CN109161394B

CN109161394B - Low-energy-consumption biomass liquefying device

Info

Publication number: CN109161394B
Application number: CN201811236940.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 闫高程
Original assignee: Shanxi University
Current assignee: Shanxi University
Priority date: 2018-10-23
Filing date: 2018-10-23
Publication date: 2020-09-29
Anticipated expiration: 2038-10-23
Also published as: CN109161394A

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of biomass fast pyrolysis liquefaction, and particularly relates to a low-energy-consumption biomass liquefaction device which mainly comprises a bin heating sleeve, a carbon powder burner, a multistage air preheater, a biomass pyrolysis reactor, a plate-type nitrogen preheater, a gas-solid cyclone separator, a fast condensation system, a metal filter and the like. Meanwhile, the heat required by pyrolysis is provided by burning the main biomass carbon particles, self-sufficiency of energy is realized, and the heat of flue gas is recycled in multiple stages, so that the heat loss of flue gas is reduced, and the heat efficiency of the whole device is improved. The invention can improve the oil yield of the biomass fast pyrolysis liquefaction to more than 65%.

Description

Low-energy-consumption biomass liquefying device

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of biomass fast pyrolysis liquefaction, and particularly relates to a low-energy-consumption biomass liquefaction device.

Background

China is a big agricultural country, biomass resources are very rich, only non-wood fibers such as straws, wheat straws, bagasse, reeds, bamboos and the like are produced by more than 10 hundred million tons every year, the utilization prospect of biomass is not wide, and the conventional utilization method of biomass mainly comprises direct combustion, gasification and liquefaction. The biomass liquefaction has high heat value of the biodiesel, is easy to store and transport, and can be used as a raw material for synthesizing chemicals, so the biomass liquefaction is an important way for biomass utilization.

The key of the biomass pyrolysis liquefaction technology is high heating rate and heat transfer rate, short gas residence time, strict temperature control and rapid cooling of pyrolysis volatile matters. Only if such requirements are met can the proportion of oil in the product be maximized.

At present, the mode of a rotating cone reactor and a fluidized bed reactor is mainly adopted for domestic biomass rapid liquefaction, wherein the rotating cone reactor needs to consume more electric energy, the gas retention time is long, and the heating rate of the fluidized bed reactor and the cooling of pyrolysis gas are slow, so that the output proportion of the bio-oil is low.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the problems of overhigh energy consumption and low heating rate in the biomass pyrolysis liquefaction process, thereby causing low output ratio of the biomass diesel. The invention provides a biomass rapid liquefaction device with advanced principle and high thermal efficiency, biomass raw materials are fully preheated and dried by hot air, the biomass is forced to be tightly attached to a high-temperature metal heating surface to rapidly flow by utilizing a rotary centrifugal force and a honeycomb channel, the heating rate of the biomass in the gasification process is greatly improved, gas and liquid in biomass gas generated by pyrolysis are bubbled and mixed in normal-temperature biomass oil, rapid condensation is realized, and the generation proportion of the biomass oil is increased. Meanwhile, the heat required by pyrolysis is mainly provided by burning biomass carbon particles separated after biomass gasification, energy consumption is not needed, and the heat of high-temperature flue gas generated by burning is recovered by a multistage air preheating device, a nitrogen preheating device, a biomass drying device and the like, so that the heat loss of flue gas is reduced, and the heat efficiency of the whole device is improved.

