CN109194078B - Double-layer permanent magnet composite magnetic circuit memory motor - Google Patents

Double-layer permanent magnet composite magnetic circuit memory motor Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109194078B
CN109194078B CN201811107064.6A CN201811107064A CN109194078B CN 109194078 B CN109194078 B CN 109194078B CN 201811107064 A CN201811107064 A CN 201811107064A CN 109194078 B CN109194078 B CN 109194078B
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permanent magnet
coercivity
double
magnetic circuit
shaped
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CN109194078A (en
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阳辉
林鹤云
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Southeast University
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Southeast University
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Priority to CN201811107064.6A priority Critical patent/CN109194078B/en
Publication of CN109194078A publication Critical patent/CN109194078A/en
Priority to PCT/CN2019/079176 priority patent/WO2020057081A1/en
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/12Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
    • H02K21/14Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating within the armatures
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2706Inner rotors
    • H02K1/272Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
    • H02K1/274Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
    • H02K1/2753Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets the rotor consisting of magnets or groups of magnets arranged with alternating polarity
    • H02K1/276Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM]
    • H02K1/2766Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM] having a flux concentration effect
    • H02K1/2773Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM] having a flux concentration effect consisting of tangentially magnetized radial magnets
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/02Details
    • H02K21/021Means for mechanical adjustment of the excitation flux
    • H02K21/022Means for mechanical adjustment of the excitation flux by modifying the relative position between field and armature, e.g. between rotor and stator
    • H02K21/023Means for mechanical adjustment of the excitation flux by modifying the relative position between field and armature, e.g. between rotor and stator by varying the amount of superposition, i.e. the overlap, of field and armature
    • H02K21/024Radial air gap machines
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2201/00Specific aspects not provided for in the other groups of this subclass relating to the magnetic circuits
    • H02K2201/03Machines characterised by aspects of the air-gap between rotor and stator

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Permanent Field Magnets Of Synchronous Machinery (AREA)
  • Permanent Magnet Type Synchronous Machine (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a double-layer permanent magnet composite magnetic circuit memory motor which comprises a mixed permanent magnet rotor, a stator, an armature winding and a rotating shaft, wherein the mixed permanent magnet rotor comprises a rotor core, a plurality of double-layer permanent magnet regions are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction of the rotor core, each double-layer permanent magnet region comprises a U-shaped mixed permanent magnet structure and a V-shaped permanent magnet structure, and each U-shaped mixed permanent magnet structure comprises a second high-coercivity and low-coercivity permanent magnet; the V-shaped permanent magnet structure comprises a first high-coercivity permanent magnet which is arranged in an opening of the U-shaped mixed permanent magnet structure, the openings of the U-shaped mixed permanent magnet structure and the V-shaped permanent magnet structure face the stator, and the low-coercivity permanent magnet and the second high-coercivity permanent magnet are in a parallel magnetic circuit and in a series magnetic circuit with the first high-coercivity permanent magnet. The invention combines the advantages of the parallel magnetic circuit type memory motor and the serial magnetic circuit type memory motor, can realize the improvement of the torque density of the motor, avoids the problem of low coercive force permanent magnet load demagnetization, and further widens the speed regulation range and the high efficiency operation interval of the motor.

