CN109206884A - 高透明透气保鲜膜袋及其制备方法 - Google Patents

高透明透气保鲜膜袋及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN109206884A
CN109206884A CN201811046644.9A CN201811046644A CN109206884A CN 109206884 A CN109206884 A CN 109206884A CN 201811046644 A CN201811046644 A CN 201811046644A CN 109206884 A CN109206884 A CN 109206884A
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preservative film
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polyvinyl alcohol
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chitosan
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周亚君
黄振雄
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Packaging Products Co Ltd Zhongshan Connaught Connaught
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Abstract

本发明公开了高透明透气保鲜膜袋及其制备方法,属于包装薄膜领域。该保鲜膜袋由下列重量份的原料组分组成:聚乙烯醇2~5份、半纤维素1~2份、硼酸0.1~0.3份、甲基丙二醇0.1~0.3份、壳聚糖1~2份、聚乙二醇3~5份、柠檬酸三丁酯0.2~1份、硅烷偶联剂1~2份、微晶纤维素1~2份、95%乙醇22~80份、水90~360份。本发明通过上述各组分制备得到的保鲜膜袋不仅具有良好的生物降解性,而且还具有优异的综合力学性能,对人体安全且成本低廉,能够广泛用于果蔬包装袋及食品包装中,具有较好的经济性。

Description

高透明透气保鲜膜袋及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及保鲜材料领域,具体地说,是关于食品保鲜领域的包装材料,尤其是高透明透气保鲜膜袋及其制备方法。
背景技术
保鲜膜、保鲜袋是人们常用的一类保鲜食品的塑料包装制品,现在家庭都离不开它们,人们似乎觉得用了它食品就安全、可靠了,但是,有的时候保鲜膜、保鲜袋本身就很难让人放心,例如聚氯乙烯,简称PVC,这种材料也可以用于食品包装,但它对人体的安全性有一定的影响,PVC保鲜膜含有致癌物质,对人体危害较大;聚丙烯保鲜膜和聚乙烯保鲜膜虽然无毒,但是由单一材料制成的,而且透气性能差、食品保鲜时间短,在食品贮藏期内要定期将袋子打开透气,这样势必会增加麻烦,而且食品的质量得不到保证,容易腐烂、变质。
目前保鲜膜功能较为单一,大部分保鲜膜不具有透气功能,且无法做到气调,贮藏时容易在保鲜膜内结露、滋生微生物。同时,市场上大部分保鲜膜以乙烯母料为原材料,废弃后无法降解,污染环境,破坏生态平衡。因此如何克服现有技术的不足是目前保鲜膜技术领域亟需解决的问题。
专利申请号:201710084934.1中公开了一种果蔬保鲜膜的制备方法,其功能填料的制备、壳聚糖胶体溶液的制备、壳聚糖/功能填料共接枝甲基丙烯酸异丁酯的制备、果蔬保鲜膜的制备等步骤。此发明的保鲜膜中添加的活性炭、凝灰石、六环石都为多孔结构,加入到保鲜膜中,使膜产生微孔,具有良好的透气性和吸附性,膜内产生的气体和热量可以从这些微孔中排出。
专利号:CN201610499748.X中公开了一种活性果蔬保鲜膜,以及它的制备方法。所述保鲜膜由如下重量份的原料组成:聚3-羟基丁酸酯和聚羟基戊酸酯共聚物50份,山梨糖醇酐硬脂酸酯0.5-1.5份,硬脂酸单甘油酯1-3份,沸石2-5份,方英石0.5-2份,天然活性陶土1-3份,二月桂酸二丁基锡0.25-0.5份,茶多酚0.5-1份,炭黑1-2份,甘油3-5份。本发明提供的保鲜膜透气性、耐温性好,能有效延长保鲜时间,提高保鲜质量。
