CN109169453A - 一种中草药龙虾喂养的方法 - Google Patents
一种中草药龙虾喂养的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开一种中草药龙虾喂养的方法,属于水产养殖技术领域,包括下述步骤:塘口整理;投放苗种:稚虾体长大于1厘米,虾种体长为2.5~3.5厘米;放苗三天后外用防治龙虾细菌性病害的中药组合物进行消毒,防治龙虾细菌性病害的发生;饲料:在饲料组合中全价饲料要占总投饲料80%以上,在饲料中添加水产用中药组合物、蜕壳素、蛋壳粉和杜仲叶粉;饲喂时添加内服防治龙虾细菌性病害的中药组合物,防治龙虾细菌性病害的发生;日常管理:坚持巡塘检查、注意水质变化、搞好防逃、加强蜕壳虾的管理、严防龙虾打洞。采用本发明喂养方法在水产动物病害防治上不仅对多种病原体有显著的杀灭作用,而且有异病同治的特殊疗效。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及水产养殖技术领域,特别涉及一种中草药龙虾喂养的方法。
背景技术
小龙虾(学名:Procambarus clarkii):也称克氏原螯虾、红螯虾和淡水小龙虾。是淡水经济虾类,因肉味鲜美广受人们欢迎。因其杂食性、生长速度快、适应能力强而在当地生态环境中形成绝对的竞争优势。其摄食范围包括水草、藻类、水生昆虫、动物尸体等,食物匮缺时亦自相残杀。小龙虾近年来在中国已经成为重要经济养殖品种。
小龙虾的生长周期相对较短,一只小龙虾从产子、孵化到成熟上市,大概仅需半年。然而,小龙虾的两大缺点成为龙虾产业进一步发展的障碍:一是出肉率低;二是龙虾生活于水底污泥上,食性又杂,常以动植物尸体为食,所以体表及消化道中污物及细菌病毒较多。
为了提高养殖效益,必须加强饲养管理环节,防治各种疾病的发生,在实际的养殖过程中,疾病的防治常采用化学药物类,导致小龙虾体内有药物残留,从而降低了龙虾的食用价值,为了保证龙虾的品质,要避免使用化学类药物,合理的途径是通过改善饲料配方,注重营养结构,用无药物残留的中草药代替化学类添加剂。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种中草药龙虾喂养的方法,解决由于采用化学类药物防治龙虾疾病而导致的龙虾体内有药物残留的问题。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明的技术方案为:一种中草药龙虾喂养的方法,包括下述步骤:
(1)塘口整理:选择面积为10~20亩的塘口,池深1.5米、蓄水0.6~1.0米,池埂顶宽度要1.5米以上,内坡坡比为1:3;足量的缓斜边坡有利于小龙虾掘穴打洞,营造栖息、蜕壳的隐蔽场所;塘口整理好后用生石灰进行全池消毒,用茶籽饼进行清塘处理,清塘是利用石灰及茶皂素杀灭池中虾,蟹的病原体,寄生虫和各种食肉凶猛鱼,野杂鱼及其他敌害生物,避免因病害影响养殖品种正常生长发育提高养殖效益,毒药性过后用有机酸及果酸产品进行解毒处理,解毒后按4*6株行距进行水草种植,放苗前一礼拜进行人工肥水;
(2)投放苗种:稚虾体长大于1厘米,虾种体长为2.5~3.5厘米,同池的虾苗规格一致,一次放足、附肢齐全、体色鲜亮、无病无伤、行动敏捷、爬动有力,选苗最好是人工育苗,若是野生苗,应经过一段时间驯养,降低其好斗性再投放,较少互残,提高成活率;放苗三天后外用防治龙虾细菌性病害的中药组合物进行消毒,防治龙虾细菌性病害的发生;
