CN109197567B - Method for cultivating red series rape flowers - Google Patents
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- CN109197567B CN109197567B CN201810932499.8A CN201810932499A CN109197567B CN 109197567 B CN109197567 B CN 109197567B CN 201810932499 A CN201810932499 A CN 201810932499A CN 109197567 B CN109197567 B CN 109197567B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/04—Processes of selection involving genotypic or phenotypic markers; Methods of using phenotypic markers for selection
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of rape flower color cultivation, in particular to a cultivation method of red series rape flowers. The cabbage type rape is used as a female parent, and the red flower radish is used as a male parent to be hybridized and cultured. The method combines an effective biotechnology with a conventional breeding means to breed a new red rape variety.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rape flower cultivation, in particular to a cultivation method of red series rape flowers.
Background
Rape is an important oil crop in China, and the annual production of rape oil is about 1400 million tons, thereby providing an important guarantee for the safety of oil crops in China. In this context, in addition to being used as oil crops, rape is being deeply excavated and developed for various functions. Among them, rape is used as an ornamental oil crop, and is a great place for promoting the integration of agriculture and travel and building beautiful countryside.
With the elimination of temporary storage policies and various subsidies and the low rape planting benefits, rape growers have low planting enthusiasm and large downward sliding of planting areas due to the fact that the rape growers have more provinces. In order to improve the planting benefit of the rape, the multifunctional development of the rape is put forward by taking the national rape industry technical system of the friendship courtyard, the guan-Chun cloud courtyard and the Wang Han Zhongji as the first. Including rape as feed, ornamental, vegetable, fertilizer, honey, etc. In particular, the rape has more obvious social and economic benefits through the propaganda, scenic spot creation and the like of the years as ornamental purposes. For example, in many famous sceneries, such as Yunnan Luoping, Jiangxi Wuyuan, etc., by using natural landscapes such as terraced fields, etc., with the planting of a large number of rapes, sceneries with high ornamental value are created. In addition, various rape flower sections are developed by utilizing the colorful rape flowers in various places according to local cultural customs, and a large number of tourists are attracted when the rape flowers bloom each year. Therefore, the cultivation of colorful rape flowers, the creation of rape flower scenic spots and corresponding cultural construction have the following important meanings: (1) the method promotes the local travel economic income in a mode of combining agriculture and travel, and achieves the purpose of combining two-generation and three-generation; (2) increase the utilization of the idle winter field. Rape is the most important winter crop in Yangtze river basin. The previous stubble is rice, and when the rice is harvested, the rice has more winter fallow fields. The method for planting the colored rape in the winter fallow field of the rice afterreap has a plurality of advantages. For example, the land idle rate can be reduced, and the land utilization rate can be increased; can be used for oil pressing by harvesting rapeseeds, thereby ensuring the safety of oil plants in China. (3) Increase soil fertility and promote high yield of rice. The color rape is similar to common rape, and a large number of leaves and plant residues return to soil in the growth process, so that the soil fertility is increased, and the yield of rice is promoted. (4) The amateur life content of people is enriched, and the quality of the beautiful life of people is improved. As the modern people have higher living pressure and people are busy working at ordinary times along with the increase of the urbanization range of rural areas, the colored rape flowers around the rural areas or the towns are enjoyed to provide good environment for people to release pressure and entertain, thereby being beneficial to the physical and mental health of people. Therefore, it is of great significance to cultivate and plant colored rape flowers, and it is necessary to develop the cultivation of rape flowers.
Although the cultivation and planting of colored rape has important ecological and social significance, at present, some bottleneck problems to be solved still exist. Mainly as follows:
(1) the color is less. Common rape flowers are golden yellow, and then researchers separate white, khaki (light yellow), dark yellow and the like in natural mutation, artificial mutagenesis and distant hybridization populations of rape due to the requirements of sightseeing and breeding. These germplasm of oilseed rape of different colors have been widely used in oilseed rape crop travel integration. However, the color system of these rape flowers is still yellow and relatively monotonous. In recent years, successful breeding of orange-colored rape flowers has been reported, but there is no report on the breeding of purple rape flowers due to the production release.