专利号:CN201510436346.0中公开了一种以聚乙烯醇为载体的中药果蔬保鲜膜,包括以下步骤:(1)取聚乙烯醇,加乙醇浸泡;(2)一边搅拌一边加蒸馏水;然后在沸水浴下,搅拌使之溶化成胶液,再补足水分;(3)将灵芝孢子粉过七号筛后置于研钵中,加甘油,继续研匀,将聚乙烯醇胶液在50-60℃时加入,研匀,供涂膜用;(4)用吸管吸取上述药液,注于玻璃板上,摊匀,水平晾至半干,于烘箱60-70℃烘干;揭下药膜。本发明得到的中药保鲜膜均匀、美观又透气,厚度仅0.1-0.2 mm,用其包裹水果后可将水果常温保存时间延长至7天以上,简单方便,无化学试剂或其他药液与果实表面直接接触,且可以重复利用。
申请号:CN201510110730.1中公开了一种PE类经济型透气不透水吸氧抑菌的果蔬保鲜膜,按照质量百分比的原料包括LDPE 10-30%、LLDPE 20-45%、纳米级沸石粉10-30%、麦饭石微粉8-22%、A+B抑菌剂0.3-0.8%、钛白粉1-3%、食品添加剂1-3%、铝酸酯偶联剂0.2-0.7%、抗氧剂1076 0.25-0.75%、UV531 0.25-0.75%和还原铁粉2-5%。本发明具有良好的透气性、不透水性、防雾性和抑菌性;本发明适用于果蔬的保鲜,在保证果蔬的鲜活的同时,既保证了食品安全,又减少了果蔬霉变造成的浪费,尤其本发明的制作成本低,因此,其具有十分广阔的应用前景。
申请号:CN201711470239.5中公开了一种具有CO2/O2高渗透比的塑料保鲜膜及制备方法。包括如下制备过程:(1)先将聚乙烯醇加入乙醇中制得聚乙烯醇胶体,再将碳酸丙烯酯加入聚乙烯醇胶体中,搅拌制得混合胶体,混合胶体原料组份为:聚乙烯醇20~30%、去离子水40~60%、碳酸丙烯酯20~30%;(2)将制得的混合胶体均匀地涂覆于聚乙烯薄膜表面,得到胶体/聚乙烯复合薄膜;(3)将制得的复合薄膜与微孔结构的聚乙烯薄膜重叠、挤压,制得双层复合保鲜膜。本发明制备的塑料保鲜膜与传统保鲜膜相比,二氧化碳/氧气在薄膜中的渗透比极高,同时可降低二氧化碳的浓度同时能维持袋内低氧的环境,气调效果明显,果蔬的保质期长,并且制备过程简单,成本低廉,具有较好的经济优势。
根据上述,现有方案中透气保鲜膜在使用过程中存在薄膜中的透明度较差,无法在售买时感观目测食品的形状、色泽、鲜度等外观品质;另外,保鲜膜透气性较小,无法有效维持保鲜膜袋内的氧气与二氧化碳的浓度比,使得食品保质期较短,鉴于此,本发明提出了高透明透气保鲜膜袋及其制备方法,可有效解决上述技术问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了解决现有技术的不足,提供高透明透气保鲜膜袋及其制备方法,该方法简单易行,制得的保鲜膜透明、透气性好,能够生物降解,且具有不透水性。
高透明透气保鲜膜袋及其制备方法,所述保鲜膜袋由如下重量份的各组分组成:聚乙烯醇2~5份、半纤维素1~2份、硼酸0.1~0.3份、甲基丙二醇0.1~0.3份、壳聚糖1~2份、聚乙二醇3~5份、柠檬酸三丁酯0.2~1份、硅烷偶联剂1~2份、微晶纤维素1~2份、95%乙醇22~80份、水90~360份。
本发明所述的聚乙烯醇为完全醇解型聚乙烯醇,包括聚乙烯醇0599、聚乙烯醇1199、聚乙烯醇1399、聚乙烯醇1799、聚乙烯醇2099、聚乙烯醇2499、聚乙烯醇2599中的一种或多种组合。
本发明所述的半纤维素分子量为20000~50000。
本发明所述的半纤维素为将植物纤维原料(如桉木、竹、松木、甘蔗渣、麦草等)采用碱法(如氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾等)或有机溶剂(如乙醇、二甲基亚砜等)蒸煮提取半纤维素,经透析、脱色后获得。
本发明所述的壳聚糖为脱乙酰度80~95%的壳聚糖,所述壳聚糖为高粘度壳聚糖,所述高粘度壳聚糖的粘度为0.8~1.0Pa•s。
本发明所述的高透明透气保鲜膜袋制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将硅烷偶联剂、微晶纤维素和95%乙醇按固液比1:1:20~30加入三口烧瓶中,混合后搅拌分散均匀,加热至60~80℃回流、继续搅拌1~2h后,得混合物1;
(2)将聚乙烯醇和水按质量比1:25~40加热至50~70℃后溶解完全,得溶液2;
(3)将半纤维素和壳聚糖混合后按质量比1:20~40加水溶解处理10~20min,再加入硼酸溶解完全,得溶液3;