(3)饲料:虾为杂食性,在饲料组合中,要注意荤素搭配,在饲料组合中全价饲料要占总投饲料80%以上,在饲料中添加水产用中药组合物、蜕壳素、蛋壳粉和杜仲叶粉;饲喂时添加内服防治龙虾细菌性病害的中药组合物,防治龙虾细菌性病害的发生;
(4)日常管理:坚持巡塘检查、注意水质变化、搞好防逃、加强蜕壳虾的管理、严防龙虾打洞。
其中,优选地,所述步骤(1)中的清塘计量:通常水深1米,每667平方米用茶籽饼50千克,使用前先用水浸泡24小时后加水全池泼洒。
其中,优选地,选择EDTA解重金属的毒性,选择硫代硫酸钠解消毒剂的毒性,选择有机酸或VC解氨氮亚硝酸盐的毒。
其中,优选地,外用防治龙虾细菌性病害的中药组合物由黄连、五味子、黄芩和黄柏组成,药干重按水体积计算,黄连和五味子各5-10毫克/升,黄芩和黄柏各3-5毫克/升。
其中,优选地,所述外用防治龙虾细菌性病害中药组合物用法为隔日一次,重复用药2~3次。
其中,优选地,所述水产用中药组合物按照重量份数计算,包括以下原料:茵陈2~4份、黄芪2~4份、栀子2~4份、连翘2~4份、金银花4~6份、黄连4~6份、蒲公英6~8份、麻黄4~6份、金樱子4~6份、贯众4~6份、槟榔4~6份、鱼腥草4~6份、柴胡7~9份、黄芩8~12份、板蓝根8~10份及白英9~13份。
其中,优选地,所述水产用中药组合物的加入量为动物体重每千克加入2~3克。
其中,优选地,所述蜕壳素、所述蛋壳粉和所述杜仲叶粉每周加一次,每次每千克饲料的加入量分别为1克、1克和5克。
其中,优选地,所述内服防治龙虾细菌性病害的中药组合物由铁苋菜、地锦草、马齿苋、凤尾草和辣蓼组成,每千克饲料每天用量分别为铁苋菜3~5克、地锦草3~5克、马齿苋1~2克、凤尾草1~2克、辣蓼1~2克。
本发明的有益效果:
本发明提供了一种在日常饲料投喂中添加单一中草药及多种中草药组合物的中草药龙虾喂养方法。利用中草药在养殖过程中试验结果表明,中草药不仅具有促进生长和预防疾病,还可有效提高饲料的利用率。特别在龙虾喂养实验中,它们平均可节省饵料10%~15%。长期在饲料中添加中草药,基本上杜绝了龙虾的肠炎病、烂鳃病和肝脏病害的发生,有明显抑制白斑病的发病率,大大提高龙虾养殖成功率。实践证明,中草药在水产动物病害防治上不仅对多种病原体有显著的杀灭作用,而且有异病同治的特殊疗效。
综上所述,开发和利用中草药药品不仅解决了抗生素及其替代品不能解决的药物残留问题,而且能显著提高我国渔业生产水平及产品质量,使我国水产品顺利进入国际市场,参与国际竞争。因此,中草药在渔业生产中的应用具有广阔的发展前景。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明具体实施例,对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
本实施例提供一种中草药龙虾喂养的方法,包括下述步骤:
(1)塘口整理:选择面积为10亩的塘口,池深1.5米、蓄水1.0米,池埂顶宽度为1.8米,内坡坡比为1:3;塘口整理好后用生石灰进行全池消毒,用茶籽饼进行清塘处理,清塘计量:通常水深1米,每667平方米用茶籽饼50千克,使用前先用水浸泡24小时后加水全池泼洒,毒药性过后用选择EDTA解重金属的毒性,选择硫代硫酸钠解消毒剂的毒性,选择有机酸或VC解氨氮亚硝酸盐的毒,解毒后进行水草种植;
(2)投放苗种:稚虾体长大于1厘米,虾种体长为2.5厘米,同池的虾苗规格一致;放苗三天后外用防治龙虾细菌性病害的中药组合物进行消毒,防治龙虾细菌性病害的发生;外用防治龙虾细菌性病害的中药组合物由黄连、五味子、黄芩和黄柏组成,药干重按水体积计算,黄连和五味子各10毫克/升,黄芩和黄柏各3毫克/升,用法为隔日一次,重复用药3次;
