CN109204547A - Body structure for vehicle - Google Patents
Body structure for vehicle Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN109204547A CN109204547A CN201810661903.2A CN201810661903A CN109204547A CN 109204547 A CN109204547 A CN 109204547A CN 201810661903 A CN201810661903 A CN 201810661903A CN 109204547 A CN109204547 A CN 109204547A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- section
- vehicle
- reinforcing element
- stabilizer blade
- body structure
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D27/00—Connections between superstructure or understructure sub-units
- B62D27/02—Connections between superstructure or understructure sub-units rigid
- B62D27/023—Assembly of structural joints
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D21/00—Understructures, i.e. chassis frame on which a vehicle body may be mounted
- B62D21/15—Understructures, i.e. chassis frame on which a vehicle body may be mounted having impact absorbing means, e.g. a frame designed to permanently or temporarily change shape or dimension upon impact with another body
- B62D21/157—Understructures, i.e. chassis frame on which a vehicle body may be mounted having impact absorbing means, e.g. a frame designed to permanently or temporarily change shape or dimension upon impact with another body for side impacts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D25/00—Superstructure or monocoque structure sub-units; Parts or details thereof not otherwise provided for
- B62D25/02—Side panels
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D25/00—Superstructure or monocoque structure sub-units; Parts or details thereof not otherwise provided for
- B62D25/02—Side panels
- B62D25/025—Side sills thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D25/00—Superstructure or monocoque structure sub-units; Parts or details thereof not otherwise provided for
- B62D25/04—Door pillars ; windshield pillars
Abstract
Body pillar (3) are had for vehicle the present invention relates to a kind of, the especially body structure of B column, the reinforcing element (11) for being used to improve lateral impact resistant intensity that body pillar has hollow beam (9) and is disposed thereon, reinforcing element has the head section (13) being connected on roof rail (7), the intermediolateral column section (17) of the stabilizer blade section (15) and extension being connected on threshold vehicle (1) therebetween, wherein, reinforcing element (11) has predetermined deformation position (19) in the intermediate location between intermediolateral column section (17) and stabilizer blade section (15), it can start the deformation of body pillar (3) on predetermined deformation position in lateral impact, wherein, reinforcing element (11) has U-shaped shape wide in intermediolateral column section (17), the U-shaped shape exterior feature has to exist along lateral direction of car (y) The shape exterior feature bottom (29) of outside vehicle and with idiomorphism exterior feature bottom along lateral direction of car (y) towards the side (33) that can be connected with the inner panel of hollow beam (9) and outside plate of vehicle interior projection.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of body structures of double rut formula vehicles for preamble according to claim 1.
Background technique
The B column substantially vertical direction of this vehicle extends between the roof rail of vehicle and the threshold vehicle of bottom side.B
On the one hand column is used for the reinforcing of lateral vehicle body, and on the other hand for containing component, such as belt retractor.This
Outside, B column also defines the car door entrance of front, and also defines the car door entrance at the rear portion of vehicle when necessary.In order to improve
Lateral impact resistant intensity in lateral impact, is integrated with reinforcing element in B column, and the reinforcing element overcomes is led by accident
Deformation of the B column of cause into inner space.However being a risk that for excessive side collision power formation, reinforce even if existing
Element can still result in uncontrolled bending of the body pillar to inner space.
The a type of automobile body as known to 10 2,014 201 198 B3 of document DE, wherein the reinforcing element of B column
With the head section being connected on roof rail, the stabilizer blade section being connected on threshold vehicle and in head section and stabilizer blade area
The intermediolateral column section extended between section.Reinforcing element has predetermined in the intermediate location between intermediolateral column section and stabilizer blade section
Deformation position can start the deformation of body pillar in lateral impact on the predetermined deformation position.Reinforcing element is in centre
It is wide that column section is equipped with U-shaped shape, and be specifically equipped with along lateral direction of car the shape exterior feature bottom of vehicle outside and be equipped with from
Shape exterior feature bottom is along lateral direction of car to the side of vehicle interior projection.Shape exterior feature bottom and side in the assembled state with column hollow beam
Inner panel is connected with outside plate.