(2) The method lacks of a quick and effective means, and the cultivation period is long. The yellow line rape is mainly obtained through mutagenesis or distant hybridization. Although organisms in nature often have natural mutation, the mutation probability is very low, and the period is very long, so that the requirements of rape as ornamental crops in the current agriculture and tourism combination cannot be met; artificial mutagenesis is used, although the probability of mutagenesis is greatly increased compared to natural mutagenesis. However, the required population is still very large, and the screening work costs a lot of manpower, material resources and financial resources. Distant hybridization is an important means for creating new materials, such as Brassica napus and its neighboring species, such as Brassicaceae, Brassica rapa, Raphanus, etc. However, distant progeny are often lost during progeny segregation, resulting in plants with undesirable traits of interest.
(3) Lacking available germplasm resources. In rape, golden yellow is predominant since ancient times. Besides some yellow rape obtained above, there are no other germplasm in other color systems such as red, purple, blue, etc. Therefore, only by other means, resources other than the yellow system are created using colors in other species.
The Chinese red rape flower has similar background with the purple rape, is also very lack in China, but has very large application prospect in the countryside joy.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that the existing red series rape flowers lack of Chinese red color, and provides a method for cultivating the red series rape flowers.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for cultivating red series rape flower comprises hybridizing cabbage type rape as female parent and red flower radish as male parent; rescuing the hybrid seeds with embryos to obtain plants, and backcrossing the plants which are obtained after the embryo rescue and serve as female parents and the cabbage type rape serving as male parents; and backcrossing the hybrid plant with the cabbage type rape again, then selfing at least once, and directionally selecting to obtain the red rape flower.
Preferably, the obtained red rape flowers are crossed with yellow or white rape flowers to obtain red rape flowers with different shades.
Preferably, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) taking cabbage type rape as a female parent and taking safflower radish as a male parent; when the main inflorescence of the carrot blooms more than 5 flowers, all the bloomed and just bloomed flowers are removed, and the bag is covered, and when the bloomed number of the carrot in the bag reaches more than 5 flowers, the female parent peels off buds and castors; pollination is carried out twice;
(2) rescuing the embryo, namely taking the ovary 10 days after the second pollination for in vitro culture, and culturing for germination;
(3) performing rapid propagation, growing the young embryo in MS +1mg/L6-BA +0.25mg/L naphthylacetic acid after the young embryo is grown into seedlings, and performing subculture;
(4) doubling chromosome, transferring young seedling into MS culture medium added with 100mg/L colchicine, culturing for 10-12 days, stopping treatment when seedling top end becomes thick, transferring treated seedling and callus into fresh rapid propagation culture medium; differentiating new seedlings from the callus;
(5) the hybrid plant and the rape are continuously backcrossed;
(6) backcross generation (BC)1F1) Continuously rescuing with the embryo, and repeating the steps (2), (3) and (4);
(7) the second time of embryo rescue plant is continued to be backcrossed again for the first generation by using the cabbage type rape;
(8) bagging for selfing, and performing directional selection; selecting plants with petal color variation, namely plants with red petal cores;
(9) bagging and selfing the plant seeds selected directionally, sowing, planting each plant, and selecting red rape flowers;
(10) the red rape flower material is crossed with yellow or white rape flower, and the filial generation of the hybrid is selfed and directionally selected to produce color line with different red color.
