CN109175776B - 一种结构钢焊接用低成本碱性药芯焊丝 - Google Patents
一种结构钢焊接用低成本碱性药芯焊丝 Download PDFInfo
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- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
- B23K35/3053—Fe as the principal constituent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/36—Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
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- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
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Abstract
本发明属于焊接材料技术领域,特别涉及一种结构钢焊接用低成本碱性药芯焊丝,由H08钢带包覆药芯粉制成,所述药芯成分及用量按质量百分比计为:钢渣42%~50%,FMnZh41富锰渣12%~18%,FZ3钒渣10%~15%,TZ80钛渣10%~15%,FMW8雾化镁粉0.5%~1.2%,FLPN20.0氮气雾化铝粉0.5%~1.5%,200目纤维素粉末1.0%~3.0%,80目纤维素粉末1.0%~3.0%,余量为FHT100·25还原铁粉,药芯质量占药芯焊丝总质量的25%~40%,焊丝直径为1.2~2.4mm。本发明利用了工业废渣,优化了各组分合理范围,得到的焊丝焊接工艺性好,符合结构钢焊接要求,生产成本低廉。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及焊接材料领域,更具体的说,是涉及一种结构钢焊接用低成本碱性药芯焊丝。
技术背景
结构钢是指符合特定强度和可成形性等级的钢,结构钢一般用于承载等用途,在这些用途中钢的强度是一个重要设计标准。由于其强度上的原因,焊接时对焊丝的要求比较高,随着科学技术的发展和工业生产的进步,药芯焊丝在结构钢焊接方面应用越来越广。目前国内药芯焊丝品种主要分为酸性药芯焊丝和碱性药性焊丝。和酸性药芯焊丝相比,碱性焊接材料具有低氢、高韧性、高抗裂性和力学性能优异等优点,重要结构的焊接一般首选碱性焊丝。
现有的结构钢焊接用碱性药芯焊丝用药芯粉都是由矿物粉和合金粉组成,由于组分上存在的问题,其中的矿物粉要加入大理石,氧化镁等碱性物质。这时熔滴呈粗颗粒过渡,施焊过程中飞溅大;当氧化镁加入过多会使焊缝变窄且成型不良,并且由于渣的流动性太大,而不易实现全位置焊接。实际生产中为了保证焊接质量,通常会减少大理石加入量,但这样将同时降低渣的碱性,使焊缝抗裂性较差。
钢渣是一种工业固体废物。炼钢排出的渣,依炉型分为转炉渣、平炉渣、电炉渣,排出量约为粗钢产量的15%~20%。钢渣的熔点相对纯大理石、氧化镁等氧化物的熔点更低。
中国专利CN103358049B公开了一种以高钛渣为药粉主要原料制备的药芯焊丝,成本低,但仍属于酸性药芯范畴,不能满足结构钢焊接的实际需要。
中国专利CN104889608B公开了一种结构钢焊接用碱性药芯焊丝,采用钢厂钢渣替代常规药芯矿物粉中的大理石和氧化镁,与传统碱性药芯焊丝相比,所述药芯焊丝具有飞溅小、烟尘少、焊缝成型好、易于脱渣、抗裂性强等特点,但药粉中仍加入了铌铁、钼铁、镍粉和电解锰,生产成本并未降低多少。
发明内容
本发明的目的就是为了解决现有技术之不足而提供的一种结构钢焊接用低成本碱性药芯焊丝,可以在降低生产成本的同时有效解决结构钢焊接对碱性药芯焊丝的要求等问题。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:一种结构钢焊接用低成本碱性药芯焊丝,由钢带包覆药芯粉制成,所述药芯成分及用量按质量百分比计为:钢渣42%~50%,FMnZh41富锰渣12%~18%,FZ3钒渣10%~15%,TZ80钛渣10%~15%,FMW8雾化镁粉0.5%~1.2%,FLPN20.0氮气雾化铝粉0.5%~1.5%,200目纤维素粉末1.0%~3.0%,80目纤维素粉末1.0%~3.0%,余量为FHT100·25还原铁粉。
优选的,所述药芯质量占药芯焊丝总质量(即填充率)的25%~40%。
所述焊丝直径为1.2~2.4mm。
所述钢带为宽度6~16mm,厚度0.25~1.6mm的H08钢带
选用宽度为6~16mm,厚度为0.25~1.6mm的H08钢带,通过成型机压制成U型,再将混好的药芯粉填充到U型槽中,药芯粉质量占药芯焊丝质量的20%~35%;再将U型槽开口处合口形成O型,从而使药芯包裹其中,经拉丝机逐道拉拔、减径,得到直径1.2~2.4mm的焊丝。
本发明所用药芯中各原料作用原理如下:
钢渣:主要由钙、铁、硅、镁和少量铝、锰等化合物组成,其熔点相对较低,焊丝工艺性能良好。
富锰渣:充分脱氧、脱硫,锰是增加焊缝金属强韧性的有益元素,锰元素有利于防止焊缝金属出现热裂纹。
钒渣:细化晶粒,增大韧性,可提高熔敷金属的高温持久强度和蠕变抗力。
钛渣:在雾化镁粉和氮气雾化铝粉的强力还原下,钛可以与氧形成钛的氧化物,与碳形成碳化钛,可作为晶内二次焊缝组织的形核质点,细化晶粒。
纤维素:在药芯中添加200目纤维素和60目纤维素,在熔滴高温阶段及熔池阶段能够进行有效的脱氧造气,从而保证在整个焊丝受热、熔化、形成熔滴、熔滴过渡、形成熔池并开始凝固的焊接冶金全程均具备良好的自保护效果,从而实现了在没有添加任何矿物粉造渣剂的情况下,仍然能够具备良好的焊接工艺性能并保证焊接金属表面成形良好。
雾化镁粉和氮气雾化铝粉:比铝镁合金的活性大得多,可以对钢渣、富锰渣、钒渣、钛渣有极强的脱氧、脱硫、脱磷作用,还可与其中化合物发生反应,起到还原作用,有效净化熔敷金属的化学成分,提高焊缝综合力学性能,铝还具有降低熔敷金属缺口敏感性的作用。
本发明的有益效果是:通过几种工业废渣的合理配比组合,辅以纤维素、铝粉和镁粉,增大熔渣的碱度并提高了熔敷金属的力学性能,极大地改善了焊接工艺性能,降低了生产成本,实现废物利用,有巨大的经济和社会效益。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明的原理和特征进行描述,所列举实例只用于解释本发明,并非限定本发明的范围。
实施例1:
结构钢焊接用低成本碱性药芯焊丝,该药芯焊丝是由H08钢带包裹药芯粉构成。
首先选用宽度为10mm、厚度为0.3mm的H08钢带,通过成型机压制成U型;然后将药芯粉填充到U型槽中,药芯粉占药芯焊丝质量的25%;再将U型槽开口处合口形成O型,从而使药芯粉包裹其中,按照常规方法经拉丝机逐道拉拔、减径,得到Ф1.2mm的焊丝,即本发明的结构钢焊接用低成本碱性药芯焊丝。
所述药芯成分及用量按质量百分比计为:钢渣42%,FMnZh41富锰渣12%,FZ3钒渣10%,TZ80钛渣10%,FMW8雾化镁粉0.5%,FLPN20.0氮气雾化铝粉0.5%,200目纤维素粉末1%,80目纤维素粉末1.0%,余量为FHT100·25还原铁粉。
实施例2:
结构钢焊接用低成本碱性药芯焊丝,该药芯焊丝是由H08钢带包裹药芯粉构成。
首先选用宽度为12mm、厚度为0.5mm的H08钢带,通过成型机压制成U型;然后将药芯粉填充到U型槽中,药芯粉占药芯焊丝质量的30%;再将U型槽开口处合口形成O型,从而使药芯粉包裹其中,按照常规方法经拉丝机逐道拉拔、减径,得到Ф1.6mm的焊丝,即本发明的结构钢焊接用低成本碱性药芯焊丝。
所述药芯成分及用量按质量百分比计为:钢渣44%,FMnZh41富锰渣14%,FZ3钒渣12%,TZ80钛渣12%,FMW8雾化镁粉0.8%,FLPN20.0氮气雾化铝粉0.8%,200目纤维素粉末1.5%,80目纤维素粉末1.5%,余量为FHT100·25还原铁粉。
实施例3:
结构钢焊接用低成本碱性药芯焊丝,该药芯焊丝是由H08钢带包裹药芯粉构成。
首先选用宽度为14mm、厚度为0.8mm的H08钢带,通过成型机压制成U型;然后将药芯粉填充到U型槽中,药芯粉占药芯焊丝质量的35%;再将U型槽开口处合口形成O型,从而使药芯粉包裹其中,按照常规方法经拉丝机逐道拉拔、减径,得到Ф2.0mm的焊丝,即本发明的结构钢焊接用低成本碱性药芯焊丝。
所述药芯成分及用量按质量百分比计为:钢渣46%,FMnZh41富锰渣15%,FZ3钒渣13%,TZ80钛渣13%,FMW8雾化镁粉1.0%,FLPN20.0氮气雾化铝粉1.0%,200目纤维素粉末2.0%,80目纤维素粉末2.0%,余量为FHT100·25还原铁粉。
实施例4:
结构钢焊接用低成本碱性药芯焊丝,该药芯焊丝是由H08钢带包裹药芯粉构成。
首先选用宽度为16mm、厚度为0.8mm的H08钢带,通过成型机压制成U型;然后将药芯粉填充到U型槽中,药芯粉占药芯焊丝质量的40%;再将U型槽开口处合口形成O型,从而使药芯粉包裹其中,按照常规方法经拉丝机逐道拉拔、减径,得到Ф2.4mm的焊丝,即本发明的结构钢焊接用低成本碱性药芯焊丝。
所述药芯成分及用量按质量百分比计为:钢渣48%,FMnZh41富锰渣16%,FZ3钒渣14%,TZ80钛渣14%,FMW8雾化镁粉1.2%,FLPN20.0氮气雾化铝粉1.2%,200目纤维素粉末2.5%,80目纤维素粉末2.5%,余量为FHT100·25还原铁粉。
实施例5:
结构钢焊接用低成本碱性药芯焊丝,该药芯焊丝是由H08钢带包裹药芯粉构成。
首先选用宽度为16mm、厚度为1.2mm的H08钢带,通过成型机压制成U型;然后将药芯粉填充到U型槽中,药芯粉占药芯焊丝质量的38%;再将U型槽开口处合口形成O型,从而使药芯粉包裹其中,按照常规方法经拉丝机逐道拉拔、减径,得到Ф2.0mm的焊丝,即本发明的结构钢焊接用低成本碱性药芯焊丝。
所述药芯成分及用量按质量百分比计为:钢渣50%,FMnZh41富锰渣18%,FZ3钒渣15%,TZ80钛渣15%,FMW8雾化镁粉1.2%,FLPN20.0氮气雾化铝粉1.5%,200目纤维素粉末3.0%,80目纤维素粉末3.0%,余量为FHT100·25还原铁粉。
将实施例1、2、3、4、5得到的焊丝在屈服强度550MPa级的结构钢上试焊,焊接电流为180~240A,焊接电压为22~28V,焊接速度为4~8mm/s。结果表明:电弧稳定,焊缝成形良好,脱渣性好,焊接飞溅少,熔敷金属力学性能满足结构钢焊接要求,如表1所示。
需要指出的是,本发明的创新核心在于给出了药芯的组成物成分及用量,特别是利用了工业废渣及纤维素的结合,优化了各组分合理范围,得到了焊接工艺性好、熔敷金属力学性能符合结构钢焊接要求、成本低廉的药芯焊丝,是整体添加组分及用量综合作用的结果,并非某一种组分的特别作用。
以上述依据本发明的理想实施例为启示,通过上述的说明内容,相关工作人员完全可以在不偏离本项发明技术思想的范围内,进行多样的变更以及修改。本项发明的技术性范围并不局限于说明书上的内容,必须要根据权利要求范围来确定其技术性范围。凡根据本发明精神实质所作的等效变化或修饰,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (3)
1.一种结构钢焊接用低成本碱性药芯焊丝,由钢带包覆药芯粉制成,其特征在于,所述药芯粉成分及用量按质量百分比计为:钢渣42%~50%,FMnZh41富锰渣12%~18%,FZ3钒渣10%~15%,TZ80钛渣10%~15%,FMW8雾化镁粉0.5%~1.2%,FLPN20.0氮气雾化铝粉0.5%~1.5%,200目纤维素粉末3.0%,80目纤维素粉末1.0%~3.0%,余量为FHT100·25还原铁粉,所述药芯质量占药芯焊丝总质量的25%~40%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的结构钢焊接用低成本碱性药芯焊丝,其特征在于,所述钢带为宽度6~20mm、厚度为0.25~1.6mm的H08钢带。
3.根据权利要求1所述的结构钢焊接用低成本碱性药芯焊丝,其特征在于,所述焊丝直径为1.2~2.4mm。
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