CN109186784B - Laser pulse high dynamic range contrast measuring method based on contrast reduction technology - Google Patents
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Abstract
The novel laser pulse high dynamic range contrast measurement method based on the contrast reduction technology reduces the requirements of contrast measurement on data acquisition components and parts by reducing the contrast of laser pulses, breaks through the limitation of the limited dynamic range of the acquisition components and parts on the contrast measurement dynamic range, realizes laser pulse high contrast measurement, and provides important parameter support for the contrast promotion and application research of high-contrast laser pulses.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to contrast measurement of laser pulses, in particular to a laser high dynamic range pulse contrast measurement method based on a contrast reduction technology.
Background
The ultrashort laser pulse has important application in the important frontier scientific research fields of laser particle acceleration, laboratory celestial body physics, plasma physics and the like. The development of ultra-strong and ultra-short laser system is greatly promoted by the occurrence of chirped pulse amplification technology (hereinafter abbreviated as CPA), and the peak power is beat watt (PW, 10)15W) laser systems are built around the world in sequence, and 10PW and 100PW ultrashort laser systems will come out in sequence, which makes more than 1021W/cm2Extreme physical conditions of magnitude focusing intensity are realized in a laboratory, and a brand new means is provided for the interaction of the high-field laser and the substance. However, the ultrastrong pulses generated by laser systems based on CPA technology are accompanied by leading edge small pulses with focusing intensities exceeding 109W/cm2During the interaction of light with a substance, such a high intensity leading small pulse can interact with the substance to create a pre-plasma before the main pulse reaches the substance, thereby disrupting the conditions under which the main pulse interacts with the substance and affecting the results obtained. It can be seen that the laser pulse temporal contrast (i.e. the relative intensity relationship between the main pulse and other components in the laser pulse) is an important parameter of the laser pulse, and the measurement and understanding thereof are necessary tasks for the interaction between the intense laser pulse and the substance. Meanwhile, the measurement of the pulse contrast also provides important guidance for the improvement of the pulse contrast.
Different repetition frequencies based on ultrashort laser pulses have been proposedVarious multi-shot and single-shot contrast measurement methods are provided. The typical multi-contrast measuring method is a scanning type third-order cross-correlation method, and the dynamic range of the measurement can reach 1012. The single-shot contrast measurement mainly comprises two single-shot measurement methods based on time-space coding and time-frequency domain conversion, and the dynamic measurement ranges of the two methods can reach 1010And 108。
As previously mentioned, the current edge small pulse focusing peak power density exceeds 109W/cm2The conditions under which the main pulse interacts with the substance are destroyed and the results obtained are affected. This reaches a focus peak power density of 1021W/cm2Of order or even 1024W/cm2Laser pulse of order of magnitude, the contrast of which is greater than 1012Even up to 1015. For the PW-magnitude ultrashort laser pulse laser system, due to the high-power characteristic, the repetition frequency is extremely low, even the system usually runs in a single shot mode, and the existing single shot contrast ratio measuring method can only reach 1010The measurement of (2) does not provide any guidance for the pulse contrast enhancement and use of laser systems with higher dynamic ranges.
The invention provides a novel method for measuring the contrast of a laser pulse with a high dynamic range based on a contrast reduction technology, which comprises the following steps of firstly, reducing the contrast of an incident laser pulse (the reduction amount can be calculated); then, carrying out contrast measurement on the laser pulse with reduced contrast to obtain the pulse contrast information at the moment; and finally, restoring the contrast information of the original incident laser pulse by combining the contrast information and the contrast reduction amount of the pulse with reduced contrast obtained by measurement. By the measuring method, the limitation of the dynamic range of the measuring element can be broken through, the single-shot measurement of the laser pulse contrast with a high dynamic range is realized, and important parameter support is provided for further promotion and application research of the laser pulse contrast. By the invention, the dynamic range of single-shot contrast measurement is improved by about one order of magnitude.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a laser pulse high dynamic range contrast measuring method based on a contrast reduction technology, so that the contrast of a high-contrast laser pulse system can be measured, and important parameter support is provided for further contrast improvement and use of laser pulses.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows:
a laser pulse high dynamic range contrast measuring method based on a contrast reduction technology comprises a beam splitting sheet (1), a plain film (2), a contrast reduction device (3), a plane mirror (4), a pulse purification device (5) and a two-dimensional imaging spectrometer (6).