(4)将柠檬酸三丁酯和95%乙醇按体积比1:10~20混合溶解,再加入甲基丙二醇和聚乙二醇,搅拌20~40 min,得混合液4;
(5)将上述步骤1)~步骤4)中所得的混合物倒入高速分散混合机中高速搅拌5~10min,速度为1000~2000rpm/min,搅拌均匀后得膜液5;
(6)将上述步骤5)中膜液5均匀涂布于聚四氟乙烯板上制膜,在50~80℃下干燥2~12h,成膜后揭下,即得高透明透气保鲜膜6;
(7)将上述步骤6)中保鲜膜6进一步热塑封加工后即得高透明透气保鲜膜袋7。
本发明实施例中采用的硅烷偶联剂采用KH550和KH570中一种,由上海耀华化工有限公司生产。
本发明与现有技术相比,其有益效果为:
(1)本发明产品透明度较好,在售买时可感观目测食品的形状、色泽、鲜度等外观品质;
(2)本发明产品结构稳定,透气性好,在贮藏期间,即使有温度波动,也不易产生结露;
(3)原料中添加了壳聚糖,不仅起到抗菌作用,同时还对果蔬具有一定的保鲜作用;
(4)聚乙烯醇、半纤维素、硼酸、甲基丙二醇和聚乙二醇发生交联,在水性体系中能形成络酸盐,这种络合物可与极性基团(羟基)进一步络合,生产稳定的交联络合物,提高了膜液的稳定性,提高成膜机械强度;
(5)本发明具有良好的透气性和不透水性,通过改性微晶纤维素使其吸附氧气,环境中的二氧化碳又能通过保鲜膜的微孔吸入内部,在保证食品鲜度的同时,又能有效的防治雾滴的产生;
(6)本发明制备工艺较简单、易控制,制得的保鲜膜可生物降解,避免了以传统乙烯母料为原材料的保鲜膜在环境中的难降解和污染。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
高透明透气保鲜膜袋及其制备方法,所述保鲜膜袋由如下重量份的各组分组成:聚乙烯醇(0599)2份、半纤维素1份、硼酸0.1份、甲基丙二醇0.1份、壳聚糖1份、聚乙二醇3份、柠檬酸三丁酯0.2份、硅烷偶联剂(KH550)1份、微晶纤维素1份、95%乙醇22份、水90份。
本发明所述的高透明透气保鲜膜袋制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将硅烷偶联剂、微晶纤维素和95%乙醇按固液比
1:1:20加入三口烧瓶中,混合后搅拌分散均匀,加热至60℃回流、继续搅拌2h后,得混合物1;
(2)将聚乙烯醇和水按质量比1:25加热至70℃后溶解完全,得溶液2;
(3)将半纤维素和壳聚糖混合后按质量比1:20加水溶解处理20min,再加入硼酸溶解完全,得溶液3;
(4)将柠檬酸三丁酯和95%乙醇按体积比1:10混合溶解,再加入甲基丙二醇和聚乙二醇,搅拌40 min,得混合液4;
(5)将上述步骤1)~步骤4)中所得的混合物倒入高速分散混合机中高速搅拌5min,速度为1000rpm/min,搅拌均匀后得膜液5;
(6)将上述步骤5)中膜液5均匀涂布于聚四氟乙烯板上制膜,在50℃下干燥12 h,成膜后揭下,即得高透明透气保鲜膜6;
(7)将上述步骤6)中保鲜膜6进一步热塑封加工后即得高透明透气保鲜膜袋7。
本实施例制备得到的保鲜膜抗张强度可达48MPa、伸长率达12%、透光率达88%、水蒸气透过率为9.3 g/(m2•24h),呈现出良好的透气性能。
实施例2
高透明透气保鲜膜袋及其制备方法,所述保鲜膜袋由如下重量份的各组分组成:聚乙烯醇(1399)5份、半纤维素2份、硼酸0.3份、甲基丙二醇0.3份、壳聚糖2份、聚乙二醇5份、柠檬酸三丁酯1份、硅烷偶联剂(KH570)2份、微晶纤维素2份、95%乙醇80份、水360份。
本发明所述的高透明透气保鲜膜袋制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将硅烷偶联剂、微晶纤维素和95%乙醇按固液比1:1: 30加入三口烧瓶中,混合后搅拌分散均匀,加热至80℃回流、继续搅拌1h后,得混合物1;
(2)将聚乙烯醇和水按质量比1: 40加热至50℃后溶解完全,得溶液2;
(3)将半纤维素和壳聚糖混合后按质量比1: 40加水溶解处理10in,再加入硼酸溶解完全,得溶液3;
(4)将柠檬酸三丁酯和95%乙醇按体积比1: 20混合溶解,再加入甲基丙二醇和聚乙二醇,搅拌20 min,得混合液4;
(5)将上述步骤1)~步骤4)中所得的混合物倒入高速分散混合机中高速搅拌10min,速度为2000rpm/min,搅拌均匀后得膜液5;
