CN108622982A - A kind of solar membrane distillation system of combination heat pump techniques - Google Patents
A kind of solar membrane distillation system of combination heat pump techniques Download PDFInfo
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- CN108622982A CN108622982A CN201710153280.3A CN201710153280A CN108622982A CN 108622982 A CN108622982 A CN 108622982A CN 201710153280 A CN201710153280 A CN 201710153280A CN 108622982 A CN108622982 A CN 108622982A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
- C02F1/447—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by membrane distillation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/36—Pervaporation; Membrane distillation; Liquid permeation
- B01D61/364—Membrane distillation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/36—Pervaporation; Membrane distillation; Liquid permeation
- B01D61/366—Apparatus therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D65/00—Accessories or auxiliary operations, in general, for separation processes or apparatus using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D65/02—Membrane cleaning or sterilisation ; Membrane regeneration
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
- C02F1/14—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using solar energy
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2321/00—Details relating to membrane cleaning, regeneration, sterilization or to the prevention of fouling
- B01D2321/16—Use of chemical agents
- B01D2321/162—Use of acids
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2321/00—Details relating to membrane cleaning, regeneration, sterilization or to the prevention of fouling
- B01D2321/16—Use of chemical agents
- B01D2321/164—Use of bases
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
- Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
- Y02A20/212—Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
- Y02B30/52—Heat recovery pumps, i.e. heat pump based systems or units able to transfer the thermal energy from one area of the premises or part of the facilities to a different one, improving the overall efficiency
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of new type solar energy membrane distillation systems of combination heat pump techniques, it is intended to achieve the purpose that reduce membrane distillation process energy consumption on the whole using solar energy heat collector heating raw water.The application of heat pump realizes the abundant recycling to the vapor heat of transformation in system, improves the thermal efficiency of process.Especially when in needing to carry out the case where auxiliary heats using electrically heated rod, the energy-saving effect that heat pump can reach is more obvious.The evaporator organic combination of membrane component and heat pump system is improved the integrated level of system, simplified operation flow and the other operating costs of reduction by the heat pump solar energy distillation device.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of solar membrane distillation systems, and in particular to heats raw material using solar vacuum heat-collecting pipe
Liquid, and the heat of transformation for combining heat pump techniques fully to recycle vapor can make for supplementing the heat maintained needed for material liquid temperature
Membrane distillation process achievees the effect that energy-saving on the whole.
Background technology
Solar energy is a kind of inexhaustible and obtains convenient renewable green energy resource, at present on how to efficiently using too
The correlative study of positive energy has become academic and industrial quarters the focus of attention.As solar energy basis the most and direct utilization side
Formula heats water using solar energy, obtains required hot water of living, grasped very early by the mankind.With material science
And the progress of technology, more and more various forms of solar thermal collectors are developed, to meet industry and in life each
Kind demand.
Film distillation technology is a kind of new separation technology for the great potential being combined conventional distillation and membrane technology, can
It is widely used in the processes such as desalination, desalination and the concentration of seawater/bitter/industrial wastewater；The high, producing water water quality with salt rejection rate
The advantages such as good and water rate of recovery height.Film distillation technology is totally in lab scale/pilot scale research stage at present, rarely has commercial Application case
Example.The main problem that the technology further develops is restricted to be：When there is no industrial waste heat to heat material liquid as heat source, use
Traditional Electric heating can cause the energy consumption of membrane distillation process and operating cost excessively high.However, the characteristics of membrane distillation process, exists
In material liquid need not be heated to boiling point, running temperature under normal conditions is only between 60-80 DEG C；On the other hand, the sun
Energy heat collector (being not necessarily to electrical heating) can heat the water to 80 DEG C or more.Thus scientific research personnel is in membrane distillation process and solar energy heating
Binding site is found between technology, i.e.,：Using low-temperature solar energy heat collector (i.e. solar energy heat collection pipe) by the original of membrane distillation process
Feed liquid is heated to required temperature.The energy consumption of the more single film distillation technology of solar membrane distillation substantially reduces, and does not generate secondary pollution
And operating cost substantially reduces, and energy-saving, environmentally friendly and cost-effective triple benefits may be implemented.Solar membrane distillation technology is existing
Still in R＆D process, there is also such as when considering that pipeline dissipates and when without system thermal reuse, the heat of whole system
Amount loss is likely to be breached 50% or more problem.
Heat pump is a kind of device that heat can be transferred to temperature end from low-temperature end.The device can be from the sky in nature
Low grade heat energy is obtained in gas and water or soil, by consuming electric energy acting, the high-grade thermal energy that can be utilized is provided to people.