Description

Double-layer permanent magnet composite magnetic circuit memory motor
Technical Field
The invention relates to a permanent magnet memory motor, in particular to a double-layer permanent magnet composite magnetic circuit memory motor, and belongs to the technical field of motors.
Background
The Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) adopts the traditional rare earth Permanent Magnet material with higher magnetic energy product (such as high coercivity), has the advantages of high power density, high efficiency, reliable operation, strong overload capacity and the like, and is an important development direction of motor disciplines. The PMSM can replace an electric excitation motor in the field of medium and small power due to the development of rare earth permanent magnet materials and power electronic technology, and further can be applied in various fields of aerospace, national defense, industrial and agricultural production and daily life in a large scale.
Because of the inherent characteristics of common permanent magnet materials (such as high coercivity), an air gap field in a common Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) basically keeps constant, the speed regulation range is very limited when the PMSM is used for electric operation, and the PMSM is applied to wide speed regulation direct drive occasions such as electric automobiles, aerospace and the like, so that the flux-adjustable permanent magnet motor which aims at realizing effective regulation of the air gap field of the permanent magnet motor is always a hotspot and a difficulty in the field of motor research. The permanent magnet memory motor (hereinafter referred to as "memory motor") is a novel magnetic flux controllable permanent magnet motor, which adopts a low-coercive force permanent magnet and generates a circumferential magnetic field through a stator winding or a direct current pulse winding so as to change the magnetization intensity of the permanent magnet and adjust an air gap magnetic field, and meanwhile, the permanent magnet has the characteristic that the magnetic density level can be memorized.
The conventional memory motor was proposed in 2001 by professor ostoviche (Ostovic) of the german electro-mechanical scholars of crohn's asia. The memory motor with the topological structure is developed from a write pole motor, and a rotor is of a sandwich structure formed by a low-coercivity permanent magnet, a nonmagnetic interlayer and a rotor iron core. The special structure can realize the on-line repeated irreversible charging and de-magnetizing of the permanent magnet at any time, and simultaneously reduces the influence of quadrature axis armature reaction on an air gap magnetic field. Most of the existing research focuses on an alternating current magnetism regulating type hybrid permanent magnet memory motor, namely, high coercivity and low coercivity permanent magnets are arranged on a rotor together, and a stator winding has two functions of power control and magnetism regulation. Research shows that the torque density of a single permanent magnet type can reach the level of the traditional surface-mounted permanent magnet motor, so that the motor is more suitable for the application occasions with higher power requirements, such as electric automobiles; however, the main problems of the hybrid permanent magnet memory motor are as follows: the parallel magnetic circuit type armature reaction easily causes the accidental demagnetization of the low-coercivity permanent magnet; the series magnetizing magnetomotive force needs to pass through two permanent magnets, so that the required full magnetizing current and the capacity of an inverter are increased, and the magnetic regulating range is narrow.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a double-layer permanent magnet composite magnetic circuit memory motor, which solves the problems that the magnetizing current requirement needs to be reduced, the power converter cost needs to be controlled, and the cross demagnetization of low-coercivity permanent magnets under load operation is serious in the conventional alternating current magnetic modulation type memory motor.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a double-layer permanent magnet composite magnetic circuit memory motor comprises a mixed permanent magnet rotor, a stator, an armature winding and a rotating shaft, wherein the armature winding is arranged on the stator, the stator is arranged outside the mixed permanent magnet rotor, the mixed permanent magnet rotor comprises a rotor core, the rotor core is arranged outside the rotating shaft, a plurality of double-layer permanent magnet regions are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction of the rotor core, each double-layer permanent magnet region comprises a U-shaped mixed permanent magnet structure and a V-shaped permanent magnet structure, two sides of a U shape are formed by second high-coercivity permanent magnets in the U-shaped mixed permanent magnet structure, the bottom of the U shape is formed by low-coercivity permanent magnets, the second high-coercivity permanent magnets and the low-coercivity permanent magnets form a parallel magnetic circuit, the opening of the U-shaped mixed permanent magnet structure faces the stator, the V-shaped permanent magnet structure is arranged in the opening of the U-shaped mixed permanent magnet, the V-shaped permanent magnet structure is characterized in that two sides of the V shape are formed by first high-coercivity permanent magnets, the first high-coercivity permanent magnets and the low-coercivity permanent magnets form a series magnetic circuit, and an opening of the V-shaped permanent magnet structure faces the stator.