The positional relationship of the above devices is as follows: incident light is divided into two beams by the beam splitter (1), one beam of light passes through the flat sheet (2), a small reference pulse is introduced to the rear edge of a main pulse of the incident light in a time domain by utilizing the reflection of the front and rear surfaces of the flat sheet (2), and for the incident light introduced with the small reference pulse, the contrast is reduced by utilizing a contrast reduction device (3) to obtain light to be detected with reduced contrast; and the other beam of light forms reference light through the pulse purification device (5), any beam of light in the reference light and the light to be detected with reduced contrast is reflected by the plane reflector (4), and the other beam of light passes through the upper part or the lower part of the plane reflector (4) and is coupled into the two-dimensional imaging spectrometer (6).
The principle of introducing the small reference pulse into the beam of light split by the beam splitting chip (1) by using the flat chip (2) is as follows: the incident light main pulse is used for reflecting on the front surface and the rear surface of the flat sheet (2), small pulses with determined normalized intensity are introduced at determined time positions to be used as reference small pulses, the thickness of the flat sheet is L, the refractive index is n, the reflectivity of the front surface and the rear surface is r1 and r2 respectively, the speed of light in vacuum is c, the time positions of the obtained reference small pulses are at the position t & lt 2nL/c after the main pulse, and the normalized intensity of the obtained reference small pulses relative to the main pulse is I1 & lt r1 & lt 1 & gt r 2.
The contrast reduction device (3) reduces the contrast of the laser pulse introduced with the reference small pulse by using the existing methods such as the reverse saturation absorption effect, the frequency doubling effect, the optical Kerr lens effect and the like, wherein the principle of reducing the contrast by the reverse saturation absorption effect is as follows: in the time domain, the energy of the main pulse of the incident light after the reference small pulse is introduced is higher by several orders of magnitude than that of other components (for example, for a general titanium sapphire laser, the intensity of the main pulse in the emergent laser pulse is lower by more than three orders of magnitude), when the incident pulse passes through a reverse saturation absorption medium, the power density of the main pulse triggers the reverse saturation absorption effect to be absorbed, and the other components cannot trigger the reverse saturation absorption effect due to the power density and are not attenuated, so that the reduction of the contrast is realized; the principle of reducing contrast by the frequency doubling effect is as follows: in the time domain, the energy of the main pulse of the incident light after the reference small pulse is introduced is higher by several orders of magnitude than that of other components (for example, for a general titanium sapphire laser, the intensity of the main pulse in the emergent laser pulse is lower by more than three orders of magnitude), when the incident pulse passes through the frequency doubling crystal, the power density of the main pulse triggers the frequency doubling effect and is converted into frequency doubling light, and the other components cannot trigger the frequency doubling effect due to the power density and are not attenuated, so that the reduction of the contrast is realized; the principle of contrast reduction by the optical kerr lens effect is: for the light beam with the light spot intensity distribution in a Gaussian shape, the energy of the main pulse of the incident light after the reference small pulse is introduced is higher by several orders of magnitude than that of other components (for example, for a common titanium sapphire laser, the main pulse in the emergent laser pulse is lower in intensity and higher by more than three orders of magnitude), when the incident pulse passes through a three-order nonlinear medium, the power density of the main pulse triggers the optical Kerr lens effect, so that the propagation direction of the main pulse is subjected to transient modulation of the generated optical Kerr lens effect, the propagation direction is changed, and the other components cannot trigger the Kerr lens effect due to the power density and still propagate according to the original propagation direction, and then the laser pulse to be measured with reduced contrast can be obtained in a proper area in the output light spot section.
The pulse purification device (5) can utilize one effect of the existing cross polarized wave generation, self diffraction effect and transient grating effect to realize pulse purification, and the central frequency of the obtained reference light is consistent with that of the incident light.
The two-dimensional imaging spectrometer (6) is a common spectrometer composed of a grating and two-dimensional imaging components.
