CN109179930B - Method for three-phase separation of oil, mud and water in tank bottom oil sludge and efficient recovery of oil in oil sludge - Google Patents
Method for three-phase separation of oil, mud and water in tank bottom oil sludge and efficient recovery of oil in oil sludge Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for three-phase separation of oil, mud and water in oil sludge at a tank bottom and efficient recovery of oil in the oil sludge. The method comprises the following steps: the first step is as follows: dissolving and extracting tank bottom oil sludge by using diesel oil at the temperature of 20-90 ℃; then separating large-particle solid impurities of 10-1000 um, separating small-particle solid impurities of not more than 10um, and treating the separated impurities by a filter press to realize the separation of a solid phase and a liquid phase; finally, pre-separating the oil phase and the water phase in the liquid phase, and then respectively carrying out deep separation on the pre-separated water phase and the pre-separated oil phase. After the sludge treatment, 98 percent of oil in the sludge is recovered, and the added diesel oil is recycled in the whole process without large amount of supply. The method can efficiently recover the oil resource in the oil sludge and realize the harmless treatment of the oil sludge. The invention has the advantages of high oil recovery rate, low maintenance cost, stable and reliable operation, strong adaptability, small secondary pollution and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of oil sludge recovered oil, in particular to a method for three-phase separation of oil, mud and water in oil sludge at the bottom of a refinery tank and efficient recovery of oil in the oil sludge.
Background
In the petrochemical field, the process from the extraction to the refining of crude oil involves the storage of crude oil or product oil in tanks, where high melting point waxes, asphaltenes, gums and entrained solid particles in the crude oil, along with water, become a homogeneous precipitate over time, forming tank bottom sludge. Not only the storage amount of the storage tank is reduced, but also the associated process flow is influenced, and the quality of the related products is reduced; meanwhile, the oil sludge also contains a considerable part of oil, and if the oil sludge is treated as dangerous waste, the oil sludge not only causes resource waste of a large amount of oil products, but also pollutes the environment.
The tank bottom oil sludge is not only a dangerous waste, but also a valuable energy resource, and the prior oil sludge treatment technology mainly comprises solvent extraction, thermochemical washing, coking treatment, thermal desorption treatment, immobilization treatment, in-situ biological treatment and the like. The biggest problem of tank bottom oil sludge is strong viscosity, homogeneous phase stability and difficult separation. The effect is very poor by directly adopting three-phase separation; direct pyrolysis is prone to coking; the solvent extraction is adopted, so the operation cost is high.
Therefore, the development of a novel practical method for treating the tank bottom oil sludge is of great significance by combining the existing resources and process flows of a chemical plant in which the tank bottom oil sludge is located.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of complex components and stable properties of the oil sludge at the tank bottom and difficult separation at present, the invention provides a method for treating the oil sludge resource recovered oil at the tank bottom, which has the advantages of stable operation, high oil recovery rate, low cost and no secondary pollution, and comprises the following steps:
(1) first, raw material sludge containing water, sludge and oil is sufficiently and uniformly mixed with diesel oil from a diesel oil tank in a radial pipe scrubber, and oil in the sludge is dissolved and extracted into thin oil.
(2) The oil sludge after the thin oil dissolution and extraction is subjected to the preliminary separation of solid and liquid phases in a centrifugal machine, so that the separation of large-particle solid impurities is realized, and the large-particle solid impurities enter a filter press.
(3) The liquid phase separated from the centrifuge passes through a fine filter, the separation of small-particle solid impurities is realized by controlling the aperture of a filter membrane, and the liquid phase enters a filter press.
(4) Solid-phase impurities separated from the centrifuge and the fine filter pass through a filter press, residual liquid phase in the solid-phase impurities is pressed out and enters an inlet of the quick separator, the solid-phase impurities are pressed into blocks and enter a solid-phase outlet of the whole process, and solid-liquid two phases are completely separated.
(5) The liquid phase separated by the fine filter and the filter press enters a quick separator, the oil and the water are primarily separated through the centrifugal action of a multi-shaft cyclone separator and the coalescence action of a corrugated plate and an inclined plate in sequence, the oil phase containing a small amount of water is discharged from the top outlet of the quick separator, and the water phase containing a small amount of water is discharged from the bottom outlet of the quick separator.
(6) The oil phase from the top outlet of the quick separator enters an oil dehydrator, the oil phase and the water phase are separated through the coalescence action of a corrugated plate, a modified hydrophilic and hydrophobic fiber module and a direct current electric field module in sequence, the water phase is discharged from the bottom outlet of the oil dehydrator and enters a subsequent process, and the oil phase is discharged from the top outlet of the oil dehydrator and enters the subsequent process.
(7) The oil phase from the bottom outlet of the rapid separator enters a water degreaser, the oil phase and the water are separated through the coalescence of a compact air flotation unit, a corrugated plate and a modified hydrophilic-hydrophobic fiber module in sequence, the water phase flows out from the bottom outlet of the water degreaser and enters a subsequent process, and the oil phase flows out from the top outlet of the water degreaser and enters an oil phase outlet of the whole process and is connected with an inlet of a diesel tank through a branch.
Further, the temperature of the thin oil in the step (1) is 20-90 ℃, wherein the mass flow ratio of the oil sludge to the thin oil is 2: 1-1: 10.
Further, the concentration of solid particles at the liquid phase outlet of the centrifuge in the step (2) is 0.1-20%, and the particle size of large-particle solid impurities is 10-1000 um.
Further, the concentration of solid particles at the liquid phase outlet of the fine filter in the step (3) is within 0.1%, and the particle size of small-particle solid impurities is not more than 10 um.
Further, the solid content at the liquid phase outlet of the filter press in the step (4) is within 0.005%, and the oil content at the solid phase outlet is within 0.5%.
Further, the pressure drop of the rapid separation module in the step (5) is 0.01-0.2 MPa; the flow velocity flowing through each module of the rapid separator is 0.005-0.025 m/s; the particle size of the coalesced and grown oil drops is 30-50 um; the water content in the oil at the top outlet is 0.5-5%, and the oil content in the oil at the bottom outlet is 0.05-1%.
Further, as described in step (6); the pressure drop of the oil dehydrator is 0.01-0.2 MPa; the electric field is in the form of a direct current electric field; the flow velocity of the oil flowing through each module of the oil dehydrator is 0.005-0.025 m/s; the water content in the oil at the outlet of the top part is within 100 mg/L.
Further, the pressure drop of the water degreaser in the step (7) is 0.01-0.2 MPa; the flow velocity of each module flowing through the water degreaser is 0.005-0.025 m/s; the oil content in the water at the bottom outlet is within 50 mg/L.
The device used in the method for recycling oil from tank bottom oil sludge comprises: a diesel oil dissolving and extracting unit: diesel tanks, radial tubular scrubbers; a solid-liquid separation unit: horizontal centrifuges, fine filters, filter presses; an oil-water separation unit: a quick separator, an oil dehydrator and a water deoiler.
Wherein, the diesel oil dissolves the extraction unit: the outlet of the diesel tank and the sludge conveying pipeline from the tank area are converged at the inlet of the radial pipe type scrubber, and the outlet of the radial pipe type scrubber is connected with the inlet of the horizontal centrifuge.
A solid-liquid separation unit: the upper liquid phase outlet of the horizontal centrifuge is connected with the inlet of the fine filter, the lower solid phase outlet of the horizontal centrifuge and the lower solid phase outlet of the fine filter are converged into the inlet of the filter press together, the solid phase outlet of the filter press is connected with the solid phase outlet of the whole process, and the liquid phase outlet of the filter press and the liquid phase outlet of the fine filter are converged into the inlet of the rapid separator together.
An oil-water separation unit: the upper oil phase outlet of the quick separator is connected with the inlet of the oil dehydrator, and the lower water phase outlet of the quick separator is connected with the inlet of the water degreaser; the lower water phase outlet of the oil dehydrator is connected with the lower water phase outlet of the water oil remover and converged into the water phase outlet of the whole process; the upper oil phase outlet of the oil dehydrator is connected with the upper oil phase outlet of the water oil remover, and the upper oil phase outlet are converged into the oil phase outlet of the whole process and are connected with the inlet of the diesel tank through a branch.
Further, the tubular scrubber is divided into a spiral unit and a venturi unit, and the specific combination mode is Chinese patent with publication number CN 107457257A.
Furthermore, the aperture of the filter membrane of the fine filter is 0.4 um-9 um;
further, the multi-shaft cyclone separator is divided into a main cyclone pipe and an auxiliary cyclone pipe, and the specific combination mode is Chinese patent with publication number CN 107557058A.
Further, the diameter of outlets at the top and the bottom of the rapid separator is 15-20 mm;
further, the angle of the inclined plate unit is 15-60 degrees.
Further, the fiber module is woven by mixing fibers with different surface energies, and the weaving method is an omega-shaped weaving method in Chinese patent ZL 201410211201.6;
further, the thickness of the electrode of the direct current electric field module is 1 cm-5 cm; the voltage is 0.5 kV-5 kV;
further, the compact air flotation unit utilizes a rotational flow and air flotation technology, and the specific device is that after the Chinese patent with the publication number of CN104773789A is treated by the process, 98% of oil in the oil sludge is recovered, and after the oil sludge is remilled, the thin oil can be recycled in the whole process, and meanwhile, the quality of the recovered oil is improved.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: firstly, the efficiency of oil recovery from oil sludge is as high as 98%, and the whole process flow only needs to add thin oil and can be recycled, so that the operation cost is low. Simultaneously, the process is reasonable and advanced: dissolving and extracting oil in oil sludge by using thin oil, and then sequentially carrying out solid-phase coarse separation, solid-phase fine separation, oil-water coarse separation and oil-water deep separation. The process has the advantages of high efficiency, low cost, stable and reliable operation and great convenience for the field process reconstruction of various petrochemical enterprises.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of oil recovery from tank bottom oil sludge resource.
Fig. 2 is another process flow diagram for recycling oil from tank bottom oil sludge, which is suitable for the working condition that the separation is relatively difficult.
Fig. 3 is another process flow diagram for recycling oil from tank bottom oil sludge, which is suitable for the working condition of relatively easy separation.
Description of the symbols:
1 is a diesel tank; 2. 2-1 and 2-2 are radial tubular washers; 3. 3-2 and 3-3 are centrifuges; 4 is a fine filter; 5, a filter press; 6 is a quick separator; 7 is an oil dehydrator; 8 is a water degreaser; and 9 is a demulsifier tank.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention will be specifically described below by way of examples. It should be noted that the following examples are only for illustrating the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention, and that the insubstantial modifications and adaptations of the invention by those skilled in the art based on the teachings herein are within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
After extensive and intensive research, the inventor of the application finds that a novel and economic process method and device are adopted for recycling the oil sludge at the tank bottom. The three-phase separation of oil, mud and water in the tank bottom oil sludge and the efficient recovery method of the oil in the oil sludge can efficiently recover oil resources in the oil sludge and realize harmless treatment of the oil sludge. Compared with other treatment technologies, the technology has the advantages of high oil recovery rate, low maintenance cost, stable and reliable operation, strong adaptability, small secondary pollution and the like.
An apparatus for use in a method for recovering oil from a tank bottom sludge resource, comprising: a diesel oil dissolving and extracting unit: diesel tanks, radial tubular scrubbers; a solid-liquid separation unit: horizontal centrifuges, fine filters, filter presses; an oil-water separation unit: a quick separator, an oil dehydrator and a water deoiler.
Wherein, the diesel oil dissolves the extraction unit: the outlet of the diesel tank and the sludge conveying pipeline from the tank area are converged at the inlet of the radial pipe type scrubber, and the outlet of the radial pipe type scrubber is connected with the inlet of the horizontal centrifuge.
A solid-liquid separation unit: the upper liquid phase outlet of the horizontal centrifuge is connected with the inlet of the fine filter, the lower solid phase outlet of the horizontal centrifuge and the lower solid phase outlet of the fine filter are converged into the inlet of the filter press together, the solid phase outlet of the filter press is connected with the solid phase outlet of the whole process, and the liquid phase outlet of the filter press and the liquid phase outlet of the fine filter are converged into the inlet of the rapid separator together.
An oil-water separation unit: the upper oil phase outlet of the quick separator is connected with the inlet of the oil dehydrator, and the lower water phase outlet of the quick separator is connected with the inlet of the water degreaser; the lower water phase outlet of the oil dehydrator is connected with the lower water phase outlet of the water oil remover and converged into the water phase outlet of the whole process; the upper oil phase outlet of the oil dehydrator is connected with the upper oil phase outlet of the water oil remover, and the upper oil phase outlet are converged into the oil phase outlet of the whole process and are connected with the inlet of the diesel tank through a branch.
The tubular scrubber is divided into a spiral unit and a Venturi unit, and the specific combination mode is Chinese patent with the publication number of CN 107457257A.
The aperture of the filter membrane of the fine filter is 0.4 um-9 um;
the multi-shaft cyclone separator is divided into a main cyclone tube and an auxiliary cyclone tube, and the specific combination mode is Chinese patent with publication number CN 107557058A.
The diameters of outlets at the top and the bottom of the rapid separator are 15-20 mm;
the angle of the inclined plate unit is 15-60 degrees.
The fiber module is woven by mixing fibers with different surface energies, and the weaving method is an omega-shaped weaving method in Chinese patent ZL 201410211201.6;
the thickness of the electrode of the direct current electric field module is 1 cm-5 cm; the voltage is 0.5 kV-5 kV;
the compact air flotation unit utilizes a rotational flow and air flotation technology, and the specific device is Chinese patent with publication number CN104773789A, after the treatment by the process, 98% of oil in the oil sludge is recovered, and after the oil sludge is remilled, the thin oil can be recycled in the whole process, and meanwhile, the quality of the recovered oil is improved.
Example 1 of the invention a process flow schematic, as shown in fig. 1, 1 is a diesel tank; 2 is a radial tubular scrubber; 3 is a centrifuge; 4 is a fine filter; 5, a filter press; 6 is a quick separator; 7 is an oil dehydrator; and 8 is a water degreaser. Fig. 2 is another process flow diagram for recycling oil from tank bottom oil sludge, which is suitable for the working condition that the separation is relatively difficult. Fig. 3 is another process flow diagram for recycling oil from tank bottom oil sludge, which is suitable for the working condition of relatively easy separation.
100 tons of tank bottom oil sludge of a petrochemical plant needs to be subjected to oil recovery and harmless treatment, and the oil sludge contains a great amount of oil displacement agents and extraction agents and is in a colloid state, so that the oil sludge cannot be separated by using a conventional separation method. By adopting the process of the invention, good effect is achieved. First, raw oil sludge containing water, mud and oil is mixed with diesel oil from a thin oil tank in a radial pipe type scrubber, and simultaneously, oil in the oil sludge is dissolved and extracted into the thin oil. The oil sludge after the thin oil dissolution and extraction is subjected to the preliminary separation of solid and liquid phases in a centrifugal machine, so that the separation of large-particle solid impurities is realized, and the large-particle solid impurities enter a filter press. The liquid phase separated from the centrifuge passes through a fine filter, the separation of small-particle solid impurities is realized by controlling the aperture of a filter membrane, and the liquid phase enters a filter press. Solid-phase impurities separated from the centrifuge and the fine filter pass through a filter press, residual liquid phase in the solid-phase impurities is pressed out and enters an inlet of the quick separator, the solid-phase impurities are pressed into blocks and enter a solid-phase outlet of the whole process, and solid-liquid two phases are completely separated. The liquid phase separated by the fine filter and the filter press enters a quick separator, the oil phase and the water phase are preliminarily separated through the centrifugal action of a cyclone and the coalescence action of a corrugated plate and an inclined plate in sequence, the oil phase containing a small amount of water is discharged from the top outlet of the quick separator, and the water phase containing a small amount of water is discharged from the bottom outlet of the quick separator. The oil phase from the top outlet of the quick separator enters an oil dehydrator, the oil phase and the water phase are separated through the coalescence action of a corrugated plate, a modified hydrophilic and hydrophobic fiber module and a direct current electric field module in sequence, the water phase is discharged from the bottom outlet of the oil dehydrator and enters a subsequent process, and the oil phase is discharged from the top outlet of the oil dehydrator and enters the subsequent process. The oil phase from the bottom outlet of the quick separator enters a water degreaser, is sequentially subjected to the coalescence action of a corrugated plate and a modified hydrophilic-hydrophobic fiber module, so that oil and water are separated, the water phase is discharged from the bottom outlet of the water degreaser and enters a subsequent process, the oil phase is discharged from the top outlet of the water degreaser and enters an oil phase outlet of the whole process for recycling, and meanwhile, a part of the oil phase returns to a diesel tank through a branch, so that the diesel circulation is realized.
Claims (13)
1. A method for three-phase separation of oil, mud and water in oil sludge at a tank bottom and efficient recovery of oil in the oil sludge comprises the following steps:
step one, solid-liquid separation:
(1) under the action of the rotational flow and cavitation of the raw material oil sludge containing water, mud and oil and diesel oil from the diesel oil tank in the radial tubular washer, the mixing of the diesel oil and the oil sludge is greatly enhanced, and the oil in the oil sludge is dissolved and extracted into thin oil;
(2) under the action of a centrifugal cyclone field of a centrifugal machine, the solid-liquid two-phase primary separation of oil sludge after diesel oil dissolution and extraction is realized, the separation of large-particle solid impurities of 10-1000 um is realized, and the oil sludge enters a filter press;
(3) the liquid phase separated from the centrifuge passes through a fine filter, the separation of small-particle solid impurities not more than 10um is realized by controlling the aperture of a filter membrane, and the liquid phase enters a filter press;
(4) solid-phase impurities separated from the centrifuge and the fine filter pass through a filter press, residual liquid phase in the solid-phase impurities is pressed out and enters an inlet of the rapid separator, the solid-phase impurities are pressed into blocks and enter a solid-phase outlet of the whole process, and solid-liquid two phases are completely separated;
step two, liquid phase pre-separation:
(5) the liquid phase separated by the fine filter and the filter press enters a quick separator, the oil and the water are primarily separated through the centrifugal action of a multi-shaft cyclone separator and the coalescence action of a corrugated plate and an inclined plate in sequence, the oil phase containing a small amount of water is discharged from the top outlet of the quick separator, and the water phase containing a small amount of water is discharged from the bottom outlet of the quick separator;
step three, fine separation of water phase:
(6) the oil phase from the top outlet of the quick separator enters an oil dehydrator, the oil phase and the water phase are separated through the coalescence action of a corrugated plate, a modified hydrophilic and hydrophobic fiber module and a direct current electric field module in sequence, the water phase is discharged from the bottom outlet of the oil dehydrator and enters a subsequent process, and the oil phase is discharged from the top outlet of the oil dehydrator and enters the subsequent process;
step four, finely separating an oil phase:
(7) the oil phase from the bottom outlet of the rapid separator enters a water degreaser, the oil phase is separated by the coalescence of a compact air flotation unit, a corrugated plate and a modified hydrophilic-hydrophobic fiber module, the water phase is discharged from the bottom outlet of the water degreaser and enters a subsequent process, and the oil phase is discharged from the top outlet of the water degreaser, enters an oil phase outlet of the whole process and is connected with an inlet of a diesel tank through a branch.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the temperature of the thin oil in the step (1) is 20-90 ℃, and the mass flow ratio of the oil sludge to the thin oil is 2: 1-1: 10.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the concentration of the solid particles at the liquid phase outlet of the centrifuge in the step (2) is 0.1-20%, and the particle size of the large-particle solid impurities is 10-1000 um.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the liquid phase outlet of the fine filter in step (3) has a solid particle concentration within 0.1% and the small particle solid impurities have a particle size of no more than 10 um.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the solid content at the liquid phase outlet of the filter press machine in the step (4) is within 0.005% and the oil content at the solid phase outlet is within 0.5%.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the pressure drop of the rapid separation module in the step (5) is 0.01 to 0.2 MPa; the flow velocity flowing through each module of the rapid separator is 0.005-0.025 m/s; the particle size of the coalesced and grown oil drops is 30-50 um; the water content in the oil at the top outlet is 0.5-5%, and the oil content in the oil at the bottom outlet is 0.05-1%.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein, as set forth in step (6); the pressure drop of the oil dehydrator is 0.01-0.2 MPa; the electric field is in the form of a direct current electric field; the flow velocity of the oil flowing through each module of the oil dehydrator is 0.005-0.025 m/s; the water content in the oil at the outlet of the top part is within 100 mg/L.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the pressure drop of the water degreaser in step (7) is 0.01 to 0.2 MPa; the flow velocity of each module flowing through the water degreaser is 0.005-0.025 m/s; the oil content in the water at the bottom outlet is within 50 mg/L.
