CN103051139B - Magnetic flux switching type permanent magnet memory motor - Google Patents
Magnetic flux switching type permanent magnet memory motor Download PDFInfo
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- CN103051139B CN103051139B CN201210560231.9A CN201210560231A CN103051139B CN 103051139 B CN103051139 B CN 103051139B CN 201210560231 A CN201210560231 A CN 201210560231A CN 103051139 B CN103051139 B CN 103051139B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a magnetic flux switching type permanent magnet memory motor comprising an enclosure, a stator contained in the enclosure, a rotor (2) and a non-magnetic rotary shaft (8). The magnetic flux switching type permanent magnet memory motor is characterized in that the stator (1) is arranged at the outer part of the rotor (2); the rotor (2) is fixedly arranged on the non-magnetic rotary shaft (8) and is in a convex pole type; the rotor (2) comprises a rotor main body part and rotor teeth which protrude from the main body part to a direction which is far away from the center of the rotor; the stator comprises a stator iron core (1), a permanent magnet (3), a three-phase armature winding (4) and a pulse winding (5); the stator iron core (1) comprises a plurality of stator yokes and stator teeth (1.1) which protrude from the stator yokes to the direction of the center of the stator iron core; and the three-phase armature winding (4) is wound on the stator teeth (1.1). According to the magnetic flux switching type permanent magnet memory motor disclosed by the invention, a motor no-load gap magnetic field is adjustable, and the weak magnetism capability and the rotary speed operation speed of the motor are improved; and meanwhile, the torque and the power density of the motor are improved and the copper consumption of the motor is reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of adjustable magnetic flow permanent magnet motor, be specifically related to a kind of novel three-phase Magneticflux-switching type permanent magnetism memory electrical machine, it can improve the weak magnetic energy power of motor, is applicable to wide range speed control and runs occasion, belong to technical field of motor manufacture.
Background technology
In machine field, common permagnetic synchronous motor (PMSM) is due to the inherent characteristic of common permanent magnetic material (as neodymium iron boron), air-gap field in motor keeps constant substantially, very limited as speed adjustable range during electric operation, at such as electric automobile, the application that occasion is directly driven in the wide range speed controls such as Aero-Space is subject to a definite limitation, therefore is focus and the difficult point in motor research field with the adjustable magnetic flow permanent magnet motor being effectively adjusted to target of the air-gap field realizing magneto always.Permanent magnetism memory electrical machine (hereinafter referred to as " memory electrical machine ") is a kind of novel magnetic flux controllable type magneto, it adopts low-coercivity Al-Ni-Co permanent magnet, Circumferential field is produced by stator winding or DC pulse winding, thus change permanent magnet magnetization intensity regulates air-gap field, the close level of magnetic of permanent magnet has the advantages that to be remembered by permanent magnet simultaneously.
Traditional memory electrical machine is taught by Croatia descendants Germany's motor scholar Ao Situoweiqi (Ostovic) and is proposed in calendar year 2001.The memory electrical machine of this topological structure develops by writing pole type motor, and rotor is by Al-Ni-Co permanent magnet, non-magnetic interlayer and rotor core sandwich structure consisting.This special construction can carry out online repeatedly irreversiblely filling degaussing to permanent magnet at any time, reduces quadrature axis armature reaction to the impact of air-gap field simultaneously.
But the rotor structure of the memory electrical machine of this basic structure also exists deficiency.Owing to have employed AlNiCo permanent magnet, in order to obtain enough magnetic fluxs, the material of adequate thickness just must be adopted.And under above-mentioned tangential structure, not easily realize; Meanwhile, rotor must do every magnetic treatment, and whole rotor is fastened on axle by multiple part, reduces Mechanical Reliability; Finally, needing the occasion of wide range speed control, as in lathe and electric automobile, adopt the permanent magnetism air gap main flux of said structure not high, motor energy index can not be satisfactory.
In the last few years, a kind of novel stator permanent magnetic type electric-magnetic flux switches permanent magnetism (Switched FluxPermanent Magnet, hereinafter referred to as SFPM) motor due to the performance of its brilliance and is subject to Chinese scholars extensive concern.SFPM motor has the advantage such as the high and simple structure, high reliability of sine degree of high power density, high, the unloaded magnetic linkage bipolarity of efficiency, unloaded induced electromotive force.In permagnetic synchronous motor field, SFPM motor has replaced traditional built-in and surface-mounted permanent magnet machine gradually, has larger industrial value in fields such as aviations.
