CN104795951A - Magnetic flux controllable axial magnetic field mixed hybrid permanent magnet memory motor - Google Patents
Magnetic flux controllable axial magnetic field mixed hybrid permanent magnet memory motor Download PDFInfo
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- CN104795951A CN104795951A CN201510224426.XA CN201510224426A CN104795951A CN 104795951 A CN104795951 A CN 104795951A CN 201510224426 A CN201510224426 A CN 201510224426A CN 104795951 A CN104795951 A CN 104795951A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a magnetic flux controllable axial magnetic field mixed hybrid permanent magnet memory motor comprising two rotor discs, a stator and an installation shaft. NdFeB permanent magnets and iron core poles, which are arrayed in inner and outer circles at intervals alternately, are bonded to the inner surfaces of the rotor discs; the NdFeB permanent magnets are magnetized axially, the polarities of the NdFeB permanent magnets of the outer circle are the same, the polarities of the NdFeB permanent magnets of the inner circle are opposite to those of the NdFeB permanent magnets of the outer circle, and the magnetizing directions of the NdFeB permanent magnets arranged in corresponded positions of two rotor discs are the same; the stator comprises a stator iron core, a three-phase armature winding and a single-phase pulse winding. The motor has high power density and wide rotating speed operation range and is adaptive to relevant drive occasions of low axial size requirements, compacted structure and flux weakening requirements.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to magneto technical field, the axial magnetic field hybrid permanent magnet memory electrical machine that particularly a kind of magnetic flux is controlled.
Background technology
Along with improving constantly of rare earth permanent-magnetic material performance, be able to fast development with the magneto that high efficiency, high power density are notable feature, be applied widely at a lot of industrial circle such as Aeronautics and Astronautics, automobile.In various magneto, axial magnetic field permanent magnet motor, be also called disc type electric machine, not only there is the features such as axial dimension is short, volume is little, compact conformation, and due to its high torque density and high efficiency, in a lot of particular application, there is obvious superiority, become the focus of research, be mainly used in motion control, be specially adapted to axial dimension requirement less and have a large torque-demand directly drive occasion, as hub motor for electric automobile.
As the permagnetic synchronous motor driven, wish that the air-gap field of machine operation when low speed permanent torque district is enough high, have higher energy index; And machine operation is when high speed constant power district, air-gap field should be able to be made to weaken enough low, make motor have wider speed adjustable range.Conventional axial magnetic field permanent magnet synchronous machine is due to the inherent characteristic of the permanent magnetic materials such as neodymium iron boron, and in motor, air-gap field keeps constant substantially, limits it directly drives occasion application in wide range speed controls such as such as electric automobiles.Current people are in order to keep magneto output-constant operation in wider velocity interval, and the numerous and confused weak magnetism speed expansion technology that adopts expands magneto power output at high speeds.In prior art, two kinds are mainly contained to the scheme that magneto realizes weak magnetics detect, one is regulate armature supply by controller, utilize the demagnetization magnetic potential of direct-axis current component generation in armature winding to remove to offset the excitation magnetic potential of a part of permanent magnet generation, thus reach the object weakening main flux; Two is adopt composite excitation scheme, namely on the basis of conventional permanent magnet motor, increases a direct-flow magnet exciting coil again, and the magnetomotive force that this DC coil produces more than base speed, as demagnetization magnetic potential, reaches the object weakening magnetic flux.Although such scheme can reach the object weakening magnetic flux, need to increase controller or direct-flow magnet exciting coil, the increase of copper loss can be caused, and then cause system to reduce in high velocity efficiency, and permanent magnet irreversible demagnetization may be caused.
Therefore, how to realize the adjustable study hotspot becoming machine field in recent years of air-gap field of magneto, one realizes air-gap field adjustment by changing permanent magnet magnetization level, is called as variable flux permanent magnet motor truly.Such motor adopts the permanent magnetic material of high remanent magnetism, low-coercivity--aluminium nickel cobalt, utilize the d-axis armature magnetomotive force of DC pulse winding current or the generation of threephase stator winding current to control its magnetization, and its level of magnetization can be remembered, thus realize the flexible in air gap permanent magnet magnetic field, do not sacrificing under other performance index prerequisites of motor, achieving wide speed regulating range and run.Adjustable magnetic due to this motor is the magnetized state directly changing permanent magnet, instead of utilizes additional magnetomotive force to offset, and therefore can be described as the magneto that a kind of magnetic flux is truly controlled.
