CN109210528A - 一种解耦燃烧装置及燃烧方法 - Google Patents
一种解耦燃烧装置及燃烧方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN109210528A CN109210528A CN201710512563.2A CN201710512563A CN109210528A CN 109210528 A CN109210528 A CN 109210528A CN 201710512563 A CN201710512563 A CN 201710512563A CN 109210528 A CN109210528 A CN 109210528A
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- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000009841 combustion method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 206010022000 Influenza Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000004449 solid propellant Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon monoxide Chemical compound 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- 230000036632 reaction speed Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound 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[S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
- F23B90/00—Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus
- F23B90/04—Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus including secondary combustion
- F23B90/06—Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus including secondary combustion the primary combustion being a gasification or pyrolysis in a reductive atmosphere
Abstract
本发明提供了一种解耦燃烧装置及燃烧方法，所述解耦燃烧装置包括前墙、中隔墙、后火墙、引风装置和第二炉排；中隔墙位于前墙和后火墙之间；前墙上从上到下依次设置有加料口、第一通风口和第二通风口；引风装置与第一通风口连通；第二炉排设置在前墙和中隔墙之间空间的下部，高度位于第一通风口和第二通风口之间；中隔墙下部和第二炉排之间形成火口；热解气化区为前墙和中隔墙之间空间的上部空间；半焦区为热解气化区下部、第二炉排的上方的空间。所述解耦燃烧装置可增加解耦燃烧半焦区范围，并使得半焦区和热解气化区通风更易均衡控制，增强对燃料性状和燃烧装置容量的适应性，优化控制热解气化区与半焦区的反应速度。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于煤燃烧技术领域，涉及一种解耦燃烧装置及燃烧方法。
背景技术
