CN109179543A - A kind of high-efficiency concentration solar desalination technology and system - Google Patents
A kind of high-efficiency concentration solar desalination technology and system Download PDFInfo
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- CN109179543A CN109179543A CN201811209005.XA CN201811209005A CN109179543A CN 109179543 A CN109179543 A CN 109179543A CN 201811209005 A CN201811209005 A CN 201811209005A CN 109179543 A CN109179543 A CN 109179543A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
- C02F1/14—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using solar energy
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
- Y02A20/138—Water desalination using renewable energy
- Y02A20/142—Solar thermal; Photovoltaics
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
- Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
- Y02A20/212—Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of high-efficiency concentration solar seawater desalination systems, storage tank is adjusted including the light collecting evaporation desalting plant of Fresnel, heat recovering heat exchanger, seawater, dense sea brine adjusts storage tank, fresh water storage tank, the present invention passes through the reasonable arrangement to each component, reduce the heat-carrying heat exchange link of high-temperature steam, solar energy directly heats evaporation of seawater, thermal resistance is reduced, solar energy utilization ratio is improved；The new seawater for entering system can be preheated using the waste heat of evaporation of seawater latent heat and dense sea brine, improve capacity usage ratio；Seawater sufficiently increases heat exchange area in falling film evaporator, and the slow flow evaporation of seawater is not easy boiling and splashes, substantially increases the evaporation efficiency of seawater；Each Fresnel optically focused evaporation desalination unit forms independent closed die group, does not leak heat between each other and does not also leak steam, and replacement component easy to disassemble does not influence the overall operation of system, cuts down investment and operating cost, is conducive to extensive popularization and application.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of sea water desalting technology, are related to high-efficiency concentration solar desalination technology, in particular with
The desalination technology and system that solar energy hot-cast socket is realized.
Background technique
Solar energy thermal method desalination technology mainly undergoes phase transition seawater using thermal energy, thus preparing fresh.The sun
Energy method for desalting seawater is divided into direct method and indirect method two major classes.Direct method is that collecting part and desalination part are integrated in one；
Indirect method is to separate collecting part and desalination part.The solar energy thermal method seawater desalination system developed at present is with indirect method
It is main, have been achieved with phasic results and have promotion prospect mainly have solar energy multiple-effect distillation, solar energy multi-stage flash method,
Solar energy compresses way of distillation etc..These belong to the way of distillation, because it does not consume conventional energy resource, pollution-free, gained fresh water purity is high,
And paid attention to by people.It is multiple-effect type distiller that water yield is higher in direct method, is that water suction hair storage is arranged in collecting plate reverse side
Deposit seawater, collecting plate after sunlight heats, seawater by thermal evaporation, the vapor evaporated encounter lower section cold baffle after be cooled to it is light
Water droplet, and the heat for condensing release reheats the seawater in partition reverse side water suction hair, is allowed to evaporate, repeatedly evaporation-concentration-
Re-evaporation, finally by undermost heat sink Residual heat removal.It is water suction batt material, adherency that this method needs, which are properly settled,
The problems such as agent.
Current solar energy thermal method desalination technology, no matter direct method or indirect method, economic performance all can not be with
Traditional desalination technology is compared.The key for improving its economic performance is to reduce initial cost cost, improves solar energy utilization ratio
And evaporation efficiency.Solar thermal collector mostly uses vacuum tube type, parabolic trough type heat collector and the medium temperature large size sun at present
Pond etc. enables solar still to run (75 DEG C) in higher temperature section, to improve solar energy utilization ratio；And the ring that exchanges heat
Section is using methods of operation such as air-flow absorption type, multi-stage falling-film multiple-effect back-heating type, multistage flash distillation formulas, it is intended to heat exchange efficiency is improved, from
And improve the gross efficiency of system.
But generally speaking, there are still following problems: 1. traditional solar energy for existing solar energy thermal method desalination technology
Heat collector, such as vacuum tube type, parabolic trough type heat collector, the lower problem of generally existing collecting efficiency；2. traditional sun
The heat exchange mode of energy distiller belongs to free convection, and heat exchange efficiency is to be improved；3. seawater thermal capacitance is larger, reinforcing means need to be taken
Improve its evaporation efficiency；4. indirect method increases solar energy heating steam, steam reheats the heat-carrying link of evaporation seawater, thermal resistance
Larger, efficiency of heating- utilization is to be improved；Although seawater evaporation efficiency of absorbing heat is lower 4. direct method is without heat-carrying thermal resistance, need into
One step increases heat absorption capacity, extension seawater heat-absorbent surface body ratio to improve water yield.Solve these problems is to develop solar energy thermal method
The key of desalination technology.