Preferably, the bud peeling and emasculation of the female parent in the step (1) specifically comprises: selecting a main inflorescence of the cabbage type rape with plump buds and no diseases and insect pests, removing bloomed and just bloomed flowers, simultaneously removing the top of the buds, and reserving 15 +/-2 unopened flowers in each inflorescence; removing calyx and petal at 1/3 position of unopened flower with ophthalmic forceps sterilized with 70% ethanol to expose stigma, and completely removing 6 anthers with ophthalmic forceps; the bag is temporarily sleeved by the parchment paper, and the base part of the bag is clamped by the clip, so that small insects, wind and the like are prevented from flying to other rape pollen to fall on the stigma, and pollution is avoided.
Preferably, the two pollinations in the step (1) are specifically: removing the non-woven fabric bag of the carrot flowers, picking the full-fleshed flowers, wherein the flower picking standard is that the flower medicines are touched by fingers, the fingers are best stained with a layer of pollen, and after the flowers are picked, the non-woven fabric bag is still used for sleeving the radish flower inflorescences; removing the sulfuric acid paper bag of the castrated buds of the cabbage type rape, and using safflower radish anther to touch the cabbage type rape style till the rape style is stained with pollen; bagging with a sulfuric acid paper bag, and marking the pollination date with a plastic label; pollinating the pollen of the red flower rape again in the next day.
Preferably, the embryo rescue in the step (2) is specifically as follows: picking ovary, sterilizing with 75% ethanol for 45s, sterilizing with 6% sodium hypochlorite solution for 10min, washing with sterilized distilled water for 3 times, washing to remove residual disinfectant, culturing in 1/2MS +1mg/L6-BA medium for 15 days, taking out embryo, culturing in MS +1mg/L6-BA medium for 10 days, and germinating in MS medium.
Preferably, in the step (5), the cabbage type rape is used as a male parent during backcross, the embryo rescued plant is used as a female parent, and the emasculation and pollination method during backcross is the same as that in the step (1).
Preferably, the brassica napus in step (7) serves as a male parent.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: a new red rape variety is cultivated by a rapid and efficient means.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a safflower rape plant;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a pink cauliflower;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of orange-red rape.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described below by means of specific examples.
The raw materials used in the examples of the present invention are those commonly used in the art, and the methods used in the examples are those conventional in the art, unless otherwise specified.
Example (b):
a method for culturing the rape flower in red series includes such steps as hybridizing between cabbage-type rape as female parent and red-flower radish as male parent, and culturing. That is, the method is obtained by sexual hybridization of cabbage type rape variety (yellow flower) close to the flowering period of the red-flower radish and the red-flower radish.
Certainly, the method comprises the steps of hybridizing cabbage type rape serving as a female parent and carrot serving as a male parent; and then carrying out backcross by taking a hybrid plant obtained by embryo rescue after hybridization as a female parent and taking the cabbage type rape as a male parent.
The method is further improved and refined, and after backcross, the cabbage type rape is used as a male parent for backcross again; then performing selfing after directional selection; screening to obtain red series rape flowers according with the color requirement; the obtained variety is hybridized with yellow or white rape flower to obtain red rape flower with different shades.
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) taking cabbage type rape as a female parent and taking safflower radish as a male parent; when the main inflorescence of the carrot blooms more than 5 flowers, completely removing the bloomed and just bloomed flowers, bagging, and when the bloomed number of the carrot in the bag reaches more than 5 flowers, stripping off buds and emasculating the female parent; pollination is carried out twice;
the bud peeling and emasculation of the female parent specifically comprises the following steps: selecting main inflorescences of the cabbage type rape with plump buds and no diseases and insect pests, removing bloomed and just opened flowers, simultaneously removing the tops of the buds, and reserving 15 +/-2 (about 15) unopened flowers in each inflorescence; removing calyx and petal at 1/3 position of unopened flower with ophthalmic forceps sterilized with 70% ethanol to expose stigma, and completely removing 6 anthers with ophthalmic forceps; the bag is temporarily sleeved by the parchment paper, and the base part of the bag is clamped by the clip, so that small insects, wind and the like are prevented from flying to other rape pollen to fall on the stigma, and pollution is avoided.