It, can be on the predetermined deformation position of reinforcing element in collision in 10 2,014 201 198 B3 of document DE
Lead to the arris crackle on reinforcing element outer edge, the arris crackle can negatively affect the collision characteristic of reinforcing element.
When the outer edge of the reinforcing element in side collision is loaded by higher tensile stress, it may appear that such arris crackle.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by the present invention lies in, body structure, the especially B column that a kind of vehicle is provided, the vehicle body
Structure has good deformation characteristic in side collision, to avoid body pillar in the height of driver and passenger to vehicle interior
Bending in space.
The technical problem is solved by the technical characteristic of claim 1.It is of the invention with preferred improved procedure from
Belong to and being disclosed in claim.
According to the features of claim 1, the intermediolateral column section of part, reinforcing element be configured with traction on predetermined denaturation point
Band section (Zugbandsegment), in the traction band section, the side of intermediolateral column section is no longer supported on threshold vehicle top
On side, but it is connectionless relative to threshold vehicle top side.The traction band section and vehicle in intermediolateral column section are formd by this way
Free deformation space between threshold top side.In side collision, reinforcing element is in the feelings at least partly using deformation space
It is deformed along lateral direction of car to vehicle interior under condition.By providing free deformation space, realize compared with the above-mentioned prior art
Obvious more determining deformation characteristic and uniform, corrugationless the deformation on predetermined deformation position, without being excessively overloaded
Intermediolateral column section.
Using the present invention provides the stabilizer blade profiles of reinforcing element, the stabilizer blade profile being capable of phase in a kind of technical solution
The prior art is more narrowly constructed.Preferably, the width of B column stabilizer blade is no more than the maximum width of component.In a kind of technology
In embodiment, reinforcing element can be adjacently positioned on component slab along identical orientation.The considerations of for manufacturability,
Obvious more cost economically uses such plate blank compared with prior art for present invention permission, can have non-material to unite
One plate thickness or material quality.
Another core concept of the invention is that the profile of B column stabilizer blade is configured to, and when side collides and loads, is leading
Flat surface is formed based on profile " expansion " under gravitation.Using profile according to the present invention, pass through components interior in collision
Shape exterior feature bottom formed inside load paths than along traction band section outer edge guiding load paths it is shorter.
In a kind of technical solution, in the traction band section of intermediolateral column section the side of reinforcing element additionally relative to
The inner panel and outside plate of hollow beam be it is connectionless, so as not to can in the region of the deformation position of reinforcing element to reinforcing element
Deformation characteristic has an adverse effect.The traction band section of intermediolateral column section can be along the downward material unification of vehicle-height direction and one
Stabilizer blade section is transitted to body formula, to ensure the good power transmitting in collision.Stabilizer blade section particularly preferably can only exist
Junction on the side wall of the vehicle outside of threshold vehicle is connected at junction, in contrast, stabilizer blade section is relative to upper
It is connectionless for stating threshold vehicle top side.In a kind of technical embodiment, stabilizer blade section can be vertical, flat outside
Arm, the outer webs face are connected between in the traction band section of column section with flushing.
It is preferably for the considerations of defined deformation characteristic, in the traction band section and stabilizer blade section of intermediolateral column section
Between intermediate location on define the axis of bending that orientation is aligned with longitudinal direction of car.When side collides, intermediolateral column section is logical
The bending crossed around axis of bending is deflected relative to stabilizer blade section.
In order to further support deformation characteristic, the side height of reinforcing element side can be in traction band section towards stabilizer blade
The direction of section reduces.In particular it is preferred that side of the side in the intermediate location between traction band section and stabilizer blade section
Height is reduced to zero, to constitute above-mentioned axis of bending.It is formed between traction band section and stabilizer blade section by this way flat
Flat component shape is wide, and the component shape exterior feature plays the effect of film hinge in side collision, wherein intermediolateral column section can be with base
Stabilizer blade section in sheet harmlessly relative to lower part is bent.