The method for measuring the laser pulse contrast by the contrast measuring device comprises the following steps: in the two-dimensional imaging spectrometer (6), a spectral interference fringe similar to that shown in fig. 2 is obtained, a two-dimensional fourier transform process is performed on the spectral interference fringe to obtain two-dimensional intensity information similar to that shown in fig. 3, a row of the interference term of the two-dimensional intensity information (i.e., two bright band-shaped bright spots deviated from the center of the Y axis in fig. 3 and located around 200 and 300 of the Y axis coordinate in the figure) with the strongest intensity is taken to obtain a square value, that is, contrast information of the to-be-measured light with reduced contrast is obtained, in the obtained contrast information of the to-be-measured light with reduced contrast, the intensity relationship between the reference small pulse and the main pulse at that time can be obtained, and the intensity ratio between the front and rear two pulses is I2, then the contrast reduction amount of the incident pulse by the contrast reduction device (3) is I2/I1, the contrast information of the incident pulse is restored only by multiplying the main pulse intensity of the obtained contrast information of the light to be measured with reduced contrast by I.
The invention has the following remarkable characteristics:
the contrast of the laser pulse to be measured is reduced, so that the requirement on a data acquisition element in the contrast measurement process is reduced, the limitation of the dynamic range of the acquisition element to the dynamic range of contrast measurement is broken through, and the contrast measurement of the laser pulse with a high dynamic range is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an example apparatus.
Fig. 2 is a spectral interference fringe collected by the two-dimensional imaging spectrometer (6).
Fig. 3 is two-dimensional intensity information obtained by performing two-dimensional fourier transform processing on the spectral interference fringes shown in fig. 2.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, in the schematic diagram of the device of the embodiment, incident light is introduced into the device in the direction indicated by an arrow, and the incident light is split into two beams by a beam splitter 1.
One of the light beams passes through the flat sheet 2, a reference small pulse R is introduced at the rear edge of the main pulse of the incident light in a time domain by utilizing the reflection of the front and rear surfaces of the flat sheet 2, and for the incident light introduced with the reference small pulse R, the contrast is reduced by utilizing a contrast reduction device 3 (the contrast is reduced by utilizing the optical limiting effect or the optical Kerr lens effect in the invention), so that the light to be measured with the reduced contrast is obtained.
The other light is used to generate reference light having a center frequency identical to that of the incident light by a pulse cleaning device 5 (pulse cleaning is achieved by one of cross-polarized wave generation, self-diffraction effect, and transient grating effect in the present invention).
The reference light is reflected by the plane reflector 4, and the light to be measured with reduced contrast passes through the plane reflector 4 above or below. Thus, the two light beams have a certain included angle in the vertical direction and are collinear in the projection in the horizontal plane, and finally the two light beams are coupled into the two-dimensional imaging spectrometer 6, and in the two-dimensional imaging spectrometer 6, the spectral interference fringe similar to that shown in fig. 2 can be obtained.
The two-dimensional fourier transform processing is performed on the obtained spectral interference fringes, and two-dimensional intensity information similar to that shown in fig. 3 can be obtained.
(one) measurement result of contrast reduction using optical limiting effect
Here, a malononitrile derivative (2- [ Bis- (4' - (di (2,5,8,11, 14-pentaoxadecano-16-yl) amino) -biphenyl-4-yl) -methyl-ene is selected]Malononitrile, LBDBP for short) as a reverse saturable absorber material, to measure 1kHz/50fs/800nm/3.7mJ laser pulses emitted from a titanium sapphire laser. Line of LBDBP to 800nm laser pulsesThe absorptive absorption is nearly negligible and has good optical limiting properties. We first measure its optical limiting characteristics. LBDBP is placed in a fused silica cuvette with an optical path of 1mm and a wall thickness of 1mm, the spot diameter of incident light is 5mm, a sample is in a liquid state at a temperature of 85 ℃, the transmittance is reduced along with the increase of the incident light power density, and the power density is 19GW/cm2The transmission reached the lowest 16.7% of the measured value, at which point the sample was not damaged.
A two-dimensional imaging spectrometer (SP750i, Princeton Instruments,600line/mm graduating) is used to obtain a spectral interference fringe similar to that shown in fig. 2, and two-dimensional fourier transform processing is performed on the obtained spectral interference fringe to obtain two-dimensional intensity information similar to that shown in fig. 3, and a row with the strongest interference item between the reference pulse and the pulse to be measured is taken, and a square value of the row is obtained to obtain contrast information of the laser pulse to be measured with reduced contrast.
We compared the measured contrast with or without reverse saturable absorption, and at about 5ps we introduced a reference pulse R through a 0.5mm fused silica glass plate with a normalized intensity of 2.19X 10 without contrast attenuation by LBDBP-4When the laser pulse to be measured is subjected to contrast attenuation by LBDBP, the normalized intensity is 1.02 multiplied by 10-3The contrast decreases by a factor of about 5, and from another perspective the dynamic range of the measurement increases by a factor of 5.
