CN110624273A - Supercritical CO improving agent2Method and system for extracting oil sludge extraction rate - Google Patents
Supercritical CO improving agent2Method and system for extracting oil sludge extraction rate Download PDFInfo
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- CN110624273A CN110624273A CN201911024581.1A CN201911024581A CN110624273A CN 110624273 A CN110624273 A CN 110624273A CN 201911024581 A CN201911024581 A CN 201911024581A CN 110624273 A CN110624273 A CN 110624273A
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- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 121
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 claims description 125
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012716 precipitator Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019476 oil-water mixture Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 107
- 238000000194 supercritical-fluid extraction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010057071 Rectal tenesmus Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013527 degreasing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002920 hazardous waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005575 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 propylene, butylene Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000012271 tenesmus Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D11/00—Solvent extraction
- B01D11/02—Solvent extraction of solids
- B01D11/0203—Solvent extraction of solids with a supercritical fluid
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
- C02F11/121—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by mechanical de-watering
- C02F11/127—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by mechanical de-watering by centrifugation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
- C10G1/002—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal in combination with oil conversion- or refining processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
- C10G1/04—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by extraction
- C10G1/045—Separation of insoluble materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
- C10G2300/1003—Waste materials
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Extraction Or Liquid Replacement (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving supercritical CO2A method and a system for extracting the extraction rate of oil sludge belong to the field of petrochemical industry; the technical scheme is characterized by comprising the following steps of a: b. preheating: c. and (3) extraction: d. gas-liquid separation: e. oil-water separation; the invention solves the problems of high cost and high energy consumption of the conventional extraction method, and achieves the effects of reducing the extraction cost, reducing the energy consumption and improving the extraction rate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of petrochemical industry, in particular to a method for improving supercritical CO2Method and system for extracting oil sludge extraction rateAnd (4) a system.
Background
Oily sludge (called oil sludge for short) is one of three wastes generated in the processes of development, transportation, storage, refining and sewage treatment of petroleum, and the oil sludge is solid hazardous waste rich in petroleum hydrocarbons and mainly comprises oil, silt and water. The components of the oil sludge mainly depend on the type, the exploitation period, the refinery process and the like of crude oil, the composition of the oil sludge changes along with the change of time, the oil content of the oil sludge is 10-70%, and the water content of the oil sludge is 40-90%; since the oil content in the sludge is high, it is necessary to recover the oil in the sludge.
Referring to the patent of the invention in China with the publication number of CN103979757B, the invention discloses a method for treating oily sludge by supercritical fluid multistage extraction-cracking coupling, which adopts the technologies of oil sludge reduction, conversion, flash heat treatment and multistage supercritical fluid extraction-supercritical water cracking coupling to carry out harmless treatment and resource utilization on the oily sludge, wherein light oil components can be obtained by flash evaporation, heavy oil, high-grade phenol and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon can be obtained by gradient extraction of various supercritical fluids, heavy colloid and asphaltene remained in the oil sludge are cracked into propylene, butylene, light oil and heavy oil components by supercritical fluid cracking, and the heavy oil components are extracted and utilized by supercritical fluid.
The patent of chinese invention with the publication number of CN102453494B discloses a method for ultrasonic enhanced supercritical extraction of oil sludge, which comprises the steps of feeding oil sludge and an extractant into a supercritical extraction kettle with an enhanced ultrasonic device, setting a supercritical extraction pressure and a supercritical extraction temperature, and performing supercritical extraction.
Although the technologies in the two comparison documents have the advantages of harmlessly treating oil sludge, shortening extraction time and improving extraction rate, the extraction process is long, and the types of the extracting agents are multiple, so that the energy consumption is high and the operation cost is high.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for improving supercritical CO2A method of extracting an oil sludge extraction yield by a compression: b. preheating: c. and (3) extraction: d. gas-liquid separation:e. oil-water separation: the method can improve the extraction rate of the oil sludge, reduce the operation cost and reduce the pollution to the environment;
another object of the present invention is to provide a method for increasing supercritical CO2System for extracting the extraction rate of oil sludge by supercritical CO2The extraction oil sludge extraction system can achieve the purposes of reducing and treating oil sludge, providing safety, reducing cost and reducing pollution to the environment.