By the difference of low-temperature heat source type, heat pump can be broadly divided into air source heat pump, water resource heat pump and earth source heat pump.Air-source and Di Yuan
Heat pump is mainly used for air-conditioning and HVAC system, and water resource heat pump has been used for the heat in recycling industry cooling recirculated water, improves at present
Utilization efficiency of heat energy.The low-temperature heat quantity that the vapor heat of transformation and water coolers contain during membrane distillation is carried out in conjunction with heat pump techniques
It efficiently uses, conventional film distillation process high energy consumption, the relatively low problem of energy utilization efficiency can be overcome.
Chinese patent CN203155103U is related to a kind of membrane module and membrane distillation system of combination solar energy.Membrane module includes
It is equipped with the cold working medium vessel of cold wall and the hot working fluid vessel equipped with film, has gap between the per-meate side and cold wall of film, is equivalent to
A kind of air gap membrane distillation component.This set distillation device need to use solar power system, and cold work is allowed using thermoelectric cooling technology
Matter vessel keeps low-temperature condition, and equipment is complicated and input is higher；Meanwhile the heat of transformation of water vapour, thermal energy are also generated without reuse
Utilization ratio is relatively low.
Chinese patent CN104261608A discloses a kind of solar membrane distillation method for desalting seawater, including a kind of hollow fibre
The membrane component and mating solar thermal collection system that dimension film and the doughnut condenser pipe submission system of miscoding are filled.This is specially
The design of membrane module realizes the recycling of condensation latent heat in profit, improves heat utilization rate.But the preparation process of membrane module compared with
For complexity, and membrane module surface is contaminated cause separating property to decline after, the hollow-fibre membrane and doughnut of alternating expression are cold
Not easy cleaning and the replacement of solidifying pipe.
Chinese patent CN103663590A discloses a kind of vacuum membrane distillation sewage-treatment plant that can recycle heat, should
Device is integrated heat pump and vacuum membrane distillation component, it is characterised in that is distributed using refrigerant-recovery vapor phase transformation
Heat, and for the sewage in heating evaporation device (membrane module) to achieve the effect that heat recovery and utilization has recycling water, dense
Contracting waste liquid and energy saving three zones.But the membrane module used in the invention is column type membrane tube, film effective area is little,
Therefore membrane flux will not be too high.Raw water is heated by electrically heated mode in addition, the device still needs, therefore whole energy
Consumption is still higher.
It is compared with above-mentioned patent, the present invention relates to a kind of by solar thermal collection system, heat pump assembly and membrane distillation process knot
The hybrid system of conjunction has given full play to the advantage of respective technology.It can be added first instead of traditional electricity using solar energy heat collection pipe
Material liquid in membrane distillation is warming up to required temperature by heat, reduces the consumption to electric energy because of heating material liquid.Secondly, the present invention
By integrating heat pump system and membrane module, there is higher integrated level, can realize to the abundant of the vapor heat of transformation
Recycling, improves the utilization ratio of thermal energy during membrane distillation.In addition, the use of hollow-fibre membrane ensure that the device possesses foot
Enough effective membrane areas, can obtain higher membrane flux.The design of membrane module can facilitate to the hollow-fibre membrane in component into
Row is replaced.Meanwhile this application easily can carry out on-line cleaning and drying to system, can reduce operation difficulty, reduce and safeguard
Expense.
Invention content
In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of solar energy of combination heat pump techniques
Membrane distillation system replaces the Electric heating in conventional film distillation process to heat material liquid using solar energy heat collection pipe,
Effectively reduce the energy consumption and operating cost of membrane distillation.
Another object of the present invention is to be based on heat pump system, and high efficiente callback utilizes the heat of transformation of vapor, for assisting
Material liquid is heated, the thermal energy whole utilization efficiency of membrane distillation process is improved.
Third object of the present invention is organic combination heat pump, solar thermal collection system and membrane distillation process, is given full play to
The advantage of respective technology improves the integrated level of system, convenient that membrane module is replaced and cleaned；It realizes and was cleaned and dried simultaneously
The on-line operation of journey reduces operation difficulty.