Southeast China University's woods crane cloud etc. proposes a kind of axial magnetic field Magneticflux-switching type surface-mount type permanent magnetism memory electrical machine, though this motor by applying different electric current on monophasic pulses if winding, realize motor gas-gap magnetic field adjustable, but this motor use only the relatively low Al-Ni-Co permanent magnet of coercive force, the maximum air gap magnetic flux of motor is difficult to the level reaching Nd-Fe-B permanent-magnet motor, and motor energy index is not fully up to expectations; Or in order to obtain enough magnetic fluxs, must adopt thicker permanent magnetic material, and increase magnetic and degaussing magnetic flux again by the air gap of motor, this just causes required adjustable magnetic pulsed magnetic kinetic potential comparatively large, increases coil volume.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is the axial magnetic field hybrid permanent magnet memory electrical machine overcoming the deficiencies in the prior art and provide a kind of magnetic flux controlled, provide and a kind ofly possess the controlled hybrid permanent magnet memory electrical machine of more high power density and magnetic flux, this motor not only meets the requirement of hub motor for electric automobile weak magnetism speed expansion, and can obtain higher energy index simultaneously.
The present invention is for solving the problems of the technologies described above by the following technical solutions:
The axial magnetic field hybrid permanent magnet memory electrical machine controlled according to a kind of magnetic flux of the present invention's proposition, comprise two rotor disks, stator and installation shaft, two rotor disks are symmetricly set on the both sides of stator, and stator and two rotor disks are coaxially installed on the mounting shaft; It is characterized in that, the inner surface of described rotor disk is pasted with the Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet of inside and outside two circle alternate intervals arrangements and pole unshakable in one's determination respectively, wherein, Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet axial charging, on outer ring, the polarity of Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet is consistent, on inner ring, the polarity of Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet is contrary with the polarity of Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet on outer ring, and on two rotor disks, the Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet magnetizing direction of relative position is identical.
As the further prioritization scheme of axial magnetic field hybrid permanent magnet memory electrical machine that a kind of magnetic flux of the present invention is controlled, described stator comprises stator core, threephase armature winding and monophasic pulses if winding; Stator core is bilateral symmetry, and stator core comprises stator yoke and stator tooth, and stator tooth is assembled into cylindric together with stator yoke, forms stator slot between adjacent stator tooth; Threephase armature winding and monophasic pulses if winding be arranged in stator slot and circle around on the stator teeth.
As the further prioritization scheme of axial magnetic field hybrid permanent magnet memory electrical machine that a kind of magnetic flux of the present invention is controlled, described stator core is made up of silicon steel sheet.
As the further prioritization scheme of axial magnetic field hybrid permanent magnet memory electrical machine that a kind of magnetic flux of the present invention is controlled, on described stator tooth, interval secures Al-Ni-Co permanent magnet, define the stator permanent magnet tooth and stator core tooth that are alternately arranged, threephase armature winding turns is around in stator core tooth, and monophasic pulses if winding turns is around on stator permanent magnet tooth.
As the further prioritization scheme of axial magnetic field hybrid permanent magnet memory electrical machine that a kind of magnetic flux of the present invention is controlled, the magnetized state of described Al-Ni-Co permanent magnet is determined by the pulse current size and Orientation of monophasic pulses if winding.
As the further prioritization scheme of axial magnetic field hybrid permanent magnet memory electrical machine that a kind of magnetic flux of the present invention is controlled, described Al-Ni-Co permanent magnet is fan shape and is axial charging.
As the further prioritization scheme of axial magnetic field hybrid permanent magnet memory electrical machine that a kind of magnetic flux of the present invention is controlled, described threephase armature winding and monophasic pulses if winding all adopt non-overlapped concentratred winding pattern.
As the further prioritization scheme of axial magnetic field hybrid permanent magnet memory electrical machine that a kind of magnetic flux of the present invention is controlled, described Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet is identical with the quantity of pole unshakable in one's determination.
As the further prioritization scheme of axial magnetic field hybrid permanent magnet memory electrical machine that a kind of magnetic flux of the present invention is controlled, described rotor disk is made up of non-magnet material.
