CN109168940A - 一种高效的葡萄栽培方法 - Google Patents

一种高效的葡萄栽培方法 Download PDF

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CN109168940A
CN109168940A CN201811144142.XA CN201811144142A CN109168940A CN 109168940 A CN109168940 A CN 109168940A CN 201811144142 A CN201811144142 A CN 201811144142A CN 109168940 A CN109168940 A CN 109168940A
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周训金
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种高效的葡萄栽培方法，包括如下步骤：(1)选用优质葡萄品种的种子，除霉去杂，采用多菌灵喷雾杀死附着在种子表面的小菌核和菌丝，清水洗涤后，用浸种剂浸泡40～50min；(2)将浸泡结束后的种子用种衣剂包裹；(3)搭建由若干育苗槽构成的育苗床，将有机肥，填充到每个育苗槽内，完成后，将步骤(2)所得的种子轻轻按入淤泥中，以种子刚刚被淤泥覆盖为标准，每个育苗槽中播种2粒，完成播种后，在育苗床上搭葡萄架；(5)葡萄苗长出3～5个叶片时，打顶处理，保留两个副梢做为两个主蔓，去除其他副梢，将两个主蔓吊绑在水平的葡萄架上，使葡萄苗竖直生长，防止倒伏。

Description

一种高效的葡萄栽培方法
技术领域
本发明涉及葡萄种植领域，具体涉及一种高效的葡萄栽培方法。
背景技术
近几年随着葡萄的种植效益不断提高，越来越多的果农种植葡萄，但是由于种植技术的不合理，雨水中的重金属和酸性导致葡萄内的金属超标，表面黑点及残留污物，葡萄的质量良莠不齐，口味差，另外导致葡萄的病虫害较多，从而广施化学农药，农药残留量超标，不符合安全无公害的要求，不能满足广大消费者的生态需求。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于：针对上述种植技术的不合理的现象导致的葡萄的质量良莠不齐，口味差，葡萄的病虫害较多的问题，本发明提供一种提高葡萄品质的栽培方法。
本发明采用的技术方案如下：
一种高效的葡萄栽培方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)选用优质葡萄品种的种子，除霉去杂，采用多菌灵喷雾杀死附着在种子表面的小菌核和菌丝，清水洗涤后，用浸种剂浸泡40～50min；
(2)将浸泡结束后的种子用种衣剂包裹；
(3)搭建由若干育苗槽构成的育苗床，将有机肥，填充到每个育苗槽内，完成后，将步骤(2)所得的种子轻轻按入淤泥中，以种子刚刚被淤泥覆盖为标准，每个育苗槽中播种2粒，完成播种后，在育苗床上搭葡萄架；
(5)葡萄苗长出3～5个叶片时，打顶处理，保留两个副梢做为两个主蔓，去除其他副梢，将两个主蔓吊绑在水平的葡萄架上，使葡萄苗竖直生长，防止倒伏，当两个主蔓生长到1.8～2.0m的高度时，分别对两个主蔓进行打顶处理；
(6)进行田间管理，保持土壤水分的充足和阶段性的浇灌营养水，进行温度调控，控制棚内白天温度在26℃～33℃，同时，进行补光和控制葡萄叶果比来控制葡萄冬果的生长环境；
进一步，所述步骤(6)温度调控的方法为，在温度低于26℃时，采用电热线对大棚内室进行加温处理，在温度高于33℃时，将大棚膜掀开对大棚内室进行降温处理。
进一步，所述步骤(6)补光使用的光源为节能灯，光照强度为800Lx-1000Lx，光照时间从20:00开始到24:00结束。通过使用节能灯进行补光将会降低有机酸的含量，提高葡萄的口感。
进一步，所述浸种剂由以下重量份的原料制备而成：美人蕉汁16～18份、硼砂1.2～1.4份、氯化钙2.5～2.7份、山梨酸钾1.9～2.1份、蒲公英多糖0.23～0.27份、水540～560份。通过使用浸种剂进行浸种处理，可以提高了种子发芽率，提高了葡萄的产量。
进一步，所述种衣剂由以下重量份的原料制备而成：香菇多糖7～11份，辛硫磷6～8份、木质素1～3份、葛仙米冻干粉2～5份、大蒜素5～9份、噻虫嗪4～6份、吡唑醚菌酯3～9份、抗结剂2.5～3份、润湿剂3～5份、乳化剂2～2.5份。通过使用种衣剂，播种后可防止土壤中病虫的侵袭，同时，随着种子发芽出土，药剂从种衣中逐渐释放，被作物吸收，还可防治地上部病虫害，提高葡萄的品质。
进一步，所述有机肥由以下重量份的原料制备而成：磷肥2份-5份、花生麸5份-10份、发酵的猪圈粪5份-10份、草木灰5份-10份，混合搅拌沤制55-65天。通过使用有机肥能够加快葡萄的生长，达到增产、增收的目的，提高了经济效益。
综上所述，由于采用了上述技术方案，本发明的有益效果是：
1.采用的双蔓的形式，可以有效的延缓主蔓变粗变硬的过程，两个主蔓相对细软，利于冬季时倒伏埋土过冬；采取双蔓的方式可以有效的防止机械损伤，提高机械作业的容错率，使葡萄产量保持在一个相对稳定的区间；
2.将两个主蔓上沿水平架设置，尽可能时减少植物的顶端优势，从而统一成熟度，并且只要通过一次集中的采收，即可完成采收工作，而不会因为成熟度的不统一，导致人工成本的增加；
3.通过使用节能灯进行补光将会降低有机酸的含量，提高葡萄的口感；
4.通过使用浸种剂进行浸种处理，可以提高了种子发芽率，提高了葡萄的产量；
5.通过使用种衣剂，播种后可防止土壤中病虫的侵袭，同时，随着种子发芽出土，药剂从种衣中逐渐释放，被作物吸收，还可防治地上部分受到虫害，提高葡萄的品质；
6.通过使用有机肥能够加快葡萄的生长，达到增产、增收的目的，提高了经济效益。
具体实施方式
本说明书中公开的所有特征，或公开的所有方法或过程中的步骤，除了互相排斥的特征和/或步骤以外，均可以以任何方式组合。
实施例1
一种高效的葡萄栽培方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)选用优质葡萄品种的种子，除霉去杂，采用多菌灵喷雾杀死附着在种子表面的小菌核和菌丝，清水洗涤后，用浸种剂浸泡40min，所述浸种剂由以下重量份的原料制备而成：美人蕉汁16份、硼砂1.2份、氯化钙2.5份、山梨酸钾1.9份、蒲公英多糖0.23份、水540份；
(2)将浸泡结束后的种子用种衣剂包裹，所述种衣剂由以下重量份的原料制备而成：香菇多糖7份，辛硫磷6份、木质素1份、葛仙米冻干粉2份、大蒜素5％、噻虫嗪4％、吡唑醚菌酯3％，抗结剂2.5份，润湿剂3％，乳化剂2％；
(3)搭建由若干育苗槽构成的育苗床，将有机肥，填充到每个育苗槽内，完成后，将步骤(2)所得的种子轻轻按入淤泥中，以种子刚刚被淤泥覆盖为标准，每个育苗槽中播种2粒，完成播种后，在育苗床上搭葡萄架，所述有机肥由以下重量份的原料制备而成：磷肥2份、花生麸5份、发酵的猪圈粪5份、草木灰5份，混合搅拌沤制55天；
(5)葡萄苗长出3～5个叶片时，打顶处理，保留两个副梢做为两个主蔓，去除其他副梢；
(6)进行田间管理，保持土壤水分的充足和阶段性的浇灌营养水，进行温度调控，控制棚内白天温度在26℃～33℃，同时，进行补光和控制葡萄叶果比来控制葡萄冬果的生长环境，在温度低于26℃时，采用电热线对大棚内室进行加温处理，在温度高于33℃时，将大棚膜掀开对大棚内室进行降温处理，所述补光使用的光源为节能灯，光照强度为800Lx，光照时间从20:00开始到24:00结束。
实施效果：虫害较少，葡萄产量稳定，有机酸含量低，口感较佳。
实施例2
一种高效的葡萄栽培方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)选用优质葡萄品种的种子，除霉去杂，采用多菌灵喷雾杀死附着在种子表面的小菌核和菌丝，清水洗涤后，用浸种剂浸泡50min，所述浸种剂由以下重量份的原料制备而成：美人蕉汁18份、硼砂1.4份、氯化钙2.7份、山梨酸钾2.1份、蒲公英多糖0.27份、水560份；
(2)将浸泡结束后的种子用种衣剂包裹，所述种衣剂由以下重量份的原料制备而成：香菇多糖11份，辛硫磷8份、木质素3份、葛仙米冻干粉5份、大蒜素9份、噻虫嗪6份、吡唑醚菌酯9份、抗结剂3份、润湿剂5份、乳化剂2.5份；
(3)搭建由若干育苗槽构成的育苗床，将有机肥，填充到每个育苗槽内，完成后，将步骤(2)所得的种子轻轻按入淤泥中，以种子刚刚被淤泥覆盖为标准，每个育苗槽中播种2粒，完成播种后，在育苗床上搭葡萄架，所述有机肥由以下重量份的原料制备而成：磷肥5份、花生麸10份、发酵的猪圈粪10份、草木灰10份，混合搅拌沤制65天。
(5)葡萄苗长出3～5个叶片时，打顶处理，保留两个副梢做为两个主蔓，去除其他副梢，将两个主蔓吊绑在水平的葡萄架上，使葡萄苗竖直生长，防止倒伏，当两个主蔓生长到1.8～2.0m的高度时，分别对两个主蔓进行打顶处理：
(6)进行田间管理，保持土壤水分的充足和阶段性的浇灌营养水，进行温度调控，控制棚内白天温度在26℃～33℃，同时，进行补光和控制葡萄叶果比来控制葡萄冬果的生长环境，在温度低于26℃时，采用电热线对大棚内室进行加温处理，在温度高于33℃时，将大棚膜掀开对大棚内室进行降温处理，所述补光使用的光源为节能灯，光照强度为1000Lx，光照时间从20:00开始到24:00结束。
实施效果：有机肥较多，产量更高，且成熟度统一，补光强度大，使光照更加充分，口感更好。

Claims (6)

1.一种高效的葡萄栽培方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
(1)选用优质葡萄品种的种子，除霉去杂，采用多菌灵喷雾杀死附着在种子表面的小菌核和菌丝，清水洗涤后，用浸种剂浸泡40～50min；
(2)将浸泡结束后的种子用种衣剂包裹；
(3)搭建由若干育苗槽构成的育苗床，将有机肥填充到每个育苗槽内，完成后，将步骤(2)所得的种子轻轻按入淤泥中，以种子刚刚被淤泥覆盖为标准，每个育苗槽中播种2粒，完成播种后，在育苗床上搭葡萄架；
(5)葡萄苗长出3～5个叶片时，打顶处理，保留两个副梢做为两个主蔓，去除其他副梢，将两个主蔓吊绑在水平的葡萄架上，使葡萄苗竖直生长，防止倒伏，当两个主蔓生长到1.8～2.0m的高度时，分别对两个主蔓进行打顶处理；
(6)进行田间管理，保持土壤水分的充足和阶段性的浇灌营养水，进行温度调控，控制棚内白天温度在26℃～33℃，同时，进行补光和控制葡萄叶果比来控制葡萄冬果的生长环境。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种高效的葡萄栽培方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(6)温度调控的方法为，在温度低于26℃时，采用电热线对大棚内室进行加温处理，在温度高于33℃时，将大棚膜掀开对大棚内室进行降温处理。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种高效的葡萄栽培方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(6)补光使用的光源为节能灯，光照强度为800Lx-1000Lx，光照时间从20：00开始到24：00结束。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种高效的葡萄栽培方法，其特征在于，所述浸种剂由以下重量份的原料制备而成：美人蕉汁16～18份、硼砂1.2～1.4份、氯化钙2.5～2.7份、山梨酸钾1.9～2.1份、蒲公英多糖0.23～0.27份、水540～560份。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种高效的葡萄栽培方法，其特征在于，所述种衣剂由以下重量份的原料制备而成：香菇多糖7～11份、辛硫磷6～8份、木质素1～3份、葛仙米冻干粉2～5份、大蒜素5～9份、噻虫嗪4～6份、吡唑醚菌酯3～9份、抗结剂2.5～3份、润湿剂3～5份、乳化剂2～2.5份。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种高效的葡萄栽培方法，其特征在于，所述有机肥由以下重量份的原料制备而成：磷肥2份-5份、花生麸5份-10份、发酵的猪圈粪5份-10份、草木灰5份-10份，混合搅拌沤制55-65天。
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