解耦燃烧装置中，热解气化煤气要经过高温高氧的半焦区燃尽，同时燃烧过程中产生的部分NOx可在半焦区还原为N2。半焦区的结构尺寸和通风控制对中小型燃煤解耦燃烧装置的性能有很大影响。半焦区太小或通风控制不当，则不利于NOx的还原控制和烟黑等可燃物的燃尽。现有中小型燃煤解耦燃烧装置的半焦区结构设计，主要依靠确定热解气化室的炉排倾角和火口高度，来控制半焦区的结构尺寸和通风分配，因而火口部位的半焦区通风阻力最小，通风强度最大。气流流程长度影响流动阻力，在此阻力决定的配风下，半焦燃烧主要集中在中隔墙底部到炉排前后端的三角形区域。热解气化煤气主要在该三角形半焦区的顶点区通过，在半焦区的停留时间过小。
增大火口高度虽然可适当增大半焦区范围，但不仅使得半焦区的通风量不足，且由于氧气在下部消耗较多，使得上部热解气化煤气缺氧燃烧，可燃物无法燃尽，产生黑烟等污染物。
增大上部加煤口的通风量可增大半焦区的范围，但会减少热解气化区的范围，弱化挥发分析出阶段的还原反应，不利于降低NOx的排放。
另外，该半焦区燃烧强度过大会使得半焦区内温度过高，降低炉内脱硫效率。
CN 103471089 A公开了一种燃煤解耦燃烧装置及燃烧方法，包括炉体和位于炉体下方的风室，所述的炉体包括：上隔墙、位于上隔墙下方分设于内外两侧的第一下隔墙和第二下隔墙，其中，内侧的第一下隔墙的顶端和炉体侧壁间架设第一炉排，第一下隔墙与第二下隔墙底部之间设置有第二炉排；所述第一炉排的上方与上隔墙之间构成气化热解区和半焦区，所述半焦区位于气化热解区下方；所述的第一下隔墙与第二下隔墙构成焦炭区。但是，其半焦区范围仍然较小，还有待于进一步提高，并且其半焦区和热解气化区的通风不能均衡控制。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的不足，本发明的目的在于提供一种解耦燃烧装置及燃煤方法，所述解耦燃烧装置可增加解耦燃烧半焦区范围，并使得半焦区和热解气化区通风更易均衡控制，优化控制热解气化区与半焦区的反应速度，增强对燃料性状和燃烧装置容量的适应性。
为达此目的，本发明采用以下技术方案：
本发明的目的之一在于提供一种解耦燃烧装置，所述解耦燃烧装置包括前墙、中隔墙、后火墙、引风装置和第二炉排；
所述中隔墙位于前墙和后火墙之间；
所述前墙上从上到下依次设置有加料口、第一通风口和第二通风口；
所述引风装置与第一通风口连通，用于将气体(一般是空气，也可为含氧的其它气体)引入前墙与中隔墙之间的空间，尤其是引入热解气化或其过渡区；
所述第二炉排设置在前墙和中隔墙之间空间的下部，高度位于第一通风口和第二通风口之间；
中隔墙下部和第二炉排之间形成火口；
所述热解气化区为前墙和中隔墙之间空间的上部空间；所述半焦区为热解气化区下部、第二炉排的上方的空间。
所述解耦燃烧装置通过其特定的结构及引风装置的设置可增加解耦燃烧半焦区范围，并使得半焦区和热解气化区通风更易均衡控制，优化控制热解气化区与半焦区的反应速度，增强对燃料性状和燃烧装置容量的适应性。
所述后墙的设置位置可根据实际需要进行调节，后墙的作用有两个：一是防止燃料和半焦从火口处漏出，二是将烟气导到排气口。
所述引风装置包括第一炉排。或者，
所述引风装置包括导气管，所述导气管的管壁上设置有孔。
所述引风装置只要能够将气体引入中隔墙和前墙之间的空间即可，其设置形式不局限于第一炉排和导气管。
所述引风装置活动设置，以方便调整半焦区和热解气化区的通风量。
所述引风装置的倾角与水平方向的夹角为0-70°，如2°、3°、4°、5°、6°、10°、20°、30°、50°、60°或65°等。在此夹角范围内，热解气化区和半焦区中的通风量控制得更加均衡。
所述引风装置与倾角调节装置连接，所述倾角调节装置的形式不固定，可根据实际情况进行选择，只要能够达到调节引风装置与水平面的夹角的目的即可。
本发明的目的之二在于提供一种燃烧方法，所述燃烧方法包括：
固体燃料由加料口加入所述解耦燃烧装置中，与第一通风口和第二通风口进入的空气发生燃烧反应，其中，固体燃料的上部通风量少于下部，固体燃料在所述解耦燃烧装置中依次经过热解气化区和半焦区，燃烧产生的废渣经第二炉排落下排出，燃烧产生的烟气经火口排出。
所述燃烧方法可调节半焦区的配风及对热解气化区的影响，从而也可优化控制热解气化区与半焦区的反应速度，增加对燃料(如煤种)的适应性。