The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows: a low energy consumption biomass liquefaction device which characterized in that: comprises a hearth, a bin heating jacket, a carbon powder burner, a three-level jacketed type air preheater, a biomass pyrolysis reactor, a plate type nitrogen preheater, a two-level plate type air preheater, a gas-solid cyclone separator, a rapid condensation system, a first fan, a second fan, a one-level tubular air preheater, a biomass bin, an electric control valve, a screw feeder and a stirrer, wherein the furnace wall of the hearth is enclosed by the three-level jacketed type air preheater, the carbon powder burner passes through the three-level jacketed type air preheater and is installed at the lower part of the hearth, the biomass pyrolysis reactor is arranged at the middle upper part of the hearth, the plate type nitrogen preheater is arranged at the upper part of the biomass pyrolysis reactor, a communicating bypass is arranged between the inlet and the outlet of the plate type nitrogen preheater, the electric control valve is installed on the bypass, the outlet of the plate type nitrogen preheater is connected with the inlet of, the secondary plate type air preheater is arranged at the upper part of the plate type nitrogen preheater, the outlet of the secondary plate type air preheater is connected with the inlet of the bin heating sleeve through a pipeline, the outlet of the bin heating sleeve is connected with the inlet of the tertiary jacketed type air preheater through a pipeline, the outlet of the tertiary jacketed type air preheater is connected with the inlet of the carbon powder burner through a pipeline, the biomass bin is positioned in the bin heating sleeve and is designed to be open, a stirrer is arranged at the central position of the biomass bin, the outlet of the biomass bin is connected with the inlet of the screw feeder, the outlet of the screw feeder is connected with the inlet of the biomass pyrolysis reactor, the outlet of the biomass pyrolysis reactor is connected with the inlet of the cyclone separator, the gas outlet at the upper part of the gas-solid cyclone separator is connected with the inlet of the metal filter, and the outlet of the metal filter is connected with the, the solid exit linkage of gas-solid cyclone separator lower part is on the pipeline between tertiary jacketed type air heater export and the carbon dust burner entry, and the upper portion export of rapid condensing system and the entry linkage of second fan, the export of second fan and plate nitrogen gas preheater's entry linkage, the export of first fan and one-level tubular air preheater's entry linkage, the entry linkage of pipeline and second grade plate air preheater is passed through in one-level tubular air preheater's export.

The beneficial effect of above-mentioned device is:

(1) the invention achieves self-sufficiency in energy supply without consuming other energy sources including electric energy. The main body is as follows: fast pyrolysis of biomass is an endothermic process, the direct products of which are mainly gaseous products and solid products (liquid products are obtained by rapid condensation of gaseous products). The solid product comprises a part of biological carbon particles, and the solid product is separated by the gas-solid cyclone separator and then is sent into the hearth for combustion again to release heat, so that the heat absorption requirement of biomass pyrolysis is met, heat sources are not required to be provided for the solid product by consuming other energy sources such as electric energy and the like, byproducts (the biological carbon particles) generated in the process of biomass pyrolysis liquefaction are fully utilized, local materials are obtained, and the comprehensive utilization efficiency of resources is improved.

(2) The invention has higher thermal efficiency. In order to absorb most of the heat released by the biomass carbon particles in the combustion process, a three-stage jacketed air preheater, a two-stage plate type air preheater, a plate type nitrogen preheater and other heat recovery devices are arranged around the hearth and in the flue, so that the flue gas temperature is reduced to a designed value and then is discharged, and the smoke discharge loss is greatly reduced. Meanwhile, the heat released by the biomass gas in the condensation process is carried by the biomass oil and then is recovered through the primary air preheater. Therefore, the invention has no unorganized emission heat source, fully recovers the heat of each part, greatly improves the heat efficiency and reduces the energy consumption of biomass liquefaction.

(3) The biodiesel prepared by the invention has higher quality. This is because: (a) biomass is dried and preheated in the feed bin by utilizing hot air introduced into the feed bin heating sleeve, and biomass raw materials are fully stirred by utilizing the stirrer, so that moisture in the prepared biomass diesel is fully evaporated before the biomass raw materials enter the biomass pyrolysis reactor, and the moisture in the prepared biomass diesel is reduced, and the quality of the biodiesel is improved. (b) The gas-solid mixture after biomass gasification is subjected to secondary separation, the first stage is a gas-solid cyclone separator which can separate solid particles with larger particle size, but a small amount of fine particles are discharged from the upper part of the gas-solid cyclone separator along with the gas and enter a second stage metal filter, and the fine separation is carried out by utilizing the adsorption effect of a metal porous medium in the filter, so that all impurities in the gas can be basically removed, and finally the biodiesel with less impurity content can be obtained.

(4) The invention has lower energy consumption in the biomass gasification process. This is because: (a) the biomass is subjected to secondary heating before entering the reactor, the first stage is to dry and heat the biomass by using high-temperature air in a biomass bin, and the second stage is to preheat the biomass by using high-temperature nitrogen at an inlet section of the reactor, so that the temperature of the biomass is close to the temperature required by biomass gasification before pyrolysis gasification; (b) the nitrogen carrying the biomass absorbs heat in the plate-type nitrogen preheater before entering the pyrolysis reactor, and the temperature rises to a design value, so that the part of the nitrogen does not need to absorb heat in the pyrolysis reactor. Therefore, the invention can reduce the heat quantity which is required to be absorbed by the biomass in the pyrolysis reactor to the minimum, and the heat quantity of the preheated biomass and the nitrogen gas are obtained from the tail flue gas, thereby reducing the energy consumption of the pyrolysis reactor, and ensuring that the invention can meet the normal operation requirement of the whole system only by using the self-generated biomass carbon particles to reburn.

