CN109184837A - LNG Power Vessel fuel cold energy generates electricity gradient utilization system and using method entirely - Google Patents

LNG Power Vessel fuel cold energy generates electricity gradient utilization system and using method entirely Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109184837A
CN109184837A CN201810927425.5A CN201810927425A CN109184837A CN 109184837 A CN109184837 A CN 109184837A CN 201810927425 A CN201810927425 A CN 201810927425A CN 109184837 A CN109184837 A CN 109184837A
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lng
working medium
heat
input terminal
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CN109184837B (en
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姚寿广
孙晓飞
冯国增
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Jiangsu University of Science and Technology
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Jiangsu University of Science and Technology
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K27/00—Plants for converting heat or fluid energy into mechanical energy, not otherwise provided for
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
    • F01D15/10—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K17/00—Using steam or condensate extracted or exhausted from steam engine plant
    • F01K17/06—Returning energy of steam, in exchanged form, to process, e.g. use of exhaust steam for drying solid fuel or plant
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
    • F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
    • F01K25/10—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours the vapours being cold, e.g. ammonia, carbon dioxide, ether
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0203—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels characterised by the type of gaseous fuel
    • F02M21/0215—Mixtures of gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Biogas; Mine gas; Landfill gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/06—Apparatus for de-liquefying, e.g. by heating
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/30—Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)

Abstract

It generates electricity full gradient utilization system and using method the invention discloses a kind of LNG Power Vessel fuel cold energy, LNG fuel cold energy is utilized by power generation using the Rankine cycle power generation of lateral three-level nesting step by step, the high-temperature flue gas generated in three-level Rankine cycle power generation using marine main engine simultaneously is as heat source, the cascade utilization and flue gas low grade residual heat for realizing LNG cold energy are for generating electricity；Every grade uses single generating working medium, pass through control LNG evaporation, achieve the purpose that improve system effectiveness using mixed power generation working medium, 40~50% have been reached to the utilization efficiency of LNG cold energy, LNG cold energy is completely used for generating electricity, compared to the other utilization mode of LNG cold energy, generating electricity entirely, most economical, applicability is most wide.

Description

LNG Power Vessel fuel cold energy generates electricity gradient utilization system and using method entirely
Technical field
System and side the present invention relates to LNG cold energy use field, especially LNG Power Vessel fuel cold energy for power generation Method.
Background technique
What adjoint economy flourished is the following various environmental pollutions and energy shortage problem, liquefied natural gas (Liquefied Natural Gas, LNG) because of its environmental protection, reserves are big etc., and characteristics are advocated energetically by international energy circle.LNG belongs to Low-temperature energy sources are typically stored at -162 DEG C, different according to the demand of terminal user, and LNG need to reach corresponding by regasifying process Temperature.It is using heating of seawater that traditional LNG, which is regasified, and the method is lost a large amount of cold energy in vain, and need to disappear Consume a large amount of pump work.Therefore, domestic and foreign scholars have carried out a large amount of research to the recycling of LNG cold energy.Temperature during LNG is regasified Span is big, and the efficiency that existing single-stage utilizes is lower, such as light using LNG vaporization progress air separation, lighter hydrocarbons separation, power generation, seawater Change, freezer, air-conditioning etc..Wherein LNG cold energy generation is most economical method, mainly there is six kinds, respectively direct expansion method, Rankine Round-robin method, combined cycle method, Brayton cycle method, card Linne round-robin method and multistage composite round-robin method.Current existing LNG cold energy Generation technology surrounds Rankine cycle mostly to carry out.
The power generation of mixed working fluid step and remaining cooling capacity output system and method (country origin: China, disclosure using LNG cold energy Number: 106939802A, publication date: 2017-7-11) disclose a kind of three-level nested type LNG cold energy utilization device.In the system LNG successively after the first order to the third level LNG cold energy generation circulatory system, exchanges heat, then enter use through seawater temperature adjustment with refrigerant Family end；The second level and third level Rankine cycle are using seawater and refrigerant as heat source；The first order is cold with LNG with third level Rankine cycle Source；Pressurized working medium Cooling and Heat Source each other is pumped in working medium and first order circulation in the circulation of the second level after expansion work.The set Three-level Rankine cycle in system is all made of mixed working fluid, therefore proposes higher requirement to the proportion of working medium, and with seawater tune Temperature loses system cold energy in vain.