(3)饲料:在饲料组合中全价饲料要占总投饲料85%,在饲料中添加水产用中药组合物、蜕壳素、蛋壳粉和杜仲叶粉;饲喂时添加内服防治龙虾细菌性病害的中药组合物,防治龙虾细菌性病害的发生;
其中,水产用中药组合物按照重量份数计算,包括以下原料:茵陈2份、黄芪4份、栀子2份、连翘4份、金银花4份、黄连6份、蒲公英6份、麻黄6份、金樱子4份、贯众6份、槟榔4份、鱼腥草6份、柴胡7份、黄芩12份、板蓝根8份及白英13份;水产用中药组合物的用法为每天加入,加入量为动物体重每千克加入3克;所述蜕壳素、所述蛋壳粉和所述杜仲叶粉每周加一次,每次每千克饲料的加入量分别为1克、1克和5克;所述内服防治龙虾细菌性病害的中药组合物由铁苋菜、地锦草、马齿苋、凤尾草和辣蓼组成,每千克饲料每天用量分别为铁苋菜3克、地锦草5克、马齿苋1克、凤尾草2克、辣蓼1克
(4)日常管理:坚持巡塘检查、注意水质变化、搞好防逃、加强蜕壳虾的管理、严防龙虾打洞。
实施例2
本实施例提供一种中草药龙虾喂养的方法,包括下述步骤:
(1)塘口整理:选择面积为15亩的塘口,池深1.5米、蓄水深0.8米,池埂顶宽度为1.5米,内坡坡比为1:3;塘口整理好后用生石灰进行全池消毒,用茶籽饼进行清塘处理,清塘计量:通常水深1米,每667平方米用茶籽饼50千克,使用前先用水浸泡24小时后加水全池泼洒,毒药性过后用选择EDTA解重金属的毒性,选择硫代硫酸钠解消毒剂的毒性,选择有机酸或VC解氨氮亚硝酸盐的毒,解毒后进行水草种植;
(2)投放苗种:稚虾体长大于1厘米,虾种体长为3.0厘米,同池的虾苗规格一致;放苗三天后外用防治龙虾细菌性病害的中药组合物进行消毒,防治龙虾细菌性病害的发生;外用防治龙虾细菌性病害的中药组合物由黄连、五味子、黄芩和黄柏组成,药干重按水体积计算,黄连和五味子各8毫克/升,黄芩和黄柏各4毫克/升,用法为隔日一次,重复用药2次;
(3)饲料:在饲料组合中全价饲料要占总投饲料80%,在饲料中添加水产用中药组合物、蜕壳素、蛋壳粉和杜仲叶粉;饲喂时添加内服防治龙虾细菌性病害的中药组合物,防治龙虾细菌性病害的发生;
其中,水产用中药组合物按照重量份数计算,包括以下原料:茵陈3份、黄芪3份、栀子3份、连翘3份、金银花5份、黄连5份、蒲公英7份、麻黄5份、金樱子5份、贯众5份、槟榔5份、鱼腥草5份、柴胡8份、黄芩10份、板蓝根9份及白英11份;水产用中药组合物的用法为每天加入,加入量为动物体重每千克加入2.5克;所述蜕壳素、所述蛋壳粉和所述杜仲叶粉每周加一次,每次每千克饲料的加入量分别为1克、1克和5克;所述内服防治龙虾细菌性病害的中药组合物由铁苋菜、地锦草、马齿苋、凤尾草和辣蓼组成,每千克饲料每天用量分别为铁苋菜4克、地锦草4克、马齿苋1.5克、凤尾草1.5克、辣蓼1.5克;
(4)日常管理:坚持巡塘检查、注意水质变化、搞好防逃、加强蜕壳虾的管理、严防龙虾打洞。
实施例3
本实施例提供一种中草药龙虾喂养的方法,包括下述步骤:
(1)塘口整理:选择面积为20亩的塘口,池深1.5米、蓄水0.6米,池埂顶宽度为1.6米,内坡坡比为1:3;塘口整理好后用生石灰进行全池消毒,用茶籽饼进行清塘处理,清塘计量:通常水深1米,每667平方米用茶籽饼50千克,使用前先用水浸泡24小时后加水全池泼洒,毒药性过后用选择EDTA解重金属的毒性,选择硫代硫酸钠解消毒剂的毒性,选择有机酸或VC解氨氮亚硝酸盐的毒,解毒后进行水草种植;
(2)投放苗种:稚虾体长大于1厘米,虾种体长为3.5厘米,同池的虾苗规格一致;放苗三天后外用防治龙虾细菌性病害的中药组合物进行消毒,防治龙虾细菌性病害的发生;外用防治龙虾细菌性病害的中药组合物由黄连、五味子、黄芩和黄柏组成,药干重按水体积计算,黄连和五味子各5毫克/升,黄芩和黄柏各5毫克/升,用法为隔日一次,重复用药2次;