Furthermore, a first air gap is arranged between the rotor core and the stator between the adjacent double-layer permanent magnet regions.
Further, a second air gap is arranged between the second high-coercivity permanent magnet and the first high-coercivity permanent magnet which are adjacent in the double-layer permanent magnet area, and the second air gap extends from the bottom of the U shape to the stator.
Furthermore, a third air gap is arranged between the second high-coercivity permanent magnet and the low-coercivity permanent magnet in the double-layer permanent magnet area.
Furthermore, two low-coercivity permanent magnets are arranged in the same double-layer permanent magnet area, and a fourth air gap is arranged between every two adjacent low-coercivity permanent magnets.
Furthermore, the U-shaped hybrid permanent magnet structure and the V-shaped hybrid permanent magnet structure have the same symmetry axis.
Further, the magnetizing directions of the first high-coercivity permanent magnet and the second high-coercivity permanent magnet are tangential to the circumference of the rotor core, the magnetizing direction of the low-coercivity permanent magnet is radial to the circumference of the rotor core, the magnetizing directions of the second high-coercivity permanent magnets on two sides of the U-shaped mixed permanent magnet structure are opposite, the magnetizing directions of the first high-coercivity permanent magnets on two sides of the V-shaped permanent magnet structure are opposite, and the magnetizing directions of the second high-coercivity permanent magnet and the first high-coercivity permanent magnet which are adjacent to each other in the double-layer permanent magnet region are the same.
Further, the magnetizing directions of the adjacent second high-coercivity permanent magnets between the adjacent double-layer permanent magnet areas are the same.
Furthermore, the number of the double-layer permanent magnet areas is even.
The technical scheme provided by the invention has the advantages that:
1. the composite magnetic circuit of the rotor adopts a double-layer structure, and both sides of the V-shaped high-coercivity permanent magnet can provide magnetizing and demagnetizing bypasses, so that the problems of low magnetic regulation efficiency, wide air gap magnetic field regulation range and the like of the traditional series connection type due to the fact that a pulse magnetic regulation field passes through two permanent magnets are solved;
2. the series magnetic circuit can stabilize the working point under the operation of the low-coercivity permanent magnet load, and can further improve the torque density of the motor;
3. the parallel magnetic circuits can ensure that most of the permanent magnetic field is short-circuited in the rotor when the field is weak, so that the magnetic regulation capacity is obviously improved;
4. the short-time pulse current is utilized to adjust magnetism, excitation copper loss is almost avoided, and the low-coercivity permanent magnet can be repeatedly charged and demagnetized on line.
5. The traditional vector control technology can still be used for reference for the drive magnetic regulation control strategy, and the controller is simple and easy to realize.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the motor of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a no-load magnetic field distribution diagram under the magnetizing operation of the invention.
Fig. 3 is a no-load magnetic field distribution diagram under the weak magnetic operation of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described in the following examples, which are intended to be illustrative only and not to be limiting as to the scope of the invention, which is to be given the full breadth of the appended claims and any and all equivalent modifications thereof which would occur to persons skilled in the art upon reading the present specification and which are intended to be within the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, the double-layer permanent magnet composite magnetic circuit memory motor according to the present embodiment includes a stator 1, an armature winding 4, a hybrid permanent magnet rotor 2, and a non-magnetic conductive rotating shaft 3. The stator sets up in mixed permanent magnet rotor outside, and the stator includes stator core tooth 1.1, stator yoke 1.2 and establishes armature winding 4 on the stator core tooth, and stator core tooth 1.1 sets up between stator yoke 1.2 and mixed permanent magnet rotor 2, forms cavity 1.3 between adjacent stator core tooth 1.1 for place the three-phase armature winding 4 of winding on stator core tooth 1.1.
The hybrid permanent magnet rotor 2 comprises a rotor core 2.1, the rotor core 2.1 is arranged outside the non-magnetic-conductive rotating shaft 3, and a plurality of even double-layer permanent magnet regions are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction of the rotor core 2.1. And a first air gap 5 is arranged between the rotor core 2.1 and the stator 1 between the adjacent double-layer permanent magnet regions.