Above-mentioned part geometry of the reinforcing element in the region at predetermined deformation position forms the outer edge of side
Arris trend in traction band section, the arris trend lead to the advantageous tensile stress in reinforcing element in side collision
Distribution: thus in above-mentioned part geometry, the length ratio of the load paths provided by the shape exterior feature bottom of components interior is being led
The length of the load paths provided in the outer edge of leader tape section is shorter.It is thus formed in reinforcing element in side collision
Tensile stress distribution, wherein the outer edge of side is substantially non-loaded, and the shape that main load passes through the components interior of reinforcing element
Wide bottom conductive.The arris crackle in outer edge caused by collision is substantially avoided by this way.
Preferably, stabilizer blade section is relative to the shape exterior feature bottom of intermediolateral column section, along longitudinal direction of car forwardly and rearwardly with certainly
It is widened by protrusion.It is important in this that each protrusion is terminated to vehicle up direction with free top trimming, that is to say, that not straight
It connects and is connected on the side of intermediolateral column section, it is thus achieved that the bending good, caused by collision around above-mentioned axis of bending.
Detailed description of the invention
The embodiment of the present invention is described below by attached drawing.
In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 illustrates the side view of vehicle with partial cross；
Fig. 2 shows the three-dimensional detail views of the intermediate location of the B column of the body structure of vehicle to bottom side threshold vehicle；
Fig. 3 shows the partial view of the intermediate location from the stabilizer blade section of reinforcing element to intermediolateral column section；With
Fig. 4 shows the view corresponding with Fig. 3 of the plate partial devices in side collision.
Specific embodiment
Vehicle is shown in FIG. 1, wherein highlight in intermediate vehicle region by partial sectional view along longitudinal direction of car x
The side wall assemblies of white body out.White body has the vehicle rail of unshowned lower part, and the vehicle rail is in vehicle passenger cabin
Lateral threshold vehicle 1 is transitted in region.After the B column 3 of side wall assemblies is arranged in A column 5 along longitudinal direction of car x, and along vehicle
The bottom threshold vehicle 1 of automobile body is connected by short transverse z with the roof rail 7 of roof frame.
3 one side of B column is used for the reinforcing of lateral vehicle body, and on the other hand leads for containing component, such as safety belt
Lead device etc..B column 3 is embodied as the hollow beam 9 being made of shelly-shaped inner panel and outside plate 23,21 herein, as shown in Figure 1 or 2.By
It is integrated in hollow beam 9, such as reinforcing element 11 made of thermoforming steel, it is lateral in side collision to improve B column 3
Impact resistant intensity.
According to Fig. 1, reinforcing element 11 has the head section 13 being rigidly attached in 7 upper-part of roof rail, is connected to
Stabilizer blade section 15 on threshold vehicle 1 and the intermediolateral column extended between head section and stabilizer blade section along vehicle-height direction z
Section 17.Compared with the connection of the component rigidity on roof rail 7, predetermined deformation position is set in the lower area of B column 3
19 (only showing in figure 2 and figure 3), the construction at the predetermined deformation position and the working principle in side collision are retouched following
It states.In side collision, start B column 3 on predetermined deformation position 19 along lateral direction of car y towards the deformation of vehicle interior.