As the further prioritization scheme of axial magnetic field hybrid permanent magnet memory electrical machine that a kind of magnetic flux of the present invention is controlled, the shape of described Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet and pole unshakable in one's determination is all in fan-shaped, and the same radial direction on rotor disk is Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet and pole unshakable in one's determination respectively.
The present invention adopts above technical scheme compared with prior art, has following technique effect:
(1) advantage of disc-type permanent magnet motor and memory electrical machine concentrated by the motor that the present invention proposes, Al-Ni-Co permanent magnet and monophasic pulses if winding is added in stator structure, regulated the magnetized state of Al-Ni-Co permanent magnet by control impuls size of current and direction, thus regulate the air-gap field of motor; Meanwhile, electric machine structure of the present invention remains disc-type permanent magnet motor compact conformation, feature that leakage field is little, easily manufactured, be well suited for the occasion being applied to slim installation, as Wheel hub for electric automobile drive motors etc.;
(2) rotor disk inner surface of the present invention is divided into inside and outside two circles, regularly paste high-performance Ne-Fe-B permanent magnet and pole unshakable in one's determination, compared to the memory electrical machine of single employing compared with the Al-Ni-Co permanent magnet of low-coercivity, the maximum air gap magnetic flux of motor and torque density are greatly enhanced;
(3) rotor disk of the present invention surface iron core very pulse current provide a low magnetic resistance magnetic flux path, thus make Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet not by this influence of magnetic field;
(4) the threephase armature winding of motor of the present invention and monophasic pulses if winding all adopt concentratred winding pattern, significantly reduce tip lengths, save copper conductor material;
(5) on rotor of the present invention and stator, permanent magnet all adopts surface-mount type structure, adopts anaerobic adhesive that permanent magnet is pasted on panel surface, easily manufactured, considerably reduces the leakage field of motor, improves the utilance of permanent magnet; Meanwhile, surface-mount type mounting means is conducive to the heat radiation of motor permanent magnetic material, reduces heat waste, improves the operational efficiency of motor further.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of motor embodiment of the present invention: wherein, and (a) is the first rotor dish, and (b) is stator, and (c) is the second rotor disk.
Fig. 2 is the running status plane outspread drawing of motor of the present invention.
Reference numeral in figure is interpreted as: 1-rotor disk, 2-Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet, 3-pole unshakable in one's determination, 4-stator core, 5-stator permanent magnet tooth, 6-stator core tooth, 7-threephase armature winding, 8-monophasic pulses if winding.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, technical scheme of the present invention is described in further detail:
Fig. 1 is the three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of motor embodiment of the present invention: (a) in Fig. 1 is the first rotor dish, is arranged on the side of stator, and (b) in Fig. 1 is stator, and (c) in Fig. 1 is the second rotor disk, is arranged on the opposite side of stator.The axial magnetic field hybrid permanent magnet memory electrical machine that magnetic flux is controlled, comprise two rotor disks 1, stator and installation shaft, two rotor disks are symmetricly set on the both sides of stator, and stator and two rotor disks are coaxially installed on the mounting shaft; The inner surface of described rotor disk is pasted with Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet 2 and the pole unshakable in one's determination 3 of inside and outside two circle alternate intervals arrangements respectively, namely be be pasted with the Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet of inside and outside two circle alternate intervals arrangements and pole unshakable in one's determination by the center of circle successively to circumferencial direction on the inner surface of described rotor disk, wherein, Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet axial charging, on outer ring, the polarity of Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet is consistent, on inner ring, the polarity of Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet is contrary with the polarity of Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet on outer ring, and on two rotor disks, the Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet magnetizing direction of relative position is identical.
Described stator comprises stator core 4, threephase armature winding and monophasic pulses if winding; Stator core is bilateral symmetry, and stator core comprises stator yoke and stator tooth, and stator tooth is assembled into cylindric together with stator yoke, forms stator slot between adjacent stator tooth; Threephase armature winding 7 and monophasic pulses if winding 8 be arranged in stator slot and circle around on the stator teeth.
Described stator core is made up of silicon steel sheet.
On described stator tooth, interval secures Al-Ni-Co permanent magnet, defines the stator permanent magnet tooth 5 and stator core tooth 6 that are alternately arranged, and threephase armature winding turns is around in stator core tooth, and monophasic pulses if winding turns is around on stator permanent magnet tooth.