To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is that：
A kind of solar membrane distillation system of combination heat pump techniques, including：Raw water box 31, acid solution cleaning case 20, lye are clear
Tank-washer 26, membrane component 2, production water collecting device, solar thermal collection system and heat pump system；
The membrane component 2 includes：Pyrogen liquor inlet 52, pyrogen material liquid outlet 49, refrigerant inlet 51, refrigerant
Outlet 50 and production water/steam outlet 53；
The heat pump system includes：Evaporator 43, compressor 42, condenser 41, fluid reservoir 40, filter 39 and expansion valve
38；
The evaporator 43 is located in membrane component 2, and the upper end of evaporator 43 is refrigerant outlet 50, evaporator 43
Lower end is refrigerant inlet 51, and the condenser 41 is located in raw water box 31, the refrigerant outlet 50 and compressor 42 into
Mouth is connected, and the outlet of compressor 42 is connected with the import of condenser 41, and the outlet of condenser 41 is connected with the import of fluid reservoir 40,
The outlet of fluid reservoir 40 is connected with one end of filter 39, and the other end of filter 39 passes through expansion valve 38 and refrigerant inlet 51
It is connected；
The pyrogen liquor inlet 52 respectively with cleaning water inlet 21, acid solution cleaning case 20 and caustic dip case 26 bottom
It exports, the bottom water outlet of raw water box 31 is connected with air-heater 33；
The pyrogen material liquid outlet 49 respectively with the water inlet of raw water box 31, acid solution cleaning case 20 and caustic dip case 26
Import is connected, and the pyrogen material liquid outlet 49 is also connected with air；
Production water/the steam outlet 53 is connected with the import for producing water collecting device；
The side lower outlet of the solar thermal collection system is connected with the water inlet of raw water box 31；The solar energy heating
The middle part water inlet of system is connected with the side upper water-out mouth and side lower outlet of raw water box 31.
On the basis of said program, the solar thermal collection system includes：Solar vacuum heat-collecting pipe 12, heat exchange coil
16 and water tank 18；
One end of the solar vacuum heat-collecting pipe 12 is connected by thermometer V 11 with the import of heat exchange coil 16, described
The outlet of heat exchange coil 16 is connected by diaphragm pump IV 15 and thermometer VI 14 with the other end of solar vacuum heat-collecting pipe 12；Institute
Heat exchange coil 16 is stated to be located in water tank 18.
On the basis of said program, equipped with electrically heated rod 17 in the water tank 18, set at the original water inlet of water tank 18
There are valve Ⅹ V 9, the side lower outlet of water tank 18 to pass through diaphragm pump III 19, thermometer IV 8 and valve VII 7 and raw water box 31
Water inlet is connected；The middle part water inlet of water tank 18 is connected by valve VI 30 with the side lower outlet of raw water box 31, water tank 18
Middle part water inlet be connected with the side upper water-out mouth of raw water box 31.
On the basis of said program, the side upper water-out mouth of the raw water box 31 is connected by valve Ⅹ IV 29 and air
It connects, the side lower outlet of the raw water box 31 is connect by valve VI 30 and valve Ⅹ IV 29 with air.
On the basis of said program, the solar vacuum heat-collecting pipe 12 is put in 45 degree of angle swings.
On the basis of said program, the production water collecting device includes：Vacuum pump using circulatory water 1,47 and of moisture trap
Produce water collecting tank 48；The import of the moisture trap 47 is connected by thermometer II 45 with production water/steam outlet 53, described
The upper end outlet of moisture trap 47 is connected with the import of vacuum pump using circulatory water 1, and the lower end outlet of the moisture trap 47 is logical
It crosses valve Ⅹ III 46 and is connected with the import for producing water collecting tank 48.
On the basis of said program, set successively between the pyrogen liquor inlet 52 and the bottom water outlet of raw water box 31
There are spinner flowmeter 44, thermometer I 37, cartridge filter 35, diaphragm pump II 36 and valve Ⅸ 32；The pyrogen liquor inlet 52
Valve VIII 34 is equipped between air-heater 33；The pyrogen liquor inlet 52 and cleaning water inlet 21, caustic dip case 26 and acid
Diaphragm pump I 25 is equipped between the outlet at bottom of liquid cleaning case 20.
On the basis of said program, valve I 22, the alkali are equipped between the cleaning water inlet 21 and diaphragm pump I 25
Between the outlet at bottom and diaphragm pump I 25 of liquid cleaning case 26 be equipped with valve III 24, the outlet at bottom of the acid solution cleaning case 20 with
Valve II 23 is equipped between diaphragm pump I 25.
On the basis of said program, temperature is equipped between the pyrogen material liquid outlet 49 and the water inlet of raw water box 31 successively
Table III 3 and valve Ⅹ 4 are spent, between the pyrogen material liquid outlet 49 and caustic dip case 26 and the import of acid solution cleaning case 20 successively
Equipped with thermometer III 3, valve Ⅹ 4 and valve Ⅺ 5, the pyrogen material liquid outlet 49 passes through thermometer III 3, valve Ⅹ 4, valve Ⅺ
5 and valve Ⅻ 6 be connected with air.
On the basis of said program, valve V 27, institute are equipped between the import and valve Ⅺ 5 of the caustic dip case 26
It states and is equipped with valve IV 28 between the import of acid solution cleaning case 20 and valve Ⅺ 5.
The present invention has the following advantages relative to existing membrane distillation system：
(1) high efficiente callback to the vapor heat of transformation can be achieved in the application of heat pump, improves the heat energy utilization of membrane distillation process
Efficiency.
(2) raw water is heated using solar energy heat collection pipe, is reduced in conventional film distillation process due to the use of electrical heating
Power consumption caused by and can significantly improve the energy consumption level of the process.
(3) existing solar membrane distillation system is optimized, process entirety energy consumption and operating cost are reduced.
(4) level of integrated system is higher, can save the floor space of device.
(5) convenient that hollow-fibre membrane in membrane module is cleaned and replaced.
Description of the drawings
The present invention has following attached drawing：
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of heat pump-solar membrane distillation system；
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of novel air gap multiple-effect membrane component；
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of heat pump system；
Heavy solid line arrows in each figure represent the flow direction of liquid and steam.
In figure, 1, vacuum pump using circulatory water, 2, membrane component, 3, thermometer III, 4, valve Ⅹ, 5, valve Ⅺ, 6, valve
Ⅻ, 7, valve VII, 8, thermometer IV, 9, valve Ⅹ V, 10, raw water, 11, thermometer V, 12, solar vacuum heat-collecting pipe, 13,
Sunlight, 14, thermometer VI, 15, diaphragm pump IV, 16, heat exchange coil, 17, electrically heated rod, 18, water tank, 19, diaphragm pump III, 20,
Acid solution cleaning case, 21, cleaning water inlet, 22, valve I, 23, valve II, 24, valve III, 25, diaphragm pump I, 26, caustic dip
Case, 27, valve V, 28, valve IV, 29, valve Ⅹ IV, 30, valve VI, 31, raw water box, 32, valve Ⅸ, 33, air-heater,
34, valve VIII, 35, cartridge filter, 36, diaphragm pump II, 37, thermometer I, 38, expansion valve, 39, filter, 40, fluid reservoir,
41, condenser, 42, compressor, 43, evaporator, 44, spinner flowmeter, 45, thermometer II, 46, valve Ⅹ III, 47, air water point
From device, 48, production water collecting tank, 49, pyrogen material liquid outlet, 50, refrigerant outlet, 51, refrigerant inlet, 52, pyrogen feed liquid into
Mouthful, 53, production water/steam outlet.
Specific implementation mode
Below in conjunction with attached drawing, invention is further described in detail.
What Fig. 1 was presented is the schematic diagram of heat pump-solar membrane distillation system.In Fig. 1, the raw water 10 in water tank 18 is by too
Solar energy vacuum thermal-collecting tube 12 and heat exchanger 16 are heated.When in illumination insufficient cloudy day or night, by water tank 18
The electrically heated rod 17 of outfit carries out auxiliary heating to raw water.When water temperature reaches predetermined temperature, raw water by diaphragm pump III 19 into
Enter in raw water box 31.Raw water, by 44 coutroi velocity of diaphragm pump II 36 and spinner flowmeter, is ensured public security in raw water box 31 passing through
After filter 35 removes oil removal, pass through the tube side of the hollow-fibre membrane of membrane component 2 from bottom to top.Vapor penetrates film table
The micropore in face liquefies in the surface condensation of the lower evaporator of temperature 43 and releases heat.Raw water is inside hollow-fibre membrane
During flowing, temperature continuously decreases.Raw water flows out membrane component 2 and returns in raw water box 31 later.In evaporator 43
Filled with refrigerant, after the heat of transformation of refrigerant suction vapor release, vaporization, by the acting of compressor 42 become high pressure gas into
Enter condenser 41.Heat is discharged in condenser 41, becomes liquid, flows back to fluid reservoir 40 later.In next cycle period,
After refrigerant is by filter 39 and expansion valve 38, it is again introduced into the metal coil pipe of evaporator 43.Refrigerant is in condenser 41
The heat of release is used to heat the raw water in raw water box 31 and maintains raw water temperature.Condensed water is at the shell side bottom of membrane component 2
Portion produces water out 53 and flows out, and after entering moisture trap 47, the swabbing action through vacuum pump using circulatory water 1 is finally received in production water
It is collected in collection tank 48.Raw water water level in raw water box 31 carries out appropriate moisturizing to control by water tank 18.When system operation one
The section time opens corresponding valve when membrane component 2 needs cleaning, and the diaphragm pump being connect with cleaning case is opened so that clear
Washing lotion enters membrane component 2 after flowing through spinner flowmeter 44.After being cleaned to hollow-fibre membrane, cleaning solution flows back to cleaning
Case.After over cleaning, membrane component 2 needs dry to restore the hydrophobic performance of hollow-fibre membrane.The heat that air-heater 33 provides
Wind can carry out online dry to the hollow-fibre membrane in system pipeline and membrane component 2.