The detail view of the intermediate location from the intermediolateral column section 17 of reinforcing element 11 to stabilizer blade section 15 is shown in FIG. 2,
And connection of the stabilizer blade section 15 on threshold vehicle 1.According to fig. 2, the hollow beam 9 of B column 3 passes through the only shell shown in dotted line in Fig. 2
The outside plate 21 of shape and the shelly-shaped inner panel 23 shown in same dotted line are constituted.The fixed flange 25 of inner panel and outside plate 21,23 is in centre
It is welded to each other in the case where the fixed flange 27 for being connected with reinforcing element 11.In Fig. 2, the studding section wherein of reinforcing element 11
With U-shaped shape exterior feature construction in 17, and specifically have along lateral direction of car y in external shape exterior feature bottom 29 and with along vehicle
The side 33 of lateral y inside projection on transition arris 31.Two sides 33 utilize above-mentioned fixation on free edge arris 35
Flange 27 is bent.The column section 17 of the U-shaped shape exterior feature of reinforcing element 11 herein for example with 21 outline of outside plate of same U-shaped.
As further shown in Figure 2, the intermediolateral column section 17 of reinforcing element 11 constructs in deformation position 19 has leash
Section 37, in the traction band section, the side 33 of reinforcing element 11 is connectionless relative to threshold vehicle top side 39.With it is upper
It is different to state the prior art, thus according to the invention enables reinforcing elements 11 to be no longer supported on threshold vehicle top side 39,
But Free Transform space 36, the working principle of the deformation space are constituted between traction band section 37 and threshold vehicle top side 39
It is illustrated later by Fig. 3 and Fig. 4.In addition, in the region of the traction band section 37 of intermediolateral column section 17, the side of reinforcing element 11
Side 33 is also connectionless relative to the inner panel and outside plate 21,23 of hollow beam 9.
The traction band section 37 of intermediolateral column section 17 along vehicle-height direction z downwards, face transit to stabilizer blade area with flushing
Section 15, the stabilizer blade section is embodied as vertical flat outer webs in Fig. 2.As described above, according to the present invention importantly,
Stabilizer blade section 15 is only on the side wall 45 of vehicle outside for being connected to threshold vehicle 1 at spot welding point F, however relative to threshold vehicle top
Side 39 is completely connectionless.
In the traction band section 37 of intermediolateral column section 17, the side height h of side 33 shown in figure 2 is towards stabilizer blade area
The direction of section 15 is continuously reduced.The side height h of side 33 is especially drawing the mistake between band section 37 and stabilizer blade section 1 herein
It crosses and is reduced to zero at position, flat shape exterior feature region is thus constituted in reinforcing element 11, shape exterior feature region is in side collision
The effect of Shi Fahui film hinge, wherein intermediolateral column section 17 is around axis of bending B (see Fig. 2,3 and 4) substantially phase with no damage
The stabilizer blade section 15 of lower part is bent.
In part geometry shown in Fig. 2, the outer edge 43 of side 33 is formd in traction band section 37
Arris trend, the arris trend cause to collide advantageous tensile stress distribution in reinforcing element 11 in side collision.As a result,
Load paths L shown in figure 2 is formed by the geometrical condition in reinforcing element 11i(in for example free edge arris
Inner track in 35 region), the length of the load paths is than the load that provides in the outer edge 43 of traction band section 37
Path LaThe length of (outer trace) is shorter.
Preferably, inner track (load paths Li) length and outer trace (load paths La) compared to as in vehicle
The fixed flange 27 on the top of inside is to the shorter connection between the threshold vehicle side wall 45 of outside vehicle.It is particularly preferred
It is that length difference is formed by the expansion of 3 dimension profiles of traction band section 37.
Stabilizer blade section 15 shown in figure 2 is forwardly and rearwardly widened respectively with protrusion 43 along longitudinal direction of car x.For to adding
The considerations of good collision characteristic of the deformation position 19 of strong element 11, it is important that the front and rear of stabilizer blade section 15
Protrusion 43 is terminated respectively with the trimming 46 on free top compared with the aforementioned prior art to vehicle up direction, that is to say, that not straight
It connects and is connected on side 33.Bending caused by good collision of the reinforcing element 11 around axis of bending B is realized by this way.