The magnetized state of described Al-Ni-Co permanent magnet is determined by the pulse current size and Orientation of monophasic pulses if winding.The pulse current size and Orientation of described monophasic pulses if winding determines the magnetized state of Al-Ni-Co permanent magnet, thus controls the power of motor gas-gap resultant magnetic field.
Described Al-Ni-Co permanent magnet is fan shape and is axial charging.
As preferably, described threephase armature winding and monophasic pulses if winding all adopt non-overlapped concentratred winding pattern, and winding termination portion is shorter, and consumption is few, and copper loss is few, and this kind of winding type simple structure, easy to process.
Described Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet is identical with the quantity of pole unshakable in one's determination.
Described rotor disk is made up of non-magnet material.
The shape of described Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet and pole unshakable in one's determination is all in fan-shaped, and the same radial direction on rotor disk is Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet and pole unshakable in one's determination respectively.
Described stator is arranged between two rotor disks, and form axially two air gap motor, stator and rotor disk are coaxially installed, and form three tray type structure of external rotor dish internal stator; The structure of described two rotor disks is identical, and is symmetrical arranged about described stator; Described rotor disk inner surface is divided into two circles: inside and outside two circles, are pasted with 8 pieces of fan-shaped Nd-Fe-B permanent magnets and 8 pieces of segment core poles respectively; Described Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet axial charging, leaves space between permanent magnet and pole unshakable in one's determination, is spaced, and the permanent magnet polarity of outer ring is all the same, and in contrast, two permanent magnet magnetizing directions relative on two rotors are identical for the permanent magnet polarity of inner ring.
Described stator core comprises stator yoke and stator tooth, on 16 stator tooths, interval secures 8 pieces of fan shape Al-Ni-Co permanent magnets, define the rule that 8 stator permanent magnet teeth and 8 stator core tooth are alternately arranged, between adjacent stator permanent magnet tooth and stator core tooth, form stator slot; Described threephase armature winding and monophasic pulses if winding are arranged in stator slot, and threephase armature winding turns is around in stator core tooth, and monophasic pulses if winding turns is around in stator core tooth.
Wherein: rotor disk 1 adopts non-magnet material to make, inner surface is divided into inside and outside two circles, secure 16 pieces of Nd-Fe-B permanent magnets 2 and 16 pieces of poles 3 unshakable in one's determination altogether, all in fan shape, gap is left in centre, be spaced, 8 pieces of Nd-Fe-B permanent magnets 2 of the inner ring that namely coexists (or outer ring) and 8 pieces of poles 3 unshakable in one's determination are spaced, and the inner ring of same radial direction and outer ring fix Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet 2 and pole unshakable in one's determination 3 respectively.Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet axial charging, 8 pieces, outer ring Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet magnetizing direction is consistent, and inner ring 8 pieces of Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet magnetizing directions are contrary with outer ring, and two Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet magnetizing directions relative on two rotors are identical.
Wherein: stator core 4 is made up of silicon steel sheet, be assembled into cylindric together with stator yoke by stator tooth, stator tooth protrudes to rotor direction; On 16 stator tooths, interval secures 8 pieces of fan-shaped Al-Ni-Co permanent magnets, defines 8 stator permanent magnet teeth 5 and 8 stator core tooth 6, is alternately arranged.Form stator slot between adjacent stator tooth, stator threephase armature concentratred winding 7 and monophasic pulses if winding 8 are all put in stator slot, and threephase armature winding 7 circle is around in stator core tooth 6, and monophasic pulses if winding 8 circle is around on stator permanent magnet tooth 5.