A kind of energy cascade method of comprehensive utilization of cold energy of liquefied natural gas (country origin: China, publication number: 102967099A, Publication date: 2013-3-13) to disclose be to generate electricity the LNG cold energy of deep cooling part being converted to electric energy with Rankine cycle first； Then using refrigerant, the LNG cold energy recycling of cold part is used for cold storage cooling supply by, meanwhile, pass through control Rankine cycle power generation The pressure for vaporization of generating working medium in the process, cold energy needed for making liquid generating working medium vaporize the cold energy and cold storage released Temperature Matching, the cold energy that generating working medium high-pressure vaporization is discharged is as the cold source of cold storage cooling supply；Then, by shallow cold part LNG cold energy recycles the cold source as freezer plant area air-conditioning system, supplies to freezer product processing workshop, office building and storage storehouse It is cold.In above-mentioned LNG cold energy stepped utilization method, the variation of the thermic load of freezer and other building areas needs to increase this set system Cumbersome controling adjustment device.
A kind of multistage coupling LNG cold energy use cycle generating system (country origin: China, publication number: 106150578A, disclosure Date: 2016-11-23) disclose a kind of three level shunt Rankine cycle power generator of vertical type.LNG successively passes through three as cold source Grade Rankine cycle, the first order and second level Rankine cycle are respectively heat with the working medium after expansion work in the second level and the third level Source, the third level is then using seawater as heat source；It is shunted after the second level and the cycle fluid expansion work in third level Rankine cycle, respectively It exchanges heat with LNG and the pressurized working medium of upper level.Use 20 DEG C of seawater for heat source in the invention third level Rankine cycle, The Cooling and Heat Source temperature difference is smaller, therefore generating efficiency is lower.
LNG cold energy cascade utilization device (country origin: China, publication number: 205330749U, publication date: 2016-06-22) Disclose a kind of device by LNG cold energy and the residual heat combined application of coal combustion exhaust.Respectively to use R1150 to follow as the Rankine of working medium Ring is generated electricity for the Rankine cycle of working medium using the cold energy of cold-zone in the cold energy and LNG in the cyrogenic region LNG with R170 is used, LNG The cold energy of shallow cold-zone is for carbon dioxide in flue gas liquefaction trapping.Coal combustion exhaust successively passes through the first order as heat source in the invention With second level Rankine cycle, cause Rankine cycle working medium and the Cooling and Heat Source temperature difference larger, heat exchanger efficiency is lower.
Using the LNG cold energy stepped utilization method (country origin: China, publication number: 107940893A, public affairs of cold energy lighter hydrocarbons recovery Open the date: 2018-04-20) disclose a kind of method of LNG cold energy cascade utilization.By -162~-120 DEG C of cyrogenic region cold energy For lighter hydrocarbons recovery, -120~-40 DEG C of middle cold-zone cold energy is recycled for associated gas lime set or dry ice producing, and -40~-15 DEG C shallow cold-zone cold energy be used for sea water desalination.The system has higher utilization rate, but system equipment slightly complicated to LNG cold energy, The control of system is put forward higher requirements.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: in view of the above-mentioned problems, being used to send out by LNG Power Vessel fuel cold energy the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of The system and method for electricity, the cold energy for LNG fuel being needed before being sent into host computer vaporization discharge are completely used for generating electricity.
