CN109175942A - Piston rod assembling apparatus - Google Patents
Piston rod assembling apparatus Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN109175942A CN109175942A CN201811358651.2A CN201811358651A CN109175942A CN 109175942 A CN109175942 A CN 109175942A CN 201811358651 A CN201811358651 A CN 201811358651A CN 109175942 A CN109175942 A CN 109175942A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- piston
- gear
- piston pin
- swing arm
- assembling apparatus
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P19/00—Machines for simply fitting together or separating metal parts or objects, or metal and non-metal parts, whether or not involving some deformation; Tools or devices therefor so far as not provided for in other classes
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Automatic Assembly (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to part of automobile engine to assemble field, disclose a kind of piston rod assembling apparatus, including piston pin erection device and the fixed mould of piston；Assembly has the piston of piston pin on the fixed mould of the piston；The piston pin erection device includes flexible rack gear, swing arm and transition gear, reset spring is set below the flexible rack gear, the piston pin compact heap matched with piston pin shape is provided at the top of the swing arm, swing arm end is provided with swing arm gear, flexible rack gear is connect by transition gear with swing arm gear drive, flexible rack gear vertical shift, which drives, swings arm gear rotation, and after swinging arm swing, piston pin compact heap is pressed on piston pin.The present apparatus can carry out piston and piston pin quickly, effectively, accurately to fix, and convenient for the release of piston pin below and the assembling process of connecting rod, have assembly rhythm quick and easy, the small advantage of labor intensity.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to part of automobile engine to assemble field, and in particular to a kind of piston rod assembling apparatus.
Background technique
At present in engine assembly field, it is that labor intensity is larger and compare that piston pin, which is assemblied in entire assembly line,
Relatively time consuming assembly website.Its assembling quality and speed directly affect the assembly beat of entire engine line, in order to realize
This work is rapidly completed, has had part of the manufacturer that this process is divided into two steps and has completed, and in supplier's piston feeding
Side piston pin steel wire collar is pressed and is completed, with the labor intensity and beat saved on assembly line.
Existing relatively common hand assembled technology is can only once to fill the assembly side of an assembly when assembling piston pin
Formula.It is operated first personnel first piston is placed on fixture and position, then put connecting rod in piston into a hand, another hand is held
Piston pin is inserted downwardly into piston while shaking connecting rod, once inserts piston pin completely when the pin hole of piston and connecting rod is coaxial
Enter, completes to attach together.What the prior art once can be only done a piston rod attaches together work, needs when for Multi-type production
Switch fixture.Disadvantage is mainly that pitch time is long, assembly is complicated, operator's large labor intensity.
Summary of the invention
According to defect of the existing technology, present invention aim to address during engine assembly, piston and connecting rod
Quickly wear piston pin problem when attaching together, realize the quick aligning of piston pin hole and connecting rod pin hole, and can multi items quickly cut
It changes.
To achieve the above object, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows piston rod assembling apparatus, including piston pin are helped
Equipment and the fixed mould of piston；Assembly has the piston of piston pin on the fixed mould of the piston；The piston pin righting dress
It sets including flexible rack gear, swing arm and transition gear, reset spring is arranged in the flexible rack gear lower section.It is set at the top of the swing arm
It is equipped with the piston pin compact heap matched with piston pin shape, swing arm end is provided with swing arm gear, and flexible rack gear passes through
Transition gear is connect with swing arm gear drive, and rack gear vertical shift of stretching, which drives, swings arm gear rotation, after swinging arm swing,
Piston pin compact heap is pressed on piston pin.
Further, the flexible rack gear is cylindric, and side is set as the rack gear matched with transition gear, cylindrical portion
Divide and is used as flexible guiding.
Further, the piston rod assembling apparatus, further includes mounting base and sliding panel；It is set on the mounting base
It is equipped with guiding axis and sliding bearing, the piston pin erection device and the fixed mould of piston are mounted on sliding panel, and sliding panel is logical
It crosses guiding axis and sliding bearing to be slidably connected with mounting base, the direction on mounting base along guiding axis is provided with distribution axis, pushes away
The piston pin of pin shaft alignment piston.
Further, it is provided with distribution bracing strut on the mounting base and guide shaft support, guiding axis one end are connected to
In guide shaft support, the other end is connected to the lower part for promoting bracing strut, and the distribution bracing strut top installation promotes axis, promotes axis
By promoting shaft jacket secured adjusted length, slide plate reset spring is arranged on the guiding axis, slide plate reset spring one end is logical
It crosses spring spacer to be fixed on distribution bracing strut, the other end is fixed on sliding panel bottom by spring spacer.
