CN103051138B - Multi-tooth magnetic flux switching permanent magnetic memory motor - Google Patents

Multi-tooth magnetic flux switching permanent magnetic memory motor Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103051138B
CN103051138B CN201210559055.7A CN201210559055A CN103051138B CN 103051138 B CN103051138 B CN 103051138B CN 201210559055 A CN201210559055 A CN 201210559055A CN 103051138 B CN103051138 B CN 103051138B
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stator
winding
permanent magnet
magnetic
pulse
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CN103051138A (en
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林鹤云
阳辉
颜建虎
黄允凯
房淑华
金平
张洋
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Southeast University
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Southeast University
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Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-tooth magnetic flux switching permanent magnetic memory motor comprising a casing, and a stator, a rotor (2) and a non-magnetic conduction rotating shaft (8) which are contained in the casing; the stator (1) is arranged outside the rotor (2); the rotor (2) is fixedly arranged on the non-magnetic conduction rotating shaft (8), and is of a salient pole type; the stator comprises a stator iron core (1), permanent magnetic bodies (3), a three-phase armature winding (4) and pulse windings (5); the stator iron core (1) comprises a plurality of stator yokes and stator poles which are protruded from the stator yokes to the center of the stator iron core; the three-phase armature winding (4) is wound on the stator poles; the permanent magnetic bodies (3) are embedded in the stator poles; cavities (6) are arranged between the permanent magnetic bodies (3) and the non-magnetic conduction rotating shaft (8); the pulse windings (5) are arranged in the cavities (6); and magnetic conduction bridges (7) are arranged between the pulse windings (5) and the casing. According to the multi-tooth magnetic flux switching permanent magnetic memory motor, the weak magnetic capability of the rotating speed operation scope of the motor are improved, and the air gap flux density of the motor is improved.

Description

A kind of multiple tooth Magneticflux-switching type permanent magnetism memory electrical machine
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of adjustable magnetic flow permanent magnet motor, be specifically related to a kind of novel Magneticflux-switching type permanent magnetism memory electrical machine, it can improve the weak magnetic energy power of motor, is applicable to wide range speed control and runs occasion, belong to technical field of motor manufacture.
Background technology
In machine field, common permagnetic synchronous motor (PMSM) is due to the inherent characteristic of common permanent magnetic material (as neodymium iron boron), air-gap field in motor keeps constant substantially, very limited as speed adjustable range during electric operation, at such as electric automobile, the application that occasion is directly driven in the wide range speed controls such as Aero-Space is subject to a definite limitation, therefore is focus and the difficult point in motor research field with the adjustable magnetic flow permanent magnet motor being effectively adjusted to target of the air-gap field realizing magneto always.Permanent magnetism memory electrical machine (hereinafter referred to as " memory electrical machine ") is a kind of novel magnetic flux controllable type magneto, it adopts low-coercivity Al-Ni-Co permanent magnet, Circumferential field is produced by stator winding or DC pulse winding, thus change permanent magnet magnetization intensity regulates air-gap field, the close level of magnetic of permanent magnet has the advantages that to be remembered by permanent magnet simultaneously.
Traditional memory electrical machine is taught by Croatia descendants Germany's motor scholar Ao Situoweiqi (Ostovic) and is proposed in calendar year 2001.The memory electrical machine of this topological structure develops by writing pole type motor, and rotor is by Al-Ni-Co permanent magnet, non-magnetic interlayer and rotor core sandwich structure consisting.This special construction can carry out online repeatedly irreversiblely filling degaussing to permanent magnet at any time, reduces quadrature axis armature reaction to the impact of air-gap field simultaneously.
But the rotor structure of the memory electrical machine of this basic structure also exists deficiency.Owing to have employed AlNiCo permanent magnet, in order to obtain enough magnetic fluxs, the material of adequate thickness just must be adopted.And under above-mentioned tangential structure, not easily realize; Meanwhile, rotor must do every magnetic treatment, and whole rotor is fastened on axle by multiple part, reduces Mechanical Reliability; Finally, needing the occasion of wide range speed control, as in lathe and electric automobile, adopt the permanent magnetism air gap main flux of said structure not high, motor energy index can not be satisfactory.