(II) contrast reduction measurement using the Kerr lens Effect
When the Kerr lens effect is used for reducing the contrast, in order to intercept a light beam of a specific area of a laser pulse to be measured with reduced contrast, a cylindrical lens L1 with the focal length of 1000mm is used for focusing the light beam, a fused quartz glass sheet with the thickness of 1mm is placed at a position about 100mm behind the focal point of L1 to serve as a Kerr medium, the laser pulse to be measured passes through the Kerr lens effect, then another cylindrical lens is used for collimation, a partial area in a light spot is intercepted by a slit to serve as the laser pulse to be measured with reduced contrast, and the laser pulse to be measured is guided into a spectrometer for measurement. Similar to the result of contrast reduction by LBDBP, a two-dimensional imaging spectrometer (SP750i, Princeton Instruments,600line/mm gradient) is used to obtain a spectral interference fringe similar to that shown in fig. 2, and two-dimensional fourier transform processing is performed on the obtained spectral interference fringe to obtain two-dimensional intensity information similar to that shown in fig. 3, and in the spatial frequency domain, a row with the strongest interference term between the reference pulse and the pulse to be measured is taken, and the square value of the row is obtained to obtain contrast information of the laser pulse to be measured with reduced contrast.
At about 5ps, we introduced a reference pulse R through a 0.5mm fused silica glass slab with a normalized intensity of 9.20X 10 when the laser pulse to be measured is not contrast attenuated by the Kerr lens effect-4When the laser pulse to be measured undergoes contrast attenuation by the kerr lens effect, the normalized intensity is 0.0156, the contrast is reduced by about 17 times, and in another aspect, the dynamic range of measurement is improved by 17 times.
In summary, we utilize two different contrast reduction mechanisms to increase the dynamic range of the proposed measurement method by 5 times and 17 times, respectively. With the further development of the anti-saturation absorption material and the further improvement of the contrast reduction capability, the invention can realize the single-shot measurement of the time domain contrast with a higher dynamic range of the ultrashort laser pulse.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a measuring device of high dynamic range contrast of laser pulse based on contrast reduces technique which characterized in that its constitution includes beam splitting piece (1), plain film (2), contrast reduction device (3), plane mirror (4), pulse purifier (5) and two-dimensional imaging spectrometer (6):
incident light is divided into two beams by the beam splitter (1), one beam of light passes through the flat sheet (2), a small reference pulse is introduced to the rear edge of a main pulse of the incident light in a time domain by utilizing the reflection of the front and rear surfaces of the flat sheet (2), and for the incident light introduced with the small reference pulse, the contrast is reduced by utilizing a contrast reduction device (3) to obtain light to be detected with reduced contrast; and the other beam of light forms reference light through the pulse purification device (5), any beam of light in the reference light and the light to be detected with reduced contrast is reflected by the plane reflector (4), and the other beam of light passes through the upper part or the lower part of the plane reflector (4) and is coupled into the two-dimensional imaging spectrometer (6).
2. The laser pulse high dynamic range contrast measuring device based on the contrast reduction technology according to claim 1, wherein the principle of the flat sheet (2) for introducing the reference small pulse into the beam of light split by the beam splitting sheet (1) by using the flat sheet (2) is as follows: the incident light main pulse is used for reflecting on the front surface and the rear surface of the flat sheet (2), small pulses with determined normalized intensity are introduced at determined time positions to be used as reference small pulses, the thickness of the flat sheet is L, the refractive index is n, the reflectivity of the front surface and the rear surface is r1 and r2 respectively, the speed of light in vacuum is c, the time positions of the obtained reference small pulses are at the position t & lt 2nL/c after the main pulse, and the normalized intensity of the obtained reference small pulses relative to the main pulse is I1 & lt r1 & lt 1 & gt r 2.
