CN109211451A - A kind of hydro powered formula ship lift system friction force measuring method - Google Patents
A kind of hydro powered formula ship lift system friction force measuring method Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
Abstract
A kind of hydro powered formula ship lift system friction force measuring method of the present invention belongs to waterway engineering monitoring field.Specifically includes the following steps: (1) installs sensor；(2) measure and calculate ship compartment uplink buoyancy and buoyancy process；(3) measure and calculate ship compartment downlink buoyancy and buoyancy process；(4) frictional force of the ship compartment at same elevation is calculated；(5) frictional force that (4) obtain is averaged；(6) hydro powered formula ship lift frictional force-ship compartment elevation location relation line is finally obtained.The beneficial effects of the present invention are: it is simple to provide a kind of completely new Method And Principle for measuring Waterpower type ship elevator system friction extremely simplely using buoyancy method, it is easy to accomplish, data are accurate and reliable；Measuring cell is few, it is only necessary in reel side placement sensor；The system friction of total travel ship lift can be obtained.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of hydro powered formula ship lift system friction force measuring method, specifically a kind of hydro powered formulas
The direct measuring method of ship lift system friction belongs to waterway engineering monitoring field.
Background technique
Ship lift is that one kind can overcome larger head difference, provide the channel for fast crossing dam for ship, is listed as with ship lock
Two kinds of main navigation structure patterns are particularly suitable for high dam navigation.The construction of the European countries such as Germany, Belgium large scale ship
Technical level is higher, and Chinese large-sized ship lift is started late, but development is swift and violent in recent years, the representative large scale ship land of a batch
It continues into, and creates multinomial the first in the world.Largest Yangtze River Gorges rack-and-pinion climbing type ship lift is in 2016 9
The moon pings boat, maximum lift weight 15500t, maximum lifting height 113m, the effective waters size 120m × 18m × 3.5m in ship compartment
(length × wide × depth of water), can pass through 3000t large ship；The maximum Wujiang Goupitan wirerope winding type liter of single-stage hoisting depth
Ship machine, maximum lifting height 127m can pass through 500t ship, currently installation and debugging；The original Jinghong hydro powered in China
Formula ship lift pings boat in August, 2016, can be by 500t ship, and ability of swimming liter under the maximum ship compartment built up of China at present
Ship machine.Above-mentioned three ship lifts are the representatives of current three kinds of broad forms of creation of vertical ship elevator.
Ship lift system friction size is always that designing unit and operation department more pay close attention to.System friction is to liter
The design of ship machine and influence on system operation are mainly reflected in following aspects: the selection of hoisting mechanism in design process, frictional force is to machine
Tool system wear, frictional force are superimposed other loads to ship lift safety effects etc., and for hydro powered formula ship lift, floating drum is big
Small and water distribution is also restricted by frictional force.
Friction measurement method has very much, and simplest friction measurement method is the introduction of junior physics textbook, uses
Spring scale pulling wooden unit does the friction measurement method of linear uniform motion.In associated friction force measuring method, cylinder friction
It is more that power measures document.Its measurement method is roughly divided into two kinds, and one is to be driven using air pressure, the both ends air inlet of real-time measurement piston
The pressure of chamber and discharge chamber calculates quiet, kinetic force of friction according to the equilibrium equation of atmospheric pressure in frictional force and piston indirectly, can
The referred to as indirect method of measurement of Pneumatic Cylinder with Friction；Secondly passing through between external drive component and cylinder to use external traction drive
Force snesor connection, acquires the output of force snesor, and quiet, the kinetic force of friction of cylinder are obtained in conjunction with the equation of motion, can be by this method
Referred to as directly survey method.
Hydro powered formula ship lift is the new-type ship lift of China's independent research, and relevant mechanical performance is needed by straight
Monitoring is connect to obtain.The major defect of the prior art is:
(1) hydro powered formula ship lift is a kind of new ship lift pattern, and frictional force mainly contains reel and reel
Frictional force between support, synchronizing shaft and bearing spider, ship compartment guide wheel and ship lift guide rail, is force of rolling friction.Frictional force
Composition project is more, and influence factor is complicated, measures without suitable method.