(5) The method can reduce the retention time of the gasified biomass in a gas phase state, and is very favorable for improving the proportion of the biodiesel in the final product. This is because: the biomass is carried by nitrogen in the pyrolysis and gasification process, and the retention range of biomass pyrolysis gas mainly comprises a pyrolysis reactor and a gas-solid cyclone separator, so that the flow speed of the nitrogen in the two devices can be increased as long as the pressure difference of the nitrogen from an inlet of the pyrolysis reactor to an outlet of the gas-solid cyclone separator is properly increased and the flow area is properly reduced, so that the retention time of the biomass in a gas phase state is obviously changed, and the retention time of the biomass in the reactor can be adjusted to an optimal value by adjusting the pressure of the nitrogen; therefore, the preheating and temperature rising time of the biomass is reduced, the biomass directly reacts in the honeycomb channel, and the time required by pyrolysis gasification is reduced.

The biomass pyrolysis reactor also comprises a first thermocouple, a second thermocouple, a third thermocouple, an axial layering track, a distributor, a honeycomb channel, a radial layering cylinder group, a pyrolysis reactor inlet pipe, a pyrolysis reactor outlet pipe and a layering guide plate, wherein the first thermocouple is arranged on a connecting pipeline between an outlet of a plate-type nitrogen preheater and the pyrolysis reactor inlet pipe, an outlet of a screw feeder is positioned in the pyrolysis reactor inlet pipe, an outlet of the pyrolysis reactor inlet pipe is connected with an inlet of the distributor, an outlet of the distributor is connected with an inlet of the layering guide plate, the radial layering cylinder group consists of a plurality of cylinders which are coaxially arranged, the cylinders are same in height and different in diameter, the second thermocouple is arranged on the inner side wall surface of the radial layering cylinder group, and the third thermocouple is arranged on the outer side wall surface of the radial layering cylinder group, the number of layers of the guide plates in the layered guide plates is the same as the number of cylinders in the radial layered cylinder group, the layered guide plates and the radial layered cylinder group are in one-to-one correspondence, the layered guide plates and the radial layered cylinder group are tangent at the top, the upper top surface and the lower bottom surface of an inner cylinder (namely, a cylinder with the smallest diameter) in the radial layered cylinder group are communicated with a hearth, an axial layered track is installed in the radial layered cylinder group, the axial layered track is downwards spirally arranged from the top of the radial layered cylinder group to the bottom of the radial layered cylinder group at a certain inclination angle, the axial layered track and the radial layered cylinder group jointly form a honeycomb channel, an inlet of an outlet pipe of the pyrolysis reactor is tangent to the bottom of the radial layered cylinder group and is communicated with the honeycomb channel, and an outlet of an outlet pipe of the pyrolysis.

The beneficial effect of above-mentioned device is:

(1) the invention can create extremely fast heating rate, and is very beneficial to improving the proportion of the biodiesel in the final product. This is because: (a) the axial layered track and the radial layered cylinder group are made of metal materials with high heat conductivity coefficients, the axial layered track and the radial layered cylinder group form a honeycomb channel with a small section and a long flow path, biomass flows rapidly in the honeycomb channel and can be directly heated by the metal materials in the up, down, left and right directions; (b) the layered guide plate and the radial layered cylinder group are of a tangent structure, so that biomass can strongly rotate along the axis of the radial layered cylinder group in the honeycomb channel under the carrying of high-temperature nitrogen, the centrifugal inertia force generated by the rotation can tightly attach the biomass to the metal surface, and the heat transfer rate is greatly accelerated; (c) the honeycomb channel has the structural characteristics of small section and long flow path, and the structure is favorable for increasing the direct contact area between biomass of unit mass and the metal surface and is very helpful for improving the heat transfer efficiency; (d) the inner surface and the outer surface of the radial layered cylinder group are directly subjected to the action of flame radiation and high-temperature flue gas convection heating in the hearth, so that the heat absorption area of the pyrolysis reactor is increased, heat can be rapidly absorbed and transferred to biomass, and the requirement of biomass pyrolysis reaction is met; (e) the high-temperature nitrogen carrying the biomass absorbs heat in the plate-type nitrogen preheater before entering the reactor, and the temperature of the high-temperature nitrogen can be adjusted to a designed value through the thermocouple a and the bypass adjusting valve, so that the part of the nitrogen is not endothermic in the reactor, the heat absorbed by the reactor from a hearth is completely transferred to the biomass, and the high-temperature nitrogen has a certain preheating effect on the biomass, so that the time required for the high-temperature nitrogen to reach the gasification temperature in the reactor can be reduced; (f) under the combined action of the distributor and the layered guide plates, biomass is uniformly distributed and enters each honeycomb channel, so that the phenomenon that a large amount of biomass is concentrated and enters the honeycomb channels in the central area to cause large heat transfer resistance due to large thickness of the biomass layer in the honeycomb channels is avoided.