What Fig. 2 was presented is the schematic diagram of the novel air gap multiple-effect membrane component of the present invention, and in Fig. 2, membrane component 2 is total
There are 5 openings, i.e. pyrogen liquor inlet 52, pyrogen material liquid outlet 49, refrigerant inlet 51, refrigerant outlet 50 and production water/water
Vapor outlet port 53.
What Fig. 3 was presented is the schematic diagram of heat pump system, and in Fig. 3, heat pump system is by evaporator 43, compressor 42, condenser
41, fluid reservoir 40, filter 39 and expansion valve 38 form.Evaporator 43 and condenser 41 are hollow metal coil arrangement.
In the following, in conjunction with Fig. 1-3 and specific embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated.
Operating process：
(1) it checks, it is ensured that each component connection is correct and close, ne-leakage；By cleaning and the valve I 22 of drying pipeline, valve
Door II 23, valve III 24, valve IV 28, valve V 27, valve VIII 34, valve Ⅺ 5 and valve Ⅻ 6 are closed.
(2) valve Ⅹ V 9 at original water inlet is opened, after the raw water in water tank 18 is filled it up with, closes valve Ⅹ V 9.It is logical
Solar energy heat collector is crossed to heat the raw water in water tank 18.Used solar energy heat collector is glass metal structure
U-tube formula vacuum tube type solar energy heater, daylighting area 4m2, North and South direction installation, the inclination of solar energy heat collection pipe 12
Angle is 45 degree, is conducive to the irradiation for receiving sunlight 13.Thermometer V 11 and thermometer VI 14 are for monitoring the fluid entry/exit sun
The temperature of energy vacuum pipe heat-collecting pipe 12, thermometer IV 8 are used to monitor the raw water water temperature into raw water box 31.Wait for the heat in water tank 18
When coolant-temperature gage reaches required temperature (70 DEG C or more), diaphragm pump III 19 is opened, opens valve VII 7, closes valve VI 30 and valve
Ⅹ IV 29, the raw water in water tank 18 is evacuated in raw water box 31.When the water level in raw water box 31 rises to suitable position, close
Diaphragm pump III 19 and valve VII 7.When in the illumination insufficient cloudy day or when night, then the electrically heated rod by being equipped in water tank 18
17 pairs of raw waters carry out auxiliary heating to reach required temperature.
(3) valve Ⅸ 32, valve Ⅹ 4, valve Ⅹ III 46 are opened, diaphragm pump II 36 is opened, the raw water of raw water box 31 passes through
44 coutroi velocity of spinner flowmeter first passes through the suspended matter during cartridge filter 35 filters out water before entering membrane component 2,
The filter core aperture of cartridge filter 35 is 0.5 μm.Thermometer I 37 enters 2 hollow-fibre membrane of membrane component for monitoring raw water
Preceding temperature.Thermometer III 3 to monitor raw water outflow membrane component 2 after temperature.Metal coil pipe in membrane component 2
The cross section outer diameter of the condenser 41 of (evaporator 43 of heat pump system) and the heat pump system in raw water box 31 is 60mm, and the number of turns is
110.Membrane component 2 uses self-control polypropylene (PP) hollow fiber hydrophobic membrane, internal diameter 1.8mm, outer diameter 2.7mm, hole
Rate is 73.9%, and average pore size is 0.238 μm, and film surface contact angle is 148 °.Hollow-fibre membrane both ends are close using epoxy resin
Envelope, and the redundance at the film both ends after solidification is cut away, it is spare that film wire beam is made.The sheathing material of membrane component 2 is to have
Machine glass, length 450mm, internal diameter 70mm, thick 4mm.Film wire beam, metal coil pipe (evaporator 43 of heat pump system) and putamina
Membrane component 2 is made after assembled, the gross area of 2 inner membrance of membrane component is 0.25m2.To avoid heat loss, membrane distillation
Use thermal insulation material package outside component 2, water tank 18, heat pump system and all pipelines.After raw water flows out membrane component 2, most
Raw water box 31 is flowed back to eventually.After stable, start compressor 42.In vapor and membrane component 2 through hollow-fibre membrane
Evaporator 43 outer surface contact, discharge heat after be condensed into production water.The liquid refrigerant in evaporator 43 absorbs at this time
The heat of vapor becomes gaseous state.Gaseous refrigerant enters in compressor 42 becomes high steam after overcompression, enters later
It liquefies in condenser 41 and discharges heat, which can be used for maintaining the raw water temperature in raw water box 31.Condensed liquid system
Cryogen flows back to fluid reservoir 40, enters evaporator 43 after flowing once more through filter 39 and expansion valve 38, so far completes a cycle
Heat recovery cycle.System stable operation for a period of time after, ON cycle water vacuum pump 1.The production water formed after condensation is following
Initially enter moisture trap 47 under the swabbing action of ring water vacuum pump 1, after pass through produce water collecting tank 48 collect.Thermometer II 45
The temperature of water is produced for monitoring membrane distillation.After system produces water for a period of time, it is found that the liquid level in raw water box 31 declines and water temperature drops
When low, VII 7 pairs of raw water boxs 31 of Open valve carry out moisturizing.Start to precipitate crystal when finding that the raw water conductance in raw water box 31 is excessively high
When, valve VI 30 should be opened and valve Ⅹ IV 29 drains remaining raw water, and raw water is supplemented by water tank 18.