(2) both for winding type ship lift tensiometer is arranged on a steel cord directly to survey in traditional measurement method
Amount, technology is complicated and has large effect to ship lock normal operation.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to propose a kind of hydro powered formula ship lift system friction force measuring method, to obtain waterpower
The system friction size of drive-type ship lift.
The technical solution that the present invention reaches above-mentioned purpose is: a kind of hydro powered formula ship lift system friction measurement side
Method considers ship lift frictional force from ship lift whole system, arranges that water level sensor and shaft top arrangement swash in silo bottom
Optical displacement sensor leads to water level of drilled shaft and pontoon position data in monitoring ship lift uniform ascending and downlink or commutation process, meter
Float buoyancy variation is calculated, and then is converted to ship lift system friction.
A kind of hydro powered formula ship lift system friction force measuring method realizes that the principle of system friction measurement is:
(1) in ship compartment uniform ascending and downlink and commutation process, since obstruction of the system friction to relative motion is made
With causing float buoyancy to change；
(2) shaft surface and pontoon position, available float buoyancy variation are monitored；
(3) float buoyancy changed in temporal sequence is converted to the float buoyancy changed by ship compartment elevation, and by same
The difference of one ship compartment elevation uplink and downlink float buoyancy obtains same elevation buoyancy changing value；
(4) ship compartment uplink and downlink and the same elevation float buoyancy changing value of commutation process are 4 times of system friction, can be obtained
To the preliminary total travel system friction in ship compartment.
(5) at the uniform velocity condition is unsatisfactory in order to solve valve opening process ship compartment Accelerating running during uplink and downlink, it is contemplated that
Valve opening time is shorter, and acceleration influence is shorter to the effect of ship compartment range ability, by the calculated preliminary system of uplink and downlink
System frictional force is averaged by the every 5m of elevation, obtains the system friction at the elevation.
A kind of hydro powered formula ship lift system friction force measuring method of the present invention, comprising the following steps:
(1) sensor is installed；It is specifically included in silo bottom installation water level sensor, shaft top is installed laser displacement and passed
Sensor；The water level sensor of silo bottom is used to measure the water level of vertical shaft, and shaft top laser displacement sensor is used to measure floating
The distance between laser displacement sensor position is arrived at cylinder top；
(2) measure and calculate ship compartment uplink buoyancy and buoyancy process；Ship compartment starts uplink, and water level sensor is with 1Hz-
100Hz frequency collection shaft surface elevation obtains acquisition Well Water Level time changing curve；Laser displacement sensor is with 1Hz-
The distance that laser displacement sensor is arrived at the top of 100Hz frequency collection floating drum, obtains floating drum to laser displacement sensor distance verses time
Change curve；
Floating drum crest level subtracts shaft surface elevation and obtains floating drum freeboard, and the total height of floating drum is subtracted floating drum freeboard can
To obtain floating drum underwater penetration, float buoyancy can be calculated accordingly；
Fu=ρ (h1-(h2u-h3u)·s)·g+Fv (a)
Wherein FuIt is buoyancy suffered by floating drum, h when the uplink of ship compartment1For floating drum cylindrical section height, h2For floating drum during the uplink of ship compartment
Elevation, h3For shaft surface elevation during the uplink of ship compartment, s is floating drum cylindrical section sectional area, and g is acceleration of gravity, and ρ is that water body is close
Degree；Floating drum FvFor the non-cylindrical section buoyancy of floating drum, and this section is constantly under water.By uplink buoyancy FuIt is set up with ship compartment operating position
Vertical relationship, forms uplink buoyancy FuWith ship compartment upward position change curve；
(3) measure and calculate ship compartment downlink buoyancy and buoyancy process；Ship compartment starts downlink, and water level sensor is with 1Hz-
100Hz frequency collection shaft surface elevation obtains acquisition Well Water Level time changing curve；Laser displacement sensor is with 1Hz-
The distance that laser displacement sensor is arrived at the top of 100Hz frequency collection floating drum, obtains floating drum to laser displacement sensor distance verses time
Change curve；
Floating drum crest level subtracts shaft surface elevation and obtains floating drum freeboard, and the total height of floating drum is subtracted floating drum freeboard can
To obtain floating drum underwater penetration, float buoyancy can be calculated accordingly；
Fd=ρ (h1-(h2d-h3d)·s)·g+Fv (b)
Wherein FdFor float buoyancy, h during the downlink of ship compartment1For floating drum cylindrical section height, h2dFor floating drum during the downlink of ship compartment
Elevation, h3dFor shaft surface elevation during the downlink of ship compartment, s is floating drum cylindrical section sectional area floating drum, and g is acceleration of gravity；Thus
Obtain float buoyancy F when the downlink of ship compartmentd；ρ is water body density, FvFor the non-cylindrical section buoyancy of floating drum, and this section is constantly in water
Under.