(2) The invention can effectively control the gasification temperature of the biomass. The concrete measures are as follows: (a) the thermocouples are arranged on the inner surface and the outer surface of the radial layered cylinder group, the working temperature of the reactor is monitored in time, when the working temperature is lower than a design value, the supply amount of biomass carbon particles is automatically increased, combustion is enhanced, and more heat is transferred to the reactor through flame radiation and flue gas convection so as to improve the temperature of the reactor, and vice versa. (b) The upper top surface and the lower bottom surface of an inner cylinder (namely, a cylinder with the smallest diameter) in the radial layered cylinder group are communicated with the hearth, so that in the working process, the inner surface and the outer surface of the radial layered cylinder group are directly heated by flame radiation and high-temperature flue gas convection in the hearth, the surface temperature distribution of the radial layered cylinder group is uniform, the temperature of the whole reactor is controlled within the optimal gasification temperature range, and the phenomenon that other regions are lower than the optimal temperature range while the local region is over-heated is avoided.

The rapid condensation system also comprises a biomass oil outlet, a biomass oil storage tank, an atomizing nozzle, a condenser body, a circulating pump, a distribution header, an air inlet pipe group, a circulating cooling liquid outlet and a heat exchange pipe, wherein the air inlet pipe is connected with the outlet of the metal filter and the inlet of the distribution header, the outlet of the distribution header is connected with the inlet of the air inlet pipe group, the air inlet pipe group consists of a plurality of air inlet pipes which are uniformly distributed along the cross section of the condenser body, the air inlet pipe group penetrates from the bottom of the condenser body and extends to the inside of the condenser body for a certain distance, the top of the condenser body is connected with a fan b through a pipeline, the atomizing nozzle is arranged at the central position of the upper part of the condenser body, the biomass oil outlet is arranged at the middle part of the condenser body, the biomass oil outlet is connected, the distance between the liquid level of the biomass oil and the outlet of the air inlet pipe group is L, the side face of the condenser body is close to the bottom and is provided with a circulating cooling liquid outlet, the heat exchange pipe is arranged inside the first-stage tubular air preheater, the circulating cooling liquid outlet is connected with the inlet of the heat exchange pipe through a pipeline, the outlet of the heat exchange pipe is connected with a circulating pump through a pipeline, and the outlet of the circulating pump is connected with the inlet of the atomizing nozzle through a pipeline.

The beneficial effect of above-mentioned device is:

(1) the invention can realize the instant cooling of the biomass gas, thereby improving the output proportion of the biodiesel. This is because: (a) under the effect of distribution header, the flow that enters into the living beings gas of each intake pipe of air intake nest is even basically, and the intake pipe is evenly distributed in the condenser body, consequently can be with the even condenser of sending into of living beings gas inside, make full use of the big space of condenser body cools off. (b) High temperature biomass gas that the intake pipe was sent into has certain initial velocity, directly sends into room temperature biomass liquid with biomass gas in the condenser inside, realizes the gas-liquid tympanic bulla and mixes, has realized the direct heat transfer of gas-liquid, through the distance L between the export of reasonable selection living beings oil liquid level and intake pipe group, can ensure biomass gas just to accomplish the condensation inside living beings oil basically. (c) The biomass oil is cooled by the primary tubular air preheater under the action of the circulating pump, so that the biomass oil can be kept at a normal temperature state, and the capacity of absorbing heat carried by the biomass gas is enhanced. (d) The circulating biological oil returns to the upper air space of the condenser, is atomized into oil mist through an atomizing nozzle arranged at the top of the condenser, and then is sprayed out from top to bottom, and is mixed with the nitrogen and the biomass gas flowing from bottom to top in a reverse turbulence manner, so that the biological oil is further cooled, and all the biomass is completely condensed.

(2) The invention can completely recover the heat carried by the nitrogen and the biomass gas. The reason is that inside the condenser, after the high-temperature nitrogen and the biomass gas transfer heat to the biomass oil, the biomass oil enters the first-stage tubular air preheater for cooling under the action of the circulating pump, and the heat is absorbed by combustion air and then is brought into a hearth for combustion supporting, so that the consumption of biomass carbon particles can be reduced, and the part of heat is not lost.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a system diagram of a low energy consumption biomass liquefaction plant in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a biomass pyrolysis reactor of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a diagram of a rapid condensing system;

FIG. 4 is a view A-A of FIG. 2

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of FIG. 4

In the figure, 1-hearth, 2-bin heating jacket, 3-carbon powder burner, 4-three-stage jacketed air preheater, 5-biomass pyrolysis reactor, 51 a-first thermocouple, 51 b-second thermocouple, 51 c-third thermocouple, 52-axial layered track, 53-distributor, 54-honeycomb channel, 55-radial layered cylinder group, 56-pyrolysis reactor inlet pipe, 57-pyrolysis reactor outlet pipe, 58-layered guide plate, 6-plate nitrogen preheater, 7-two-stage plate air preheater, 8-gas-solid cyclone separator, 9-rapid condensing system, 91-biomass oil outlet, 92-biomass oil storage tank, 93-atomizing nozzle, 94-condenser body, 95-circulating pump, 96-distribution header, 97-air inlet pipe group, 98-circulating cooling liquid outlet, 99-heat exchange pipe, 10 a-first fan, 10 b-second fan, 11-primary pipe type air preheater, 12-biomass bin, 13-electric regulating valve, 14-screw feeder, 15-stirrer and 16-metal filter.

Detailed Description

The principles and features of this invention are described below in conjunction with the following drawings, which are set forth by way of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

As shown in fig. 1, the low-energy consumption biomass liquefaction device in the embodiment is characterized in that: comprises a hearth 1, a bin heating jacket 2, a carbon powder burner 3, a three-level jacketed type air preheater 4, a biomass pyrolysis reactor 5, a plate type nitrogen preheater 6, a two-level plate type air preheater 7, a gas-solid cyclone separator 8, a rapid condensation system 9,

fans

10a and 10b, a one-level tubular air preheater 11, a biomass bin 12, an electric control valve 13, a screw feeder 14, a stirrer 15 and a metal filter 16, wherein the furnace wall of the hearth 1 is enclosed by the three-level jacketed type air preheater 4, the carbon powder burner 3 passes through the three-level jacketed type air preheater 4 and is installed at the lower part of the hearth 1, the biomass pyrolysis reactor 5 is arranged at the middle upper part of the hearth 1, the plate type nitrogen preheater 6 is arranged at the upper part of the biomass pyrolysis reactor 5, a communicating bypass is arranged between the inlet and the outlet of the plate type nitrogen preheater 6, and the electric control valve 13 is installed, an outlet of the plate-type nitrogen preheater 6 is connected with an inlet of the biomass pyrolysis reactor 5 through a pipeline, a second-stage plate-type air preheater 7 is arranged on the upper portion of the plate-type nitrogen preheater 6, an outlet of the second-stage plate-type air preheater 7 is connected with an inlet of the bin heating sleeve 2 through a pipeline, an outlet of the bin heating sleeve 2 is connected with an inlet of the third-stage jacketed air preheater 4 through a pipeline, an outlet of the third-stage jacketed air preheater 4 is connected with an inlet of the carbon powder burner 3 through a pipeline, the biomass bin 12 is positioned in the bin heating sleeve 2, the biomass bin 12 is designed to be open, a stirrer 15 is arranged at the central position of the biomass bin 12, an outlet of the biomass bin 12 is connected with an inlet of the screw feeder 14, an outlet of the screw feeder 14 is connected with an inlet of the biomass pyrolysis reactor 5, an outlet of the biomass pyrolysis reactor 5 is connected with, the gas outlet on 8 upper portions of gas-solid cyclone separator and metal filter 16's entry linkage, metal filter 16's export and rapid condensing system 9's entry linkage, the solid exit linkage of 8 lower parts of gas-solid cyclone separator is on the pipeline between three-level jacketed formula air heater 4 export and the 3 entrys of carbon powder combustor, rapid condensing system 9's upper portion export and fan 10 b's entry linkage, fan 10 b's export and the entry linkage of plate nitrogen gas preheater 6, fan 10 a's export and the entry linkage of one-level tubular air preheater 11, the entry linkage of pipeline and second grade plate air preheater 7 is passed through in the export of one-level tubular air preheater 11.