In order to achieve the first purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: supercritical CO improving agent2The method for extracting the oil sludge extraction rate comprises the following steps:
a. compression: introducing CO2Introducing into compressor, adjusting pressure to critical pressure to obtain compressed CO2；
b. Preheating: compressed CO2The entrainer respectively enters a preheating kettle to be preheated to CO2Above the critical temperature;
c. and (3) extraction: placing the dewatered oil sludge into an extraction kettle, and carrying supercritical CO of entrainer2Introducing fluid into the extraction kettle from the bottom of the extraction kettle, extracting oil in the oil sludge by the supercritical fluid, and allowing the oil sludge to flow out of the middle upper part of the extraction kettle along with the fluid;
d. gas-liquid separation: the supercritical fluid containing oil flows out of the extraction kettle, is decompressed by a pressure reducing valve at the inlet of the gas-liquid separation tank, and then enters the gas-liquid separation tank for gas-liquid separation to obtain an oil-water mixture and CO at normal temperature and normal pressure2A gas;
e. oil-water separation: the oil-water mixture enters an oil-water separation tank for oil-water separation;
by adopting the technical scheme, the compressor can enable CO2The pressure reaches a critical value, and preheating is carried out to ensure that CO is preheated2To a critical temperature, thereby causing CO to be present2The fluid is in a critical state, supercritical state CO2After the fluid enters the extraction kettle, the fluid is compared with CO at normal temperature and normal pressure2The solubility of the fluid to oil is higher and can reach more than 100 times, and further the oil content in the oil sludge can be better treatedThe entrainer is introduced to the extraction to further improve CO2The fluid dissolves oil in the oil sludge, the extraction rate is improved, the extraction time is shortened, the working efficiency is further improved, after extraction is finished, the mixed fluid enters a gas-liquid separation tank, a pressure reducing valve on the gas-liquid separation tank can reduce the pressure of the mixed fluid, so that CO is reduced2The solubility of the fluid is reduced, so that oil is separated out, the separated oil enters an oil-water separation tank, oil and water are separated, an oil product is recovered, and sewage is discharged for treatment; the treatment method can improve the extraction rate of oil in the oil sludge, reduce the extraction cost and reduce the pollution to the environment.
The invention is further configured to: in the step d, an electric oil catcher and a gas-liquid separation tank are added, and CO is introduced into the compressor2Is connected with the air inlet pipe.
By adopting the technical scheme, CO discharged from the gas-liquid separation tank2The oil drops are removed by the electric catching device and then are recycled, thereby realizing CO2The recycling of the process reduces the cost generated in the extraction process.
The invention is further configured to: in the step b, the entrainer is one or a mixture of methanol, ethanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, n-pentane and the like.
By adopting the technical scheme, methanol, ethanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, n-pentane and the like are taken as entrainers, so that the supercritical CO of organic matters can be increased2The solubility in the oil sludge improves the extraction rate, shortens the extraction time and can extract part of trace heavy metals in the oil sludge.
The invention is further configured to: and in the step c, the upper part and the lower part of the extraction kettle are both provided with a screen.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme to prevent that solid matter from getting into, blockking up the pipeline, and the screen cloth of below can be to CO2The fluid plays a role in dispersing and avoiding oil sludge in CO2Channeling occurs under the impact of the fluid.
The invention is further configured to: in the step b, the amount of the entrainer is 1-10% of the extractant.
By adopting the technical scheme, the method can play a catalytic role in the extraction rate of the oil sludge, and can also avoid the waste of entrainer.
The invention is further configured to: the pressure value of the extraction kettle is 7.5-20 MPa.
By adopting the technical scheme, CO is enabled2The fluid can be better kept in a supercritical state in the extraction kettle, and CO is avoided2The fluid is separated from the supercritical state to make CO2The fluid is capable of extracting the sludge.
The invention is further configured to: the extraction kettle is heated by a constant-temperature water bath or an extraction kettle with a heating sleeve.
By adopting the technical scheme, the extraction kettle can be heated, and the temperature of the extraction kettle is kept at the supercritical temperature, so that CO is generated2The fluid is able to maintain a supercritical state.
In order to achieve the second purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: supercritical CO improving agent2The system for extracting the oil sludge extraction rate comprises a compressor, a preheating kettle, a high-pressure metering device, an extraction kettle, a gas-liquid separation tank and an oil-water separation tank which are sequentially arranged;
the device is also provided with a dewatering device and an electric oil catcher, the dewatering device is connected with the extraction kettle, a feed inlet of the electric oil catcher is connected with an outlet of the gas-liquid separation tank, and an outlet of the electric oil catcher is connected with an inlet of the compressor.
By adopting the technical scheme, the supercritical CO can be realized by matching the compressor, the preheating kettle, the high-pressure metering device, the extraction kettle, the gas-liquid separation tank and the oil-water separation tank2The method for extracting the oil sludge extraction rate can realize high-efficiency extraction of oil sludge, improve the extraction rate, reduce the extraction cost, and can not generate waste gas in the working process and reduce the pollution to the environment.