3. The apparatus for measuring the laser pulse high dynamic range contrast based on the contrast reduction technique according to claim 1, wherein the contrast reduction apparatus (3) performs contrast reduction on the laser pulse introduced with the reference small pulse by using the existing methods of the anti-saturation absorption effect, the frequency doubling effect, the optical kerr lens effect, etc., wherein the principle of reducing the contrast by the anti-saturation absorption effect is as follows: in the time domain, the energy of the main pulse of the incident light after the reference small pulse is introduced is higher by several orders of magnitude than that of other components (for example, for a general titanium sapphire laser, the intensity of the main pulse in the emergent laser pulse is lower by more than three orders of magnitude), when the incident pulse passes through a reverse saturation absorption medium, the power density of the main pulse triggers the reverse saturation absorption effect to be absorbed, and the other components cannot trigger the reverse saturation absorption effect due to the power density and are not attenuated, so that the reduction of the contrast is realized; the principle of reducing contrast by the frequency doubling effect is as follows: in the time domain, the energy of the main pulse of the incident light after the reference small pulse is introduced is higher by several orders of magnitude than that of other components (for example, for a general titanium sapphire laser, the intensity of the main pulse in the emergent laser pulse is lower by more than three orders of magnitude), when the incident pulse passes through the frequency doubling crystal, the power density of the main pulse triggers the frequency doubling effect and is converted into frequency doubling light, and the other components cannot trigger the frequency doubling effect due to the power density and are not attenuated, so that the reduction of the contrast is realized; the principle of contrast reduction by the optical kerr lens effect is: for the light beam with the light spot intensity distribution in a Gaussian shape, the energy of the main pulse of the incident light after the reference small pulse is introduced is higher by several orders of magnitude than that of other components (for example, for a common titanium sapphire laser, the main pulse in the emergent laser pulse is lower in intensity and higher by more than three orders of magnitude), when the incident pulse passes through a three-order nonlinear medium, the power density of the main pulse triggers the optical Kerr lens effect, so that the propagation direction of the main pulse is subjected to transient modulation of the generated optical Kerr lens effect, the propagation direction is changed, and the other components cannot trigger the Kerr lens effect due to the power density and still propagate according to the original propagation direction, and then the laser pulse to be measured with reduced contrast can be obtained in a proper area in the output light spot section.
4. The apparatus for measuring the laser pulse high dynamic range contrast based on the contrast reduction technique according to claim 1, wherein the pulse cleaning apparatus (5) can use one of the existing cross polarized wave generation, self diffraction effect and transient grating effect to achieve pulse cleaning, and the center frequency of the obtained reference light is consistent with the center frequency of the incident light.
5. The contrast-reduction-technology-based laser pulse high dynamic range contrast measurement device according to claim 1, wherein the two-dimensional imaging spectrometer (6) is a common spectrometer composed of a grating and two-dimensional imaging components.
6. The laser pulse high dynamic range contrast measuring device based on the contrast reduction technology according to claim 1, wherein the contrast measuring device is used for measuring the laser pulse contrast: using the apparatus of claim 1, spectral interference fringes are obtained in the two-dimensional imaging spectrometer (6), performing two-dimensional Fourier transform processing on the spectrum interference oblique fringes to obtain two-dimensional intensity information, solving a square value from a row with the strongest intensity of interference items of the two-dimensional intensity information, that is, the contrast information of the light to be measured whose contrast is lowered, in the obtained contrast information of the light to be measured whose contrast is lowered, obtaining the intensity relation between the introduced reference small pulse and the main pulse at the moment, and enabling the intensity ratio of the introduced reference small pulse to the main pulse to be I2, the contrast reduction means (3) reduces the contrast of the incident pulse by an amount I-I2/I1, the contrast information of the incident pulse is restored only by multiplying the main pulse intensity of the obtained contrast information of the light to be measured with reduced contrast by I.
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| US7557917B1 (en) * | 2004-05-08 | 2009-07-07 | Collectors Universe, Inc. | System and method for analysis of gemstones |
| JP2010250208A (en) * | 2009-04-20 | 2010-11-04 | Funai Electric Co Ltd | Image display device and control method for the image display device |
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| CN101294791B (en) * | 2007-04-28 | 2010-11-17 | 财团法人工业技术研究院 | Method for dynamically measuring interference signal analysis |
| CN104215948B (en) * | 2014-08-22 | 2017-05-10 | 西安空间无线电技术研究所 | Spaceborne SAR echo correction and pulse compression method based on reference signals |
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| US7557917B1 (en) * | 2004-05-08 | 2009-07-07 | Collectors Universe, Inc. | System and method for analysis of gemstones |
| CN101339076A (en) * | 2008-08-13 | 2009-01-07 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | Picosecond pulse contrast single measurement instrument |
| JP2010250208A (en) * | 2009-04-20 | 2010-11-04 | Funai Electric Co Ltd | Image display device and control method for the image display device |
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