But traditional SFPM electric machine rotor iron core also exists magnetic hysteresis loss and eddy current loss, and air-gap field is produced by permanent magnet excitation, be difficult to regulate, limit it drives occasion application in electric automobile wide range speed control; Secondly also there is leakage field problem, permanent magnet utilance is not high, causes electromagnetic compatibility problem.
France scholar Rahm Emanuel. yellow (E.Hoang) proposes mixed excited magnetic pass and switches permanent magnetism (HybridExcitation Switched Flux Permanent Magnet, hereinafter referred to as HESFPM) motor.It is characterized by: the controllability achieving air-gap field, improve permanent magnet utilance and power density, the advantages such as cogging torque is little; This motor excitation magnetic potential and permanent magnetic potential parallel connection, make its weak magnetic energy power very outstanding.But this motor exists two magnetic potential sources, and both magnetic fluxs easily intercouple, influence each other, and increases the complexity of electromagnetic property simultaneously, and existence increases excitation loss, Control System for Exciting Current realizes the weakness such as difficulty is large.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem: technical problem to be solved by this invention is: propose the Magneticflux-switching type permanent magnetism memory electrical machine (Switched Flux Permanent Magnet MemoryMachine) that a kind of high power density and air-gap flux adjustability are outstanding.
Technical scheme: for solving the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of Magneticflux-switching type permanent magnetism memory electrical machine, comprises casing, the stator be housed in casing, rotor and not magnetic rotating shaft, and stator is located at rotor exterior; Rotor is fixed on not on magnetic rotating shaft, is salient pole type; Rotor comprises rotor main body and the main body rotor tooth outstanding to the direction away from rotor center;
Stator comprises stator core, permanent magnet, threephase armature winding and pulse winding; Stator core comprises some stator yoke and from the stator yoke stator tooth outstanding to stator core center position;
Threephase armature concentratred winding is wound around on the stator teeth;
Permanent magnet is embedded in stator tooth, and at permanent magnet and be not provided with cavity between magnetic rotating shaft, pulse winding is arranged in this cavity; Magnetic conduction bridge is provided with between pulse winding and casing.
Preferably, the shape of stator core is " U " type, and material is silicon steel sheet.
Preferably, the conducting magnet core limit of permanent magnet and stator core forms stator tooth.
Preferably, pulse winding is concentratred winding, and pulse winding is wrapped in the stator yoke of stator core, and pulse winding successively head and the tail series connection forms monophasic pulses if winding, and pulse current direction is formed and is alternately distributed.
Preferably, described permanent magnet is the Al-Ni-Co permanent magnet material of trapezium structure, and permanent magnet is cutting orientation magnetizing circumferentially, and the arctic (N pole), the South Pole (S pole) are alternately arranged, and shape is trapezium structure.
Preferably, described cavity is inverted trapezoidal structure, and two base angles become smooth fillets shape.
Preferably, its stator number N of teeth
swith rotor number N of teeth
rmeet:
In this formula, m is number of motor phases, and n is nonnegative integer, for three phase electric machine, and N
s=6k, k are positive integer.
Beneficial effect: 1, whole whole motor structure is simple, and because motor have employed stator permanent magnetic type structure, Al-Ni-Co permanent magnet, pulse winding, armature winding are all placed in stator, is easy to heat radiation, cooling.And rotor only serves as the effect of magnetic conductive iron, relative to traditional permagnetic synchronous motor, the rotor structure that the present invention adopts is very firm, is specially adapted to high-speed cruising.
2, the armature winding pulse winding that this motor adopts all adopts centralized winding, significantly reduces tip lengths, cuts down motor end effect.And copper wastage is very little, improve motor operational efficiency.
3, " poly-magnetic effect " characteristic of this motor can make motor obtain higher air gap flux density when the Al-Ni-Co permanent magnet adopting coercive force lower.
4, this motor can carry out online repeatedly irreversiblely filling degaussing to Al-Ni-Co permanent magnet at any time, and call at any time to meet operational objective according to the degaussing parameter of filling of record, realize the online adjustable magnetic of air-gap field, simultaneously pulse winding only apply to fill within the very short time, demagnetizing current.Therefore, relative to mixed excited magnetic pass switch motor, magnetic flux switches permanent magnetism memory electrical machine and has very little excitation loss, and the complexity of speed-adjusting and control system is relatively little, there is not electric excitation magnetic kinetic potential and permanent magnetic potential influences each other, motor electromagnetic characteristic comparatively complicated situation.
5, this motor had both possessed SFPM motor permanent magnet flux linkage and back electromotive force sine degree is high, harmonic content is low and torque and power density want large feature relative to other stator permanent magnetic type electrics, also the weak magnetism speed expansion ability that memory electrical machine is outstanding is inherited, the magnetic conduction bridge construction be provided with ensures to adopt less pulse umber of turn that pulse current just can be made to change the magnetization of Al-Ni-Co permanent magnet in a big way, is therefore very applicable to the field such as Aero-Space, electric automobile.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is electric machine structure schematic diagram of the present invention, and wherein the direction of arrow represents permanent magnet magnetizing direction;
Fig. 2 is external rotor form of the present invention, i.e. external rotor Magneticflux-switching type permanent magnetism memory electrical machine (stator and rotor number of poles is 6/8), and wherein the direction of arrow represents permanent magnet magnetizing direction;
Fig. 3 a for when pulsed magnetic kinetic potential Al-Ni-Co permanent magnet magnetized and rotor operation to position A time, motor magnetic flux path profile of the present invention;
Fig. 3 b for when pulsed magnetic kinetic potential Al-Ni-Co permanent magnet magnetized and rotor operation to position B time, motor magnetic flux path profile of the present invention;
Fig. 4 a for when pulsed magnetic kinetic potential degaussing is carried out to Al-Ni-Co permanent magnet and rotor operation to position A time, motor magnetic flux path profile of the present invention;
Fig. 4 b for when pulsed magnetic kinetic potential degaussing is carried out to Al-Ni-Co permanent magnet and rotor operation to position B time, motor magnetic flux path profile of the present invention;
In figure: 1 stator core, 1.1 stator tooths, 2 rotors, 3 (aluminium nickel cobalt) permanent magnet, 4 threephase armature windings, 5 monophasic pulses if windings, 6 pulse winding cavitys, 7 magnetic conduction bridges, 8 non-magnetic rotating shafts.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention will be further described.
The invention discloses a kind of Magneticflux-switching type permanent magnetism memory electrical machine, comprise casing, the stator be housed in casing, rotor 2 and not magnetic rotating shaft 8, it is outside that stator 1 is located at rotor 2; Rotor 2 is fixed on not on magnetic rotating shaft 8, is salient pole type; Rotor 2 comprises rotor main body and the main body rotor tooth outstanding to the direction away from rotor center; Stator comprises stator core 1, permanent magnet 3, threephase armature winding 4 and pulse winding 5; Stator core 1 comprises some stator yoke and from the stator yoke stator tooth 1.1 outstanding to stator core center position; Threephase armature concentratred winding 4 is wrapped on stator tooth 1.1; Permanent magnet 3 is embedded in stator tooth 1.1, and at permanent magnet 3 and be not provided with cavity 6 between magnetic rotating shaft 8, pulse winding 5 is arranged in this cavity 6; Magnetic conduction bridge 7 is provided with between pulse winding 5 and casing.
The shape of stator core 1 is " U " type, and material is silicon steel sheet.
The conducting magnet core limit of permanent magnet 3 and stator core forms stator tooth 1.1.
Pulse winding 5 is concentratred winding, and pulse winding 5 is wrapped in the stator yoke of stator core 1, and pulse winding 5 successively head and the tail series connection forms monophasic pulses if winding, and pulse current direction is formed and is alternately distributed.
Described permanent magnet 3 is the Al-Ni-Co permanent magnet material of trapezium structure, permanent magnet 3 circumferentially cutting orientation magnetizing, and the arctic (N pole), the South Pole (S pole) are alternately arranged, and shape is trapezium structure.
Described cavity 6 is inverted trapezoidal structure, and two base angles become smooth fillets shape.
Its stator number N of teeth
swith rotor number N of teeth
rmeet:
In this formula, m is number of motor phases, and n is nonnegative integer, for three phase electric machine, and N
s=6k, k are positive integer.
Described permanent magnet and armature winding are all arranged on stator, and cooling easily; And not only without permanent magnet but also without armature winding on rotor, structural manufacturing process is simple, meets the requirement of automobile motor high-speed cruising.The shape of stator core is " U " type, and formed by silicon steel plate packing, each stator core is measure-alike, and punching manufacturing process is relatively simple.
Described pulse winding is concentratred winding, is wrapped in the stator yoke of stator core, and pulse winding successively head and the tail series connection forms monophasic pulses if winding, and pulse current direction is formed and is alternately distributed.This motor regulates permanent magnet remanent magnetization by applying pulse current, realizes empty load of motor air-gap field adjustable, improves weak magnetic energy power and the rotating speed range of operation of motor.