Further, the sliding panel bottom setting buffers lever, is provided on mounting base and matches with buffering lever,
To the caging bolt that the movement of sliding panel is limited, caging bolt is fixed on mounting base by bolt block, caging bolt
It is horizontally arranged on mounting base and adjustable along sliding panel direction of motion length.
Further, bogie wheel parallels is set on the mounting base, and the sliding panel bottom passes through bearing wheel seat setting
Aiding support wheel, aiding support wheel and bogie wheel parallels, which roll, to be connected.
Further, piston pin ejection direction is provided with piston pin limited block on the sliding panel.
Further, guide sleeve is arranged far from the side of swing arm in the flexible rack gear.
Further, spring retainer bracket is set at the reset spring below the flexible rack gear.
Further, the transition gear and swing arm gear are fixed by gear support and gear bush, transition gear
Dust cover is set with arm gear peripheral hardware is swung.
Further, the piston pin erection device and the fixed mould of piston are two groups, and the top of two flexible rack gears is logical
Handlebar connection is crossed, two swing arms are separately positioned on side of the flexible rack gear far from handlebar.
The invention has the benefit that the present apparatus can carry out piston and piston pin quickly, effectively, accurately to fix,
Convenient for the release of piston pin below and the assembling process of connecting rod, have assembly rhythm quick and easy, the small advantage of labor intensity.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is structure of the invention perspective view
Fig. 2 is structure of the invention cross-sectional view,
Fig. 3 is schematic diagram before piston compresses,
Fig. 4 is schematic diagram after piston compresses,
Fig. 5 is schematic diagram before connecting rod assembles,
Fig. 6 is schematic diagram after connecting rod assembly,
In figure: 1, piston pin, 2, piston, 3, flexible rack gear, 4, swing arm, 5, transition gear, 6, reset spring, 7, work
Plug pin compact heap, 8, swing arm gear, 9, mounting base, 10, sliding panel, 11, guiding axis, 12, sliding bearing, 13,
Promote axis, 14, distribution bracing strut, 15, guide shaft support, 16, distribution shaft jacket, 17, slide plate reset spring, 18, spring
Spacer, 19, buffering lever, 20, caging bolt, 21, bolt block, 22, bogie wheel parallels, 23, bearing wheel seat, 24, auxiliary
Help bogie wheel, 25, piston pin limited block, 26, guide sleeve, 27, spring retainer bracket, 28, gear support, 29, gear shaft
Set, 30, dust cover, 31, handlebar, 32, the fixed mould of piston, 33, connecting rod.
Specific embodiment
In order to be more clear technical solution of the present invention, with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description to skill of the invention
Art scheme is described further.
Piston rod assembling apparatus, including piston pin erection device and the fixed mould 32 of piston；The fixed mould of the piston
Assembly has the piston 2 of piston pin 1 on 32；The piston pin erection device includes flexible rack gear 3, swing arm 4 and transition gear
5, reset spring 6 is set below the flexible rack gear 3, the rack gear 3 that stretches be it is cylindric, side is rack gear, and column part, which is used as, to be stretched
Contracting guiding.The piston pin compact heap 7 matched with 1 shape of piston pin is provided at the top of the swing arm 4,4 end of swing arm is set
It is equipped with and swings arm gear 8, the rack gear 3 that stretches is sequentially connected by transition gear 5 and swing arm gear 8,3 vertical shift of rack gear of stretching
It drives and swings the rotation of arm gear 8, after swing arm 4 is swung, piston pin compact heap 7 is pressed on piston pin 1.The piston pin righting
Device and the fixed mould 32 of piston are two groups, and the top of two flexible rack gears 3 is connected by handlebar 31, and two swing arms 4 divide
Flexible side of the rack gear 3 far from handlebar 31 is not set.
Further, the piston rod assembling apparatus further includes mounting base 9 and sliding panel 10；The mounting base 9
On be provided with guiding axis 11 and sliding bearing 12, the piston pin erection device and the fixed mould 32 of piston are mounted on sliding panel 10
On, sliding panel 10 is slidably connected by guiding axis 11 and sliding bearing 12 with mounting base 9, along guiding axis 11 on mounting base 9
Direction be provided with promote axis 13, promote axis 13 be aligned piston piston pin 1.
Further, it is provided on the mounting base 8 and promotes bracing strut 14 and guide shaft support 15,11 one end of guiding axis
It is connected in guide shaft support 15, the other end is connected to the lower part for promoting bracing strut 14,14 top of the distribution bracing strut installation
Axis 13 is promoted, axis 13 is promoted by promoting 16 secured adjusted length of shaft jacket, slide plate is arranged on the guiding axis 11 and resets bullet
Spring 17,17 one end of slide plate reset spring are fixed on by spring spacer 18 and are promoted on bracing strut 14, and the other end passes through spring spacer
18 are fixed on 10 bottom of sliding panel.