(3)饲料:在饲料组合中全价饲料要占总投饲料80%以上,在饲料中添加水产用中药组合物、蜕壳素、蛋壳粉和杜仲叶粉;饲喂时添加内服防治龙虾细菌性病害的中药组合物,防治龙虾细菌性病害的发生;
其中,水产用中药组合物按照重量份数计算,包括以下原料:茵陈4份、黄芪2份、栀子4份、连翘2份、金银花6份、黄连4份、蒲公英8份、麻黄4份、金樱子6份、贯众4份、槟榔6份、鱼腥草4份、柴胡9份、黄芩8份、板蓝根10份及白英9份;水产用中药组合物的用法为每天加入,加入量为动物体重每千克加入2克;所述蜕壳素、所述蛋壳粉和所述杜仲叶粉每周加一次,每次每千克饲料的加入量分别为1克、1克和5克;所述内服防治龙虾细菌性病害的中药组合物由铁苋菜、地锦草、马齿苋、凤尾草和辣蓼组成,每千克饲料每天用量分别为铁苋菜5克、地锦草3克、马齿苋2克、凤尾草1克、辣蓼2克
(4)日常管理:坚持巡塘检查、注意水质变化、搞好防逃、加强蜕壳虾的管理、严防龙虾打洞。
实验例1
在小龙虾养殖场进行,随机选取两块小龙虾养殖池,标记为对照池和实验池,每池均投放1000尾龙虾,实验池按照本发明中草药龙虾喂养的方法进行喂养,对照池喂食传统饲料(不添加水产用中药组合物及进行龙虾细菌性病害的防治),两组的喂养次数、喂养量、喂养时间均相同,连续喂养两个月,两池龙虾生长情况如下表1:
表1本发明喂养方法预防小龙虾发病结果
实验组 | 对照组 | |
发病率% | 0.3 | 3.9 |
实验例2
在小龙虾养殖场进行,随机选取两块小龙虾养殖池,标记为对照池和实验池,每池均投放1000尾龙虾,将每条龙虾均接种杆状病毒进行感染,实验池按照本发明中草药龙虾喂养的方法进行喂养,对照池喂食传统饲料(不添加水产用中药组合物及进行龙虾细菌性病害的防治),两组的喂养次数、喂养量、喂养时间均相同,连续喂养两个星期,两池龙虾生长情况如下表2:
表2本发明喂养方法治疗病毒性龙虾结果
实验组 | 对照组 | |
存活率% | 99.6 | 91.8 |
实验例3
在小龙虾养殖场进行,随机选取两块小龙虾养殖池,标记为对照池和实验池,每池均投放1000尾龙虾,将每条龙虾均接种丝状菌进行感染,实验池按照本发明中草药龙虾喂养的方法进行喂养,对照池喂食传统饲料(不添加水产用中药组合物及进行龙虾细菌性病害的防治),两组的喂养次数、喂养量、喂养时间均相同,连续喂养两个星期,两池龙虾生长情况如下表2:
表3本发明喂养方法治疗细菌性病害小龙虾结果
实验组 | 对照组 | |
存活率% | 99.8 | 90.2 |
实验例4
在小龙虾养殖场进行,随机选取两块小龙虾养殖池,标记为实验池1和实验池2,每池均投放1000尾龙虾,按照本发明中草药龙虾喂养的方法进行喂养,两组的喂养次数、喂养量、喂养时间均相同,连续喂养两个星期,两池龙虾生长情况如下表4:
表4采用本发明喂养方法龙虾生长情况
实验组1 | 实验组2 | |
肠炎病发病率% | 0.1% | 0.05% |
烂鳃病发病率% | 0.06% | 0.08% |
肝脏病害发病率% | 0.07% | 0.09% |
白斑病发病率% | 0.3% | 0.2% |
由上述数据可以看出,采用本发明喂养方法,本上杜绝了龙虾的肠炎病、烂鳃病和肝脏病害的发生,有明显抑制白斑病的发病率,大大提高龙虾养殖成功率。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (9)