By downlink buoyancy FdWith the running position opening relationships of ship compartment, downlink buoyancy F is formeddWith ship compartment change in location curve；
(4) frictional force of the ship compartment at same elevation is calculated are as follows:
Wherein T is ship compartment side lineoutofservice signal pull, and M is floating drum quality, and g is acceleration of gravity, FdTo be floated during the downlink of ship compartment
Float buoyancy, FuIt is buoyancy floating drum suffered by floating drum when the uplink of ship compartment, f is system friction；
(5) preliminary frictional force is averaged by every 5m elevation to eliminate the influence of valve opening process acceleration, then
System friction at certain elevation during to uplink and downlink；
(6) since pontoon position is constant in commutation process, only water level of drilled shaft changes, and the realization of ship lift system friction is
Stiction, therefore it is not necessarily to consider that acceleration influences.
The invention has the following advantages that
(1) Waterpower type ship elevator system is measured extremely simplely the present invention provides a kind of completely new utilization buoyancy method to rub
The method for wiping power；
(2) measuring cell is few, it is only necessary in reel side placement sensor；
(3) system friction that total travel ship lift can be obtained rubs to hydro powered formula ship elevator whole process system
Wiping power has deep understanding, and plays the role of theoretical direction to ship lift design and the method for operation.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 the method for the present invention hydro powered formula ship lift schematic illustration；
Fig. 2 the method for the present invention hydro powered formula ship lift water level of drilled shaft-time course line；
Fig. 3 the method for the present invention hydro powered formula ship lift floating drum elevation-time course line；
Fig. 4 the method for the present invention hydro powered formula ship lift ship compartment elevation-time course line；
Fig. 5 the method for the present invention hydro powered formula ship lift float buoyancy-ship compartment elevation relation line；
Fig. 6 the method for the present invention hydro powered formula ship lift system friction-ship compartment elevation relation line.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment is provided with reference to the accompanying drawing and the present invention is specifically described.
Embodiment one
Attached drawing 1 is hydro powered formula ship lift schematic diagram, and attached drawing 2 is hydro powered formula ship lift downlink stress diagram,
Attached drawing 3 is hydro powered formula ship lift uplink stress diagram.1 is reel, and 2 vertical shafts, 3 be floating drum, and 4 be ship compartment, 5 vertical shaft water
Face, 6 be wirerope, and 7 be movable pulley, 13 water level sensors, 14 laser displacement sensors.
Hydro powered formula ship lift downlink process is to 2 water-filling of vertical shaft, and water level of drilled shaft 5 rises driving floating drum 3 and rises, ship compartment
4 and floating drum 3 by wirerope 6 around reel 1 connect, floating drum 3 rise, driving ship compartment 4 decline, which is ship lift downlink
Process, uplink process is in contrast.