The invention is further configured to: the high-pressure metering device adopts a high-pressure metering pump, the dewatering device adopts a three-phase horizontal spiral centrifugal machine, and the electric tar precipitator adopts an electric tar precipitator.
By adopting the technical scheme, the entrainer can be accurately measured, the three-phase horizontal spiral centrifuge can separate part of water and oil in oil sludge, and the electric tar precipitator has the characteristics of high tar precipitation efficiency, small resistance loss, large gas handling capacity and the like.
In summary, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. increasing supercritical CO2A method of extracting an oil sludge extraction yield by a compression: b. preheating: c. and (3) extraction: d. gas-liquid separation: e. oil-water separation: the method has the advantages of improving the extraction rate of the oil sludge, reducing the cost and reducing the pollution to the environment, and the entrainer is added in the extraction process, so that the extraction effect of the oil content in the oil sludge can be improved, and the oil content in the oil sludge can be more thoroughly extracted;
2. increasing supercritical CO2The system for extracting the oil sludge extraction rate can improve the oil sludge extraction rate, reduce the production cost and reduce the pollution to the environment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the first embodiment.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In which like parts are designated by like reference numerals. It should be noted that the terms "front," "back," "left," "right," "upper" and "lower" used in the following description refer to directions in the drawings, and the terms "bottom" and "top," "inner" and "outer" refer to directions toward and away from, respectively, the geometric center of a particular component.
The first embodiment is as follows: supercritical CO improving agent2The method for extracting the oil sludge extraction rate, as shown in figure 1, comprises the following steps:
a. compression: introducing CO2Introducing into a compressor, and adjusting the pressure to a critical pressure value which is not less than 7.39 MPa;
b. preheating: entrainer and CO after pressure increase2Preheating in a preheating kettle to above critical temperature, adding entrainerThe dosage of the extractant is 1-10% of the extractant, the critical temperature is not less than 31.2 ℃, and CO is2Under the action of critical pressure and critical temperature, can be in supercritical state, so as to raise CO2The solubility of the oil components can extract the oil components from the oil sludge;
c. and (3) extraction: introducing the dewatered oil sludge into an extraction kettle, and carrying supercritical CO of an entrainer2Introducing fluid into the extraction kettle from the bottom of the extraction kettle, wherein the pressure value in the extraction kettle is 7.5-20MPa, the temperature is higher than 31.2 ℃, and the temperature and pressure value in the extraction kettle can ensure that CO is introduced into the extraction kettle2Maintaining in supercritical state, supercritical state CO2Compared with the oil sludge, the solubility of the oil sludge at normal temperature and normal pressure is improved by more than 100 times, and the oil sludge can be better extracted;
d. gas-liquid separation: the inlet of the gas-liquid separation tank is provided with a pressure reducing valve with heat tracing, the mixed fluid is decompressed by the pressure reducing valve and then enters the gas-liquid separation tank, and the pressure reducing valve can reduce the pressure of the mixed fluid, so that CO is generated2The solubility to oil is reduced, and the oil is separated;
e. oil-water separation: the liquid enters an oil-water separation tank to realize oil-water separation, and the separated oil enters the oil-water separation tank to be separated, so that the separation of oil and sewage is realized.
In the process of gas-liquid separation, separated CO is subjected to2Adopting electric capture to remove oil, can remove residual CO2Removing the oil content in the mixture to realize CO2The cyclic utilization of the oil is avoided, and the oil content CO is avoided2The direct discharge causes pollution, can further improve the recycling of oil, and simultaneously realizes CO2The recycling of the resources is fully realized, the requirement of green environmental protection is met, and the cost of extracting oil can be reduced.
The entrainer is one or more of methanol, ethanol, acetone, ethyl acetate and n-pentane, and can increase organic substances in supercritical CO2The solubility in the oil sludge improves the extraction rate, shortens the extraction time and can extract part of trace heavy metals in the oil sludge.
Two layers of sieves are arranged in the extraction kettleA net, the oil sludge dewatered by the three-phase horizontal spiral centrifuge is placed between two layers of screen meshes, and supercritical CO is generated2Fluid enters from the bottom of the extraction kettle to extract oil in the oil sludge, and the lower-layer screen can play a role in dispersing the entering supercritical fluid to prevent the oil sludge from forming a channel under the impact of the supercritical fluid; supercritical fluid CO after extraction2From the upper end outflow of extraction cauldron, the screen cloth on upper strata can prevent that fatlute solid from being taken out the extraction cauldron, and after the extraction was accomplished, the residue in the extraction cauldron was cleared up again.