Technical solution: a kind of LNG Power Vessel fuel cold energy generates electricity gradient utilization system entirely, comprising:
Level-one Rankine cycle generator unit, including pass sequentially through pipeline connect to be formed closed circuit second level LNG heat exchanger, Three-level LNG heat exchanger, level-one turbo-expander, level-one LNG heat exchanger, level-one generating working medium are pumped and are recycled in the closed circuit Level-one generating working medium, level-one turbo-expander drives the work of level-one generating set, and level-one LNG heat exchanger has a pair of of cold source defeated Enter to hold A and cold source output terminals A, a pair of heat source input terminal A and heat source output terminal A, second level LNG heat exchanger has a pair of of cold source input Hold B and cold source output end B, a pair of cold source input terminal C and cold source output end C, a pair of heat source input terminal B and heat source output terminal B, three Grade LNG heat exchanger has a pair of cold source input terminal D and cold source output end D, a pair of cold source input terminal E and cold source output end E, a pair Cold source input terminal F and cold source output end F, a pair of cold source input terminal G and cold source output end G, a pair of heat source input terminal C and heat source are defeated Outlet C, level-one generating working medium pump are connected into cold source input terminal B, and cold source output end B is connected into cold source input terminal D, and cold source output end D connects Enter level-one turbo-expander, level-one turbo-expander is connected into heat source input terminal A, and heat source output terminal A is connected into level-one generating working medium pump；
Second level Rankine cycle generator unit connects including passing sequentially through pipeline to form the three-level LNG of closed circuit and change Hot device, second level turbo-expander, the second level LNG heat exchanger, second level generating working medium pump and recycled in the closed circuit two Grade generating working medium, second level turbo-expander drive the work of secondary generator group, and second level generating working medium pump is connected into cold source input terminal E, Cold source output end E is connected into second level turbo-expander, and second level turbo-expander is connected into heat source input terminal B, and heat source output terminal B is connected into two Grade generating working medium pump；
Three-level Trans-critical cycle Rankine cycle generator unit, including pass sequentially through pipeline connection the three-level LNG heat exchanger, three Grade generating working medium pump, regenerator, flue gas heat-exchange unit, three-level turbo-expander, regenerator have a pair of cold source input terminal H and cold source There is a pair of cold source input terminal I and cold source to export for output end H, a pair of heat source input terminal D and heat source output terminal D, flue gas heat-exchange unit I, a pair of heat source input terminal E and heat source output terminal E are held, three-level generating working medium pump is connected into cold source input terminal H, and cold source output end H connects Enter cold source input terminal I, cold source output end I is connected into three-level turbo-expander, and three-level turbo-expander is connected into heat source input terminal D, heat Source output terminal D is connected into heat source input terminal C, and heat source output terminal C is connected into three-level generating working medium pump, forms closed circuit, and closes at this The three-level generating working medium recycled in circuit is closed, heat source input terminal E is connected into high-temperature flue gas heating, and three-level turbo-expander drives three-level Generating set work,
LNG evaporation side, including pass sequentially through pipeline connection LNG storage tank, LNG booster pump, the level-one LNG heat exchanger, The second level LNG heat exchanger, the three-level LNG heat exchanger, level Four turbo-expander, LNG storage tank, LNG booster pump are sequentially connected After be connected into cold source input terminal A, cold source output terminals A is connected into cold source input terminal C, and cold source output end C is connected into cold source input terminal F, cold source Output end F is connected into level Four turbo-expander, and level Four turbo-expander is connected into cold source input terminal G, and cold source output end G is connected into Power Vessel Host air inlet.
Further, the dew point of level-one generating working medium is lower than the dew point of second level generating working medium, the dew point of second level generating working medium Lower than the dew point of three-level generating working medium.
Further, level-one generating working medium is ethane, and second level generating working medium is propane, and three-level generating working medium is titanium dioxide Carbon.
