0- Δ b；It is steady to turn off the switch (26)
Clamper is heated to target temperature T0 with heating mantle (25) after pressure, is opened circulating valve I (27), circulating pump (24) works, will
Pressure oil extraction in confining pressure chamber carries out circulation holding samming, after temperature is stablized, the Single Fracture sample under heat transfer effect
(13) hull-skin temperature, the pressure oil temperature in confining pressure chamber are consistent with clamp surface temperature, are T0；
Step 3: liquid constant pressure and flow high-precision injected system and cold drive hot water stream thermostatic control system are opened, to pipeline I (33)
Middle injection flow Q, the water flow that temperature is Tin1, clamper inlet water temperature is Tin1 at this time；It closes on clamper outlet pipe
Triple valve (31) is opened valve II (32-1), and water flows through pipeline I (33) into entrance plug (11) and through entrance vacation core at this time
(12) water stream channel (40) enters fissure-plane (13-3), and since triple valve (31) is closed, water flow can be from entrance plug (11)
The outflow of another throughbore, through pipeline II (32) clamper is discharged, in the sense channel (50) of entrance vacation core (12)
The temperature that thermometric line (21) measures is crack inlet water temperature Tin2, and the temperature that temperature sensor (18) monitors enters for clamper
Saliva temperature Tin1, to clamper inlet water temperature Tin1 and crack inlet water temperature Tin2 in different flow Q, Single Fracture sample (13)
Relationship under the conditions of hull-skin temperature T0 is demarcated, and obtains the relationship of Tin2 and Tin1, guarantees Tin2 and design value one accordingly
It causes；
Step 4: needing to study in a certain crack inlet water temperature Tin2, crack width is b0- Δ b, Single Fracture sample outer surface temperature
When spending the heat transfer situation under T0, flow Q, first the relationship according to the Tin2 and Tin1 of above-mentioned steps three obtains the Tin1 under the operating condition
Value controls high/low temperature water bath with thermostatic control (3) for water flow temperature constant temperature to Tin1, and controls liquid constant pressure and flow high-precision injected system
The water that flow is Q is injected, water flow is flowed out from pipeline II (32), when temperature sensor (18) detection temperature reaches Tin1, is opened
Triple valve (31) closes valve II (32-1), and water flow is passed through from the Single Fracture sample (13) in clamper at this time, steady to flow
After fixed, crack exit water temperature Tout is measured using the thermometric line (21) in the sense channel (50) for exporting false core (34), is utilized
Thermometric line (21) in each through-hole (13-1) measures in crack along Cheng ShuiwenT f, utilizes the thermometric line (21) in each counterbore (13-2)
Measure crack internal surface temperature Ti；
Step 5: convection transfer rate h is calculated according to obtained data derivation, calculating process is as follows:
After water rock reaches stable state, rock interior heat transfer, the heat three that heat, the water of the exchange of water rock are taken away are equal,
Wherein, the heat that water is taken away are as follows:
Q1=cpqvρw(Tout-Tin2)
Wherein, Q1--- the heat that water is taken away, J/s；cp--- the specific heat at constant pressure of water, I/ (kgK)；qv--- the flow of water, m3/
s；ρw--- the density of water, kg/m3；qvFor the volume flow of fluid, qv=v*b*2R, v are the speed of water, and b is that gap is wide, and R is circle
The radius of cylindrical Single Fracture sample (13)；
The heat of water rock exchange are as follows:
Wherein,--- the mean temperature of the entire inner surface of rock；It is water flow along the mean temperature of entire surface；H --- it is right
Flow the coefficient of heat transfer, W/m2·K；A --- water rock contact area is in test 2wL, and it is in test 2R, L is that w, which is that crack is wide,
The length of Single Fracture sample (13)；
Above-mentioned two heat is equal, then:
1. the cylindrical radial temperature of Single Fracture sample (13) is linearly distributed, at this time rock when fluid flow is in 5ml/min or less
The mean temperature of stone inner surfaceAre as follows:
In above formula,The multiple crack internal surface temperature T measured for deviceiAverage value, T0For rock hull-skin temperature,
The mean temperature of water flow at this timeAre as follows:
T1It is device according to matched curve is obtained based on Cheng ShuiwenT f in the multiple cracks measured, fitting formula form is as follows:
T1=T0+(Tin2-T0)exp(-B)
In formula, B is the coefficient of matched curve；
The then mean temperature of water flowAre as follows:
In above formula,For the average value in crack along Cheng Shuiwen；
Then, under such operating condition convection transfer rate h calculation formula are as follows:
2. when fluid flow is in 5ml/min or more, the cylindrical radial temperature of Single Fracture sample (13) is distributed in quadratic function, this
When, the mean temperature of rock inner surface at this timeAre as follows:
In above formula,The multiple crack internal surface temperature T measured for deviceiAverage value, T0For rock hull-skin temperature,
Under this high flow velocities, the mean temperature of water flowAre as follows:
Then, under such operating condition convection transfer rate h calculation formula are as follows:
2. the interface Shui Yan convection transfer rate measurement method in sample seepage flow diabatic process in crack according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that,
In the step 3, liquid constant pressure and flow high-precision injected system and cold drive hot water stream thermostatic control system are opened to pipeline
The detailed process of flow Q, the water flow that temperature is Tin1 are injected in I (33) are as follows:
1. cold insulating box (8) starting for driving hot water stream thermostatic control system, is heated to temperature for environment temperature entire in structure
Tin1；
2. high/low temperature water-bath preheats: heating water to set temperature Tin1 by high/low temperature water bath with thermostatic control (3)；
3. the fliud flushing stage: controller controls the 6th switching valve (V6), the 7th switching valve (V7), the second switching valve (V2), third and turns
Valve (V3) opening is changed, remaining switching valve is closed, and is opened fluid infusion pump (4) for the hot water in high/low temperature water bath with thermostatic control (3) and is pumped into first
In bidirectional piston cylinder (61) and the second bidirectional piston cylinder (62), hot water will push piston movement and enter the first bidirectional piston at this time
In cylinder (61) and the second bidirectional piston cylinder (62), heat loss of insulating box (8) real-time compensation during this, the shift position of piston
Signal can collect and be transmitted to controller by displacement sensor (7), when controller judges that fliud flushing is completed according to position signal, close
Close the 7th switching valve (V7), third switching valve (V3)；
4. starting constant pressure and flow twin cylinder pump (1), the water in cold water vessels (2) is injected with constant flow Q by waterline
Cold drive hot water stream thermostatic control system；
5. the 4th switching valve (V4), the 8th switching valve (V8) are opened in control, the cold water of constant pressure and flow twin cylinder pump (1) injection at this time is reversed
It pushes the piston in the second bidirectional piston cylinder (62), hot water therein is injected into clamper, at this time the first bidirectional piston cylinder
(61) it is waited for；
6. controller judges the second two-way work according to the displacement signal that the displacement sensor (7) of the second bidirectional piston cylinder (62) detects
After the completion of plug cylinder (62) fluid injection, the 4th switching valve (V4), the 8th switching valve (V8), the second switching valve (V2), the 6th conversion are closed
Valve (V6) opens third switching valve (V3), the 7th switching valve (V7), the first switching valve (V1), the 5th switching valve (V5), hot at this time
Water will push piston movement and enter in the second bidirectional piston cylinder (62), be second bidirectional piston cylinder (62) fluid infusion；At the same time
Constant pressure and flow twin cylinder pump (1) drives cold water to continue to inject in clamper by the hot water in the first bidirectional piston cylinder (61), and control is mended
Liquid speed degree is greater than fluid injection speed, i.e., the fluid infusion process of the second bidirectional piston cylinder (62) is prior to first bidirectional piston cylinder (61) fluid injection
Journey is completed；
7. the second bidirectional piston cylinder (62) fluid infusion completion is standby immediately, after the completion of first bidirectional piston cylinder (61) fluid injection
Second bidirectional piston cylinder (62) fluid injection is recycled, so alternately injection guarantees stable top-up injection.
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| CN109211972A (en) * | 2018-11-16 | 2019-01-15 | 中国矿业大学 | The interface Shui Yan convection transfer rate measuring device in the sample seepage flow diabatic process of crack |
| CN109752406A (en) * | 2019-01-24 | 2019-05-14 | 中国石油大学(北京) | The measuring device of hypotonic tight rock specific heat capacity parameter |
| CN109975193A (en) * | 2019-04-23 | 2019-07-05 | 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 | The device and its percolation ratio and heat leakage rate calculation method of measurement water-bearing layer heat accumulation parameter |
| CN109991275A (en) * | 2019-04-29 | 2019-07-09 | 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 | A kind of test macro and application method for Fracture System heat exchange efficiency |
| CN110207640A (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2019-09-06 | 中国矿业大学 | A kind of wide measurement structure of Single Fracture micron order gap and its installation method, measurement method |
| CN110794117A (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2020-02-14 | 吉林大学 | Hot dry rock laboratory simulation system and method with supercritical carbon dioxide as hot working medium |
| CN111337648A (en) * | 2020-04-10 | 2020-06-26 | 安徽理工大学 | Evolution test device and method for large-size fractured rock rectangular cavity water inrush multi-field precursor information |
| CN113624764A (en) * | 2021-06-18 | 2021-11-09 | 河海大学 | Visual monitoring system for rock mass fracture multiphase flow displacement test |
| CN114534545A (en) * | 2022-02-14 | 2022-05-27 | 北京中煤矿山工程有限公司 | Stirring device and slip casting system are pressed in slip casting area of laboratory high pressure crack |
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| CN109211972B (en) * | 2018-11-16 | 2023-10-27 | 中国矿业大学 | Device for measuring water-rock interface convective heat transfer coefficient in seepage heat transfer process of fracture sample |
| CN109752406A (en) * | 2019-01-24 | 2019-05-14 | 中国石油大学(北京) | The measuring device of hypotonic tight rock specific heat capacity parameter |
| CN109870350B (en) * | 2019-03-29 | 2023-10-27 | 中国矿业大学 | Liquid leakage prevention high-temperature high-pressure hydraulic fracturing system and test method |
| CN109975193A (en) * | 2019-04-23 | 2019-07-05 | 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 | The device and its percolation ratio and heat leakage rate calculation method of measurement water-bearing layer heat accumulation parameter |
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| CN110794117B (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2021-12-21 | 吉林大学 | Hot dry rock laboratory simulation system and method with supercritical carbon dioxide as hot working medium |
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