(4) membrane distillation system is closed.Close diaphragm pump III 19, diaphragm pump IV 15 and the valve VII in solar thermal collection system
7, simultaneously close off valve Ⅸ 32, valve Ⅹ 4 and diaphragm pump II 36.When membrane component 2 no longer produces water, heat pump system is closed
Compressor 42, and the vacuum pump using circulatory water 1 and valve Ⅹ III 46 of production water end (W.E.) are closed successively.
(5) cleaning of membrane component 2.The hydrochloric acid lotion that pH is 2 or so is prepared in acid solution cleaning case 20.Open valve
II 23, valve IV 28, valve Ⅹ 4 and valve Ⅺ 5, other valves remain turned-off.Diaphragm pump I 25 is opened, using acid solution to system
After rinsing 30 minutes, the acid solution in acid solution cleaning case 20 is drained.The hydrogen that pH is 11.5 or so is prepared in caustic dip case 26
Aoxidize soda lye.Valve III 24, valve V 27, valve Ⅹ 4 and valve Ⅺ 5, other valves are opened to remain turned-off.Open diaphragm pump
I 25, using the lye to system flush 30 minutes after, the lye in caustic dip case 26 is drained.Later open valve I 22,
Valve Ⅹ 4, valve Ⅺ 5 and valve Ⅻ 6, other valves remain turned-off.Diaphragm pump I 25 is opened, system is rushed using clear water
It washes, until the pH of eluate returns back to 7 or so.
(6) drying of membrane component 2.Valve 8, valve Ⅹ 4, valve Ⅺ 5 and valve Ⅻ 6 are opened, other valves are kept
It closes.Start air-heater 33, blast hot wind and system is dried, drying time is 15 minutes or so.
Embodiment one：
China's most area belongs to 3 classes and the above sunshine area of 3 classes (solar energy can utilize area), annual sunshine-duration
At 2000 hours or more.Therefore, the heat pump-solar membrane distillation system application prospect is more wide, is especially lacked in freshwater resources
The system may be used to prepare drinking water and domestic water in weary but abundant bitter area.In addition, using heat pump-sun
Can the industrial high-salt wastewater of membrane distillation system processing, production water can be used as recirculated water and industrial water, and it is concentrated after concentrated water can
Into evaporative crystallization unit, reach the processing requirement to high-salt wastewater near-zero release.
In 3 class sunshine area city of China, in the case of typical summer fair weather.Intensity of solar radiation from the morning 8 when
Rise and become larger, to 12 points to 14 points of noon between reach most strong, gradually die down later, average solar global irradiance is more than 900Wm2,
Day solar radiation total amount can reach 20MJm2·d-1.At this point, the mean daily discharge and momentary efficiency of vacuum tube collector are substantially
Respectively 45% and 70%.Outdoor environment temperature reaches highest between 29-35 DEG C, at noon.
Water temperature in water tank 18 changes with intensity of solar radiation and is changed, and noon can reach 80 DEG C or more.Use conductance
For 26000 μ s/cm NaCl salting liquids as raw water, controlling the raw water flow in raw water box by spinner flowmeter 44 is
200L·h-1, into evaporating area before material liquid temperature be 80 DEG C or so, daily continuous operation 8 hours, obtained maximum membrane flux
For 35L m-2·h-1, average flux is 28L m-2·h-1；Production water conductivity is maintained at 90~130 μ Scm-1Left and right, desalination
Rate is higher than 99.5%.