9. The method of claim 1 wherein the angle of the swash plate is between 15 ° and 60 °.
10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the electrode thickness of the direct current electric field module is 1cm to 5 cm; the voltage is 0.5 kV-5 kV.
11. An apparatus for use in a process for the three phase separation of oil, mud and water from tank bottom sludge and the efficient recovery of oil from sludge according to any one of claims 1 to 10, the apparatus comprising: a diesel oil dissolving and extracting unit: diesel tanks, radial tubular scrubbers; a solid-liquid separation unit: horizontal centrifuges, fine filters, filter presses; an oil-water separation unit: a quick separator, an oil dehydrator and a water deoiler;
wherein, the diesel oil dissolves the extraction unit: the outlet of the diesel oil tank and the oil sludge conveying pipeline from the tank area are converged at the inlet of the radial tubular scrubber, and the outlet of the radial tubular scrubber is connected with the inlet of the horizontal centrifuge;
a solid-liquid separation unit: the upper liquid phase outlet of the horizontal centrifuge is connected with the inlet of the fine filter, the lower solid phase outlet of the horizontal centrifuge and the lower solid phase outlet of the fine filter are converged into the inlet of the filter press, the solid phase outlet of the filter press is connected with the solid phase outlet of the whole process, and the liquid phase outlet of the filter press and the liquid phase outlet of the fine filter are converged into the inlet of the rapid separator;
an oil-water separation unit: the upper oil phase outlet of the quick separator is connected with the inlet of the oil dehydrator, and the lower water phase outlet of the quick separator is connected with the inlet of the water degreaser; the lower water phase outlet of the oil dehydrator is connected with the lower water phase outlet of the water oil remover and converged into the water phase outlet of the whole process; the upper oil phase outlet of the oil dehydrator is connected with the upper oil phase outlet of the water oil remover, and the upper oil phase outlet are converged into the oil phase outlet of the whole process and are connected with the inlet of the diesel tank through a branch.
12. The device of claim 11, wherein the fine filter has a filter membrane pore size of 0.4um to 9 um.
13. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the top and bottom outlets of the flash separator have a diameter of 15 to 20 mm.
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| CN201811156575.7A CN109179930B (en) | 2018-09-30 | 2018-09-30 | Method for three-phase separation of oil, mud and water in tank bottom oil sludge and efficient recovery of oil in oil sludge |
| PCT/CN2019/109327 WO2020064001A1 (en) | 2018-09-30 | 2019-09-30 | Method for separating oil, mud and water phases from tank bottom oily sludge and efficiently recovering oil from oily sludge |
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| CN201811156575.7A CN109179930B (en) | 2018-09-30 | 2018-09-30 | Method for three-phase separation of oil, mud and water in tank bottom oil sludge and efficient recovery of oil in oil sludge |
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| CN110078160B (en) * | 2019-04-03 | 2021-10-12 | 华东理工大学 | Method and device for removing oil by combining hydrophilic and hydrophobic particles produced in offshore oil field |
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