A kind of hydro powered formula ship lift system friction force measuring method of the present invention, steps are as follows
(1) sensor is installed；Water level sensor 13 is arranged in 2 bottom of vertical shaft, and laser displacement sensor is installed at the top of vertical shaft 2
14, see that attached drawing 1, the water level sensor 13 of 2 bottom of vertical shaft are used to measure the water level of vertical shaft 2,2 top lasers displacement sensor of vertical shaft
14 arrive the distance between 14 position of laser displacement sensor for measuring at the top of floating drum 3；
(2) measure and calculate 4 uplink buoyancy of ship compartment and buoyancy process；Ship compartment 4 starts uplink, and water level sensor 13 is with 1Hz-
2 water level elevation of 100Hz frequency collection vertical shaft obtains acquisition Well Water Level time changing curve；Laser displacement sensor 14 is with 1Hz-
At the top of 100Hz frequency collection floating drum 3 arrive laser displacement sensor 14 distance, obtain floating drum 3 to laser displacement sensor 14 away from
From-time changing curve；
3 crest level of floating drum subtracts 2 water level elevation of vertical shaft and obtains 3 freeboard of floating drum, and the total height of floating drum 3 is subtracted floating drum 3 and is discharged
Highly available 3 underwater penetration of floating drum, can calculate float buoyancy accordingly；
Fu=ρ (h1-(h2u-h3u)·s)·g+Fv (a)
Wherein FuIt is buoyancy suffered by floating drum, h when the uplink of ship compartment1For floating drum cylindrical section height, h2uTo be floated during the uplink of ship compartment
Cylinder elevation, h3uFor shaft surface elevation during the uplink of ship compartment, s is floating drum cylindrical section sectional area, and g is acceleration of gravity, and ρ is water body
Density；FvFor the non-cylindrical section buoyancy of floating drum, and this section is constantly under water.
(3) measure and calculate 4 downlink buoyancy of ship compartment and buoyancy process；Ship compartment 4 starts downlink, and water level sensor is with 1Hz-
2 water level elevation of 100Hz frequency collection vertical shaft, obtains water level of drilled shaft time changing curve such as Fig. 4；Laser displacement sensor 14 with
The distance that laser displacement sensor 14 is arrived at the top of 1Hz-100Hz frequency collection floating drum 3 obtains floating drum 3 to laser displacement sensor
14 distance verses time change curves；
3 crest level of floating drum subtracts 2 water level elevation of vertical shaft and obtains 3 freeboard of floating drum, and the total height of floating drum 3 is subtracted floating drum 3 and is discharged
Highly available 3 underwater penetration of floating drum, can calculate float buoyancy accordingly；
Fd=ρ (h1-(h2d-h3d)·s)·g+Fv (b)
Wherein FdFor float buoyancy, h during the downlink of ship compartment1For balance weight cylindrical section height, h2dTo be floated during the downlink of ship compartment
Cylinder elevation, h3dFor shaft surface elevation during the downlink of ship compartment, s is floating drum cylindrical section sectional area, and g is acceleration of gravity；Thus
Float buoyancy F when to ship compartment downlinkd；ρ is water body density, FvFor the non-cylindrical section buoyancy of floating drum, and this section is constantly under water.
(4) frictional force of the ship compartment at same elevation is calculated are as follows:
Wherein T is ship compartment side lineoutofservice signal pull, and M is floating drum quality, and g is acceleration of gravity, FdTo be floated during the downlink of ship compartment
Float buoyancy, FuIt is buoyancy suffered by floating drum when the uplink of ship compartment, f is system friction；
(5) preliminary frictional force is averaged by every 5m elevation to eliminate the influence of valve opening process acceleration, then
System friction at certain elevation during to uplink and downlink；
(6) since pontoon position is constant in commutation process, only 2 SEA LEVEL VARIATION of vertical shaft, ship lift system friction are cashed
For stiction, therefore it is without considering that acceleration influences.