The process of pollination twice is as follows: removing the non-woven fabric bag of the carrot flowers, picking the full-fleshed flowers, wherein the flower picking standard is that the flower medicines are touched by fingers, the fingers are best stained with a layer of pollen, and after the flowers are picked, the non-woven fabric bag is still used for sleeving the radish flower inflorescences; removing the sulfuric acid paper bag of the castrated buds of the cabbage type rape, and using safflower radish anther to touch the cabbage type rape style till the rape style is stained with pollen; bagging with a sulfuric acid paper bag, and marking the pollination date with a plastic label; pollinating the pollen of the red flower rape again in the next day.
(2) Rescuing the embryo, namely taking the ovary 10 days after the second pollination for in vitro culture, and culturing for germination;
the specific process is as follows: picking ovary, sterilizing with 75% ethanol for 45s, sterilizing with 6% sodium hypochlorite solution for 10min, washing with sterilized distilled water for 3 times, washing to remove residual disinfectant, culturing in 1/2MS +1mg/L6-BA medium for 15 days, taking out embryo, culturing in MS +1mg/L6-BA medium for 10 days, and germinating in MS medium.
(3) Performing rapid propagation, growing the young embryo in MS +1mg/L6-BA +0.25mg/L naphthylacetic acid after the young embryo is grown into seedlings, and performing subculture;
(4) doubling chromosome, transferring young seedling into MS culture medium added with 100mg/L colchicine, culturing for 10-12 days, stopping treatment when seedling top end becomes thick, transferring treated seedling and callus into fresh rapid propagation culture medium; differentiating new seedlings from the callus;
(5) the hybrid plant and the rape are continuously backcrossed; and (2) taking the cabbage type rape as a male parent and the embryo salvaged plant as a female parent, and performing emasculation and pollination in the backcross process in the same way as the step (1).
(6) Backcross generation (BC)1F1) Continuously rescuing with the embryo, and repeating the steps (2), (3) and (4);
(7) the second time of embryo rescue plant is continued to be backcrossed again for the first generation by using the cabbage type rape; still taking cabbage type rape as a male parent;
(8) bagging for selfing, and performing directional selection; selecting plants with petal color variation, namely plants with red petal cores;
(9) bagging and selfing the plant seeds selected directionally, sowing, planting each plant, and selecting red rape flowers;
(10) the red rape flower material is crossed with yellow or white rape flower, and the filial generation of the hybrid is selfed and directionally selected to produce color line with different red color. As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3. FIG. 1 is safflower rape. FIG. 2 is a view of a peach safflower rape. FIG. 3 is orange red rape.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the application and is illustrative of the principles of the technology employed. It will be appreciated by a person skilled in the art that the scope of the invention as referred to in the present application is not limited to the embodiments with a specific combination of the above-mentioned features, but also covers other embodiments with any combination of the above-mentioned features or their equivalents without departing from the inventive concept. For example, the above features may be replaced with (but not limited to) features having similar functions disclosed in the present application.
Claims (6)
1. A method for cultivating a red series rape flower is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) taking cabbage type rape as a female parent and taking safflower radish as a male parent; when the main inflorescence of the carrot blooms more than 5 flowers, all the bloomed and just bloomed flowers are removed, and the bag is covered, and when the bloomed number of the carrot in the bag reaches more than 5 flowers, the female parent peels off buds and castors; pollination is carried out twice;
(2) rescuing the embryo, namely taking the ovary 10 days after the second pollination for in vitro culture, and culturing for germination;
(3) performing rapid propagation, growing the young embryo on MS +1mg/L6-BA +0.25mg/L naphthylacetic acid after the young embryo is grown into a seedling, and performing subculture;
(4) doubling chromosome, transferring young seedling into MS culture medium added with 100mg/L colchicine, culturing for 10-12 days, stopping treatment when seedling top end becomes thick, transferring treated seedling and callus into fresh rapid propagation culture medium; differentiating new seedlings from the callus;
(5) the hybrid plant and the cabbage type rape are backcrossed continuously;
(6) carrying out backcross on the first generation BC1F1, and continuing to rescue the first generation BC1F1 by using the embryo, and repeating the steps (2), (3) and (4);
(7) the second time of embryo rescue plant is continued to be backcrossed again for the first generation by using the cabbage type rape;
(8) bagging for selfing, and performing directional selection; selecting plants with petal color variation, namely plants with red petal cores;
(9) bagging and selfing the plant seeds selected directionally, sowing, planting each plant, and selecting red rape flowers;
(10) the red rape flower material is crossed with yellow or white rape flower, and the filial generation of the hybrid is selfed and directionally selected to produce color line with different red color.