Further, 10 bottom of the sliding panel setting buffers lever 19, is provided on mounting base 9 and buffering lever 19
It matches, to the caging bolt 20 that the movement of sliding panel 10 is limited, caging bolt 20 is fixed on installation by bolt block 21
On bottom plate 9, caging bolt 20 is horizontally arranged on mounting base 9 and adjustable along 10 direction of motion length of sliding panel.
Further, bogie wheel parallels 22 is set on the mounting base 10, and 10 bottom of sliding panel passes through bogie wheel
Aiding support wheel 24 is arranged in seat 23, and aiding support wheel 24 and bogie wheel parallels 22, which roll, to be connected.
Further, piston pin ejection direction is provided with piston pin limited block 25 on the sliding panel 10.
Further, guide sleeve 26 is arranged far from the side of swing arm in the flexible rack gear 3.
Further, spring retainer bracket 27 is set at the reset spring 6 of 3 lower section of flexible rack gear.
Further, the transition gear 5 and swing arm gear 8 are fixed by gear support 28 and gear bush 29, mistake
It crosses gear 5 and swings and dust cover 30 is set outside arm gear 8.
It is carried out when the present apparatus operates using manpower driving, operator only needs low-force amount that can operate.It is artificial to push
Handlebar 31, swing arm 4 are changed into impaction state, swing arm after release handle bar 31 by open configuration by rack pinion
4 automatically return to open configuration by reset spring 6 again.Manually backward push sliding panel be 10 by sliding bearing 12 in guiding axis
It slides and completes on 11, sliding panel 10 returns to original position by slide plate reset spring 17 again after loosing one's grip.Sliding panel 10 passes through limit afterwards in place
Position bolt 20 blocks buffering bar 19 and limits, and 20 length of caging bolt is adjustable.Piston pin 1 releases piston 2 by promoting axis 13, pushes away
Pin shaft 13, which is fixed on, to be promoted on bracing strut 14 and carries out length adjustment by promoting shaft jacket 16.It is good to promote 13 length adjustment of axis
Afterwards, it is clamped positioning by promoting shaft jacket 16, when promoting the change of 13 length of axis, unclamps and promote shaft jacket 16, readjust
Positioning is clamped after promoting shaft length.Piston pin 1 is compressed and is ajusted piston function by piston pin compact heap 7.Sliding panel 10
Lower section is arranged two groups of aiding support wheels 24 and rotates on bogie wheel parallels 22, and unbalance loading phenomenon occurs in sliding panel 10 in order to prevent.
The present apparatus specific steps are as follows:
Using the side of piston installation as front, the piston 2 of piston pin 1 and side snap ring first manually has been installed by circlip by two
Backward directions are placed on the fixed mould 32 of piston and position, and a hand presses rubber handle bar 31, and flexible rack gear 3 moves downward, and lead to
The transmission of transition gear 5 is crossed, drives and swings the rotation of arm gear 8, swing arm 4 is to swing arm gear 8 as axial sides rotation, piston pin
Compact heap 7 ajusts the clamping piston pin 1 simultaneously of piston 2.Driving handle bar 31 backward, sliding panel 10 is mobile to 13 direction of axis is promoted,
It promotes axis 13 and releases two piston pins 1 to 25 position of piston pin limited block simultaneously, sliding panel 10 is multiple by slide plate after unclamping hand
Position spring 17 automatically resets, while swing arm 4 is opened automatically by reset spring 6, manually takes a connecting rod 33 to put with a hand
In piston 2,2 plug living is held with another hand and pushes piston 1 to sell backward with thumb simultaneously, operating process Zhong Liangzhi Handball Association is same to grasp
Make, smoothly piston pin 1 is pushed into and completes to attach together in piston rod, manually takes component, the movement that repetition takes connecting rod later away
That completes another group of piston rod attaches together and takes away component, and repeat the other two sets of piston rods of the above movement completion attaches together work
Make, that has so far completed one group of piston rod of a four cylinder engine attaches together work.
The present apparatus requires cracking occasion primarily directed to engine line beat, and piston rod is attached together work and is divided into
Two steps are completed, and the first step manually only needs to put piston pin in piston into, and the completion of the second step present apparatus attaches together, and can be complete
It quickly saves and changes jobs at multi items.With behaviour's assembling speed, fast work is simple, reduces the advantages such as labor intensity.