In the last few years, a kind of novel stator permanent magnetic type electric-magnetic flux switches permanent magnetism (Switched FluxPermanent Magnet, hereinafter referred to as SFPM) motor due to the performance of its brilliance and is subject to Chinese scholars extensive concern.SFPM motor has the advantage such as the high and simple structure, high reliability of sine degree of high power density, high, the unloaded magnetic linkage bipolarity of efficiency, unloaded induced electromotive force.In permagnetic synchronous motor field, SFPM motor has replaced traditional built-in and surface-mounted permanent magnet machine gradually, has larger industrial value in fields such as aviations.
But traditional SFPM electric machine rotor iron core also exists magnetic hysteresis loss and eddy current loss, and air-gap field is produced by permanent magnet excitation, be difficult to regulate, limit it drives occasion application in electric automobile wide range speed control; Secondly also there is leakage field problem, permanent magnet utilance is not high, causes electromagnetic compatibility problem.
France scholar Rahm Emanuel. yellow (E.Hoang) proposes mixed excited magnetic pass and switches permanent magnetism (HybridExcitation Switched Flux Permanent Magnet, hereinafter referred to as HESFPM) motor.It is characterized by: the controllability achieving air-gap field, improve permanent magnet utilance and power density, the advantages such as cogging torque is little; This motor excitation magnetic potential and permanent magnetic potential parallel connection, make its weak magnetic energy power very outstanding.But this motor exists two magnetic potential sources, and both magnetic fluxs easily intercouple, influence each other, and increases the complexity of electromagnetic property simultaneously, and existence increases excitation loss, Control System for Exciting Current realizes the weakness such as difficulty is large.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem: inventing technical problem to be solved is: propose the multiple tooth Magneticflux-switching type permanent magnetism memory electrical machine (Multi-tooth Switched Flux MemoryMachine) that a kind of high power density and air-gap flux adjustability are outstanding.
Technical scheme: for solving the problems of the technologies described above, the invention discloses a kind of multiple tooth Magneticflux-switching type permanent magnetism memory electrical machine, comprises casing, the stator be housed in casing, rotor and not magnetic rotating shaft, and stator is located at rotor exterior; Rotor is fixed on not on magnetic rotating shaft, is salient pole type;
Stator comprises stator core, permanent magnet, threephase armature winding and pulse winding; Stator core comprises some stator yoke and from the stator yoke stator poles outstanding to stator core center position;
Threephase armature concentratred winding is wrapped in stator poles;
Permanent magnet is embedded in stator poles, and at permanent magnet and be not provided with cavity between magnetic rotating shaft, pulse winding is arranged in this cavity; Magnetic conduction bridge is provided with between pulse winding and casing.
Preferably, the shape of stator core is " V " type, and material is silicon steel sheet.
Preferably, stator poles some armature tooths of comprising stator poles main part and extending internally from stator poles main part;
Wherein, the second armature tooth is made up of the conducting magnet core limit of permanent magnet with the stator poles main part of " V " type stator silicon steel sheet, and the second armature tooth both sides are respectively equipped with independently the first armature tooth.
Preferably, pulse winding is concentratred winding, and pulse winding is wrapped in the stator yoke of stator core, and pulse winding successively head and the tail series connection forms monophasic pulses if winding, and pulse current direction is formed and is alternately distributed.
Preferably, described permanent magnet is the Al-Ni-Co permanent magnet material of trapezium structure, and permanent magnet circumferentially cutting orientation magnetizing, N pole and S pole is alternately arranged, and shape is trapezium structure.
Preferably, described cavity is inverted trapezoidal structure, and two base angles become smooth fillets shape.
Beneficial effect: 1, whole whole motor structure is simple, and because motor have employed stator permanent magnetic type structure, Al-Ni-Co permanent magnet, pulse winding, armature winding are all placed in stator, is easy to heat radiation, cooling, improves power density.And rotor structure is very firm, be specially adapted to high-speed cruising.
2, the armature winding pulse winding that this motor adopts all adopts centralized winding, significantly reduces tip lengths, cuts down motor end effect.And copper loss is very little, improve motor operational efficiency.
3, this electric machine stator iron adopts multiple tooth structure, under the prerequisite that stator internal-and external diameter, gas length, the rotor facewidth, permanent magnet thickness, permanent magnet material and the number of turn etc. both keeping are all identical, multiple tooth magnetic pass switching electromotor can save a large amount of permanent magnets, simplifies processing.Meanwhile, in underloading situation multiple tooth magnetic pass switching electromotor possess torque density high with torque pulsation the feature such as little.