The side view under assembled state is shown in FIG. 3.Consider for succinct, reinforcing element 11, interior is only shown in Fig. 3
Plate 23 and threshold vehicle 1.Under the assembled state shown in, reinforcing element 11 is welded on the threshold vehicle of bottom side on stabilizer blade section 15
At junction F in 1 exterior side wall 45.The outer edge 41 of the side 33 reduced on the height h of side and threshold vehicle top side
Free Transform space 36 is limited between 39.
The profile of B column stabilizer blade shown in figure 2 and figure 3 is designed as, and is formed in side collision load by tractive force
As the even curface of profile " expansion ", as shown in Figure 4.Core of the invention is, using profile according to the present invention,
The load paths L guided when collision by the shape exterior feature bottom 29 of components interioriThan being guided along the outer edge 43 of traction band section 37
Load paths LaIt is shorter.
In side collision, (Fig. 4) thus forms the following deformation characteristic of reinforcing element 11: thus in load impact force
Intermediolateral column section 17 is mobile to vehicle interior with deformation path in deformation position 19 in lower area when FA.Intermediolateral column section
17 traction band section 37 is deflected around axis of bending B to vehicle interior herein, and that is into Free Transform space 36
Deflection.In addition, through reinforcing element 11 from the threshold vehicle 1 that outside vehicle is connected to bottom side, so that torque is applied to bottom
On threshold vehicle 1 on side, thus threshold vehicle is rotated in the case where further eliminating collision energy, however the wherein shape of threshold vehicle
Exterior feature is kept essentially constant.As described above, main load passes through internal load paths L in collision processiConduction, and it is external
Load paths LaBe kept substantially it is non-loaded, to avoid the arris crackle in outer edge 41.
List of numerals
1 threshold vehicle
2 body pillars
5 A columns
7 roof rails
9 hollow beams
11 reinforcing elements
13 head sections
15 stabilizer blade sections
17 intermediolateral column sections
19 predetermined deformation positions
21 outside plates
23 inner panels
The fixed flange of 25 inner panels and outside plate
The fixed flange of 27 reinforcing elements
29 shape exterior feature bottoms
31 transition arris
33 sides
35 edge arris
36 Free Transform spaces
37 traction band sections
39 threshold vehicle top sides
41 outer edges
43 protrusions
The side wall of 45 outside vehicles
The trimming on 46 free tops
The side h height
FAImpact force
LaExternal load paths
LiInternal load paths
Claims (9)
1. a kind of body structure for vehicle, has body pillar (3), especially B column, the body pillar has hollow beam (9)
With the reinforcing element (11) for being used to improve lateral impact resistant intensity being arranged in hollow beam, the reinforcing element, which has, to be connected to
Head section (13) on roof rail (7), the stabilizer blade section (15) being connected on threshold vehicle (1) and in head section and branch
The intermediolateral column section (17) extended between foot section, wherein reinforcing element (11) is in intermediolateral column section (17) and stabilizer blade section
(15) there are predetermined deformation position (19) in the intermediate location between, it can be on the predetermined deformation position in lateral impact
Start the deformation of body pillar (3), wherein reinforcing element (11) has U-shaped shape wide in intermediolateral column section (17), and the U-shaped shape is wide
With along lateral direction of car (y) the shape exterior feature bottom (29) of outside vehicle and with since shape exterior feature bottom along lateral direction of car (y)
Towards the side (33) of vehicle interior projection, the side can be connected with the inner panel of hollow beam (9) and outside plate, which is characterized in that
The intermediolateral column section (17) of reinforcing element (11) constructs on deformation position (19) has traction band section (37), in the traction
The side (33) of reinforcing element (11) is connectionless relative to threshold vehicle top side (39) in band section, and in leash
It is constituted between section (37) and threshold vehicle top side (39) free deformation space (36), and the reinforcing element in side collision
(11) it can be deformed along lateral direction of car (y) to vehicle interior in the case where at least partly using deformation space (36).