Described permanent magnet takes special Al-Ni-Co permanent magnet, and this permanent magnetic material has coercive force, feature that remanent magnetism is high, and adopt cast moulding manufacturing process, temperature stability is high.Permanent magnetic potential and pulse winding magnetic potential form parallel magnetic circuit.Trapezoidal design can ensure that the magnetic field energy applying pulse current fills it largely, degaussing, thus it is adjustable to realize motor gas-gap magnetic field, improves motor speed range of operation and weak magnetic energy power.
Described pulse winding cavity adopts the profile of " inverted trapezoidal ", and adopts rounding off between two base angles and base; The pulsed field magnetization magnetic line of force closes through iron core, permanent magnet and magnetic conduction bridge, makes to adopt less pulse umber of turn just can ensure that pulse current has good adjustable magnetic effect to Al-Ni-Co permanent magnet.
Described magnetic conduction bridge can provide closed-loop path for pulse winding magnetic circuit, reduces electric excitation copper loss, achieves the flexible tunable characteristic of the magnetic field intensity of permanent magnet.And magnetic conduction bridge and the stator core of " U " type are an entirety.
The operation logic of a kind of Magneticflux-switching type permanent magnetism memory electrical machine disclosed by the invention is as follows:
In motor stator winding, the magnetic flux (magnetic linkage) of linkage can according to the diverse location switching direction of rotor, therefore sinusoidal waveform, ambipolar back electromotive force can be induced, during rotor continuous rotation, in stator winding, the flow direction of linkage is periodically-varied, realizes energy converting between mechanical.The saliency formed due to stator and rotor tooth and the not reciprocity interleaved character of the stator and rotor number of teeth, it is in fact a kind of New Magnetic Field Controlled resistance induction type magneto that magnetic flux switches permanent magnetism memory electrical machine.
It is crucial that, the pulse winding of Magneticflux-switching type permanent magnetism memory electrical machine is in open-circuit condition in normal operation at ordinary times, air-gap field is provided separately by Al-Ni-Co permanent magnet, avoid excitation loss, produce magnetic field to Al-Ni-Co permanent magnet increasing, degaussing by applying pulse current, thus provide air-gap field by the permanent magnet possessing the close level of new magnetic.Due to " memory " function of permanent magnet, can regulating impulse sense of current and size be passed through, realize the flexible controllability in motor gas-gap magnetic field, and widen motor as output-constant operation scope during motor running.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of Magneticflux-switching type permanent magnetism of the present invention memory electrical machine, mainly comprises stationary part and rotor 2 part.It is characterized in that stationary part comprises stator core 1, Al-Ni-Co permanent magnet 3, threephase armature concentratred winding 4 and pulse winding 5; Rotor 2 is fixed on not on magnetic rotating shaft 8, is salient pole type; Stationary part is circumferentially made up of " U " type silicon steel sheet magnetic conductive iron 1, trapezoidal permanent magnet 3 successively; Inverted trapezoidal cavity 6 is left, for placing pulse winding 5 between stator yoke and permanent magnet 3; Magnetic conduction bridge 7 is provided with between pulse winding cavity 6 and casing.Shown in as concrete in accompanying drawing 1, stator has the armature tooth that 6 are wound with armature winding, 6 pulse winding cavities 6.
Magnetic conduction bridge construction 7 is provided with between above-mentioned inverted trapezoidal pulse winding cavity 6 and casing, magnetic conduction bridge and the stator core of " U " type are overall with one, for the pulse magnetic potential magnetic line of force provides corresponding parallel circuits, pulse current has online adjustable magnetic effect preferably to Al-Ni-Co permanent magnet 3 to make this invention adopt less pulse umber of turn just can ensure.
The above-mentioned described permanent magnet 3 circumferentially magnetized and the magnetic conductive iron limit of " U " type stator silicon steel sheet 1 form stator tooth 1.1; Threephase armature winding 4 and pulse winding 5 are concentratred winding, and wherein threephase armature winding 4 is wrapped on stator tooth 1.1, and pulse winding 5 is wrapped in the stator yoke part of " U " type stator core, and head and the tail series connection forms monophasic pulses if winding successively.Shown in as concrete in accompanying drawing 1, stator has the armature tooth that 6 are wound with armature winding, 6 pulse winding cavities 7.
Due to pulse winding 5 applying is transient current pulse, and produce a transient magnetic field, therefore pulse magnetic potential obviously can not affect air-gap field, air-gap field provides primarily of Al-Ni-Co permanent magnet 3.According to required adjustable magnetic coefficient, the radial thickness of magnetic conduction bridge 7 can be suitably chosen, to reach the optimization on-line control of air-gap field in practical application.
Analysis of the present invention is equally applicable to external rotor Magneticflux-switching type permanent magnetism memory electrical machine, the above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, be noted that the rotor of this motor can adopt skewed slot mode, be conducive to the sine improving back electromotive force, the position-sensor-free realizing motor runs.