The permanent magnetism memory electrical machine operation principle of said structure is as follows:
As shown in Figure 2, in motor operation course, the Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet 2 that rotor disk 1 inner surface is pasted produces constant direction magnetic field, as shown in solid line closed loop in Fig. 2, constant flux is from rotor disk outer ring (N pole) permanent magnet, through air gap, stator tooth, stator yoke, stator tooth, air gap, get back to rotor disk inner ring (S pole), so form a closed magnetic circuit; And the Al-Ni-Co permanent magnet magnetized state that stator permanent magnet tooth 5 is pasted controlled around the size of current of monophasic pulses if winding 8 on the stator teeth and direction by circle, as shown in dotted line closed loop in Fig. 2, controllable flux is from stator Al-Ni-Co permanent magnet, through stator yoke, adjacent stators Al-Ni-Co permanent magnet, air gap, rotor inner ring pole unshakable in one's determination, pole unshakable in one's determination, rotor outer ring, air gap, get back to Al-Ni-Co permanent magnet, so form the closed magnetic circuit of a controllable flux.When passing through to apply direct impulse electric current to monophasic pulses if winding, magnetize to Al-Ni-Co permanent magnet, when making its direction of magnetization consistent with Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet magnetic direction, motor reaches maximum air gap flux density; In underloading or when needing high-speed cruising, applying opposite direction pulse current is to Al-Ni-Co permanent magnet degaussing and even oppositely magnetize, and to reduce the magnetic flux of even offsetting Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet and producing, and then reaches the effect of weak magnetism speed expansion.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention; it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the axial magnetic field hybrid permanent magnet memory electrical machine that magnetic flux is controlled, comprise two rotor disks, stator and installation shaft, two rotor disks are symmetricly set on the both sides of stator, and stator and two rotor disks are coaxially installed on the mounting shaft; It is characterized in that, the inner surface of described rotor disk is pasted with the Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet of inside and outside two circle alternate intervals arrangements and pole unshakable in one's determination respectively, wherein, Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet axial charging, on outer ring, the polarity of Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet is consistent, on inner ring, the polarity of Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet is contrary with the polarity of Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet on outer ring, and on two rotor disks, the Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet magnetizing direction of relative position is identical.
2. the axial magnetic field hybrid permanent magnet memory electrical machine that a kind of magnetic flux according to claim 1 is controlled, is characterized in that, described stator comprises stator core, threephase armature winding and monophasic pulses if winding; Stator core is bilateral symmetry, and stator core comprises stator yoke and stator tooth, and stator tooth is assembled into cylindric together with stator yoke, forms stator slot between adjacent stator tooth; Threephase armature winding and monophasic pulses if winding be arranged in stator slot and circle around on the stator teeth.
3. the axial magnetic field hybrid permanent magnet memory electrical machine that a kind of magnetic flux according to claim 2 is controlled, is characterized in that, described stator core is made up of silicon steel sheet.
4. the axial magnetic field hybrid permanent magnet memory electrical machine that a kind of magnetic flux according to claim 2 is controlled, it is characterized in that, on described stator tooth, interval secures Al-Ni-Co permanent magnet, define the stator permanent magnet tooth and stator core tooth that are alternately arranged, threephase armature winding turns is around in stator core tooth, and monophasic pulses if winding turns is around on stator permanent magnet tooth.
5. the axial magnetic field hybrid permanent magnet memory electrical machine that a kind of magnetic flux according to claim 4 is controlled, is characterized in that, the magnetized state of described Al-Ni-Co permanent magnet is determined by the pulse current size and Orientation of monophasic pulses if winding.
6. the axial magnetic field hybrid permanent magnet memory electrical machine that a kind of magnetic flux according to claim 4 is controlled, is characterized in that, described Al-Ni-Co permanent magnet is fan shape and is axial charging.
7. the axial magnetic field hybrid permanent magnet memory electrical machine that a kind of magnetic flux according to claim 2 is controlled, is characterized in that, described threephase armature winding and monophasic pulses if winding all adopt non-overlapped concentratred winding pattern.
8. the axial magnetic field hybrid permanent magnet memory electrical machine that a kind of magnetic flux according to claim 1 is controlled, it is characterized in that, described Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet is identical with the quantity of pole unshakable in one's determination.
9. the axial magnetic field hybrid permanent magnet memory electrical machine that a kind of magnetic flux according to claim 1 is controlled, is characterized in that, described rotor disk is made up of non-magnet material.
10. the axial magnetic field hybrid permanent magnet memory electrical machine that a kind of magnetic flux according to claim 1 is controlled, it is characterized in that, the shape of described Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet and pole unshakable in one's determination is all in fan-shaped, and the same radial direction on rotor disk is Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet and pole unshakable in one's determination respectively.
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| CN106357076A (en) * | 2016-09-14 | 2017-01-25 | 南京信息工程大学 | Halbach magnetic-gathering axial magnetic field mixed permanent-magnetic memory motor |
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