As shown in fig. 2, 4 and 5, the biomass pyrolysis reactor 5 further comprises

thermocouples

51a, 51b and 51c, an axial layered track 52, a distributor 53, a honeycomb channel 54, a radial layered cylinder group 55, a pyrolysis reactor inlet pipe 56, a pyrolysis reactor outlet pipe 57 and a layered deflector 58, the thermocouple 51a is installed on a connecting pipeline between an outlet of the plate nitrogen preheater 6 and the pyrolysis reactor inlet pipe 56, an outlet of the screw feeder 14 is positioned in the pyrolysis reactor inlet pipe 56, an outlet of the pyrolysis reactor inlet pipe 56 is connected with an inlet of the distributor 53, an outlet of the distributor 53 is connected with an inlet of the layered deflector 58, the radial layered cylinder group 55 is composed of a plurality of coaxially installed cylinders with the same height and different diameters, the thermocouple 51b is installed on an inner side wall surface of the radial layered cylinder group 55, thermocouples 51c are arranged on the outer side wall surface of the radial layered cylinder group 55, the number of layers of the guide plates in the layered guide plates 58 is the same as the number of cylinders in the radial layered cylinder group 55, and the layered guide plates 58 and the radial layered cylinder group 55 are in one-to-one correspondence, the top parts of the layered guide plates 58 are tangent to each other, the upper top surface and the lower bottom surface of the inner cylinder of the radial layered cylinder group 55, namely, the cylinder with the smallest diameter, are communicated with the furnace, axial layered tracks 52 are arranged in the radial layered cylinder group 55, the axial layered tracks 52 are spirally arranged from the top part of the radial layered cylinder group 55 to the bottom part of the radial layered cylinder group 55 at a certain inclination angle, the axial layered tracks 52 and the radial layered cylinder group 55 jointly form a honeycomb channel 54, the inlet of the pyrolysis reactor outlet pipe 57 is tangent to the bottom part of the radial, the outlet of the outlet pipe 57 of the pyrolysis reactor is connected with the inlet of the gas-solid cyclone separator 8.

As shown in fig. 3, the rapid condensing system 9 further includes a bio-oil outlet 91, a bio-oil storage tank 92, an atomizing nozzle 93, a condenser body 94, a circulation pump 95, a distribution header 96, an air inlet pipe group 97, a circulating coolant outlet 98, and a heat exchange pipe 99, wherein the air inlet pipe 97 is connected to the outlet of the metal filter 16 and the inlet of the distribution header 97, the outlet of the distribution header 97 is connected to the inlet of the air inlet pipe group 97, the air inlet pipe group 97 is composed of a plurality of air inlet pipes uniformly distributed along the cross section of the condenser body 94, the air inlet pipe group 97 penetrates from the bottom of the condenser body 94 and extends to the inside of the condenser body 94 for a certain distance, the top of the condenser body 94 is connected to a fan 10b through a pipe, the atomizing nozzle 93 is installed at the center of the upper portion of the condenser body 94, the bio-oil outlet 91 is installed at the center of the, the lower half portion of the condenser body 94 is filled with biomass oil, the distance between the liquid level of the biomass oil and the outlet of the air inlet pipe group 97 is L, a circulating cooling liquid outlet 98 is arranged on the side face of the condenser body 94 close to the bottom, a heat exchange pipe 99 is arranged inside the first-stage tubular air preheater 11, the circulating cooling liquid outlet 98 is connected with the inlet of the heat exchange pipe 99 through a pipeline, the outlet of the heat exchange pipe 99 is connected with a circulating pump 95 through a pipeline, and the outlet of the circulating pump 95 is connected with the inlet of the atomizing nozzle 93 through a pipeline.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.

Principle of operation

The invention mainly comprises a biomass gasification system, a biomass oil circulation system and a wind smoke system, and the detailed working flow of the invention is described as follows:

(1) a biomass gasification system: after biomass is dried in a biomass bin, the biomass is conveyed into a pyrolysis reactor by a screw feeder and then is gasified by nitrogen carried in the reactor in a high-speed rotary motion manner, after the gasification process of the biomass is finished, the biomass leaves the reactor and enters a gas-solid cyclone separator for separation, solid particles (mainly carbon particles and ash slag) with larger diameters are discharged from the bottom of the gas-solid cyclone separator, the solid particles with larger diameters are discharged from the upper part of the gas-solid separator along with nitrogen and biomass gas and enter a metal filter to eliminate residual solid particles, the rest of clean gas enters a condenser body through a distribution header and a gas inlet pipe group, after the biomass oil is rapidly cooled by normal temperature biomass oil, the biomass gas is condensed into biomass oil, after the nitrogen which can not be condensed is discharged from the upper part of the condenser body, the nitrogen is pressurized by a fan b and enters a plate-type nitrogen preheater for heat absorption, and after the design value is reached, the biomass enters the biomass reactor again to carry the biomass, and the next circulation is started.