Embodiment two
By taking certain hydro powered formula ship lift as an example, the high 16.8m of ship lift floating drum, the annular gap face between vertical shaft and floating drum
Product is 30.19m, and floating drum bottom pyramidal body volume is 18m3, totally 16 floating drums, hydro powered formula ship lift system friction measure
Steps are as follows:
(1) sensor is installed；It is specifically included in silo bottom installation water level sensor, shaft top is installed laser displacement and passed
Sensor；The water level sensor of silo bottom is used to measure the water level of vertical shaft, and shaft top laser displacement sensor is used to measure floating
The distance between laser displacement sensor position is arrived at cylinder top；
(2) measure and calculate ship compartment uplink buoyancy and buoyancy process；Ship compartment starts uplink, and water level sensor is with 100Hz frequency
Rate acquires shaft surface elevation, obtains acquisition Well Water Level time changing curve, sees attached drawing 4；Laser displacement sensor is with 100Hz frequency
Rate acquires the distance that laser displacement sensor is arrived at the top of floating drum, obtains floating drum elevation-time changing curve, sees Fig. 3, meanwhile, by
Floating drum is connect with ship compartment in wirerope, according to rope capacity, floating drum elevation-time changing curve can be converted into ship compartment
Elevation-time changing curve, is shown in Fig. 4；
Floating drum crest level subtracts shaft surface elevation and obtains floating drum freeboard, and the total height of floating drum is subtracted floating drum freeboard can
To obtain floating drum underwater penetration, float buoyancy can be calculated accordingly；
Fu=ρ (h1-(h2u-h3u)·s)·g+Fv (a)
Wherein FuIt is buoyancy suffered by floating drum, h when the uplink of ship compartment1For floating drum cylindrical section height, h2uTo be floated during the uplink of ship compartment
Cylinder elevation, h3uFor shaft surface elevation during the uplink of ship compartment, s is floating drum cylindrical section sectional area, and g is acceleration of gravity, and ρ is water body
Density；FvFor the non-cylindrical section buoyancy of floating drum, and this section is constantly under water；By uplink buoyancy FuIt is established with ship compartment running position
Relationship forms uplink buoyancy FuWith ship compartment elevation change curve, Fig. 5 is seen；
(3) measure and calculate ship compartment downlink buoyancy and buoyancy process；Ship compartment starts downlink, and water level sensor is with 100Hz frequency
Rate acquires shaft surface elevation, obtains acquisition Well Water Level time changing curve；Laser displacement sensor is floating with 100Hz frequency collection
The distance of laser displacement sensor is arrived at cylinder top, obtains floating drum to laser displacement sensor distance verses time change curve；
Floating drum crest level subtracts shaft surface elevation and obtains floating drum freeboard, and the total height of floating drum is subtracted floating drum freeboard can
To obtain floating drum underwater penetration, float buoyancy can be calculated accordingly；
Fd=ρ (h1-(h2d-h3d)·s)·g+Fv (b)
Wherein FdFor float buoyancy, h during the downlink of ship compartment1For balance weight cylindrical section height, h2dTo be floated during the downlink of ship compartment
Cylinder elevation, h3dFor shaft surface elevation during the downlink of ship compartment, s is floating drum cylindrical section sectional area, and g is acceleration of gravity；Thus
Float buoyancy F when to ship compartment downlinkd；ρ is water body density, FvFor the non-cylindrical section buoyancy of floating drum, and this section is constantly under water；
By downlink buoyancy FdWith the running position opening relationships of ship compartment, downlink buoyancy F is formeddWith ship compartment elevation change curve, Fig. 5 is seen；
(4) frictional force of the ship compartment at same elevation is calculated are as follows:
Wherein T is ship compartment side lineoutofservice signal pull, and M is floating drum quality, and g is acceleration of gravity, FdTo be floated during the downlink of ship compartment
Float buoyancy, FuIt is buoyancy suffered by floating drum when the uplink of ship compartment, f is system friction；
(5) preliminary frictional force is averaged by every 5m elevation to eliminate the influence of valve opening process acceleration, then
System friction at certain elevation, is shown in Fig. 6 during to uplink and downlink；
(6) since pontoon position is constant in commutation process, only water level of drilled shaft changes, and the realization of ship lift system friction is
Stiction, therefore it is without considering that acceleration influences, entire hydro powered formula ship lift frictional force-ship compartment elevation location relation line