所述第一通风口与第二通风口的进风量之比为0.2-0.5，如0.25、0.30、0.35、0.40或0.45等。此时，固体燃料能够更好地燃烧，并且可降低半焦区的平均燃烧强度和温度峰值。
本发明所述的数值范围不仅包括上述例举的点值，还包括没有例举出的上述数值范围之间的任意的点值，限于篇幅及出于简明的考虑，本发明不再穷尽列举所述范围包括的具体点值。
本发明所述的“第一”及“第二”是为了区分各个部件。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果为：
本发明提供的解耦燃烧装置由于引风装置的作用，第一通风口进入的空气可达到远高于第二炉排的高度，特别是增加了前墙燃料的通风能力，从而改变气流流程，扩大了燃烧空间和半焦区的范围；增大了反应区域，有利于提高燃烧装置存煤空间的利用率；增大了半焦区，不仅使得热解气化煤气通过半焦区的时间增加，也可降低半焦区的平均燃烧强度和温度峰值，从而使该区域的燃烧温度峰值降低100℃左右，有利于降低NOx的排放和提高炉内脱硫效率；
本发明提供的解耦燃烧装置由于第一通风口距离上部的加料口有一定距离，因而可以保障热解气化区有较大的范围，不影响挥发分析出阶段的还原反应；
本发明提供的解耦燃烧装置通过改变引风装置的倾角，可改变热解气化区与半焦区的形状、范围及第一通风口到火口的通风阻力，提高流场控制和均衡通风的能力，增强对燃料性状和燃烧负荷的适应性(适应性增强主要表现在：当燃料的挥发分含量不同或者有效热负荷变化较大时，我们不需要重新设计新的炉型，只需要调节第一通风口的位置或第一炉排的角度就可以满足要求)；
本发明提供的解耦燃烧装置通过控制第二通风口和第一通风口的进风比例，可调节半焦区的配风及对热解气化区的影响，从而也可优化控制热解气化区与半焦区的反应速度，增加对煤种的适应性(通过调节不同通风口的进风阻力，可以调节不同路径的阻力，从而改变了配风的比例，配风比例改变影响了热解气化区与半焦区的燃烧气氛和燃烧速度，不同煤种在不同的燃烧阶段需求的配风不同，配风调节能力的提高可增加对煤种的适应性)。
附图说明
图1为实施例1提供的解耦燃烧装置的正视结构示意图。
其中：1，前墙；2，中隔墙；3，后火墙；4，加料口；5，第一炉排；6，第一通风口；7，第二炉排；8，第二通风口；9，火口；10，热解气化区；11，半焦区；图中箭头的方向表示气体流动的方向。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图并通过具体实施方式来进一步说明本发明的技术方案。
实施例1
一种解耦燃烧装置，其正视图如图1所示，所述解耦燃烧装置包括前墙1、中隔墙2、后火墙3、正面墙(用于连接前墙侧面、中隔墙侧面和后火墙侧面)、背面墙(用于连接前墙另一侧面、中隔墙另一侧面和后火墙另一侧面)、引风装置和第二炉排7；
所述中隔墙2位于前墙1和后火墙3之间，正面墙用于连接前墙1侧面、中隔墙2侧面和后火墙3侧面，背面墙用于连接前墙1另一侧面、中隔墙2另一侧面和后火墙3另一侧面，且正面墙与背面墙连接的前墙1、中隔墙2和后火墙3的侧面相对，前墙1、中隔墙2、后火墙3、正面墙和背面墙形成解耦燃烧炉体，前墙1与后火墙3之间的空间用于放置燃料；
所述前墙1上从上到下依次设置有加料口4、第一通风口6和第二通风口8；
所述引风装置与第一通风口6连通，用于将气体引入前墙1与中隔墙2之间的空间；
所述第二炉排7设置在前墙1和中隔墙2之间空间的下部，高度位于第一通风口6和第二通风口8之间；
中隔墙2下部和第二炉排7之间形成火口9；
所述热解气化区10为前墙1和中隔墙2之间空间的上部空间；所述半焦区11为热解气化区10下部、第二炉排7的上方的空间；
所述引风装置包括第一炉排5；所述引风装置与倾角调节装置连接，活动设置，所述引风装置的倾角与水平方向的夹角为0-70°，如2°、3°、4°、5°、6°、10°、20°、30°、50°、60°或65°等；
所述引风装置还可替换为管壁上设置有孔的导气管，以控制气体的流向。
所述后火墙上部与中隔墙之间还可设置烟囱，所述烟囱与火口连通，用于将燃烧产生的气体排出或用于换热。
利用所述解耦燃烧装置的燃烧方法具体流程如下：