The foregoing is only better embodiment of the present invention; protection scope of the present invention is not limited with above-mentioned execution mode; in every case those of ordinary skill in the art modify or change according to the equivalence that disclosed content is done, and all should include in the protection range recorded in claims.
Claims (2)
1. a Magneticflux-switching type permanent magnetism memory electrical machine, comprises casing, the stator be housed in casing, rotor (2) and not magnetic rotating shaft (8), it is characterized in that: it is outside that stator (1) is located at rotor (2); Rotor (2) is fixed on not on magnetic rotating shaft (8), is salient pole type; Rotor (2) comprises rotor main body and the main body rotor tooth outstanding to the direction away from rotor center;
Stator comprises stator core, permanent magnet (3), threephase armature winding (4) and pulse winding (5); Stator core comprises some stator yoke and from the stator yoke stator tooth (1.1) outstanding to stator core center position;
Threephase armature concentratred winding (4) is wrapped on stator tooth (1.1);
Permanent magnet (3) is embedded in stator tooth (1.1), is provided with cavity (6) between permanent magnet (3) and stator yoke, and pulse winding (5) is arranged in this cavity (6); Magnetic conduction bridge (7) is provided with between pulse winding (5) and casing;
The shape of stator core is " U " type, and material is silicon steel sheet;
The conducting magnet core limit of permanent magnet (3) and stator core forms stator tooth (1.1);
Pulse winding (5) is concentratred winding, and pulse winding (5) is wrapped in the stator yoke of stator core, and pulse winding (5) successively head and the tail series connection forms monophasic pulses if winding, and pulse current direction is formed and is alternately distributed;
The Al-Ni-Co permanent magnet material that described permanent magnet (3) is trapezium structure, permanent magnet (3) circumferentially cutting orientation magnetizing, N pole, S pole are alternately arranged, and shape is trapezium structure;
Described cavity (6) is inverted trapezoidal structure, and two base angles become smooth fillets shape.
2. Magneticflux-switching type memory electrical machine according to claim 1, is characterized in that: its stator number N of teeth
swith rotor number N of teeth
rmeet:
In this formula, m is number of motor phases, and n is nonnegative integer, for three phase electric machine, and N
s=6k, k are positive integer.
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| CN201210560231.9A CN103051139B (en) | 2012-12-20 | 2012-12-20 | Magnetic flux switching type permanent magnet memory motor |
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| CN201210560231.9A CN103051139B (en) | 2012-12-20 | 2012-12-20 | Magnetic flux switching type permanent magnet memory motor |
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| CN103051139A CN103051139A (en) | 2013-04-17 |
| CN103051139B true CN103051139B (en) | 2015-04-15 |
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Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103490532B (en) * | 2013-09-18 | 2015-11-18 | 东南大学 | A kind of error-tolerance type stator partition type Magneticflux-switching type memory electrical machine |
| CN103973062B (en) * | 2014-05-30 | 2016-06-08 | 东南大学 | A kind of Magneticflux-switching type hybrid permanent magnet memory electrical machine of high power density |
| JP2016032385A (en) | 2014-07-30 | 2016-03-07 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | Motor |
| CN104578477B (en) * | 2014-12-11 | 2017-02-22 | 东南大学 | Mixed permanent magnetic pole-alternating and magnetic flux-switching memory motor and winding switching magnetism-weakening control method thereof |
| CN106787556B (en) * | 2016-11-25 | 2018-09-28 | 南京航空航天大学 | A kind of flux switch motor of parallel construction |
| JP6421349B2 (en) * | 2016-12-20 | 2018-11-14 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | Rotating electrical machine |
| CN108494202B (en) * | 2018-04-13 | 2020-01-03 | 华中科技大学 | Robot joint motor capable of realizing magnetizable reconstruction |
| CN113315269B (en) * | 2021-05-31 | 2022-10-25 | 河北工业大学 | Stator type permanent magnet synchronous motor with flux weakening function |
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| CN2759034Y (en) * | 2004-12-28 | 2006-02-15 | 高桂本 | Permanent magnet electric machine |
| EP2169804A2 (en) * | 2008-09-24 | 2010-03-31 | Rolls-Royce plc | Flux-switching magnetic machine |
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| CN2759034Y (en) * | 2004-12-28 | 2006-02-15 | 高桂本 | Permanent magnet electric machine |
| US7868506B2 (en) * | 2006-03-08 | 2011-01-11 | Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique (Cnrs) | Flux-switching dual excitation electrical machine |
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Non-Patent Citations (1)
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