A kind of above-mentioned LNG Power Vessel fuel cold energy generates electricity the utilization method of gradient utilization system entirely:
LNG evaporation side: LNG fuel sequentially enters level-one LNG heat exchanger, second level LNG heat exchange after the pressurization of LNG booster pump Device, the heat exchange of three-level LNG heat exchanger, LNG absorb heat heating, enter level Four turbo-expander after vaporization with gaseous state and do work and cool down, It is then again introduced into the heat exchange of three-level LNG heat exchanger, LNG heat absorption heating makes the LNG fuel of liquid low temperature be promoted to Power Vessel host Air inlet requires temperature；
Level-one Rankine cycle generator unit: the level-one generating working medium of liquid through level-one generating working medium pump pressurization after, successively into Enter second level LNG heat exchanger, the heat exchange of three-level LNG heat exchanger, level-one generating working medium is absorbed heat heating, enters level-one after vaporization with gaseous state Turbo-expander does work and cools down, and then enters level-one LNG heat exchanger and exchanges heat, and level-one generating working medium is condensed into liquid, recycles It is pumped into level-one generating working medium；
Second level Rankine cycle generator unit: the second level generating working medium of liquid is after the pump pressurization of second level generating working medium, into three Grade LNG heat exchanger heat exchange, second level generating working medium heat absorption heating, enters second level turbo-expander after vaporization with gaseous state and does work and drop Temperature then enters second level LNG heat exchanger and exchanges heat, and second level generating working medium is condensed into liquid, is re-circulated into second level generating working medium pump；
Three-level Trans-critical cycle Rankine cycle generator unit: the three-level generating working medium of liquid through three-level generating working medium pump pressurization after, Regenerator, flue gas heat-exchange unit heat exchange are sequentially entered, three-level generating working medium is absorbed heat heating, enters three-level turbine after vaporization with gaseous state Expanding machine does work and cools down, and then enters regenerator and exchanges heat, and finally enters the heat exchange of three-level LNG heat exchanger, and three-level generating working medium is cold Liquid is congealed into, three-level generating working medium pump is re-circulated into.
Further, LNG fuel is promoted to 0~60 DEG C, 1600kPa is as Power Vessel host air inlet.
Further, the generating working medium temperature range of level-one Rankine cycle power generation is -100~10 DEG C, second level Rankine cycle The generating working medium temperature range of power generation be -60~10 DEG C, three-level Trans-critical cycle Rankine cycle power generation generating working medium temperature range be - 20~300 DEG C.
The utility model has the advantages that compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that
1, LNG fuel cold energy is utilized step by step using the Rankine cycle power generation of lateral three-level nesting and is generated electricity by the present invention, simultaneously The high-temperature flue gas generated in three-level Rankine cycle power generation using marine main engine realizes the cascade utilization of LNG cold energy as heat source, And flue gas low grade residual heat is for generating electricity；Every grade uses single generating working medium, by control LNG evaporation, reaches using mixed Close the purpose that generating working medium improves system effectiveness；
2, compared to the utilization efficiency using traditional rankine cycle power generation to LNG cold energy 20~30%, the present invention lateral three The nested Rankine cycle power generation of grade, greatly improves LNG cold energy use efficiency, and system will not too complex, to LNG cold energy Utilization efficiency reached 40~50%.
3, system and method through the invention, LNG cold energy are completely used for generating electricity, compared to the other utilization of LNG cold energy Mode, generating electricity entirely, most economical, applicability is most wide.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is present system schematic diagram.
Specific embodiment
In the following with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is furture elucidated, these embodiments are merely to illustrate the present invention Rather than it limits the scope of the invention.
A kind of LNG Power Vessel fuel cold energy gradient utilization system that generates electricity entirely specifically includes following four as shown in Fig. 1 Part.
(1) level-one Rankine cycle generator unit.
Level-one Rankine cycle generator unit include pass sequentially through pipeline connect to be formed closed circuit second level LNG heat exchanger 3, Three-level LNG heat exchanger 4, level-one turbo-expander 5, level-one LNG heat exchanger 1, level-one generating working medium pump 2 and in the closed circuits The level-one generating working medium ethane of circulation, level-one turbo-expander 5 drive the work of level-one generating set, and level-one LNG heat exchanger 1 has A pair of of cold source input terminal A101 and cold source output terminals A 102, a pair of heat source input terminal A103 and heat source output terminal A104, second level LNG Heat exchanger 3 has a pair of cold source input terminal B301 and cold source output end B302, a pair of cold source input terminal C303 and cold source output end C304, a pair of heat source input terminal B305 and heat source output terminal B306, three-level LNG heat exchanger 4 have a pair of of cold source input terminal D401 With cold source output end D402, a pair of cold source input terminal E403 and cold source output end E404, a pair of cold source input terminal F405 and cold source Output end F406, a pair of cold source input terminal G407 and cold source output end G408, a pair of heat source input terminal C409 and heat source output terminal C410, level-one generating working medium pump 2 are connected into cold source input terminal B301, and cold source output end B302 is connected into cold source input terminal D401, cold source Output end D402 is connected into level-one turbo-expander 5, and level-one turbo-expander 5 is connected into heat source input terminal A103, heat source output terminal A104 is connected into level-one generating working medium pump 2.