(2) The biomass oil circulating system comprises: after biomass oil absorbs heat of high-temperature nitrogen and biomass gas in the condenser, the temperature rises, then flows out of the condenser body to enter a first-level tubular air preheater, releases the heat to give air, and the temperature of the biomass oil is reduced to a normal temperature state, then enters the top of the condenser after the pressure is increased by a circulating pump, is sprayed out after being atomized by a nozzle, and then falls to the heat of the lower part of the condenser body, the heat of the heat-absorption high-temperature nitrogen and the biomass gas, and a working cycle is completed.

(3) The wind smoke system:

(a) the air works according to the following process: (1) normal temperature air firstly enters a first-stage tubular air preheater through a fan a to absorb heat released in the biomass oil circulation process, (2) then enters a second-stage plate type air preheater to absorb smoke heat, (3) then enters a bin heating sleeve to dry and preheat biomass in the bin, (4) then enters a third-stage jacketed type air preheater to absorb radiant heat released by carbon particles in the combustion process, and (5) then carries solid particles discharged from the bottom of a gas-solid separator to enter a carbon powder burner.

(b) The flue gas works according to the following procedures: (1) the method comprises the steps of (1) carrying carbon particles with air to enter a hearth through a carbon powder burner and then start to burn to generate high-temperature flue gas, (2) enabling the high-temperature flue gas to firstly flow through a biomass pyrolysis reactor, transferring heat to the reactor and reducing the temperature of the flue gas, and (3) enabling the flue gas to sequentially flow through a plate-type nitrogen preheater and a second-level plate-type air preheater, enabling the temperature to be continuously reduced, and discharging after reaching a design value of smoke discharge.

Claims

1. A low energy consumption biomass liquefaction device which characterized in that: comprises a hearth (1), a bin heating jacket (2), a carbon powder burner (3), a three-level jacketed air preheater (4), a biomass pyrolysis reactor (5), a plate-type nitrogen preheater (6), a two-level plate-type air preheater (7), a gas-solid cyclone separator (8), a rapid condensation system (9), a first fan (10 a), a second fan (10 b), a one-level tubular air preheater (11), a biomass bin (12), an electric regulating valve (13), a screw feeder (14), a stirrer (15) and a metal filter (16), wherein the furnace wall of the hearth (1) is enclosed by the three-level jacketed air preheater (4), the carbon powder burner (3) passes through the three-level jacketed air preheater (4) to be installed at the lower part of the hearth (1), and the biomass pyrolysis reactor (5) is arranged at the middle upper part of the hearth (1), the plate-type nitrogen preheater (6) is arranged on the upper part of the biomass pyrolysis reactor (5), a communicating bypass is arranged between the inlet and the outlet of the plate-type nitrogen preheater (6), an electric regulating valve (13) is arranged on the bypass, the outlet of the plate-type nitrogen preheater (6) is connected with the inlet of the biomass pyrolysis reactor (5) through a pipeline, the second-stage plate-type air preheater (7) is arranged on the upper part of the plate-type nitrogen preheater (6), the outlet of the second-stage plate-type air preheater (7) is connected with the inlet of the bin heating sleeve (2) through a pipeline, the outlet of the bin heating sleeve (2) is connected with the inlet of the third-stage jacketed air preheater (4) through a pipeline, the outlet of the third-stage jacketed air preheater (4) is connected with the inlet of the carbon powder burner (3) through a pipeline, the biomass bin (12) is positioned in the bin, and the biomass bin (12) is designed to be open, a stirrer (15) is arranged at the central position of the biomass bin (12), the outlet of the biomass bin (12) is connected with the inlet of the screw feeder (14), the outlet of the screw feeder (14) is connected with the inlet of the biomass pyrolysis reactor (5), the outlet of the biomass pyrolysis reactor (5) is connected with the inlet of the gas-solid cyclone separator (8), the gas outlet at the upper part of the gas-solid cyclone separator (8) is connected with the inlet of the metal filter (16), the outlet of the metal filter (16) is connected with the inlet of the rapid condensation system (9), the solid outlet at the lower part of the gas-solid cyclone separator (8) is connected on a pipeline between the outlet of the three-stage jacketed air preheater (4) and the inlet of the carbon powder burner (3), the upper outlet of the rapid condensation system (9) is connected with the inlet of the second fan (10 b), the outlet of the second fan (10 b) is connected with the inlet of the plate-type nitrogen preheater (6), the outlet of the first fan (10 a) is connected with the inlet of the primary tubular air preheater (11), and the outlet of the primary tubular air preheater (11) is connected with the inlet of the secondary plate-type air preheater (7) through a pipeline;

