CN109188166B - Ground fault detection device and method - Google Patents
Ground fault detection device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109188166B CN109188166B CN201810990992.5A CN201810990992A CN109188166B CN 109188166 B CN109188166 B CN 109188166B CN 201810990992 A CN201810990992 A CN 201810990992A CN 109188166 B CN109188166 B CN 109188166B
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- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of fault detection, and provides a ground fault detection device and a method, wherein the device comprises: the device comprises a first detection module, a second detection module and a controller; the first detection module is connected with a grounding electrode of the photovoltaic power generation system at one end and grounded at the other end and comprises a first controllable switch and a first current detection unit which are connected in series; the second detection module is connected with a non-grounding electrode of the photovoltaic power generation system at one end and grounded at the other end and comprises a second controllable switch and a second current detection unit which are connected in series; the controller is used for judging whether a ground fault exists on the direct current side of the photovoltaic power generation system before grid connection and the direct current side and the alternating current side in grid connection operation or not according to the first sampling current detected by the first detection module and the second sampling current detected by the second detection module, and if the ground fault exists, an alarm signal is sent. The grounding fault detection device can realize multipoint grounding faults of the photovoltaic power generation system and ensure the operation safety of the system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fault detection, and particularly relates to a ground fault detection device and method.
Background
In a photovoltaic power generation system, since a photovoltaic cell is affected by polarization effect, Transparent Conductive Oxide (TCO) corrosion and the like, the influence directly causes the power generation efficiency of a cell panel to be greatly reduced, and even causes the cell panel to be permanently damaged. Therefore, a single-point grounding system is required to be formed by grounding the negative electrode (or positive electrode) of the photovoltaic cell array to solve the above-mentioned problems.
The negative pole direct grounding of the single-point grounding system is mostly realized by adopting a fuse in the traditional technology, when the direct grounding fault occurs, the fault current is far larger than the rated current of the fuse, the fuse is triggered to be disconnected, and the grounding protection effect is achieved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a ground fault detection device and a ground fault detection method, and aims to solve the problem that in the prior art, multipoint ground faults occurring in a photovoltaic power generation system cannot be effectively detected, so that insulation aging of a ground cable is caused when large fault current flows for a long time, and even fire is caused.
A first aspect of an embodiment of the present invention provides a ground fault detection apparatus, including: the device comprises a first detection module, a second detection module and a controller;
the first detection module is connected with a grounding electrode of the photovoltaic power generation system at one end and grounded at the other end and comprises a first controllable switch and a first current detection unit which are connected in series;
the second detection module is connected with a non-grounding electrode of the photovoltaic power generation system at one end and grounded at the other end and comprises a second controllable switch and a second current detection unit which are connected in series;
the first current detection unit is used for acquiring a first sampling current between the grounding electrode and the ground when the first controllable switch is closed and the second controllable switch is opened, and sending the first sampling current to the controller;
the second current detection unit is used for acquiring a second sampling current between the non-grounding electrode and the ground when the second controllable switch is closed and the first controllable switch is opened, and sending the second sampling current to the controller;
the controller is used for judging whether ground faults exist on the direct current side of the photovoltaic power generation system before grid connection and the direct current side and the alternating current side in grid connection operation or not according to the first sampling current and the second sampling current, and if the ground faults exist, an alarm signal is sent.
Optionally, the controller includes a switch control unit; the switch control unit is used for controlling the first controllable switch and the second controllable switch to be alternately closed before the photovoltaic power generation system is connected to the grid.
Optionally, the controller includes: the first comparison unit and the second comparison unit; the first comparing unit is used for comparing the first sampling current with a first preset threshold value, if the first sampling current is greater than the first preset threshold value, generating a first alarm signal, and disconnecting the first controllable switch according to the first alarm signal; the second comparing unit is configured to compare the second sampling current with a second preset threshold, generate a second alarm signal if the second sampling current is greater than the second preset threshold, and disconnect the second controllable switch according to the second alarm signal; wherein the alarm signal comprises the first alarm signal and the second alarm signal.
Optionally, the first comparing unit is further configured to generate a signal for controlling an inverter in the photovoltaic power generation system to be turned off according to the first alarm signal during grid-connected operation.
Optionally, the first current detecting unit includes: a first current sensor for directly detecting the first sampling current; and/or, the second current detection unit includes: a second current sensor for directly detecting the second sampling current.
Optionally, the first detecting module further includes: a first overcurrent protection unit connected in series with the first current detection unit; and/or the second detection module further comprises: and the second overcurrent protection unit is connected with the second current detection unit in series.