(2) second level Rankine cycle generator unit.
Second level Rankine cycle generator unit include pass sequentially through pipeline connect to be formed closed circuit three-level LNG heat exchanger 4, Second level turbo-expander 7, second level LNG heat exchanger 3, second level generating working medium pump 6 and the second level power generation recycled in the closed circuit Working medium propane, second level turbo-expander 7 drive the work of secondary generator group, and second level generating working medium pump 6 is connected into cold source input terminal E403, cold source output end E404 are connected into second level turbo-expander 7, and second level turbo-expander 7 is connected into heat source input terminal B305, heat source Output end B306 is connected into second level generating working medium pump 6.
(3) three-level Trans-critical cycle Rankine cycle generator unit.
Three-level Trans-critical cycle Rankine cycle generator unit includes the three-level LNG heat exchanger 4 for passing sequentially through pipeline connection, three-level hair Electric working medium pump 8, regenerator 9, flue gas heat-exchange unit 10, three-level turbo-expander 11, regenerator 9 have a pair of of cold source input terminal H901 With cold source output end H902, a pair of heat source input terminal D903 and heat source output terminal D904, flue gas heat-exchange unit 10 has a pair of of cold source Input terminal I1001 and cold source output end I1002, a pair of heat source input terminal E1003 and heat source output terminal E1004, three-level power generation work Matter pump 8 is connected into cold source input terminal H901, and cold source output end H902 is connected into cold source input terminal I1001, and cold source output end I1002 is connected into Three-level turbo-expander 11, three-level turbo-expander 11 are connected into heat source input terminal D903, and it is defeated that heat source output terminal D904 is connected into heat source Enter and hold C409, heat source output terminal C410 is connected into three-level generating working medium pump 8, forms closed circuit, and recycle in the closed circuit Three-level generating working medium carbon dioxide, heat source input terminal E1003 is connected into high-temperature flue gas caused by marine main engine and adds as heat source Heat, three-level turbo-expander 11 drive the work of three-level generating set.
(4) LNG evaporation side.
LNG evaporation side include pass sequentially through pipeline connection LNG storage tank 12, LNG booster pump 13, level-one LNG heat exchanger 1, Second level LNG heat exchanger 3, three-level LNG heat exchanger 4, level Four turbo-expander 14, LNG storage tank 12, LNG booster pump 13 are sequentially connected After be connected into cold source input terminal A101, cold source output terminals A 102 is connected into cold source input terminal C303, and cold source output end C304 is connected into cold source Input terminal F405, cold source output end F406 are connected into level Four turbo-expander 14, and level Four turbo-expander 14 is connected into cold source input terminal G407, cold source output end G408 are connected into Power Vessel host air inlet.