4, this motor can carry out online repeatedly irreversiblely filling degaussing to Al-Ni-Co permanent magnet at any time, and call at any time to meet operational objective according to the degaussing parameter of filling of record, realize the online adjustable magnetic of air-gap field, simultaneously pulse winding only apply to fill within the very short time, demagnetizing current.
5, this motor inherits the outstanding weak magnetism speed expansion ability of memory electrical machine, the magnetic conduction bridge construction be provided with ensures to adopt less pulse umber of turn that pulse current just can be made to change the magnetization of Al-Ni-Co permanent magnet in a big way, is therefore very applicable to the field such as Aero-Space, electric automobile.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is electric machine structure schematic diagram of the present invention, and wherein the direction of arrow represents permanent magnet magnetizing direction;
Fig. 2 is external rotor form of the present invention, i.e. external rotor multiple tooth Magneticflux-switching type permanent magnetism memory electrical machine, and wherein the direction of arrow represents permanent magnet magnetizing direction;
In figure: 1 stator core, 2 rotors, 3 Al-Ni-Co permanent magnets, 4 threephase armature windings, 5 monophasic pulses if windings, 6 pulse winding cavitys, 7 magnetic conduction bridges, 8 non-magnetic rotating shafts, 1.1 first armature tooths, 1.2 second armature tooths.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention will be further described.
The invention discloses a kind of multiple tooth Magneticflux-switching type permanent magnetism memory electrical machine, comprise casing, the stator be housed in casing, rotor 2 and not magnetic rotating shaft 8, it is outside that stator 1 is located at rotor 2; Rotor 2 is fixed on not on magnetic rotating shaft 8, is salient pole type; Stator comprises stator core 1, permanent magnet 3, threephase armature winding 4 and pulse winding 5; Stator core 1 comprises some stator yoke and from the stator yoke stator poles outstanding to stator core center position; Threephase armature concentratred winding 4 is wrapped in stator poles; Permanent magnet 3 is embedded in stator poles, and at permanent magnet 3 and be not provided with cavity 6 between magnetic rotating shaft 8, pulse winding 5 is arranged in this cavity 6; Magnetic conduction bridge 7 is provided with between pulse winding 5 and casing.
The shape of stator core 1 is " V " type, and material is silicon steel sheet.
Some armature tooths that stator poles comprises stator poles main part and extends internally from stator poles main part;
Wherein, the second armature tooth 1.2 is made up of the conducting magnet core limit of permanent magnet 3 with the stator poles main part of " V " type stator silicon steel sheet 1, and the second armature tooth 1.2 both sides are respectively equipped with independently the first armature tooth 1.1.
Pulse winding 5 is concentratred winding, and pulse winding 5 is wrapped in the stator yoke of stator core 1, and pulse winding 5 successively head and the tail series connection forms monophasic pulses if winding, and pulse current direction is formed and is alternately distributed.
Described permanent magnet 3 is the Al-Ni-Co permanent magnet material of trapezium structure, and permanent magnet 3 circumferentially cutting orientation magnetizing, N pole and S pole is alternately arranged, and shape is trapezium structure.
Described cavity 6 is inverted trapezoidal structure, and two base angles become smooth fillets shape.
Described each stator tooth rearranges by " trapezoidal " Al-Ni-Co permanent magnet, " V " type stator core, and permanent magnet circumferentially magnetizes, and N pole, S pole are alternately distributed; Monophasic pulses if winding is that concentratred winding is wrapped in stator yoke, and the head and the tail series connection successively of adjacent pulse winding, pulse current direction is formed and is alternately distributed, and three-phase stator winding is concentratred winding.
Described stator core adopts multiple tooth magneticfocusing structure, has saved permanent magnetic material consumption, effectively improves the air gap flux density of motor; Meanwhile, underloading situation lower tooth Magneticflux-switching type permanent magnetism memory electrical machine possess torque density high with torque pulsation the feature such as little.
Described permanent magnet takes special Al-Ni-Co permanent magnet, and this permanent magnetic material has coercive force, feature that remanent magnetism is high, and adopt cast moulding manufacturing process, temperature stability is high.Permanent magnetic potential and pulse winding magnetic potential form parallel magnetic circuit.Trapezoidal design can ensure that the magnetic field energy applying pulse current fills it largely, degaussing, thus it is adjustable to realize motor gas-gap magnetic field, improves motor speed range of operation and weak magnetic energy power.
Described pulse winding cavity adopts the profile of " inverted trapezoidal ", and adopts rounding off between two base angles and base; The pulsed field magnetization magnetic line of force closes through iron core, permanent magnet and magnetic conduction bridge, makes to adopt less pulse umber of turn just can ensure that pulse current has good adjustable magnetic effect to Al-Ni-Co permanent magnet.
Described magnetic conduction bridge can provide closed-loop path for pulse winding magnetic circuit, reduces electric excitation copper loss, achieves the flexible tunable characteristic of the magnetic field intensity of permanent magnet.And magnetic conduction bridge and " V " type stator core are an entirety.
The operation logic of a kind of multiple tooth Magneticflux-switching type permanent magnetism memory electrical machine of the present invention is as follows:
In motor stator winding, the magnetic flux (magnetic linkage) of linkage can according to the diverse location switching direction of rotor, therefore sinusoidal waveform, ambipolar back electromotive force can be induced, during rotor continuous rotation, in stator winding, the flow direction of linkage is periodically-varied, realizes energy converting between mechanical.The saliency formed due to stator and rotor tooth and the not reciprocity interleaved character of the stator and rotor number of teeth, it is in fact a kind of New Magnetic Field Controlled resistance induction type magneto that magnetic flux switches permanent magnetism memory electrical machine.
It is crucial that, the pulse winding of multiple tooth Magneticflux-switching type permanent magnetism memory electrical machine is in open-circuit condition in normal operation at ordinary times, air-gap field is provided separately by Al-Ni-Co permanent magnet, avoid excitation loss, produce magnetic field to Al-Ni-Co permanent magnet increasing, degaussing by applying pulse current, thus provide air-gap field by the permanent magnet possessing the close level of new magnetic.Due to " memory " function of permanent magnet, can regulating impulse sense of current and size be passed through, realize the flexible controllability in motor gas-gap magnetic field, and widen motor as output-constant operation scope during motor running.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of multiple tooth Magneticflux-switching type permanent magnetism memory electrical machine of the present invention, mainly comprises stationary part and rotor 2 part.It is characterized in that stationary part comprises multiple tooth type stator core 1, Al-Ni-Co permanent magnet 3, threephase armature concentratred winding 4 and pulse winding 5; Rotor 2 is fixed on not on magnetic rotating shaft 8, is salient pole type; Circumferentially be made up of " V " type silicon steel sheet magnetic conductive iron 1, trapezoidal permanent magnet 3 successively at the stationary part of casing 9 internal fixtion; Inverted trapezoidal cavity 6 is left, for placing pulse winding 5 between stator yoke and permanent magnet 3; Magnetic conduction bridge 7 is provided with between pulse winding cavity 6 and casing.Shown in as concrete in accompanying drawing 1, stator has the armature tooth that 6 are wound with armature winding, 6 pulse winding cavities 6.
Magnetic conduction bridge construction 7 is provided with between above-mentioned inverted trapezoidal pulse winding cavity 6 and casing, magnetic conduction bridge and the stator core of " V " type are overall with one, for the pulse magnetic potential magnetic line of force provides corresponding parallel circuits, pulse current has online adjustable magnetic effect preferably to Al-Ni-Co permanent magnet 3 to make this invention adopt less pulse umber of turn just can ensure.
Some armature tooths that stator poles comprises stator poles main part and extends internally from stator poles main part; Specifically, the conducting magnet core limit of the permanent magnet 3 circumferentially magnetized and the stator poles main part of " V " type stator silicon steel sheet 1 forms the second armature tooth 1.2, and the second armature tooth 1.2 both sides are respectively equipped with independently the first armature tooth 1.1; And pulse winding 5 is wrapped in the stator yoke part of " V " type stator core, and head and the tail series connection forms monophasic pulses if winding successively.Shown in as concrete in accompanying drawing 1, stator has the armature tooth that 6 are wound with armature winding, 6 pulse winding cavities 6.
By being f three-phase voltage to threephase armature winding loading frequency, the three-phase current that frequency is f is flow through in threephase armature winding, so the rotating speed n=60f/p of motor (p is motor number of pole-pairs), then can regulate the rotating speed of motor by controlling to be applied to the voltage swing of threephase armature winding and frequency.And single-phase pulse winding directly connects DC power supply, transient state forward or the Al-Ni-Co permanent magnet of reverse pulse current to motor fills, demagnetizing effect is loaded according to the paired pulses winding that needs that motor runs, thus affect the air-gap field of motor, realize the completely controlled of motor magnetic flux.