the biomass pyrolysis reactor (5) further comprises a first thermocouple (51 a), a second thermocouple (51 b) and a third thermocouple (51 c), an axial layered track (52), a distributor (53), a honeycomb channel (54), a radial layered cylinder group (55), a pyrolysis reactor inlet pipe (56), a pyrolysis reactor outlet pipe (57) and a layered flow guide plate (58), wherein the first thermocouple (51 a) is installed on a connecting pipeline between an outlet of the plate-type nitrogen preheater (6) and the pyrolysis reactor inlet pipe (56), an outlet of the screw feeder (14) is located in the pyrolysis reactor inlet pipe (56), an outlet of the pyrolysis reactor inlet pipe (56) is connected with an inlet of the distributor (53), an outlet of the distributor (53) is connected with an inlet of the layered flow guide plate (58), and the radial layered cylinder group (55) is composed of a plurality of coaxially installed cylinders, the cylinders are same in height and different in diameter, the second thermocouples (51 b) are installed on the inner side wall surface of the radial layered cylinder group (55), the third thermocouples (51 c) are installed on the outer side wall surface of the radial layered cylinder group (55), the number of layers of guide plates in the layered guide plates (58) is the same as the number of cylinders in the radial layered cylinder group (55) and corresponds to one another, the layered guide plates (58) and the radial layered cylinder group (55) are tangent at the tops, the upper top surface and the lower bottom surface of inner cylinders of the radial layered cylinder group (55) are communicated with a furnace, the radial layered cylinder group (55) is internally provided with an axial layered track (52), the axial layered track (52) is spirally arranged from the top of the radial layered cylinder group (55) to the bottom of the radial layered cylinder group (55) at a certain inclination angle, the axial layered track (52) and the radial layered cylinder group (55) jointly form a honeycomb channel (54), an inlet of the pyrolysis reactor outlet pipe (57) is tangent to the bottom of the radial layered cylinder group (55) and communicated with the honeycomb channel (54), and an outlet of the pyrolysis reactor outlet pipe (57) is connected with an inlet of the gas-solid cyclone separator (8).

2. The low energy consumption biomass liquefaction plant of claim 1, characterized in that: the rapid condensation system (9) further comprises a biomass oil outlet (91), a biomass oil storage tank (92), an atomizing nozzle (93), a condenser body (94), a circulating pump (95), a distribution header (96), an air inlet pipe group (97), a circulating cooling liquid outlet (98) and a heat exchange pipe (99), wherein the air inlet pipe group (97) is connected with an outlet of the metal filter (16) and an inlet of the distribution header (96), an outlet of the distribution header (96) is connected with an inlet of the air inlet pipe group (97), the air inlet pipe group (97) is composed of a plurality of air inlet pipes which are uniformly distributed along the cross section of the condenser body (94), the air inlet pipe group (97) penetrates from the bottom of the condenser body (94) and extends to the inside of the condenser body (94) for a certain distance, the top of the condenser body (94) is connected with a fan (10 b) through a pipeline, the atomizing nozzle (93) is installed at the center position of the upper, the middle position of condenser body (94) installs bio-oil export (91), bio-oil export (91) and bio-oil storage tank (92) are connected, the latter half of condenser body (94) is filled with bio-oil, the distance between the export of bio-oil liquid level and air intake bank (97) is L, condenser body (94) side is close bottom department and installs circulative cooling liquid export (98), inside heat exchange tube (99) were installed in one-level tubular air heater (11), circulative cooling liquid export (98) are connected through the entry linkage of pipeline with heat exchange tube (99), the export of heat exchange tube (99) is connected with circulating pump (95) through the pipeline, the export of circulating pump (95) is connected through the entry linkage of pipeline with atomizing nozzle (93).