2. The method for cultivating rape flowers of red color series according to claim 1, wherein the bud peeling and emasculation of the female parent in the step (1) comprises: selecting a main inflorescence of the cabbage type rape with plump buds and no diseases and insect pests, removing bloomed and just bloomed flowers, simultaneously removing the top of the buds, and reserving 15 +/-2 unopened flowers in each inflorescence; removing calyx and petal at 1/3 position of unopened flower with ophthalmic forceps sterilized with 70% ethanol to expose stigma, and completely removing 6 anthers with ophthalmic forceps; the bag is temporarily sleeved with parchment paper, and the base part of the bag is clamped by a clip, so that small insects and wind are prevented from flying other nearby rape pollen to the stigma, and pollution is avoided.
3. The method for cultivating rape flowers of red color series according to claim 1, wherein the two pollinations in the step (1) are specifically: removing the non-woven fabric bag of the carrot flowers, picking the full-fleshed flowers, wherein the flower picking standard is that the fingers touch the anther slightly, the fingers are stained with a layer of pollen, and after the flowers are picked, the non-woven fabric is still used for sleeving the radish flower inflorescences; removing the sulfuric acid paper bag of the castrated flower buds of the cabbage type rape, and using safflower radish anther to touch the flower column of the cabbage type rape back and forth until the flower column of the cabbage type rape is fully stained with pollen; bagging with a sulfuric acid paper bag, and marking the pollination date with a plastic label; pollinating the pollen of the carrot for the next time.
4. The method for cultivating red series rape flowers according to claim 1, wherein the embryo rescue in the step (2) is as follows: picking ovary, sterilizing with 75% ethanol for 45s, sterilizing with 6% sodium hypochlorite solution for 10min, washing with sterilized distilled water for 3 times, washing to remove residual disinfectant, culturing in 1/2MS +1mg/L6-BA medium for 15 days, taking out embryo, culturing in MS +1mg/L6-BA medium for 10 days, and germinating in MS medium.
5. The method for cultivating rape flowers of red color series according to claim 1, wherein the brassica napus is used as a male parent and the embryo-rescued plant is used as a female parent in the backcross in the step (5), and the emasculation and pollination method in the backcross is the same as that in the step (1).
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the brassica napus is used as a male parent in step (7).
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| CN105145330A (en) * | 2015-06-15 | 2015-12-16 | 浙江省农业科学院 | Breeding method and planting method for colored-flower rape used for creative agriculture |
| CN106386463A (en) * | 2016-09-18 | 2017-02-15 | 成都市农林科学院 | Method for culturing cabbage type rape with long ornamental period by collards |
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| US9474225B2 (en) * | 2014-06-13 | 2016-10-25 | Monsanto Technology Llc | Plants and seeds of canola variety SCV630541 |
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| CN105145330A (en) * | 2015-06-15 | 2015-12-16 | 浙江省农业科学院 | Breeding method and planting method for colored-flower rape used for creative agriculture |
| CN106386463A (en) * | 2016-09-18 | 2017-02-15 | 成都市农林科学院 | Method for culturing cabbage type rape with long ornamental period by collards |
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