LNG evaporation side is nested in level-one Rankine cycle generator unit, second level Rankine cycle generator unit, three-level across facing simultaneously In boundary's Rankine cycle generator unit, level-one Rankine cycle generator unit is nested in second level Rankine cycle generator unit, three-level across facing In boundary's Rankine cycle generator unit, second level Rankine cycle generator unit is nested in three-level Trans-critical cycle Rankine cycle generator unit. Level-one LNG heat exchanger is provided commonly for LNG evaporation side, level-one Rankine cycle generator unit, and second level LNG heat exchanger is provided commonly for LNG Evaporation side, level-one Rankine cycle generator unit, second level Rankine cycle generator unit, three-level LNG heat exchanger are provided commonly for LNG evaporation Side, level-one Rankine cycle generator unit, second level Rankine cycle generator unit, three-level Trans-critical cycle Rankine cycle generator unit.Level-one The generating working medium temperature range of Rankine cycle power generation is -100~10 DEG C, the generating working medium temperature range of second level Rankine cycle power generation It is -60~10 DEG C, the generating working medium temperature range of three-level Trans-critical cycle Rankine cycle power generation is -20~300 DEG C.Level-one Rankine cycle Generator unit, second level Rankine cycle generator unit, in three-level Trans-critical cycle Rankine cycle generator unit, units at different levels are using single Generating working medium, dew point increase step by step, LNG first with the lower generating working medium steam heat-exchanging of dew point, then with the higher power generation work of dew point Matter steam heat-exchanging realizes the cascade utilization of cold energy by LNG fuel cold energy step by step using generating electricity.
In conjunction with certain Large ocean going vessels, illustrate that LNG Power Vessel fuel cold energy of the present invention generates electricity the benefit of gradient utilization system entirely Use method.Its mol composition of LNG fuel and content used is nitrogen 0.07%, methane 95.85%, ethane 3.1%, propane 0.85%, iso-butane 0.05%, normal butane 0.07%, pentane 0.01%.
The LNG fuel come out from LNG storage tank 12 is 600kPa, -162 DEG C, and LNG vaporization flow needed for marine main engine air inlet is 2560kg/h is pressurized to 2985kPa, LNG booster pump wasted work 5.146kW, into level-one LNG heat exchanger 1 through LNG booster pump 13 It exchanges heat with level-one generating working medium ethane to -86.29 DEG C, enters back into second level LNG heat exchanger 3 and exchange heat with second level generating working medium propane To -38.44 DEG C, enter back into three-level LNG heat exchanger 4 and exchange heat with three-level generating working medium carbon dioxide to 2 DEG C, then with gaseous state into Entering 14 expansion work of level Four turbo-expander to 1600kPa, -30.23 DEG C, level Four turbo-expander output work is 38.33kW, and After be again introduced into three-level LNG heat exchanger 4 and exchange heat with three-level generating working medium carbon dioxide to 2 DEG C, finally enter marine main engine combustion It burns.
110kPa, -63.59 DEG C of the level-one generating working medium ethane come out from level-one turbo-expander 5, flow are 2595kg/h exchanges heat into level-one LNG heat exchanger 1 with LNG, and condensation is pressurized to -89.18 DEG C through level-one generating working medium pump 2 770kPa, level-one generating working medium pump wasted work 1.161kW, enter back into second level LNG heat exchanger 3 and exchange heat with second level generating working medium propane To -38.44 DEG C, enter back into three-level LNG heat exchanger 4 and exchange heat with three-level generating working medium carbon dioxide to 2 DEG C, then with gaseous state into Enter 5 expansion work of level-one turbo-expander and complete circulation, level-one turbo-expander output work is 63.35kW.
124kPa, -30.44 DEG C of the second level generating working medium propane come out from second level turbo-expander 7, flow are 4247kg/h exchanges heat to -39.47 DEG C with level-one generating working medium ethane and LNG into second level LNG heat exchanger 3, generates electricity through second level Working medium pump 6 is pressurized to 420kPa, and second level generating working medium pumps wasted work 0.8049kW, enters back into three-level LNG heat exchanger 4 and sends out with three-level Electrician's matter carbon dioxide exchanges heat to 2 DEG C, then enters 7 expansion work of second level turbo-expander with gaseous state and completes circulation, second level is saturating Flat expanding machine output work is 48.44kW.