固体燃料由加料口4加入所述解耦燃烧装置中，与第一通风口6和第二通风口8进入的空气发生燃烧反应，其中，固体燃料的上部通风量少于下部，固体燃料在所述解耦燃烧装置中依次经过热解气化区10和半焦区11，燃烧产生的废渣经第二炉排7落下排出，燃烧产生的烟气经火口9排出。
其中，所述第一通风口6与第二通风口8的进风量之比为0.2-0.5，如0.25、0.30、0.35、0.40或0.45等。
对比例1
一种解耦燃烧装置，除不设置第一炉排5和第一通风口6外，其余与实施例1所述的解耦燃烧装置相同。
实施例2
利用实施例1和对比例1提供的解耦燃烧装置进行燃煤的燃烧，当进料量相同，通入空气的量相同时，实施例1所述的解耦燃烧装置相对于对比例1所述的解耦燃烧装置具有如下优点：
使得热解气化煤气通过半焦区的时间增加，降低了半焦区的平均燃烧强度，从而使该区域的燃烧温度峰值降低100℃左右，有利于增强固硫剂的固硫效果；可改变引风装置的倾角，从而能够改变热解气化区与半焦区的形状、范围及第一通风口到火口的通风阻力，所以其能够提高流场控制和均衡通风的能力，增强对燃料性状和燃烧负荷的适应性(适应性增强主要表现在：当燃料的挥发分含量不同或者有效热负荷变化较大时，我们不需要重新设计新的炉型，只需要调节第一通风口的位置或第一炉排的角度就可以满足要求)；另外，其通过控制第二通风口和第一通风口的进风比例，可调节半焦区的配风及对热解气化区的影响，从而也可优化控制热解气化区与半焦区的反应速度，增加对煤种的适应性(优化反应速度的实质是使热解气化区燃料的热解气化速度与半焦区半焦的燃烧速度相匹配，使得上述过程中产生的NOx在离开火口前能够尽可能地被还原成氮气，同时可燃性物质能够在火口处尽可能地燃尽，从而降低污染物排放，不冒黑烟，提高炉具热效率；增加对煤种的适应性的含义与上述增强对燃料形状的适应性类似：不同煤种的挥发分和固定碳的含量不同，因此为了达到最优的减排增效效果，就应相应控制热解气化区与半焦区反应速度而使之相互匹配，而这通过控制第二通风口和第一通风口的进风比例就可实现)。
申请人声明，以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，所属技术领域的技术人员应该明了，任何属于本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到的变化或替换，均落在本发明的保护范围和公开范围之内。
Claims (8)
1.一种解耦燃烧装置，其特征在于，所述解耦燃烧装置包括前墙、中隔墙、后火墙、引风装置和第二炉排；
所述中隔墙位于前墙和后火墙之间；
所述前墙上从上到下依次设置有加料口、第一通风口和第二通风口；
所述引风装置与第一通风口连通，用于将气体引入前墙与中隔墙之间的空间；
所述第二炉排设置在前墙和中隔墙之间空间的下部，高度位于第一通风口和第二通风口之间；
中隔墙下部和第二炉排之间形成火口；
所述热解气化区为前墙和中隔墙之间空间的上部空间；所述半焦区为热解气化区下部、第二炉排的上方的空间。
2.根据权利要求1所述的解耦燃烧装置，其特征在于，所述引风装置包括第一炉排。
3.根据权利要求1所述的解耦燃烧装置，其特征在于，所述引风装置包括导气管，所述导气管的管壁上设置有孔。
4.根据权利要求1-3之一所述的解耦燃烧装置，其特征在于，所述引风装置活动设置。
5.根据权利要求1-4之一所述的解耦燃烧装置，其特征在于，所述引风装置的倾角与水平方向的夹角为0-70°。
6.根据权利要求1-5之一所述的解耦燃烧装置，其特征在于，所述引风装置与倾角调节装置连接。
7.利用权利要求1-6之一所述的解耦燃烧装置的燃烧方法，其特征在于，所述燃烧方法包括：
固体燃料由加料口加入所述解耦燃烧装置中，与第一通风口和第二通风口进入的空气发生燃烧反应，其中，固体燃料的上部通风量少于下部，固体燃料在所述解耦燃烧装置中依次经过热解气化区和半焦区，燃烧产生的废渣经第二炉排落下排出，燃烧产生的烟气经火口排出。
8.根据权利要求7所述的燃烧方法，其特征在于，所述第一通风口与第二通风口的进风量之比为0.2-0.5。
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