1.一种中草药龙虾喂养的方法,其特征在于包括下述步骤:
(1)塘口整理:选择面积为10~20亩的塘口,池深1.5米、蓄水0.6~1.0米,池埂顶宽度要1.5米以上,内坡坡比为1:3;塘口整理好后用生石灰进行全池消毒,用茶籽饼进行清塘处理,毒药性过后用进行解毒处理,解毒后进行水草种植;
(2)投放苗种:稚虾体长大于1厘米,虾种体长为2.5~3.5厘米,同池的虾苗规格一致;放苗三天后外用防治龙虾细菌性病害的中药组合物进行消毒,防治龙虾细菌性病害的发生;
(3)饲料:在饲料组合中全价饲料要占总投饲料80%以上,在饲料中添加水产用中药组合物、蜕壳素、蛋壳粉和杜仲叶粉;饲喂时添加内服防治龙虾细菌性病害的中药组合物,防治龙虾细菌性病害的发生;
(4)日常管理:坚持巡塘检查、注意水质变化、搞好防逃、加强蜕壳虾的管理、严防龙虾打洞。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种中草药龙虾喂养的方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)中的清塘计量:通常水深1米,每667平方米用茶籽饼50千克,使用前先用水浸泡24小时后加水全池泼洒。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种中草药龙虾喂养的方法,其特征在于:选择EDTA解重金属的毒性,选择硫代硫酸钠解消毒剂的毒性,选择有机酸或VC解氨氮亚硝酸盐的毒。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种中草药龙虾喂养的方法,其特征在于:外用防治龙虾细菌性病害的中药组合物由黄连、五味子、黄芩和黄柏组成,药干重按水体积计算,黄连和五味子各5-10毫克/升,黄芩和黄柏各3-5毫克/升。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种中草药龙虾喂养的方法,其特征在于:所述外用防治龙虾细菌性病害中药组合物用法为隔日一次,重复用药2~3次。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种中草药龙虾喂养的方法,其特征在于:所述水产用中药组合物按照重量份数计算,包括以下原料:茵陈2~4份、黄芪2~4份、栀子2~4份、连翘2~4份、金银花4~6份、黄连4~6份、蒲公英6~8份、麻黄4~6份、金樱子4~6份、贯众4~6份、槟榔4~6份、鱼腥草4~6份、柴胡7~9份、黄芩8~12份、板蓝根8~10份及白英9~13份。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种中草药龙虾喂养的方法,其特征在于:所述水产用中药组合物的加入量为动物体重每千克加入2~3克。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种中草药龙虾喂养的方法,其特征在于:所述蜕壳素、所述蛋壳粉和所述杜仲叶粉每周加一次,每次每千克饲料的加入量分别为1克、1克和5克。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种中草药龙虾喂养的方法,其特征在于:所述内服防治龙虾细菌性病害的中药组合物由铁苋菜、地锦草、马齿苋、凤尾草和辣蓼组成,每千克饲料每天用量分别为铁苋菜3~5克、地锦草3~5克、马齿苋1~2克、凤尾草1~2克、辣蓼1~2克。
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