A second aspect of the embodiments of the present invention further provides a single-point grounding system, including any one of the above-mentioned ground fault detection apparatuses.
A third aspect of the embodiments of the present invention further provides a ground fault detection method, including:
acquiring a first sampling current between a grounding electrode and the ground when the grounding electrode of the photovoltaic power generation system is grounded and a non-grounding electrode is not grounded;
acquiring a second sampling current between a non-grounding electrode and the ground when the non-grounding electrode of the photovoltaic power generation system is grounded and the grounding electrode is not grounded;
and judging whether the direct current side of the photovoltaic power generation system before grid connection and the direct current side and the alternating current side have ground faults in grid connection operation according to the first sampling current and the second sampling current, and if the ground faults exist, sending an alarm signal.
Optionally, the determining, according to the first sampling current and the second sampling current, whether a ground fault exists at a dc side of the photovoltaic power generation system before grid connection and at the dc side and an ac side during grid connection operation, and if the ground fault exists, sending an alarm signal includes:
comparing the first sampling current with a first preset threshold, if the first sampling current is larger than the first preset threshold, generating a first alarm signal, and disconnecting the grounding electrode from the ground according to the first alarm signal;
comparing the second sampling current with a second preset threshold, if the second sampling current is larger than the second preset threshold, generating a second alarm signal, and disconnecting the non-grounding electrode from the ground according to the second alarm signal;
wherein the alarm signal comprises the first alarm signal and the second alarm signal.
Optionally, the ground fault detection method further includes:
and controlling an inverter in the photovoltaic power generation system to be closed according to the first alarm signal in grid-connected operation.
The ground fault detection device and method provided by the embodiment of the invention have the beneficial effects that: compared with the prior art, the ground fault detection device provided by the embodiment of the invention has the advantages that the first detection module connected with the grounding electrode of the photovoltaic power generation system is arranged to detect the ground fault of the non-grounding electrode before grid connection and the alternating current side in grid connection operation, and the second detection module connected with the non-grounding electrode of the photovoltaic power generation system is arranged to detect the ground fault of the grounding electrode before grid connection and the alternating current side, so that the multipoint ground fault before grid connection of the photovoltaic power generation system and the effective detection of the ground fault of the non-grounding electrode and the alternating current side in grid connection operation can be realized.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a ground fault detection apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a circuit diagram of a first detection module of a ground fault detection apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a ground fault detection apparatus according to yet another embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a ground fault detection apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a ground fault detection apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a ground fault detection apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a ground fault detection apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a flowchart of a ground fault detection method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals: the circuit comprises a first detection module 10, a second detection module 20, a controller 30, a first current detection unit 11, a first controllable switch 12, a first overcurrent protection unit 13, a second current detection unit 21, a second controllable switch 22 and a second overcurrent protection unit 23.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects to be solved by the present invention more clearly apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The specific embodiment is as follows:
it should be noted that, for convenience of description, the single-point grounding systems described in the embodiments of the present application are all exemplified by a photovoltaic power generation system, and include a photovoltaic array that converts solar energy into electric energy and outputs direct current, and an inverter DC/AC that converts direct current into alternating current; the single-point grounding refers to that only one grounding point (a positive pole or a negative pole arranged at the output end of the photovoltaic array, namely a positive pole or a negative pole on the direct current side) is allowed to exist in the photovoltaic power generation system.
As shown in fig. 1, the ground fault detection apparatus provided in the embodiment of the present invention includes: a first detection module 10, a second detection module 20 and a controller 30.
The first detection module 10 has one end connected to the ground electrode of the photovoltaic power generation system and the other end grounded, and includes a first controllable switch 12 and a first current detection unit 11 connected in series.
The second detection module 20 has one end connected to the non-ground electrode of the photovoltaic power generation system and the other end grounded, and includes a second controllable switch 22 and a second current detection unit 21 connected in series.
A first current detecting unit 11, configured to obtain a first sampling current between the ground electrode and the ground when the first controllable switch 12 is closed and the second controllable switch 22 is opened, and send the first sampling current to the controller 30.
And a second current detection unit 21, configured to obtain a second sampling current between the non-ground electrode and the ground when the second controllable switch 22 is closed and the first controllable switch 12 is opened, and send the second sampling current to the controller 30.
And the controller 30 is configured to determine, according to the first sampling current and the second sampling current, whether a ground fault exists at a direct current side of the photovoltaic power generation system before grid connection and at the direct current side and an alternating current side of the photovoltaic power generation system during grid connection operation, and send an alarm signal if the ground fault exists.