The double-layer permanent magnetic area comprises a U-shaped mixed permanent magnetic structure and a V-shaped permanent magnetic structure. The U-shaped hybrid permanent magnet structure and the V-shaped hybrid permanent magnet structure have the same symmetry axis. The V-shaped permanent magnet structure is composed of a first high coercive force permanent magnet 2.2, and the U-shaped hybrid permanent magnet structure is composed of a low coercive force permanent magnet 2.4 and a second high coercive force permanent magnet 2.3.
The opening of the U-shaped hybrid permanent magnet structure faces the stator 1, the U-shaped hybrid permanent magnet structure is composed of second high-coercivity permanent magnets 2.3 on two sides of the U shape, low-coercivity permanent magnets 2.4 are composed of the bottom of the U shape, a third air gap 6 is arranged between each second high-coercivity permanent magnet 2.3 and each low-coercivity permanent magnet 2.4, and a fourth air gap 7 is arranged between adjacent low-coercivity permanent magnets 2.4. The low coercive force permanent magnet 2.4 can be magnetized in two directions so as to realize flexible on-line adjustment of an air gap magnetic field, and the second high coercive force permanent magnet 2.3 and the low coercive force permanent magnet 2.4 are in parallel connection on a magnetic circuit.
The opening of the V-shaped permanent magnet structure faces the stator 1, the V-shaped permanent magnet structure is arranged in the opening of the U-shaped mixed permanent magnet structure, and the V-shaped permanent magnet structure comprises two first high-coercivity permanent magnets 2.2 which form two sides of a V shape. The first high coercive force permanent magnet 2.2 and the low coercive force permanent magnet 2.4 form a series magnetic circuit, and play a role in stabilizing the working point of the low coercive force permanent magnet 2.4. A second air gap 2.5 is arranged between the adjacent second high-coercivity permanent magnet 2.3 and the first high-coercivity permanent magnet 2.2 in the double-layer permanent magnet area, and the second air gap 2.5 extends from the bottom of the U shape to the stator 1.
The magnetizing directions of the first high-coercivity permanent magnet 2.2 and the second high-coercivity permanent magnet 2.3 are tangential to the circumference of the rotor core 2.1, and the magnetizing direction of the low-coercivity permanent magnet 2.4 is radial to the circumference of the rotor core. The magnetizing directions of the second high-coercivity permanent magnets 2.3 on both sides of the U-shaped hybrid permanent magnet structure are opposite, and the magnetizing directions of the first high-coercivity permanent magnets 2.2 on both sides of the V-shaped hybrid permanent magnet structure are opposite. The adjacent second high coercive force permanent magnet 2.3 and the first high coercive force permanent magnet 2.2 in the double-layer permanent magnet region have the same magnetizing direction. The adjacent second high-coercivity permanent magnets 2.3 of adjacent double-layer permanent magnet zones have the same direction of magnetization.
The invention discloses a double-layer permanent magnet composite magnetic circuit memory motor, which has the following operation principle:
the permanent magnetic flux starts from the north pole of a first high-coercivity permanent magnet 2.2 of a V-shaped permanent magnet structure, and a part of the magnetic flux passes through a rotor core 2.1, passes through an air gap, reaches the teeth of a stator 1.1, passes through a stator yoke 1.2, returns to the south pole of the first high-coercivity permanent magnet 2.2 in the same path, and then passes through a low-coercivity permanent magnet 2.4 to realize the load stabilization effect; while the other part of the magnetic field passes through the second high coercivity permanent magnet 2.3, implementing a magnetic field loop. Considering the magnetization direction of the low-coercivity permanent magnet 2.4 at the moment, if the magnetization direction of the low-coercivity permanent magnet 2.4 is the same as that of the second high-coercivity permanent magnet 2.3 along the radial direction, the low-coercivity permanent magnet 2.4 is in a magnetism increasing state at the moment, and the magnetic fluxes of the three permanent magnets flow in the same direction after being superposed; if the low coercive force permanent magnet 2.4 is magnetized in the opposite direction in the radial direction to the second high coercive force permanent magnet 2.3, the low coercive force permanent magnet 2.4 is in a weak magnetic state, and most of the magnetic flux of the low coercive force permanent magnet is short-circuited with the magnetic flux of the first high coercive force permanent magnet 2.2 inside the rotor 2. Meanwhile, three-phase alternating current with the same rotating speed as the rotor 2 is introduced into the motor armature winding 4, and the rotating magnetic fields formed by the stator and the rotor interact with each other, so that electromechanical energy conversion is realized. The added air gap structures can weaken the cross coupling demagnetization effect of the high-coercivity permanent magnet on the low-coercivity permanent magnet and stabilize the working point of the low-coercivity permanent magnet.