3100kPa, 77.42 DEG C of the three-level generating working medium carbon dioxide come out from three-level turbo-expander 11, flow are 9633kg/h exchanges heat into regenerator 9 with after condensing pressurized low-temperature carbon dioxide and exchanging heat to 10 DEG C into three-level LNG Condensation is pressurized to 20000kPa through three-level generating working medium pump 8 to -7 DEG C in device 4, and three-level generating working medium pumps wasted work 62.08kW, then It sequentially enters regenerator 9 and is preheated to 41.37 DEG C, into flue gas heat-exchange unit 10 and flue gas heat exchange to 220 DEG C, then entered with gaseous state 11 expansion work of three-level turbo-expander completes circulation, and three-level turbo-expander output work is 244.8kW.Temperature is 380 DEG C, pressure Power is 100kPa, and flow enters flue gas heat-exchange unit 10 for the flue gas of 5000kg/h and exchanges heat with carbon dioxide, outlet temperature 90.39℃。
On the ship, use 600kPa, -162 DEG C, the LNG fuel of 2560kg/h for cold source, 100kPa, 380 DEG C of ship Oceangoing ship host flue gas is heat source, is generated electricity using the Rankine cycle of three-level nesting and is used for LNG fuel cold energy and flue gas low grade residual heat Power generation, the level-one Rankine cycle output work that generates electricity is 38.33kW, and the second level Rankine cycle output work that generates electricity is 63.35kW, and three-level is across facing Boundary's grade Rankine cycle power generation output work is 244.8kW, system total efficiency 48.06%.

Claims (6)

  1. The gradient utilization system 1. a kind of LNG Power Vessel fuel cold energy generates electricity entirely, characterized by comprising:
    Level-one Rankine cycle generator unit connects the second level LNG heat exchanger to form closed circuit, three-level including passing sequentially through pipeline LNG heat exchanger, level-one turbo-expander, level-one LNG heat exchanger, level-one generating working medium pump and recycled in the closed circuit one Grade generating working medium, level-one turbo-expander drive the work of level-one generating set, and level-one LNG heat exchanger has a pair of of cold source input terminal A and cold source output terminals A, a pair of heat source input terminal A and heat source output terminal A, second level LNG heat exchanger have a pair of of cold source input terminal B With cold source output end B, a pair of cold source input terminal C and cold source output end C, a pair of heat source input terminal B and heat source output terminal B, three-level LNG heat exchanger has a pair of cold source input terminal D and cold source output end D, a pair of cold source input terminal E and cold source output end E, Yi Duileng Source input terminal F and cold source output end F, a pair of cold source input terminal G and cold source output end G, a pair of heat source input terminal C and heat source output C is held, level-one generating working medium pump is connected into cold source input terminal B, and cold source output end B is connected into cold source input terminal D, and cold source output end D is connected into Level-one turbo-expander, level-one turbo-expander are connected into heat source input terminal A, and heat source output terminal A is connected into level-one generating working medium pump；
    Second level Rankine cycle generator unit, including pass sequentially through pipeline connect to be formed closed circuit the three-level LNG heat exchanger, Second level turbo-expander, the second level LNG heat exchanger, second level generating working medium pump and the second level power generation recycled in the closed circuit Working medium, second level turbo-expander drive the work of secondary generator group, and second level generating working medium pump is connected into cold source input terminal E, and cold source is defeated Outlet E is connected into second level turbo-expander, and second level turbo-expander is connected into heat source input terminal B, and heat source output terminal B is connected into second level power generation Working medium pump；
    Three-level Trans-critical cycle Rankine cycle generator unit, the three-level LNG heat exchanger, three-level hair including passing sequentially through pipeline connection There is a pair of cold source input terminal H and cold source to export for electric working medium pump, regenerator, flue gas heat-exchange unit, three-level turbo-expander, regenerator Hold H, a pair of heat source input terminal D and heat source output terminal D, flue gas heat-exchange unit with a pair of cold source input terminal I and cold source output end I, A pair of of heat source input terminal E and heat source output terminal E, three-level generating working medium pump are connected into cold source input terminal H, and cold source output end H is connected into cold Source input terminal I, cold source output end I are connected into three-level turbo-expander, and three-level turbo-expander is connected into heat source input terminal D, and heat source is defeated Outlet D is connected into heat source input terminal C, and heat source output terminal C is connected into three-level generating working medium pump, forms closed circuit, and return in the closure The three-level generating working medium recycled in road, heat source input terminal E are connected into high-temperature flue gas heating, and three-level turbo-expander drives three-level power generation Unit work,
    LNG evaporation side, including passing sequentially through the LNG storage tank of pipeline connection, LNG booster pump, the level-one LNG heat exchanger, described Second level LNG heat exchanger, the three-level LNG heat exchanger, level Four turbo-expander, LNG storage tank, LNG booster pump connect after being sequentially connected Enter cold source input terminal A, cold source output terminals A is connected into cold source input terminal C, and cold source output end C is connected into cold source input terminal F, cold source output End F is connected into level Four turbo-expander, and level Four turbo-expander is connected into cold source input terminal G, and cold source output end G is connected into Power Vessel host Air inlet.