The grounding electrode is an electrode with a unique grounding point in the photovoltaic power generation system, and in a negative grounding system, the grounding electrode is a negative electrode; the non-grounded electrode is an electrode opposite to the grounded electrode, and in a negative electrode grounded system, the non-grounded electrode is a positive electrode.
The working principle of the ground fault detection device is as follows: the first current detection unit 11 obtains a first sampling current between the ground electrode and the ground when the first controllable switch 12 is closed and the second controllable switch 22 is opened, and sends the first sampling current to the controller 30; the second current detection unit 21 obtains a second sampling current between the non-ground electrode and the ground when the second controllable switch 22 is closed and the first controllable switch 12 is opened, and sends the second sampling current to the controller 30; the controller 30 judges whether a ground fault exists at the direct current side of the photovoltaic power generation system before grid connection and at the direct current side and the alternating current side in grid connection operation according to the first sampling current and the second sampling current, and if the ground fault exists, an alarm signal is sent.
Compared with the prior art, the ground fault detection device has the advantages that the first detection module 10 is used for detecting the ground fault of the non-grounding electrode before grid connection and the alternating current side in grid connection operation, the second detection module 20 is used for detecting the ground fault of the grounding electrode before grid connection and the alternating current side, and the multipoint ground fault of the photovoltaic power generation system before grid connection and the ground fault of the non-grounding electrode of the photovoltaic power generation system in grid connection operation and the alternating current side can be effectively detected.
As shown in fig. 3, before the grid-connected start-up of the photovoltaic power generation system, the first controllable switch 12 is opened, and the second controllable switch 22 is closed. If the negative electrode resistance to ground is small or short-circuited at this time, the fault ground point G1 passes through the second controllable switch 22 and the second current detecting unit 21 through the loop shown in fig. 3, which causes the positive and negative electrodes to be short-circuited, and the detected second sampling current is increased. When the controller 30 acquires the current abnormality information, the second controllable switch 22 is controlled to be switched off, an alarm is given, the inverter is not allowed to be started, and the system safety is ensured.
As shown in fig. 4, before the grid-connected start-up of the photovoltaic power generation system, the second controllable switch 22 is opened, and the first controllable switch 12 is closed. If the resistance of the positive electrode to ground is small or short-circuited at this time, through the loop shown in fig. 4, the fault ground point G2 passes through the first controllable switch 12 and the first current detection unit 11, which causes the positive electrode and the negative electrode to be short-circuited, and the detected first sampling current is increased. When the controller 30 acquires the current abnormality information, the first controllable switch 12 is controlled to be switched off, an alarm is given, the inverter is not allowed to be started, and the system safety is ensured.
In the grid-connected operation process, if the anode is in a short circuit with earth, the protection can be carried out through the loop shown in fig. 4.
As shown in fig. 5 and 6, after confirming that there is no insulation problem on the dc side, the first controllable switch 12 can be normally closed to ground the negative electrode. At this time, the inverter can be normally started. Due to the adoption of the I-type three-level non-isolated inverter topology, if an alternating current single phase-to-ground short circuit or a neutral point-to-ground resistance is small or short circuit occurs after the inverter is connected to the grid, the alternating current voltage passes through a loop shown in fig. 5 and 6, and the grounding point G3 or the grounding point G4 passes through the first controllable switch 12 and the first current detection module, so that the positive and negative electrodes are short-circuited, and the detection current is increased. When the controller 30 acquires the current abnormality information, the first controllable switch 12 is controlled to be switched off, an alarm is given, the inverter is controlled to be shut down, and the system safety is ensured.
Optionally, the controller 30 comprises a switch control unit; the switch control unit is configured to control the first controllable switch 12 and the second controllable switch 22 to be alternately closed before grid connection of the photovoltaic power generation system.
In one particular embodiment, the controller 30 includes: the first comparison unit and the second comparison unit; the first comparing unit is configured to compare the first sampling current with a first preset threshold, generate a first alarm signal if the first sampling current is greater than the first preset threshold, and disconnect the first controllable switch 12 according to the first alarm signal; the second comparing unit is configured to compare the second sampling current with a second preset threshold, generate a second alarm signal if the second sampling current is greater than the second preset threshold, and disconnect the second controllable switch 22 according to the second alarm signal; wherein the alarm signal comprises the first alarm signal and the second alarm signal.
Optionally, the first comparing unit is further configured to generate a signal for controlling an inverter in the photovoltaic power generation system to be turned off according to the first alarm signal during grid-connected operation.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the first current detection unit 11 includes: a first current sensor; the first current sensor is used for directly detecting the first sampling current; and/or, the second current detecting unit 21 includes: a second current sensor; the second current sensor is used for directly detecting the second sampling current.
In a specific embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the first detection module 10 further includes: a first overcurrent protection unit 13 connected in series with the first current detection unit 11; and/or, the second detection module 20 further includes: and a second overcurrent protection unit 23 connected in series with the second current detection unit 21.
Alternatively, the first and second overcurrent protection units 13 and 23 may be fuses or fuses.
When the first controllable switch 12 and the second controllable switch 22 cannot be effectively disconnected due to an abnormal condition, if a ground fault occurs as shown in fig. 3 to 6, the first overcurrent protection unit 13 or the second overcurrent protection unit 23 is blown; the controller 30 acquires the open circuit state of the first overcurrent protection unit 13 or the second overcurrent protection unit 23, and gives an alarm to prevent the inverter from being started or shut down, thereby ensuring the system safety.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 7, when the second controllable switch 22 cannot be effectively disconnected due to an abnormal condition, the grounding point G5 causes a short circuit between the positive and negative electrodes through the second controllable switch 22, the second current detection unit 21 and the second overcurrent protection unit 23, so that the second overcurrent protection unit 23 is blown, the controller 30 obtains the open circuit state of the second overcurrent protection unit 23, and sends an alarm to disallow the inverter to be turned on or turned off, thereby ensuring the system safety.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a single-point grounding system which comprises the grounding fault detection device. The single-point grounding system comprises a photovoltaic power generation system consisting of a photovoltaic array, an inverter, an alternating current switch and the like, and pre-detection of the system before grid connection and real-time detection during grid connection operation are realized through the grounding fault detection device, so that the system safety is ensured.
As shown in fig. 8, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a ground fault detection method, including:
101, acquiring a first sampling current between a grounding electrode and the ground when the grounding electrode of a photovoltaic power generation system is grounded and a non-grounding electrode is not grounded;
102, acquiring a second sampling current between a non-grounding electrode and the ground when the non-grounding electrode of the photovoltaic power generation system is grounded and the grounding electrode is not grounded;
103, judging whether a direct current side of the photovoltaic power generation system before grid connection and a direct current side and an alternating current side of the photovoltaic power generation system in grid connection operation have ground faults or not according to the first sampling current and the second sampling current, and if the ground faults exist, sending an alarm signal.
In one embodiment, step 103 specifically includes the following steps:
1031, comparing the first sampling current with a first preset threshold, if the first sampling current is greater than the first preset threshold, generating a first alarm signal, and disconnecting the grounding electrode from the ground according to the first alarm signal;
step 1032, comparing the second sampling current with a second preset threshold, if the second sampling current is greater than the second preset threshold, generating a second alarm signal, and disconnecting the non-grounding electrode from the ground according to the second alarm signal;
wherein the alarm signal comprises the first alarm signal and the second alarm signal.
On the basis of the above embodiment, the ground fault detection method further includes:
and 104, controlling an inverter in the photovoltaic power generation system to be closed according to the first alarm signal in grid-connected operation.
According to the ground fault detection method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the first sampling current between the ground electrode and the ground when the ground electrode of the photovoltaic power generation system is grounded and the non-ground electrode is not grounded and the second sampling current between the non-ground electrode and the ground when the non-ground electrode of the photovoltaic power generation system is grounded and the ground electrode is not grounded are respectively obtained, and whether the ground fault exists is judged according to the first sampling current and the second sampling current, so that the multi-point ground fault of the photovoltaic power generation system in grid-connected operation before grid connection can be effectively detected, and the normal operation of the system is ensured.
The terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that all or part of the steps carried by the method for implementing the above embodiments may be implemented by hardware related to instructions of a program, which may be stored in a computer readable storage medium, and when the program is executed, the program includes one or a combination of the steps of the method embodiments.