Summary of the invention
For drawbacks described above and deficiency present in existing solar energy thermal method desalination technology, the present invention is intended to provide one
Kind novel high-efficiency concentration solar seawater desalination system, by by Fresnel condenser, heat pipe evaporator, intellectual material
Adsorption condensing device and efficient recuperation of heat combine, and can further improve solar energy utilization ratio and evaporation of seawater efficiency, cut down investment
And operating cost, it is conducive to extensive popularization and application.
The present invention is technical solution used by solving its technical problem are as follows:
A kind of high-efficiency concentration solar seawater desalination system, including the light collecting evaporation desalting plant of Fresnel, recuperation of heat change
Hot device, seawater adjust storage tank, dense sea brine adjusts storage tank, fresh water storage tank, which is characterized in that
-- the light collecting evaporation desalting plant of Fresnel, comprising:
One is arranged in seawater water inlet manifold before the desalination of the light collecting evaporation desalting plant side of the Fresnel, the desalination
The import of preceding seawater water inlet manifold is connected to source of seawater,
One is arranged in seawater outfall sewer after the preheating of the light collecting evaporation desalting plant other side of the Fresnel, described pre-
After heat seawater outfall sewer outlet by pipeline successively through the cold side of the heat recovering heat exchanger, seawater adjust storage tank after with institute
The inlet communication of seawater water inlet manifold after reheating is stated,
One is arranged in seawater water inlet manifold after the reheating at the top of the light collecting evaporation desalting plant of the Fresnel,
One is arranged in the dense sea brine outfall sewer of the light collecting evaporation desalting plant bottom of the Fresnel, the dense salt sea
The outlet of water outfall sewer adjusts the inlet communication of tank top with the dense sea brine, and the dense sea brine adjusts tank bottom
Outlet by pipeline after the hot side of the heat recovering heat exchanger by dense sea brine discharge line be discharged,
One is arranged in the fresh water outlet general pipeline of the light collecting evaporation desalting plant bottom of the Fresnel, and the fresh water outlet is total
The outlet of pipe and the inlet communication of the fresh water storage tank；
-- the light collecting evaporation desalting plant of Fresnel is single by multiple Fresnel optically focused evaporation desalinations being arranged in array
Member composition, each Fresnel optically focused evaporate desalination unit, include a shell and a drop disposed in the housing
Film evaporator and a condenser, the Fresnel solar energy condenser that the front setting one of the shell is arranged towards the sun are described
The back side of Fresnel solar energy condenser sets gradually the condenser and falling film evaporator, sets below the falling film evaporator
A dense sea brine collecting tank is set, a fresh water collecting tank is arranged in the lower section of the condenser；
The condenser generally one has the closed container of center loophole, including a sea intake and a seawater go out
Mouthful, and the condenser is totally in the top of the falling film evaporator, and the Fresnel solar energy condenser is arranged in
In optical path outer ring；The sea intake of each condenser passes through the outlet of seawater water inlet manifold before branch line and the desalination
Connection, the seawer outlet of each condenser pass through the inlet communication of seawater outfall sewer after branch line and the preheating；
The flat container of the falling film evaporator generally one, wall surface uses ventilative and material impervious to water is made,
A sea intake is arranged in top, and bottom is arranged strong brine outlet, forms one at the center of the one side of condenser described in face
Optically focused heating surface, the optically focused heating surface generally within the Fresnel solar energy condenser focal point, through the Fresnel
Sunlight after solar energy condenser lens aggregation is incident upon on the optically focused heating surface after the center loophole of the condenser；
Arrange from top to bottom each column Fresnel optically focused evaporation desalination unit in, each falling film evaporator in series into
Row arrangement, the outlet of seawater water inlet manifold after the sea intake of the falling film evaporator of the top and the reheating,
The drain line of dense sea brine collecting tank is connected to the sea intake of next falling film evaporator, positioned at the falling film evaporation of bottom
Device, the inlet communication of the drain line of dense sea brine collecting tank and the dense sea brine outfall sewer, and each fresh water collection
Liquid bath passes through the inlet communication of its branch line Yu the fresh water outlet general pipeline.
Preferably, the flat container of the falling film evaporator generally one, sea intake are arranged at the top of it, described poly-
Light heating surface is formed at the end face center of condenser described in the flat container face, and the optically focused heating surface is formed as
One recess, so that the sunlight after being focused is radiated on the sunk surface, correspondingly, the shape of the samming heat pipe and institute
Recess is stated to be adapted.
Preferably, a samming heat pipe is also set up in the inner cavity of the falling film evaporator, the samming heat pipe is to by inner cavity
Heat in middle ocean temperature upper zone is transferred to rapidly the lower region of temperature, and seawater in entire inner cavity is then made to realize temperature
Degree is uniform.
Preferably, the shape of the samming heat pipe is adapted with the recess.
Further, the surface of the samming heat pipe is equipped with hydrophilic porous material, and the hydrophilic porous material is filled out
It fills in the entire inner cavity of the falling film evaporator, seawater is slowly flowed and evaporated in hydrophilic porous material, evaporation efficiency
Height does not easily cause boiling to splash.
Preferably, samming heat pipe can also be not provided in the falling film evaporator, and instead highly heat-conductive material.The drop
Interstitital texture inside film evaporator can not do hydrophily processing, or other expansible seawater except porous structure
The structure of heat-absorbent surface body ratio.
Preferably, the condenser is ring structure, and the condenser is arranged in the Fresnel solar energy condenser
Optical path outer ring in, avoid influencing optically focused optical path, and the condenser is totally in the top of the falling film evaporator.
Preferably, it is additionally provided with diversion trench outside the condenser, to improve fresh water collecting efficiency.
Preferably, intelligent surface can also be sprayed or is processed on the wall surface of the condenser, such as use memorial alloy
Structure or surface spraying thermal response hydrogel, TiO film etc. can make condenser according to the material of the spontaneous change surface energy of temperature
Surface wettability changes with temperature, hydrophilic when temperature is higher, conducive to the condensation of water；When condensing dilutional hyponatremia, surface liquid film
Thickness increases from steam to internal heat transfer thermal resistance, and the temperature of condenser reduces, and becomes hydrophobic material, liquid film is made to fall off rapidly.
Preferably, the condenser can be the other shapes except annular, as long as not stopping the Fresnel solar energy
The optically focused optical path of condenser.
Preferably, the surface of the condenser can not also use intellectual material, and use common smooth surface or other
Shape and structure surface.
Preferably, the circulating pump of seawater flowing before a driving is desalinated, institute are also set up before the desalination on seawater water inlet manifold
State the circulating pump that the dense sea brine flowing of a driving is also set up on the export pipeline of dense sea brine adjusting storage tank.
Preferably, control valve is respectively arranged in the cold side import pipeline of the heat recovering heat exchanger, hot side import pipeline
, control valve is provided on the export pipeline of the seawater adjusting storage tank.
Preferably, settable two branches on the export pipeline that dense sea brine adjusts storage tank, a branch and the heat
The hot side connection of heat exchanger is recycled, another branch is connected to the seawater adjusting storage tank is entered, and dense sea brine is then passed through the seawater
It adjusts and is re-mixed in storage tank with the seawater after preheating, be evaporated recycling into system, improve seawater utilization efficiency.
In high-efficiency concentration solar seawater desalination system of the invention, the heat recovering heat exchanger, effect is to utilize steaming
The waste heat of the higher dense sea brine of temperature preheats the seawater into its cold side after hair, improves system capacity utilization efficiency.It is described
Seawater adjust storage tank, function as preheating after seawater storage device, while to system circuit have stablize and adjust flow,
The effect of pressure.The dense sea brine adjusts storage tank, the storage device of dense sea brine after evaporation is functioned as, to collect
Dense sea brine stablizes dense sea brine circular flow and pressure.The dense sea brine pumps the transfer tube as dense sea brine, drives it
Heat recovering heat exchanger is flowed into exchange heat.Transfer tube of the sea water circulating pump as the seawater to be evaporated for entering system, drives
Its light collecting evaporation desalting plant of inflow is moved to be evaporated.The freshwater storage device, as the storage for collecting fresh water after condensation
Device.
High-efficiency concentration solar seawater desalination system of the invention, its working principle is that:
The angle of the evaporation desalting plant is adjusted, so that each Fresnel optically focused of sunlight face evaporates desalination unit
Fresnel solar energy condenser, through the Fresnel solar energy condenser aggregation after sunlight pass through the condenser in
It is incident upon after heart loophole on the optically focused heating surface of the falling film evaporator, is steamed so that the seawater in the falling film evaporator is heated
Hair is steam.Seawater before desalination in source of seawater enters the evaporation desalting plant through seawater water inlet manifold before the desalination, and
Through each branch line enter each condenser, after being condensed in each condenser to steam temperature rise, after through each branched pipe
Enter seawater outfall sewer after the preheating after the confluence of road；Fresh water after condensation is collected by each fresh water collecting tank and is passed through each
Branch line converges into fresh water outlet general pipeline, and is delivered in the fresh water storage tank 7 through fresh water outlet general pipeline；It is extra large after the preheating
Water outfall sewer by seawater after preheating successively through the cold side of the heat recovering heat exchanger, seawater adjust storage tank, after reheating seawater into
Supply mains is delivered to the top of the light collecting evaporation desalting plant of the Fresnel, and seawater successively flows from top to bottom under the effect of gravity
Enter in each falling film evaporator, realizes multiple-effect evaporation, salt concentration gradually rises, finally from the dense of bottom falling film evaporator bottom
Dense sea brine is expelled in sea brine collecting tank to adjust in storage tank；And the dense sea brine adjusts the higher dense salt of temperature in storage tank
Seawater is expelled in the sea after being then transported to the hot side cooling of the heat recovering heat exchanger.
Compared with the existing technology, high-efficiency concentration solar seawater desalination system of the invention has significant technological merit,
It is mainly manifested in: (1) using Fresnel Lenses beam condensing unit, improving solar energy heat utilization efficiency；(2) reduce high-temperature steam
Heat-carrying exchange heat link, solar energy directly heats evaporation of seawater, reduces thermal resistance, improve solar energy utilization ratio；(3) it can utilize
The waste heat of evaporation of seawater latent heat and dense sea brine newly enters the seawater of system to preheat, and improves capacity usage ratio；(4) seawater is dropping
Sufficiently increase heat exchange area in film evaporator, the slow flow evaporation of seawater is not easy boiling and splashes, samming heat pipe take the thermal efficiency it is high,
Uniform temperature is good, substantially increases the evaporation efficiency of seawater；(5) there is diversion trench in condenser outer surface and changes hydrophily according to temperature
The intelligence structure of energy, can greatly improve condensate efficiency；(6) the light collecting evaporation desalination of each Fresnel forms independent closed die
Group does not leak heat between each other and does not leak steam, while replacement component easy to disassemble yet, do not influence the overall operation of system.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the embodiment 1 of high-efficiency concentration solar seawater desalination system of the invention；
Fig. 2 is the overall structure diagram that Fresnel optically focused evaporates desalination unit；
Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram of falling film evaporator, section signal when (A) is slant setting falling film evaporator in figure
Figure, schematic cross-section when (B) is upright placement falling film evaporator, (C) is the front view of falling film evaporator；
Fig. 4 is the structural schematic diagram of condenser, and schematic cross-section when (A) is slant setting condenser in figure, (B) is straight
Schematic cross-section when setting condenser is stood up, (C) is the front view of condenser；
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of the embodiment 2 of high-efficiency concentration solar seawater desalination system of the invention.
Specific embodiment
To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, right hereinafter, referring to the drawings and the embodiments,
The present invention is further described.
Embodiment 1
As shown in Figure 1, high-efficiency concentration solar seawater desalination system of the invention, including the light collecting evaporation desalination of Fresnel
Device 1, heat recovering heat exchanger 2, seawater adjust storage tank 3, dense sea brine adjusts several parts such as storage tank 4, fresh water storage tank 7, wherein luxuriant and rich with fragrance
The setting of seawater water inlet manifold 110, one is another at it before the desalination of its side is arranged in including one in the light collecting evaporation desalting plant 1 of Nie Er
The setting of seawater water inlet manifold 130, one exists after the reheating at the top of it is arranged in seawater outfall sewer 120, one after the preheating of one side
The dense sea brine outfall sewer 140 of its bottom and one it is similarly disposed at fresh water outlet general pipeline 150 in its bottom, before desalination
The import of seawater water inlet manifold 110 is connected to source of seawater, and the light collecting evaporation desalting plant 1 of Fresnel is arranged in array by multiple
Fresnel optically focused evaporates desalination unit 100 and forms, and the outlet of seawater outfall sewer 120 is by pipeline successively through recuperation of heat after preheating
The cold side of heat exchanger 2, seawater adjust the inlet communication after storage tank 3 with seawater water inlet manifold 130 after reheating, and dense sea brine water outlet is total
The outlet of pipe 140 adjusts the inlet communication at 4 top of storage tank with dense sea brine, and the outlet that dense sea brine adjusts 4 bottom of storage tank passes through
Pipeline is discharged after the hot side of heat recovering heat exchanger 2 by dense sea brine discharge line 11, the outlet of fresh water outlet general pipeline 150 with it is light
The inlet communication of water storage tank 7.Further, seawater flowing before a driving is desalinated is also set up before desalinating on seawater water inlet manifold 110
Circulating pump 6, dense sea brine adjusts the circulating pump 5 that the dense sea brine flowing of a driving is also set up on the export pipeline of storage tank 4.And it is excellent
It is selected in the cold side import pipeline of heat recovering heat exchanger 2, hot side import pipeline is respectively arranged with control valve 8,9, seawater adjusting storage
Control valve 10 is provided on the export pipeline of tank 3.
In high-efficiency concentration solar seawater desalination system of the invention, heat recovering heat exchanger 2, effect is using after evaporation
The waste heat of the higher dense sea brine of temperature preheats the seawater into its cold side, improves system capacity utilization efficiency.Seawater is adjusted
Storage tank 3 functions as the storage device of seawater after preheating, while having to system circuit and stablizing and adjust flow, pressure
Effect.Dense sea brine adjusts storage tank 4, functions as the storage device of dense sea brine after evaporation, to collect dense sea brine,
Stablize dense sea brine circular flow and pressure.Transfer tube of the dense sea brine pump 5 as dense sea brine, drives it to flow into recuperation of heat and changes
Hot device 2 exchanges heat.Transfer tube of the sea water circulating pump 6 as the seawater to be evaporated for entering system, drives its inflow light collecting
Evaporation desalting plant 1 is evaporated.Freshwater storage device 7, as the storage device for collecting fresh water after condensation.
As shown in figs. 2 to 4, each Fresnel optically focused evaporation desalination unit 100 includes a shell 103 and is arranged in shell
A dense sea brine collecting tank is arranged in the lower section of a falling film evaporator 101 and a condenser 102 in body 103, falling film evaporator 101
104, a fresh water collecting tank 105 is arranged in the lower section of condenser 102, and condenser 102 is totally in the top of falling film evaporator 101,
The one Fresnel solar energy condenser 106 of front setting of shell 103, the back side of Fresnel solar energy condenser 106 is set gradually
Condenser 102 and falling film evaporator 101；Condenser 102 generally one has the closed container 1021 of center loophole 1022, packet
Include a sea intake 1023 and a seawer outlet 1024；A sea intake 1011, face is arranged in the top of falling film evaporator 101
Form an optically focused heating surface 1012 at the center of the one side of condenser 102, the optically focused heating surface 1012 of condenser 102 generally within
The focal point of Fresnel solar energy condenser 106, the sunlight 107 after the aggregation of Fresnel solar energy condenser 106 pass through solidifying
It is incident upon on the optically focused heating surface 1012 of condenser 102 after the center loophole 1022 of vapour device 102.
With reference to Fig. 1,2, each Fresnel optically focused evaporation 100 array cloth of desalination unit postpones that form the light collecting evaporation of Fresnel light
Makeup sets 1, and in the light collecting evaporation desalting plant 1 of Fresnel, and the shell of each Fresnel optically focused evaporation desalination unit 100 is just
Face both faces towards the sun；The sea intake 1023 of each condenser 102 by branch line and desalinates preceding seawater water inlet manifold 110
Outlet, the seawer outlet 1024 of each condenser 102 pass through the import of seawater outfall sewer 120 after branch line and preheating
Connection；Arrange from top to bottom each column Fresnel optically focused evaporation desalination unit 100 in, wherein each falling film evaporator 101 according to
Concatenated mode is arranged, and seawater water inlet is total after the sea intake 1011 of the falling film evaporator 101 of the top and reheating
The outlet of pipe 130, the seawater of the drain line 1041 of dense sea brine collecting tank 104 and next falling film evaporator 101 into
Mouth 1011 is connected to, positioned at the falling film evaporator 101 of bottom, the drain line 1041 of dense sea brine collecting tank 104 and dense salt
The inlet communication of seawater outfall sewer 140, and each fresh water collecting tank 105 passes through its branch line 1051 and fresh water outlet general pipeline
150 inlet communication.
Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram of falling film evaporator.As shown in figure 3, the flat appearance of falling film evaporator 101 generally one
Device, wall surface uses ventilative and material impervious to water 1014 is made, and sea intake 1011 is arranged in top, and strong brine is arranged in bottom
Outlet forms optically focused heating surface 1012 at the wall surface center of face condenser 102, a samming heat pipe is arranged in inner cavity
1013, sea intake 1011 is the seawater after reheating to be introduced into the inner cavity of falling film evaporator 101,1012 quilt of optically focused heating surface
The seawater in inner cavity is transferred heat to after sunlight heating after focusing and makes to evaporate after seawater is heated, and samming heat pipe 1013 is used
The heat in the higher region of ocean temperature in inner cavity is transferred to rapidly the lower region of temperature, then make in entire inner cavity
Seawater realizes that temperature is uniform, to improve the uniform temperature and heat transfer efficiency of seawater, enhances evaporation of seawater.Samming heat pipe 1013
Surface preferably process or spray hydrophilic porous material, and be filled in the entire inner cavity of evaporator, seawater is in porous material
In slowly flow and evaporate, evaporation efficiency is high, does not easily cause boiling to splash.It is formed after evaporation of seawater in falling film evaporator 101
For strong brine, it is emitted into through strong brine outlet in the dense sea brine collecting tank 104 of 101 lower section of falling film evaporator.
Preferably, the flat container of falling film evaporator 101 generally one, sea intake 1011 is arranged at the top of it, gathers
Light heating surface 1012 is formed at the end face center of flat container face condenser 102, and optically focused heating surface 1012 is formed as
One recess, so that the sunlight after being focused is radiated on sunk surface, correspondingly, shape and the recess phase of samming heat pipe 1013
Adaptation.
It should be noted that samming heat pipe 1013 can also be not provided in falling film evaporator 101, and instead high thermal conductivity material
Material.Interstitital texture inside falling film evaporator 101 can not do hydrophily processing, or other except porous structure can
Extend the structure of seawater heat-absorbent surface body ratio.
Fig. 4 is the structural schematic diagram of condenser.As shown in figure 4, condenser 102 generally one has center loophole 1022
Closed container 1021, it is preferable that condenser 102 be ring structure, and condenser 102 be arranged in Fresnel solar energy condenser
In 106 optical path outer ring, avoid influencing optically focused optical path, and the overall top for being in falling film evaporator 101 of condenser 102.Envelope
The side for closing container 1021 is equipped with the sea intake 1023 communicated therewith, and the other side is equipped with the seawer outlet 1024 communicated therewith,
Sea intake 1023 is introduced in the cavity of condenser 102 to seawater before the desalination in seawater water inlet manifold 110 before desalinating,
Due to the overall top for being in falling film evaporator 101 of condenser 102, the hot steam and condenser 102 that falling film evaporator 101 generates
Wall surface then with before the desalination in 102 cavity of condenser seawater carry out heat exchange so that hot steam cooling be condensed into fresh water simultaneously
It is collected by the fresh water collecting tank 105 below condenser 102 is arranged in, and seawater is inhaled before the desalination in 102 cavity of condenser
It is discharged after heat by seawer outlet 1024.Preferably, it is additionally provided with diversion trench outside condenser 102, to improve fresh water collecting efficiency, into
One step, intelligent surface can also be sprayed or be processed on the wall surface of condenser 102, such as use memory alloy structure or table
Face, which sprays thermal response hydrogel, TiO film etc., can make condenser surface wettability according to the material of the spontaneous change surface energy of temperature
It changes with temperature: it is hydrophilic when temperature is higher, conducive to the condensation of water；When condensing dilutional hyponatremia, surface liquid film is thick, from steam to
Internal heat transfer thermal resistance increases, and the temperature of condenser reduces, and becomes hydrophobic material, liquid film is made to fall off rapidly.
It should be noted that condenser 102 can be the other shapes except annular, as long as not stopping Fresnel solar energy
The optically focused optical path of condenser 106；The surface of condenser 102 can not also use intellectual material, and use common smooth table
Face or other shapes body structure surface.
With reference to Fig. 1~4, the working principle of high-efficiency concentration solar seawater desalination system of the invention are as follows:
The angle of evaporation desalting plant 1 is adjusted, so that each Fresnel optically focused of 107 face of sunlight evaporates desalination unit 100
Fresnel solar energy condenser 106, through Fresnel solar energy condenser 106 aggregation after sunlight 107 pass through condenser 102
Center loophole 1022 after be incident upon on the optically focused heating surface 1012 of falling film evaporator 101 so that in falling film evaporator 101
Seawater is heated to be evaporated to steam.Seawater before desalination in source of seawater, seawater water inlet manifold 110 enters evaporation desalination dress before being desalinated
1 is set, and enters each condenser 102 through each branch line, temperature rises after condensing in each condenser 102 to steam, it
Enter seawater outfall sewer 120 after preheating after converging by each branch line；Fresh water after condensation, by each fresh water collecting tank 105
It collects and converges into fresh water outlet general pipeline 150 through each branch line, and be delivered in fresh water storage tank 7 through fresh water outlet general pipeline 150；
Cold side of the seawater outfall sewer 120 by seawater after preheating successively through heat recovering heat exchanger 2, seawater adjust storage tank 3, reheating after preheating
Seawater water inlet manifold 130 is delivered to the top of the light collecting evaporation desalting plant 1 of Fresnel afterwards, and seawater is arrived from above under the effect of gravity
Under successively flow into each falling film evaporator 101, realize multiple-effect evaporation, salt concentration gradually rises, and finally steams from bottom falling liquid film
It sends out and is expelled in the dense sea brine collecting tank 104 of 101 bottom of device in dense sea brine adjusting storage tank 4；And dense sea brine adjusts storage tank 4
The middle higher dense sea brine of temperature is expelled in the sea after being then transported to the hot side cooling of heat recovering heat exchanger 2.
Embodiment 2
As shown in figure 5, a kind of deformation as embodiment 1, further to recycle the higher dense salt of temperature after evaporation
Heat in seawater.Settable two branches on the export pipeline that dense sea brine adjusts storage tank 4, a branch is according to embodiment
1 mode is expelled in the sea, the dense sea brine of another way after so that dense sea brine is continued to be passed through the hot side cooling of heat recovering heat exchanger 2
It is then passed through in seawater adjusting storage tank 3 and is re-mixed with the seawater after preheating, be evaporated recycling into system, improve seawater benefit
Use efficiency.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all in essence of the invention
Within mind and principle, any modification, equivalent substitution, improvement and etc. done be should be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of high-efficiency concentration solar seawater desalination system, including the light collecting evaporation desalting plant of Fresnel, recuperation of heat heat exchange
Device, seawater adjust storage tank, dense sea brine adjusts storage tank, fresh water storage tank, which is characterized in that
-- the light collecting evaporation desalting plant of Fresnel, comprising:
One is arranged in seawater water inlet manifold before the desalination of the light collecting evaporation desalting plant side of the Fresnel, extra large before the desalination
The import of water water inlet manifold is connected to source of seawater,
One is arranged in seawater outfall sewer after the preheating of the light collecting evaporation desalting plant other side of the Fresnel, after the preheating
Seawater outfall sewer outlet by pipeline successively through the cold side of the heat recovering heat exchanger, seawater adjust storage tank after with it is described again
The inlet communication of seawater water inlet manifold after heat,
One is arranged in seawater water inlet manifold after the reheating at the top of the light collecting evaporation desalting plant of the Fresnel,
One is arranged in the dense sea brine outfall sewer of the light collecting evaporation desalting plant bottom of the Fresnel, and the dense sea brine goes out
The outlet of supply mains adjusts the inlet communication of tank top with the dense sea brine, and the dense sea brine adjusts going out for tank bottom
Mouth is discharged after the hot side of the heat recovering heat exchanger by dense sea brine discharge line by pipeline,
One is arranged in the fresh water outlet general pipeline of the light collecting evaporation desalting plant bottom of the Fresnel, the fresh water outlet general pipeline's
The inlet communication of outlet and the fresh water storage tank；
-- the light collecting evaporation desalting plant of Fresnel evaporates desalination unit group by multiple Fresnel optically focused being arranged in array
At each Fresnel optically focused evaporates desalination unit, includes that a shell and a falling liquid film disposed in the housing steam
Send out device and a condenser, the Fresnel solar energy condenser that the front setting one of the shell is arranged towards the sun, the phenanthrene alunite
The back side of your solar energy condenser lens sets gradually the condenser and falling film evaporator, the lower section setting one of the falling film evaporator
A fresh water collecting tank is arranged in the lower section of dense sea brine collecting tank, the condenser；