Points for attention：
(1) after distillation device runs a period of time, when production water conductivity is higher than 600 μ Scm-1When, it needs to steam film
Component 2 is evaporated to be cleaned.
(2) the water temperature variation in solar thermal collection system in water tank and the variation of intensity of solar radiation and asynchronous, but
There is one section of lag time.
(3) pay attention to keeping the temperature membrane component 2, pipeline and water tank 18 etc., reduce heat losses.
(4) filter core in filter is replaced at regular intervals.
Embodiment two：
In 3 class sunshine area city of China, under typical summer overcast sky.Intensity of solar radiation is very low, day sun spoke
Firing association's amount is less than 8MJm2·d-1.Outdoor environment temperature is between 30-34 DEG C.
Water temperature in water tank 18 changes with intensity of solar radiation and is changed, and temperature range is between 50-60 DEG C.It needs at this time
Auxiliary heating is carried out to raw water using electrically heated rod 17.Using the reverse osmosis concentrated water that conductance is 80000 μ s/cm as raw water, wait for
When raw water temperature rises to 80 DEG C, it is 250Lh to control the raw water flow in raw water box 31 by spinner flowmeter 44-1, into steaming
Material liquid temperature is between 70~80 DEG C before sending out area, daily continuous operation 12 hours, and obtained maximum membrane flux is 32L m-2·
h-1, average flux is 29.6L m-2·h-1；Production water conductivity is maintained at 120~190 μ Scm-1Left and right, salt rejection rate are higher than
99.7%.Using for heat pump makes the open frequency of electrically heated rod 17 reduce, and the theoretical energy-saving efficiency after being computed is
13.14%.
Points for attention：
(1) since raw water conductance is higher, (the conductance when raw water is concentrated into a certain degree>200000 μ s/cm), easily occur
Phenomena such as salting out crystallization and water yield decaying.
(2) when system is there are when larger thermal losses, loss is more, and the energy-saving effect that heat pump system can reach is got over
Good, such as when heat loss ratio is the 40% of system total amount of heat, energy-saving efficiency can be increased to 20.33%.
Embodiment three：
In 3 class sunshine area city of China, in the case of typical summer evenings.Outdoor environment temperature is between 26-29 DEG C.
Night needs completely to heat raw water using electrically heated rod 17.The use of conductance is the reverse osmosis of 80000 μ s/cm
Concentrated water is as raw water, and when raw water temperature rises to 80 DEG C, controlling the raw water flow in raw water box 31 by spinner flowmeter 44 is
250L·h-1, into evaporating area before material liquid temperature between 75~80 DEG C, continuous operation 10 hours, obtained maximum membrane flux
For 32L m-2·h-1, average flux is 30.1L m-2·h-1；Production water conductivity is maintained at 130~200 μ Scm-1Left and right,
Salt rejection rate is higher than 99.6%.Using for heat pump makes the open frequency of electrically heated rod 17 substantially reduce, the theoretical section after being computed
Energy efficiency is 22.57%.When system is there are when larger thermal losses, more, the energy-saving effect that heat pump system can reach is lost
Better, such as when heat loss ratio is the 40% of system total amount of heat, energy-saving efficiency can be increased to 41.79%.
The content not being described in detail in this specification belongs to the prior art well known to professional and technical personnel in the field.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of solar membrane distillation system of combination heat pump techniques, which is characterized in that including：Raw water box (31), acid solution cleaning
Case (20), caustic dip case (26), membrane component (2), production water collecting device, solar thermal collection system and heat pump system；
The membrane component (2) includes：Pyrogen liquor inlet (52), pyrogen material liquid outlet (49), refrigerant inlet (51), system
Cryogen exports (50) and production water/steam outlet (53)；
The heat pump system includes：Evaporator (43), compressor (42), condenser (41), fluid reservoir (40), filter (39) and
Expansion valve (38)；
The evaporator (43) is located in membrane component (2), and the upper end of evaporator (43) is refrigerant outlet (50), evaporator
(43) lower end is refrigerant inlet (51), and the condenser (41) is located in raw water box (31), the refrigerant outlet (50)
It is connected with the import of compressor (42), the outlet of compressor (42) is connected with the import of condenser (41), and condenser (41) go out
Mouth is connected with the import of fluid reservoir (40), and the outlet of fluid reservoir (40) is connected with one end of filter (39), filter (39)
The other end is connected by expansion valve (38) with refrigerant inlet (51)；
The pyrogen liquor inlet (52) respectively with cleaning water inlet (21), acid solution cleaning case (20) and caustic dip case (26)
Outlet at bottom, raw water box (31) bottom water outlet be connected with air-heater (33)；
The pyrogen material liquid outlet (49) respectively with the water inlet of raw water box (31), acid solution cleaning case (20) and caustic dip case
(26) import is connected, and the pyrogen material liquid outlet (49) is also connected with air；
Production water/the steam outlet (53) is connected with the import of production water collecting device；
The side lower outlet of the solar thermal collection system is connected with the water inlet of raw water box (31)；The solar energy heating system
The middle part water inlet of system is connected with the side upper water-out mouth and side lower outlet of raw water box (31).