In addition, functional units in the embodiments of the present invention may be integrated into one processing module, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units are integrated into one module. The integrated module can be realized in a hardware mode, and can also be realized in a software functional module mode. The integrated module, if implemented in the form of a software functional module and sold or used as a stand-alone product, may also be stored in a computer readable storage medium.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. Ground fault detection device, its characterized in that includes: the device comprises a first detection module, a second detection module and a controller;
the first detection module is connected with a grounding electrode of the photovoltaic power generation system at one end and grounded at the other end and comprises a first controllable switch and a first current detection unit which are connected in series;
the second detection module is connected with a non-grounding electrode of the photovoltaic power generation system at one end and grounded at the other end and comprises a second controllable switch and a second current detection unit which are connected in series;
the first current detection unit is used for acquiring a first sampling current between the grounding electrode and the ground when the first controllable switch is closed and the second controllable switch is opened, and sending the first sampling current to the controller;
the second current detection unit is used for acquiring a second sampling current between the non-grounding electrode and the ground when the second controllable switch is closed and the first controllable switch is opened, and sending the second sampling current to the controller;
the controller is used for judging whether a direct current side of the photovoltaic power generation system before grid connection and a direct current side and an alternating current side of the photovoltaic power generation system in grid connection operation have ground faults or not according to the first sampling current and the second sampling current, and if the ground faults exist, an alarm signal is sent;
the controller includes a switch control unit;
the switch control unit is used for controlling the first controllable switch and the second controllable switch to be alternately closed before the photovoltaic power generation system is connected to the grid, and controlling the first controllable switch to be closed during the grid-connected operation of the photovoltaic power generation system.
2. The ground fault detection device of claim 1, wherein the controller comprises: the first comparison unit and the second comparison unit;
the first comparing unit is used for comparing the first sampling current with a first preset threshold value, if the first sampling current is greater than the first preset threshold value, generating a first alarm signal, and disconnecting the first controllable switch according to the first alarm signal;
the second comparing unit is configured to compare the second sampling current with a second preset threshold, generate a second alarm signal if the second sampling current is greater than the second preset threshold, and disconnect the second controllable switch according to the second alarm signal;
wherein the alarm signal comprises the first alarm signal and the second alarm signal.
3. The ground fault detection device according to claim 2, wherein the first comparison unit is further configured to generate a signal for controlling an inverter in the photovoltaic power generation system to be turned off according to the first alarm signal during grid-connected operation.
4. The ground fault detection device of claim 1,
the first current detection unit includes: a first current sensor for directly detecting the first sampling current;
and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the second current detection unit includes: a second current sensor for directly detecting the second sampling current.
5. The ground fault detection device according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
the first detection module further comprises: a first overcurrent protection unit connected in series with the first current detection unit;
and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the second detection module further comprises: and the second overcurrent protection unit is connected with the second current detection unit in series.
6. Single point earthing system, characterized in that it comprises an earth fault detection device according to any one of claims 1-4.
7. A ground fault detection method, comprising:
controlling a grounding electrode and a non-grounding electrode of a photovoltaic power generation system to be alternately grounded before the photovoltaic power generation system is connected to the grid; controlling the grounding electrode of the photovoltaic power generation system to be grounded in the grid-connected operation of the photovoltaic power generation system;
acquiring a first sampling current between a grounding electrode and the ground when the grounding electrode of the photovoltaic power generation system is grounded and a non-grounding electrode is not grounded;
acquiring a second sampling current between a non-grounding electrode and the ground when the non-grounding electrode of the photovoltaic power generation system is grounded and the grounding electrode is not grounded;
and judging whether the direct current side of the photovoltaic power generation system before grid connection and the direct current side and the alternating current side have ground faults in grid connection operation according to the first sampling current and the second sampling current, and if the ground faults exist, sending an alarm signal.
8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the step of determining whether a ground fault exists at a direct current side of the photovoltaic power generation system before grid connection and at a direct current side and an alternating current side during grid connection operation according to the first sampling current and the second sampling current, and if the ground fault exists, sending an alarm signal includes:
comparing the first sampling current with a first preset threshold, if the first sampling current is larger than the first preset threshold, generating a first alarm signal, and disconnecting the grounding electrode from the ground according to the first alarm signal;
comparing the second sampling current with a second preset threshold, if the second sampling current is larger than the second preset threshold, generating a second alarm signal, and disconnecting the non-grounding electrode from the ground according to the second alarm signal;
wherein the alarm signal comprises the first alarm signal and the second alarm signal.
9. The ground fault detection method of claim 8, further comprising:
and controlling an inverter in the photovoltaic power generation system to be closed according to the first alarm signal in grid-connected operation.
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| CN110687476B (en) * | 2019-10-16 | 2022-02-18 | 阳光电源股份有限公司 | Grounding detection method and application equipment thereof |
| CN112034283B (en) * | 2020-08-19 | 2023-04-07 | 重庆尚翔电气技术有限公司 | Device, system and process for detecting and positioning aluminum electrolysis cell ground fault |
| CN113608145B (en) * | 2021-07-14 | 2023-04-11 | 厦门科华数能科技有限公司 | Multi-path photovoltaic module ground fault detection device and detection method |
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