See Fig. 6.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of hydro powered formula ship lift system friction force measuring method, it is characterised in that: the following steps are included:
(1) sensor is installed；It is specifically included in silo bottom installation water level sensor, shaft top installs laser displacement sensing
Device；
(2) measure and calculate ship compartment uplink buoyancy and buoyancy process；By uplink buoyancy FuWith the running position opening relationships of ship compartment, shape
At uplink buoyancy FuWith ship compartment upward position change curve；
(3) measure and calculate ship compartment downlink buoyancy and buoyancy process；By downlink buoyancy FdWith the running position opening relationships of ship compartment, shape
At downlink buoyancy FdWith ship compartment change in location curve；
(4) frictional force of the ship compartment at same elevation is calculated are as follows:
Wherein T is ship compartment side lineoutofservice signal pull, and M is floating drum quality, and g is acceleration of gravity, FdIt is floating for floating drum during the downlink of ship compartment
Power, FuIt is buoyancy floating drum suffered by floating drum when the uplink of ship compartment, f is system friction；
(5) frictional force that (4) obtain is averaged by every 5m elevation to eliminate the influence of valve opening process acceleration, then
System friction at certain elevation during to uplink and downlink；
(6) since pontoon position is constant in commutation process, only water level of drilled shaft changes, and it is quiet rub that ship lift system friction, which is cashed,
Power is wiped, therefore it obtains hydro powered formula ship lift frictional force-ship compartment elevation location relation line without considering that acceleration influences.
2. a kind of hydro powered formula ship lift system friction force measuring method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: institute
(2) measurement stated and calculating ship compartment uplink buoyancy and buoyancy process；Method are as follows: ship compartment starts uplink, and water level sensor is with 1Hz-
100Hz frequency collection shaft surface elevation obtains acquisition Well Water Level time changing curve；Laser displacement sensor is with 1Hz-
The distance that laser displacement sensor is arrived at the top of 100Hz frequency collection floating drum, obtains floating drum to laser displacement sensor distance verses time
Change curve；Floating drum crest level subtracts shaft surface elevation and obtains floating drum freeboard, and the total height of floating drum is subtracted floating drum freeboard
Available floating drum underwater penetration, can calculate float buoyancy accordingly；
Fu=ρ (h1-(h2u-h3u)·s)·g+Fv (a)
Wherein FuIt is buoyancy suffered by floating drum, h when the uplink of ship compartment1For floating drum cylindrical section height, h2It is high for floating drum during the uplink of ship compartment
Journey, h3For shaft surface elevation during the uplink of ship compartment, s is floating drum cylindrical section sectional area, and g is acceleration of gravity, and ρ is that water body is close
Degree；Floating drum FvFor the non-cylindrical section buoyancy of floating drum, and this section is constantly under water.
3. a kind of hydro powered formula ship lift system friction force measuring method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: institute
(3) measurement stated and calculating ship compartment downlink buoyancy and buoyancy process approach are as follows: ship compartment starts downlink, and water level sensor is with 1Hz-
100Hz frequency collection shaft surface elevation obtains acquisition Well Water Level time changing curve；Laser displacement sensor is with 1Hz-
The distance that laser displacement sensor is arrived at the top of 100Hz frequency collection floating drum, obtains floating drum to laser displacement sensor distance verses time
Change curve；Floating drum crest level subtracts shaft surface elevation and obtains floating drum freeboard, and the total height of floating drum is subtracted floating drum freeboard
Available floating drum underwater penetration, can calculate float buoyancy accordingly；
Fd=ρ (h1-(h2d-h3d)·s)·g+Fv (b)
Wherein FdFor float buoyancy, h during the downlink of ship compartment1For floating drum cylindrical section height, h2dFor floating drum elevation during the downlink of ship compartment,
h3dFor shaft surface elevation during the downlink of ship compartment, s is floating drum cylindrical section sectional area floating drum, and g is acceleration of gravity；Thus ship is obtained
Float buoyancy F when the downlink of compartmentd；ρ is water body density, FvFor the non-cylindrical section buoyancy of floating drum, and this section is constantly under water.
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