2. combining the solar membrane distillation system of heat pump techniques as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the solar energy collection
Hot systems include：Solar vacuum heat-collecting pipe (12), heat exchange coil (16) and water tank (18)；
One end of the solar vacuum heat-collecting pipe (12) is connected by thermometer V (11) with the import of heat exchange coil (16), institute
It states the outlet of heat exchange coil (16) and passes through the another of diaphragm pump IV (15) and thermometer VI (14) and solar vacuum heat-collecting pipe (12)
One end is connected；The heat exchange coil (16) is located in water tank (18).
3. combining the solar membrane distillation system of heat pump techniques as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that the water tank (18)
It is interior equipped with electrically heated rod (17), valve Ⅹ V (9) is equipped at the original water inlet of water tank (18), is discharged under the side of water tank (18)
Mouth is connected by diaphragm pump III (19), thermometer IV (8) and valve VII (7) with the water inlet of raw water box (31)；Water tank (18)
Middle part water inlet is connected by valve VI (30) with the side lower outlet of raw water box (31), the middle part water inlet of water tank (18) with
The side upper water-out mouth of raw water box (31) is connected.
4. combining the solar membrane distillation system of heat pump techniques as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that the raw water box
(31) side upper water-out mouth is connect by valve Ⅹ IV (29) with air, and the side lower outlet of the raw water box (31) passes through
Valve VI (30) and valve Ⅹ IV (29) are connect with air.
5. combining the solar membrane distillation system of heat pump techniques as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that the solar energy is true
Empty set heat pipe (12) is put in 45 degree of angle swings.
6. combining the solar membrane distillation system of heat pump techniques as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the production water is collected
Device includes：Vacuum pump using circulatory water (1), moisture trap (47) and production water collecting tank (48)；The moisture trap (47)
Import by thermometer II (45) with production water/steam outlet (53) be connected, the upper end outlet of the moisture trap (47) and
The import of vacuum pump using circulatory water (1) is connected, and the lower end outlet of the moisture trap (47) passes through valve Ⅹ III (46) and production water
The import of collecting tank (48) is connected.
7. combining the solar membrane distillation system of heat pump techniques as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the pyrogen feed liquid
Spinner flowmeter (44) is equipped between import (52) and the bottom water outlet of raw water box (31) successively, thermometer I (37), was ensured public security
Filter (35), diaphragm pump II (36) and valve Ⅸ (32)；Valve is equipped between the pyrogen liquor inlet (52) and air-heater (33)
VIII (34) of door；The pyrogen liquor inlet (52) and cleaning water inlet (21), caustic dip case (26) and acid solution cleaning case (20)
Outlet at bottom between be equipped with diaphragm pump I (25).
8. combining the solar membrane distillation system of heat pump techniques as claimed in claim 7, which is characterized in that the ejected wash water enters
Valve I (22), outlet at bottom and the diaphragm pump I of the caustic dip case (26) are equipped between mouth (21) and diaphragm pump I (25)
(25) it is equipped with valve III (24) between, valve is equipped between the outlet at bottom and diaphragm pump I (25) of the acid solution cleaning case (20)
Ⅱ(23)。
9. combining the solar membrane distillation system of heat pump techniques as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the pyrogen feed liquid
It exports and is equipped with thermometer III (3) and valve Ⅹ (4) between (49) and the water inlet of raw water box (31) successively, the pyrogen feed liquid goes out
Thermometer III (3), valve Ⅹ (4) are equipped between mouth (49) and caustic dip case (26) and the import of acid solution cleaning case (20) successively
With valve Ⅺ (5), the pyrogen material liquid outlet (49) passes through thermometer III (3), valve Ⅹ (4), valve Ⅺ (5) and valve Ⅻ
(6) it is connected with air.
10. combining the solar membrane distillation system of heat pump techniques as claimed in claim 9, which is characterized in that the lye is clear
Valve V (27), import and the valve Ⅺ of the acid solution cleaning case (20) are equipped between the import and valve Ⅺ (5) of tank-washer (26)
(5) valve IV (28) is equipped between.
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