CO2The pressure is increased to a certain pressure after being compressed, and the pressure is adjusted to be higher than the critical pressure through a pressure fine adjustment valve. CO with entrainer metered by metering pump and pressurized2Mixing in a preheating kettle, preheating to above critical temperature, introducing the mixed fluid into the bottom of the extraction kettle, placing the extraction kettle in a constant temperature water bath or providing the extraction kettle with a heating jacket to ensure CO entering the extraction kettle2The temperature required to reach and maintain the supercritical state has been reached. Placing the oil sludge in an extraction kettle after preliminary dehydration, and arranging screens up and down to prevent solid substances from leaking out of the bottom or being brought out of the upper part to block a pipeline; supercritical CO after extraction2The fluid flows out of the top of the extraction kettle, a spiral heating pipe is wound on a pipeline connected between the top of the extraction kettle and a pressure reducing valve to prevent extracted oil from being separated out in the pipeline due to temperature reduction, the fluid flows into a gas-liquid separation tank after passing through the pressure reducing valve, and the decompressed non-supercritical CO flows into a gas-liquid separation tank2The solubility of the oil is reduced, and the oil is separated; CO from the gas-liquid separation tank2The oil drops are removed by an electric oil catcher and then are recycled, the liquid phase enters an oil-water separation tank for oil-water separation, the separated oil enters an oil storage tank, and the separated sewage is treated by a sewage treatment plant. The pressure reducing valve needs to be provided with a heating pipe, so that temperature drop caused by sudden pressure reduction is prevented, and oil and water in fluid are separated out to block a pipeline. And discharging the oil sludge residue subjected to supercritical extraction from the lower part of the extraction kettle.
Under the supercritical state, supercritical CO is mixed2To be separated fromThe supercritical fluid has density and dielectric constant increased with the pressure increase of the closed system, and has increased polarity, so that the components with different polarities can be extracted step by step. The solubility of the supercritical fluid is different under different temperatures and pressures, the supercritical temperature and pressure close to the liquid density state are adopted, and the solubility of the supercritical fluid is the highest and is more than 100 times of the solubility of the supercritical fluid under normal temperature and normal pressure. The entrainer can improve the solubility of solute in the supercritical fluid, improve the extraction capacity of the supercritical fluid, shorten the supercritical extraction time and reduce the dosage of the required supercritical fluid. The entrainer and the solute both have molecular structures forming hydrogen bonds, and the solubility of the solute in the supercritical fluid is improved by utilizing the intermolecular force with stronger hydrogen bonds. The metal in the oil sludge can be extracted by using the entrainer with negative electricity, and the residue of the entrainer does not influence the quality of oil products.
Example two: supercritical CO improving agent2The system for extracting the oil sludge extraction rate comprises a compressor, a preheating kettle, a high-pressure metering device, an extraction kettle, a gas-liquid separation tank and an oil-water separation tank which are sequentially arranged; the device is also provided with a dewatering device and an electric oil catcher, the dewatering device is connected with the extraction kettle, a feed inlet of the electric oil catcher is connected with the gas-liquid separation tank, an outlet of the electric oil catcher and an inlet of the compressor are connected with a high-pressure metering device and adopt a high-pressure metering pump, the dewatering device adopts a three-phase horizontal spiral centrifugal machine, and the electric oil catcher adopts an electric tar catcher.
Feed inlet and CO of compressor2The inlet is connected, and the discharge port of the compressor is connected with the feed inlet of the preheating kettle. Feed inlet of preheating kettle and compressed CO2The inlet is connected, the feed inlet of the preheating kettle is connected with the entrainer inlet, and the discharge outlet of the preheating kettle is connected with the feed inlet of the extraction kettle; the feed inlet of the high-pressure metering device is connected with the entrainer inlet, and the discharge outlet of the high-pressure metering device is connected with the feed inlet of the preheating kettle; a feed port of the dehydration device is connected with an oil sludge inlet; two feed inlets are arranged on the extraction kettle, one of the feed inlets is connected with the discharge outlet of the dehydration deviceThe dehydrated oil sludge can enter, the feed inlet of the other extraction kettle and supercritical CO carrying entrainer2The inlets are connected; the extraction kettle also comprises two discharge ports, wherein one discharge port can be used for discharging residues after the extraction of the sludge, and the other discharge port is connected with the feed port of the gas-liquid separation tank; the gas-liquid separation tank is provided with a feed inlet and two discharge outlets, the feed inlet of the gas-liquid separation tank is connected with a discharge outlet of the extraction kettle, one discharge outlet of the gas-liquid separation tank is connected with an inlet of the oil-water separation tank, and the other discharge outlet of the gas-liquid separation tank is connected with a feed inlet of the electric coke-supplementing degreaser; the oil-water separation tank is provided with a feed inlet and two discharge outlets; the feed inlet of the oil-water separation tank is connected with the discharge outlet of the gas-liquid separation tank, wherein the discharge outlet is used for discharging and collecting extracted oil, and the other discharge outlet is used for discharging sewage.
Install two-layer screen cloth in the extraction cauldron, fatlute that gets into through extraction cauldron feed inlet is between two-layer screen cloth, and lower floor's screen cloth can disperse the inside fluid of getting into the extraction cauldron, avoids the fluid to lead to the fact the channelling to fatlute impact, can also avoid fatlute tenesmus to lead to the fact the jam to the feed inlet that can supply the fluid to get into, makes the fluid that the extraction was used can be better get into the extraction cauldron in, the screen cloth on upper strata can avoid the solid along with CO in can avoiding the entering extraction2And the discharge hole above the discharge hole is filled, so that the purpose of avoiding blocking the discharge hole is achieved.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and all technical solutions belonging to the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications and embellishments within the scope of the invention may occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention, and are considered to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. Supercritical CO improving agent2The method for extracting the oil sludge extraction rate is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
a. compression: introducing CO2Introducing into compressor, adjusting pressure to critical pressure to obtain compressed CO2；
b. Preheating:compressed CO2The entrainer respectively enters a preheating kettle to be preheated to CO2Above the critical temperature;
c. and (3) extraction: placing the dewatered oil sludge into an extraction kettle, and carrying supercritical CO of entrainer2Introducing fluid into the extraction kettle from the bottom of the extraction kettle, extracting oil in the oil sludge by the supercritical fluid, and allowing the oil sludge to flow out of the middle upper part of the extraction kettle along with the fluid;
d. gas-liquid separation: the supercritical fluid containing oil flows out of the extraction kettle, is decompressed by a pressure reducing valve at the inlet of the gas-liquid separation tank, and then enters the gas-liquid separation tank for gas-liquid separation to obtain an oil-water mixture and CO at normal temperature and normal pressure2A gas;
e. oil-water separation: the oil-water mixture enters an oil-water separation tank for oil-water separation.
2. The method for improving supercritical CO according to claim 12The method for extracting the oil sludge extraction rate is characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step d, an electric oil catcher and a gas-liquid separation tank are added, and CO is introduced into the compressor2Is connected with the air inlet pipe.
3. The method for improving supercritical CO according to claim 12The method for extracting the oil sludge extraction rate is characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step b, the entrainer is one or a mixture of methanol, ethanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, n-pentane and the like.
4. The method for improving supercritical CO according to claim 12The method for extracting the oil sludge extraction rate is characterized by comprising the following steps: and in the step c, the upper part and the lower part of the extraction kettle are both provided with a screen.
5. The method for improving supercritical CO according to claim 12The method for extracting the oil sludge extraction rate is characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step b, the amount of the entrainer is 1-10% of the extractant.
6. According to the claimsSolution 1 for improving supercritical CO2The method for extracting the oil sludge extraction rate is characterized by comprising the following steps: the pressure value of the extraction kettle is 7.5-20 MPa.
7. The method for improving supercritical CO according to claim 12The method for extracting the oil sludge extraction rate is characterized by comprising the following steps: the extraction kettle is heated by a constant-temperature water bath or an extraction kettle with a heating sleeve.
8. Supercritical CO improving agent2The system for extracting the oil sludge extraction rate is characterized in that: comprises a compressor, a preheating kettle, a high-pressure metering device, an extraction kettle, a gas-liquid separation tank and an oil-water separation tank which are arranged in sequence;
the device is also provided with a dewatering device and an electric oil catcher, the dewatering device is connected with the extraction kettle, a feed inlet of the electric oil catcher is connected with an outlet of the gas-liquid separation tank, and an outlet of the electric oil catcher is connected with an inlet of the compressor.
9. The method for improving supercritical CO according to claim 12The method and the system for extracting the oil sludge extraction rate are characterized in that: the high-pressure metering device adopts a high-pressure metering pump, the dewatering device adopts a three-phase horizontal spiral centrifugal machine, and the electric tar precipitator adopts an electric tar precipitator.
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