The condenser generally one has the closed container of center loophole, including a sea intake and a seawer outlet, and
The condenser is totally in the top of the falling film evaporator, and is arranged in outside the optical path of the Fresnel solar energy condenser
In ring；The sea intake of each condenser passes through the outlet of seawater water inlet manifold before branch line and the desalination,
The seawer outlet of each condenser passes through the inlet communication of seawater outfall sewer after branch line and the preheating；
The flat container of the falling film evaporator generally one, wall surface uses ventilative and material impervious to water is made, top
One sea intake is set, and bottom is arranged strong brine outlet, forms an optically focused at the center of the one side of condenser described in face
Heating surface, the optically focused heating surface generally within the Fresnel solar energy condenser focal point, through the Fresnel solar
Sunlight after energy condenser aggregation is incident upon on the optically focused heating surface after the center loophole of the condenser；
In each column Fresnel optically focused evaporation desalination unit arranged from top to bottom, each falling film evaporator is according to concatenated side
Formula is arranged, and the outlet of seawater water inlet manifold connects after the sea intake of the falling film evaporator of the top and the reheating
Logical, the drain line of dense sea brine collecting tank is connected to the sea intake of next falling film evaporator, positioned at the falling liquid film of bottom
Evaporator, the inlet communication of the drain line of dense sea brine collecting tank and the dense sea brine outfall sewer, and it is each described light
Water collecting tank passes through the inlet communication of its branch line Yu the fresh water outlet general pipeline.
2. the high-efficiency concentration solar seawater desalination system according to the claims, which is characterized in that the falling liquid film steams
The flat container of device generally one is sent out, sea intake is arranged at top, and the optically focused heating surface is formed in the flat appearance
At the end face center of condenser described in device face, and the optically focused heating surface is formed as a recess, so that the sun after being focused
Light is radiated on the sunk surface.
3. the high-efficiency concentration solar seawater desalination system according to the claims, which is characterized in that the falling liquid film steams
It sends out in the inner cavity of device and also sets up a samming heat pipe, the samming heat pipe is to by the heat in inner cavity in ocean temperature upper zone
It is transferred to the lower region of temperature rapidly, seawater in entire inner cavity is then made to realize that temperature is uniform.
4. high-efficiency concentration solar seawater desalination system according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the samming heat pipe shape
It is adapted as one with the shape of the recess.
5. high-efficiency concentration solar seawater desalination system according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the samming heat pipe
Surface is equipped with hydrophilic porous material, and the hydrophilic porous material is filled in the entire inner cavity of the falling film evaporator,
Seawater is slowly flowed and is evaporated in hydrophilic porous material, and evaporation efficiency is high, does not easily cause boiling to splash.
6. according to the claims or the high-efficiency concentration solar seawater desalination system, which is characterized in that the falling liquid film
It is additionally provided with highly heat-conductive material in inner cavity in evaporator, and is filled with the structure of expansible seawater heat-absorbent surface body ratio.
7. the high-efficiency concentration solar seawater desalination system according to the claims, which is characterized in that the condenser
For ring structure, and the condenser is arranged in the optical path outer ring of the Fresnel solar energy condenser, avoids influencing optically focused
Optical path, and the condenser is totally in the top of the falling film evaporator.
8. the high-efficiency concentration solar seawater desalination system according to the claims, which is characterized in that the condenser
It is additionally provided with diversion trench outside, to improve fresh water collecting efficiency.
9. the high-efficiency concentration solar seawater desalination system according to the claims, which is characterized in that the condenser
Wall surface on can also spray or be processed into intelligent surface, thermal response water-setting is such as sprayed using memory alloy structure or surface
Glue, TiO film etc. can make condenser surface wettability change with temperature according to the material of the spontaneous change surface energy of temperature,
It is hydrophilic when temperature is higher, conducive to the condensation of water；When condensing dilutional hyponatremia, surface liquid film is thick, increases from steam to internal heat transfer thermal resistance
Add, the temperature of condenser reduces, and becomes hydrophobic material, liquid film is made to fall off rapidly.
10. the high-efficiency concentration solar seawater desalination system according to the claims, which is characterized in that the condenser
It can be the other shapes except annular, as long as not stopping the optically focused optical path of the Fresnel solar energy condenser.
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