Due to pulse winding 5 applying is transient current pulse, and produce a transient magnetic field, therefore pulse magnetic potential obviously can not affect air-gap field, air-gap field then provides primarily of Al-Ni-Co permanent magnet 3.According to required adjustable magnetic coefficient, the radial thickness of magnetic conduction bridge 7 can be suitably chosen, to reach the optimization on-line control of air-gap field in practical application.
The foregoing is only better embodiment of the present invention; protection scope of the present invention is not limited with above-mentioned execution mode; in every case those of ordinary skill in the art modify or change according to the equivalence that disclosed content is done, and all should include in the protection range recorded in claims.

Claims (1)

1. a multiple tooth Magneticflux-switching type permanent magnetism memory electrical machine, comprises casing, the stator be housed in casing, rotor (2) and not magnetic rotating shaft (8), it is characterized in that: it is outside that stator (1) is located at rotor (2); Rotor (2) is fixed on not on magnetic rotating shaft (8), is salient pole type;
Stator comprises stator core (1), permanent magnet (3), threephase armature winding (4) and pulse winding (5); Stator core (1) comprises some stator yoke and from the stator yoke stator poles outstanding to stator core center position;
Threephase armature concentratred winding (4) is wrapped in stator poles;
Permanent magnet (3) is embedded in stator poles, is provided with cavity (6) between stator yoke and permanent magnet (3), and pulse winding (5) is arranged in this cavity (6); Magnetic conduction bridge (7) is provided with between pulse winding (5) and casing;
The shape of stator core (1) is " V " type, and material is silicon steel sheet;
Some armature tooths that stator poles comprises stator poles main part and extends internally from stator poles main part;
Wherein, second armature tooth (1.2) is made up of the conducting magnet core limit of the stator poles main part of permanent magnet (3) and " V " type stator core (1), and the second armature tooth (1.2) both sides are respectively equipped with independently the first armature tooth (1.1);
Pulse winding (5) is concentratred winding, pulse winding (5) is wrapped in the stator yoke of stator core (1), pulse winding (5) successively head and the tail series connection forms monophasic pulses if winding, and pulse current direction is formed and is alternately distributed;
The Al-Ni-Co permanent magnet material that described permanent magnet (3) is trapezium structure, permanent magnet (3) circumferentially cutting orientation magnetizing, N pole and S pole is alternately arranged, and shape is trapezium structure;
Described cavity (6) is inverted trapezoidal structure, and two base angles become smooth fillets shape.
CN201210559055.7A 2012-12-20 2012-12-20 Multi-tooth magnetic flux switching permanent magnetic memory motor Expired - Fee Related CN103051138B (en)

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CN103490532B (en) * 2013-09-18 2015-11-18 东南大学 A kind of error-tolerance type stator partition type Magneticflux-switching type memory electrical machine
CN103501063B (en) * 2013-09-18 2016-08-03 东南大学 A kind of many flute profiles permanent magnetism embedded Magneticflux-switching type memory electrical machine
FR3011142B1 (en) * 2013-09-23 2017-04-14 Renault Sas IMPROVED STATOR FOR PERMANENT MAGNET MACHINE WITH FLOW SWITCHING
CN104113181B (en) * 2014-07-18 2016-08-24 西安交通大学 A kind of composite excitation switch flux linear motor for axial feed
CN104113150B (en) * 2014-07-18 2017-08-01 西安交通大学 A kind of multiple tooth stator core hybrid excitation switched flux motor of combined type
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CN106451834B (en) * 2016-09-30 2018-08-10 江苏大学 A kind of K shapes stator core mixed field excitation type flux switch motor
CN108347145A (en) * 2018-04-20 2018-07-31 南京信息工程大学 A kind of bimorph transducer hybrid permanent magnet memory electrical machine
CN109818471B (en) * 2019-02-01 2020-12-18 江苏大学 Double-air-gap magnetic field modulation permanent magnet motor
CN109802501A (en) * 2019-02-19 2019-05-24 华中科技大学 A kind of divided stator carnassial tooth flux switching motor
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