(6)将上述步骤5)中膜液5均匀涂布于聚四氟乙烯板上制膜,在80℃下干燥2h,成膜后揭下,即得高透明透气保鲜膜6;
(7)将上述步骤6)中保鲜膜6进一步热塑封加工后即得高透明透气保鲜膜袋7。
本实施例制备得到的保鲜膜抗张强度可达56MPa、伸长率达8%、透光率达85%、水蒸气透过率为8.0 g/(m2•24h),呈现出良好的透气性能。
实施例3
高透明透气保鲜膜袋及其制备方法,所述保鲜膜袋由如下重量份的各组分组成:聚乙烯醇(聚乙烯醇1799、聚乙烯醇2099、聚乙烯醇2499,质量比1:1:1)3份、半纤维素1.5份、硼酸0.2份、甲基丙二醇0.2份、壳聚糖1.5份、聚乙二醇4份、柠檬酸三丁酯0.6份、硅烷偶联剂(KH570)1.5份、微晶纤维素1.5份、95%乙醇48份、水195份。
本发明所述的高透明透气保鲜膜袋制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将硅烷偶联剂、微晶纤维素和95%乙醇按固液比1:1:26加入三口烧瓶中,混合后搅拌分散均匀,加热至70℃回流、继续搅拌1.5h后,得混合物1;
(2)将聚乙烯醇和水按质量比1:35加热至60℃后溶解完全,得溶液2;
(3)将半纤维素和壳聚糖混合后按质量比1:30加水溶解处理15min,再加入硼酸溶解完全,得溶液3;
(4)将柠檬酸三丁酯和95%乙醇按体积比1:15混合溶解,再加入甲基丙二醇和聚乙二醇,搅拌30 min,得混合液4;
(5)将上述步骤1)~步骤4)中所得的混合物倒入高速分散混合机中高速搅拌8min,速度为1500rpm/min,搅拌均匀后得膜液5;
(6)将上述步骤5)中膜液5均匀涂布于聚四氟乙烯板上制膜,在70℃下干燥5小时,成膜后揭下,即得高透明透气保鲜膜6;
(7)将上述步骤6)中保鲜膜6进一步热塑封加工后即得高透明透气保鲜膜袋7。
本实施例制备得到的保鲜膜抗张强度可达55MPa、伸长率达10%、透光率达89%、水蒸气透过率为8.9g/(m2•24h),呈现出良好的透气性能。

Claims (5)

1.高透明透气保鲜膜袋及其制备方法,所述保鲜膜袋由如下重量份的各组分组成:聚乙烯醇2~5份、半纤维素1~2份、硼酸0.1~0.3份、甲基丙二醇0.1~0.3份、壳聚糖1~2份、聚乙二醇3~5份、柠檬酸三丁酯0.2~1份、硅烷偶联剂1~2份、微晶纤维素1~2份、95%乙醇22~80份、水90~360份。
2. 根据权利要求1 中所述的高透明透气保鲜膜袋及其制备方法,其特征在于:聚乙烯醇为完全醇解型聚乙烯醇,包括聚乙烯醇0599、聚乙烯醇1199、聚乙烯醇1399、聚乙烯醇1799、聚乙烯醇2099、聚乙烯醇 2499、聚乙烯醇2599中的一种或多种组合。
3. 根据权利要求1 中所述的高透明透气保鲜膜袋及其制备方法,其特征在于:半纤维素分子量为20000~50000。
4. 根据权利要求1 中所述的高透明透气保鲜膜袋及其制备方法,其特征在于:壳聚糖为脱乙酰度80~95%的壳聚糖,所述壳聚糖为高粘度壳聚糖,所述高粘度壳聚糖的粘度为0.8~1.0Pa•s。
5. 根据权利要求1 中所述的高透明透气保鲜膜袋及其制备方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
(1)将硅烷偶联剂、微晶纤维素和95%乙醇按固液比1:1:20~30加入三口烧瓶中,混合后搅拌分散均匀,加热至60~80℃回流、继续搅拌1~2h后,得混合物1;
(2)将聚乙烯醇和水按质量比1:25~40加热至50~70℃后溶解完全,得溶液2;
(3)将半纤维素和壳聚糖混合后按质量比1:20~40加水溶解处理10~20min,再加入硼酸溶解完全,得溶液3;
(4)将柠檬酸三丁酯和95%乙醇按体积比1:10~20混合溶解,再加入甲基丙二醇和聚乙二醇,搅拌20~40 min,得混合液4;
(5)将上述步骤1)~步骤4)中所得的混合物倒入高速分散混合机中高速搅拌5~10min,速度为1000~2000rpm/min,搅拌均匀后得膜液5;
(6)将上述步骤5)中膜液5均匀涂布于聚四氟乙烯板上制膜,在50~80℃下干燥2~12h,成膜后揭下,即得高透明透气保鲜膜6;
(7)将上述步骤6)中保鲜膜6进一步热塑封加工后即得高透明透气保鲜膜袋7。
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