2. body structure according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the traction band section (37) of intermediolateral column section (17)
Region in, the side (33) of reinforcing element (11) is connectionless relative to the inner panel and outside plate (21,23) of hollow beam (9).
3. body structure according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that the traction band section of intermediolateral column section (17)
(37) along vehicle-height direction (z), material uniformly and is transitioned into stabilizer blade section (15), and especially stabilizer blade downwards
Section (15) is only connected on the side wall (45) of the outside vehicle of threshold vehicle (1) on junction (F).
4. body structure according to claim 1,2 or 3, which is characterized in that stabilizer blade section (15) is vertical flat
Outer webs, the outer webs face are connected between in the traction band section (37) of column section (17) with flushing.
5. body structure according to any one of the preceding claims, which is characterized in that in leading for intermediolateral column section (17)
The bending axis that orientation is aligned with longitudinal direction of car (x) is defined in intermediate location between leader tape section (37) and stabilizer blade section (15)
Line (B), and when side collides, intermediolateral column section (17) can be deflected around axis of bending (B) relative to stabilizer blade section (15).
6. body structure according to any one of the preceding claims, which is characterized in that the side in traction band section (37)
The side height (h) on side (33) is reduced towards the direction of stabilizer blade section (15), and the side height (h) of especially side (33) is being led
It is reduced to zero in intermediate location between leader tape section (37) and stabilizer blade section (15), to constitute axis of bending (B).
7. body structure according to any one of the preceding claims, which is characterized in that the outer edge (41) of side (33)
Arris trend in traction band section (37) is designed as, and tensile stress distribution is formed in side collision, wherein side (33)
Outer edge (41) is substantially non-loaded, and main load is conducted by the shape exterior feature bottom (29) of the components interior of reinforcing element (11),
Thus the arris crackle on outer edge (41) caused by collision is avoided.
8. body structure according to claim 7, which is characterized in that provided by the shape exterior feature bottom (29) by components interior
The load paths length that load paths length ratio provides in the outer edge (41) of traction band section (37) is shorter.
9. body structure according to any one of the preceding claims, which is characterized in that stabilizer blade section (15) is relative in
The shape exterior feature bottom (29) of studding section (17) is forwardly and rearwardly widened along longitudinal direction of car (x) with free raised (43), and especially
Each protrusion is terminated to vehicle up direction with free top trimming (46), that is to say, that it is not directly connected on side (33), with
Just the bending good, caused by collision around axis of bending (B) is realized.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102017211160.7 | 2017-06-30 | ||
| DE102017211160.7A DE102017211160B4 (en) | 2017-06-30 | 2017-06-30 | Body structure for a vehicle |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN109204547A true CN109204547A (en) | 2019-01-15 |
| CN109204547B CN109204547B (en) | 2021-06-25 |
Family
ID=64662001
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810661903.2A Active CN109204547B (en) | 2017-06-30 | 2018-06-25 | Vehicle body structure for vehicle |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN109204547B (en) |
| DE (1) | DE102017211160B4 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113619682A (en) * | 2020-05-06 | 2021-11-09 | 大众汽车股份公司 | Vehicle body structure for vehicle |
| CN113646192A (en) * | 2019-03-27 | 2021-11-12 | Bpw矿用轴公司 | Axle connection for a vehicle axle and axle plate therefor |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP7259580B2 (en) * | 2019-06-18 | 2023-04-18 | マツダ株式会社 | side body structure |
| DE102019131893B3 (en) * | 2019-11-26 | 2021-01-21 | Audi Ag | Pillar for a vehicle |
| JP7165773B2 (en) * | 2021-03-26 | 2022-11-04 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | vehicle side structure |
| CN113335389B (en) * | 2021-06-17 | 2022-08-23 | 东风柳州汽车有限公司 | Rear floor connection structure and car |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102017211160A1 (en) | 2019-01-03 |
| CN109204547B (en) | 2021-06-25 |
| DE102017211160B4 (en) | 2021-09-16 |
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