  2. The gradient utilization system 2. LNG Power Vessel fuel cold energy according to claim 1 generates electricity entirely, it is characterised in that: level-one The dew point of generating working medium is lower than the dew point of second level generating working medium, and the dew point of second level generating working medium is lower than the dew of three-level generating working medium Point.
  3. The gradient utilization system 3. LNG Power Vessel fuel cold energy according to claim 2 generates electricity entirely, it is characterised in that: level-one Generating working medium is ethane, and second level generating working medium is propane, and three-level generating working medium is carbon dioxide.
  4. The utilization side of gradient utilization system 4. a kind of any LNG Power Vessel fuel cold energy of claims 1 to 3 generates electricity entirely Method, it is characterised in that:
    LNG evaporation side: LNG fuel sequentially enters level-one LNG heat exchanger, second level LNG heat exchanger, three after the pressurization of LNG booster pump Grade LNG heat exchanger heat exchange, LNG absorb heat heating, enter level Four turbo-expander after vaporization with gaseous state and do work and cool down, then again The secondary three-level LNG heat exchanger that enters exchanges heat, and LNG heat absorption heating makes the LNG fuel of liquid low temperature be promoted to Power Vessel host air inlet and wants Seek temperature；
    Level-one Rankine cycle generator unit: the level-one generating working medium of liquid sequentially enters two after the pump pressurization of level-one generating working medium Grade LNG heat exchanger, the heat exchange of three-level LNG heat exchanger, level-one generating working medium are absorbed heat heating, enter level-one turbine after vaporization with gaseous state Expanding machine does work and cools down, and then enters level-one LNG heat exchanger and exchanges heat, level-one generating working medium is condensed into liquid, is re-circulated into Level-one generating working medium pump；
    Second level Rankine cycle generator unit: the second level generating working medium of liquid is after the pump pressurization of second level generating working medium, into three-level LNG Heat exchanger heat exchange, second level generating working medium heat absorption heating, enters second level turbo-expander after vaporization with gaseous state and does work and cool down, then It exchanges heat into second level LNG heat exchanger, second level generating working medium is condensed into liquid, is re-circulated into second level generating working medium pump；
    Three-level Trans-critical cycle Rankine cycle generator unit: the three-level generating working medium of liquid is after the pump pressurization of three-level generating working medium, successively It exchanges heat into regenerator, flue gas heat-exchange unit, three-level generating working medium is absorbed heat heating, enters three-level turbine expansion after vaporization with gaseous state Machine does work and cools down, and then enters regenerator and exchanges heat, and finally enters the heat exchange of three-level LNG heat exchanger, and three-level generating working medium is condensed into Liquid is re-circulated into three-level generating working medium pump.
  5. 5. according to claim 4 utilize method, it is characterised in that: LNG fuel is promoted to 0~60 DEG C, 1600kPa conduct Power Vessel host air inlet.
  6. 6. according to claim 4 utilize method, it is characterised in that: the generating working medium humidity province of level-one Rankine cycle power generation Between be -100~10 DEG C, second level Rankine cycle power generation generating working medium temperature range be -60~10 DEG C, three-level Trans-critical cycle Rankine follows The generating working medium temperature range of ring power generation is -20~300 DEG C.
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