Claims (9)

1. A double-layer permanent magnet composite magnetic circuit memory motor is characterized by comprising a mixed permanent magnet rotor, a stator, an armature winding and a rotating shaft, wherein the armature winding is arranged on the stator, the stator is arranged outside the mixed permanent magnet rotor, the mixed permanent magnet rotor comprises a rotor core, the rotor core is arranged outside the rotating shaft, a plurality of double-layer permanent magnet regions are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction of the rotor core, each double-layer permanent magnet region comprises a U-shaped mixed permanent magnet structure and a V-shaped permanent magnet structure, two sides of a U shape are formed by second high-coercivity permanent magnets in the U-shaped mixed permanent magnet structure, the bottom of the U shape is formed by low-coercivity permanent magnets, the second high-coercivity permanent magnets and the low-coercivity permanent magnets form a parallel magnetic circuit, an opening of the U-shaped mixed permanent magnet structure faces the stator, the V-shaped permanent magnet structure is arranged in the opening of the U-shaped mixed permanent magnet structure, the V-shaped permanent magnet structure is characterized in that two sides of the V shape are formed by first high-coercivity permanent magnets, the first high-coercivity permanent magnets and the low-coercivity permanent magnets form a series magnetic circuit, and an opening of the V-shaped permanent magnet structure faces the stator.
2. The double-layer permanent magnet composite magnetic circuit memory motor according to claim 1, wherein a first air gap is provided between the rotor core and the stator between the adjacent double-layer permanent magnet regions.
3. The double-layer permanent magnet composite magnetic circuit memory motor according to claim 1, wherein a second air gap is provided between the adjacent second high-coercivity permanent magnet and the first high-coercivity permanent magnet in the double-layer permanent magnet region, and the second air gap extends from the bottom of the U-shape to the stator.
4. The double-layer permanent magnet composite magnetic circuit memory motor according to claim 1, wherein a third air gap is provided between the second high-coercivity permanent magnet and the low-coercivity permanent magnet in the double-layer permanent magnet region.
5. The double-layer permanent magnet composite magnetic circuit memory motor according to claim 1, wherein two low-coercivity permanent magnets are arranged in the double-layer permanent magnet region, and a fourth air gap is arranged between the adjacent low-coercivity permanent magnets.
6. The double-layer permanent magnet composite magnetic circuit memory motor according to claim 1, wherein the U-shaped hybrid permanent magnet structure and the V-shaped hybrid permanent magnet structure have the same symmetry axis.
7. The double-layer permanent magnet composite magnetic circuit memory motor according to claim 1, wherein the magnetizing directions of the first high-coercivity permanent magnet and the second high-coercivity permanent magnet are tangential to the circumference of the rotor core, the magnetizing direction of the low-coercivity permanent magnet is radial to the circumference of the rotor core, the magnetizing directions of the second high-coercivity permanent magnets on two sides of the U-shaped hybrid permanent magnet structure are opposite, the magnetizing directions of the first high-coercivity permanent magnets on two sides of the V-shaped hybrid permanent magnet structure are opposite, and the magnetizing directions of the adjacent second high-coercivity permanent magnet and the first high-coercivity permanent magnet in the double-layer permanent magnet region are the same.
8. The double-layer permanent magnet composite magnetic circuit memory motor according to claim 1, wherein the magnetizing directions of the adjacent second high-coercivity permanent magnets between the adjacent double-layer permanent magnet regions are the same.
9. The double-layer permanent magnet composite magnetic circuit memory motor according to claim 1, wherein an even number of the double-layer permanent magnet zones are provided.
CN201811107064.6A 2018-09-21 2018-09-21 Double-layer permanent magnet composite magnetic circuit memory motor Active CN109194078B (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201811107064.6A CN109194078B (en) 2018-09-21 2018-09-21 Double-layer permanent magnet composite magnetic circuit memory motor
PCT/CN2019/079176 WO2020057081A1 (en) 2018-09-21 2019-03-22 Double-layer permanent magnet compound magnetic circuit memory motor

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201811107064.6A CN109194078B (en) 2018-09-21 2018-09-21 Double-layer permanent magnet composite magnetic circuit memory motor

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CN109194078B true CN109194078B (en) 2020-04-24

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CN109194078B (en) * 2018-09-21 2020-04-24 东南大学 Double-layer permanent magnet composite magnetic circuit memory motor
CN109936230A (en) * 2019-03-28 2019-06-25 东南大学 A kind of series circuit type two-layer hybrid permanent magnetism memory electrical machine
CN109980878A (en) * 2019-04-08 2019-07-05 哈尔滨工业大学 The U-shaped series-parallel adjustable flux permanent magnet synchronous motor of mixed magnetic circuit of internal type V-
CN109831083A (en) * 2019-04-08 2019-05-31 哈尔滨工业大学 The built-in U-shaped series-parallel adjustable flux permanent magnet synchronous motor of mixed magnetic circuit of "-" type-
CN110034624A (en) * 2019-05-20 2019-07-19 珠海格力节能环保制冷技术研究中心有限公司 Rotor, motor and mechanical structure
CN111463940B (en) * 2020-06-19 2020-11-06 宁波海特技术转移有限公司 Built-in magnet steel permanent magnet motor rotor, motor and vehicle
CN111969742B (en) * 2020-08-03 2022-04-26 东南大学 Series-parallel magnetic pole type hybrid permanent magnet memory motor
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