Listed above is only highly preferred embodiment of the present invention.It is clear that the invention is not restricted to which above embodiments, can also have
Many deformations.All deformations that those skilled in the art directly can export or associate from present disclosure,
It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. piston rod assembling apparatus, it is characterised in that: including piston pin erection device and the fixed mould of piston；The piston is solid
Determine the piston that assembly on mould has piston pin；The piston pin erection device includes flexible rack gear, swing arm and transition gear,
Reset spring is set below the flexible rack gear, is provided with the piston pin pressure matched with piston pin shape at the top of the swing arm
Tight block, swing arm end are provided with swing arm gear, and flexible rack gear is connect by transition gear with swing arm gear drive, stretch
Rack gear vertical shift, which drives, swings arm gear rotation, and after swinging arm swing, piston pin compact heap is pressed on piston pin.
2. piston rod assembling apparatus according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: further include mounting base and sliding panel；
Guiding axis and sliding bearing are provided on the mounting base, the piston pin erection device and the fixed mould of piston are mounted on cunning
On movable plate, sliding panel is slidably connected by guiding axis and sliding bearing with mounting base, along the direction of guiding axis on mounting base
It is provided with distribution axis, promotes the piston pin of axis alignment piston.
3. piston rod assembling apparatus according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: be provided with distribution on the mounting base
Bracing strut and guide shaft support, guiding axis one end are connected in guide shaft support, and the other end is connected to the lower part for promoting bracing strut,
Axis is promoted in the distribution bracing strut top installation, is promoted axis by promoting shaft jacket secured adjusted length, is covered on the guiding axis
Equipped with slide plate reset spring, slide plate reset spring one end is fixed on by spring spacer and is promoted on bracing strut, and the other end passes through bullet
Spring spacer is fixed on sliding panel bottom.
4. piston rod assembling apparatus according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: the sliding panel bottom setting buffering shelves
Bar is provided on mounting base and matches with buffering lever, to the caging bolt that the movement of sliding panel is limited, caging bolt
It is fixed on mounting base by caging bolt seat, caging bolt is horizontally arranged on mounting base and along the sliding panel direction of motion
Length is adjustable.
5. piston rod assembling apparatus according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: bogie wheel is arranged on the mounting base
Aiding support wheel is arranged by bearing wheel seat in parallels, the sliding panel bottom, and aiding support wheel and bogie wheel parallels, which roll, to be connected.
6. piston rod assembling apparatus according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: ejected on the sliding panel along piston pin
Direction is provided with piston pin limited block.
7. piston rod assembling apparatus according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the flexible rack gear is far from swing arm
Guide sleeve is arranged in side.
8. piston rod assembling apparatus according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the reset bullet below the flexible rack gear
Spring retainer bracket is set at spring.
9. piston rod assembling apparatus according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the transition gear and swing arm gear
It is fixed by gear support and gear bush, transition gear and swing arm gear peripheral hardware set dust cover.
10. piston rod assembling apparatus described in any one of -9 according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the piston pin
Erection device and the fixed mould of piston are two groups, and the top of two flexible rack gears is connected by handlebar, two swing arm difference
Flexible side of the rack gear far from handlebar is set.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811358651.2A CN109175942B (en) | 2018-11-15 | 2018-11-15 | Piston connecting rod assembling device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811358651.2A CN109175942B (en) | 2018-11-15 | 2018-11-15 | Piston connecting rod assembling device |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN109175942A true CN109175942A (en) | 2019-01-11 |
| CN109175942B CN109175942B (en) | 2023-06-06 |
Family
ID=64939408
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811358651.2A Active CN109175942B (en) | 2018-11-15 | 2018-11-15 | Piston connecting rod assembling device |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN109175942B (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110125054A (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2019-08-16 | 国网山东省电力公司临沂供电公司 | Distribution line insulator burnisher |
| CN110916983A (en) * | 2020-01-17 | 2020-03-27 | 河南省中医院（河南中医药大学第二附属医院） | Portable neuromuscular rehabilitation treatment device |
Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001277053A (en) * | 2000-03-31 | 2001-10-09 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | Jig for assembling piston and connecting rod |
| CN102198585A (en) * | 2010-03-25 | 2011-09-28 | 广西玉柴机器股份有限公司 | Assembly device and method for diesel engine piston pin |
| CN106624733A (en) * | 2016-11-23 | 2017-05-10 | 安徽江淮汽车集团股份有限公司 | Press-fitting device for piston pin |
| CN107695659A (en) * | 2017-10-31 | 2018-02-16 | 仪征全新活塞环有限公司 | Piston pin assembly machine |
| CN107775314A (en) * | 2017-10-31 | 2018-03-09 | 仪征全新活塞环有限公司 | Piston pin assembly machine fitting pin machine structure |
| CN207606489U (en) * | 2017-12-23 | 2018-07-13 | 浙江麦迪制冷科技股份有限公司 | Piston rod high efficiency assembling mechanism |
| CN207757189U (en) * | 2017-12-12 | 2018-08-24 | 沈阳航天三菱汽车发动机制造有限公司 | A kind of piston pin jack unit |
| CN209006986U (en) * | 2018-11-15 | 2019-06-21 | 大连德欣新技术工程有限公司 | A kind of piston rod assembling apparatus |
-
2018
- 2018-11-15 CN CN201811358651.2A patent/CN109175942B/en active Active
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001277053A (en) * | 2000-03-31 | 2001-10-09 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | Jig for assembling piston and connecting rod |
| CN102198585A (en) * | 2010-03-25 | 2011-09-28 | 广西玉柴机器股份有限公司 | Assembly device and method for diesel engine piston pin |
| CN106624733A (en) * | 2016-11-23 | 2017-05-10 | 安徽江淮汽车集团股份有限公司 | Press-fitting device for piston pin |
| CN107695659A (en) * | 2017-10-31 | 2018-02-16 | 仪征全新活塞环有限公司 | Piston pin assembly machine |
| CN107775314A (en) * | 2017-10-31 | 2018-03-09 | 仪征全新活塞环有限公司 | Piston pin assembly machine fitting pin machine structure |
| CN207757189U (en) * | 2017-12-12 | 2018-08-24 | 沈阳航天三菱汽车发动机制造有限公司 | A kind of piston pin jack unit |
| CN207606489U (en) * | 2017-12-23 | 2018-07-13 | 浙江麦迪制冷科技股份有限公司 | Piston rod high efficiency assembling mechanism |
| CN209006986U (en) * | 2018-11-15 | 2019-06-21 | 大连德欣新技术工程有限公司 | A kind of piston rod assembling apparatus |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110125054A (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2019-08-16 | 国网山东省电力公司临沂供电公司 | Distribution line insulator burnisher |
| CN110916983A (en) * | 2020-01-17 | 2020-03-27 | 河南省中医院（河南中医药大学第二附属医院） | Portable neuromuscular rehabilitation treatment device |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN109175942B (en) | 2023-06-06 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN104070635B (en) | The autocontrol method of strips injection moulding and robot transportation system | |
| CN109175942A (en) | Piston rod assembling apparatus | |
| CN103143924B (en) | Automatic assembling machine for carbon brush frame torsional spring | |
| CN106141622A (en) | A kind of vertical bearing pressing machine | |
| CN106363079A (en) | Shaping and punching device and method for shaping and punching oil storage cylinder steering knuckle bracket | |
| CN209006986U (en) | A kind of piston rod assembling apparatus | |
| CN207071762U (en) | A kind of welding bench for auto parts machinery | |
| CN104493595B (en) | Crank keyseat working fixture | |
| CN117381382A (en) | Bush bidirectional crimping equipment and method | |
| CN209050384U (en) | A kind of automobile steering system assembly lower case mandrel general assembly equipment | |
| CN208467650U (en) | A kind of repair welding tooling | |
| CN109822502A (en) | The automation rotated riveting device of vehicle dormer window machinery group and the rotation rivetting method for applying it | |
| CN205393987U (en) | Automatic top tube machine of tightly showing of hand fire extinguisher carrying handle | |
| CN206296854U (en) | Damping spring auxiliary assembling apparatus | |
| CN111716090B (en) | Washing machine barrel hoop press-fitting equipment | |
| CN113787338A (en) | Assembling device and assembling method for motor rotor and transmission | |
| CN211332982U (en) | Automobile half-shaft nut shoulder limiting point pressing device | |
| CN111015171B (en) | Automatic shaft sleeve and ball core mounting equipment of universal bearing | |
| CN214489503U (en) | Automatic upset stand assembly machine | |
| CN211565031U (en) | Automatic press fitting equipment | |
| CN109128915B (en) | Boring tooling for piston connecting rod of air compressor | |
| CN206613954U (en) | A kind of automatic mechanical hand equipment for being integrated in bender | |
| CN105964770B (en) | A kind of hole-punching method of smoke pipe circumferential apertures | |
| CN220592053U (en) | Car body top cover welding positioning device | |
| CN220592169U (en) | Device convenient for disassembling and assembling roller |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |