CN109150332A - A kind of device and method using vector harmonic prediction amount passive intermodulation - Google Patents
A kind of device and method using vector harmonic prediction amount passive intermodulation Download PDFInfo
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- CN109150332A CN109150332A CN201810840282.4A CN201810840282A CN109150332A CN 109150332 A CN109150332 A CN 109150332A CN 201810840282 A CN201810840282 A CN 201810840282A CN 109150332 A CN109150332 A CN 109150332A
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- duplexer
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- power amplifier
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
- H04B17/30—Monitoring; Testing of propagation channels
- H04B17/309—Measuring or estimating channel quality parameters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
- H04B17/30—Monitoring; Testing of propagation channels
- H04B17/382—Monitoring; Testing of propagation channels for resource allocation, admission control or handover
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
- H04L5/14—Two-way operation using the same type of signal, i.e. duplex
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of devices using vector harmonic prediction amount passive intermodulation characterized by comprising signal source；Power amplifier；Duplexer one；Duplexer two.Another technical solution of the invention there is provided a kind of method using vector harmonic prediction amount passive intermodulation based on above-mentioned apparatus.Due to only needing a signal generator and a power amplifier, the simple advantage of single carrier device provided by the invention is clearly.And since undesired signal synthesizes, the 3dB power loss compared to traditional intermodulation testing is improved, therefore signal generator and power amplifier only need the half of former power.There is huge frequency interval between carrier wave and triple-frequency harmonics, the diplexer structure used in device provided by the invention is also available to be significantly simplified.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of using the device of vector harmonic prediction amount passive intermodulation and based on the premeasuring of the device
The method of passive intermodulation.
Background technique
Passive intermodulation is commonly referred to as when two or more signals are by a transmission path, non-on passive component
The distortion linearly generated.In mobile communication system, mainly third-order intermodulation product is by larger attention, because it is close to transmission
Signal, it is thus possible to frequency acceptance band can be dropped into.In this case, the noise ratio of signal will be lowered, and will affect all numbers
According to transmission rate.Since distortion cannot be filtered out in frequency and technology, it is therefore desirable to higher system stability, so to use up
Amount avoids the generation of passive intermodulation.
For this purpose, all components in modern mobile communcations system require to design minimum PIM (passive intermodulation) rank,
And it must be tested.It additionally needs to be tested at the scene, to ensure correct installation and the connection between all components.
Testing standard presses IEC62037-1, power of the usually used+43dBm as test signal.
Fig. 1 is most common dual carrier test schematic, and two sinusoidal signals are generated by signal source and put through power amplifier
Greatly, then by the combining of 3dB electric bridge to same port it exports.Isolator increases the isolation of each input port effectively to avoid generation
Intermodulation is reversely amplified by power amplifier.Electric bridge is combined two-way carrier power, and the power of half is supported suction by a port
It receives and is converted into heat.The other half power is by another port into duplexer to measurement port.It is connected in measurement port
The inter-modulated signal that measured piece DUT is generated forwardly and rearwardly is transmitted, the duplexer at the reflection received end of signal that measured piece DUT is generated
It can then be measured by instruments such as frequency spectrographs.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is: be reduced to avoid the generation of passive intermodulation and the test macro built.Of the invention is another
A purpose is: simplifying testing process.
In order to achieve the above object, a technical solution of the invention there is provided it is a kind of using vector harmonic prediction amount without
The device of source intermodulation characterized by comprising
Signal source, for only generating a sinusoidal signal；
Power amplifier, the sinusoidal signal for generating signal source are amplified to the power of respective magnitudes, form carrier wave letter
Number；
Duplexer one, the input terminal of duplexer one are connected with the output end of power amplifier, the load of power amplifier output
The triple-frequency harmonics of wave signal is input to vector test equipment, power amplification by the output end one of duplexer one as reference signal
The output end two that the carrier signal of device output also passes through duplexer one is input to duplexer two；
Duplexer two, the input terminal of duplexer two are connected with the output end two of duplexer one, the test lead of duplexer two with
Measured piece is connected, the output end connected vector test equipment of duplexer two, after carrier signal inputs duplexer two by input terminal,
It is sent to measured piece via test lead, after the reflection signal that measured piece generates feeds back to duplexer two via test lead, by duplex
Device two send the triple-frequency harmonics for reflecting signal to vector test equipment by output end.
Preferably, the vector test equipment is vector network analyzer.
Another technical solution of the invention there is provided a kind of based on above-mentioned apparatus using vector harmonic prediction amount without
The method of source intermodulation, which comprises the following steps:
Step 1, the power that the sinusoidal signal that signal source generates is amplified to respective magnitudes by power amplifier are formed and are carried
Wave signal；
Step 2, carrier signal input duplexer one, by duplexer one using the triple-frequency harmonics of carrier signal as reference signal
It is assigned to vector test equipment, meanwhile, carrier signal is assigned to duplexer two by duplexer one；
The carrier signal received is assigned to measured piece via test lead by step 3, duplexer two, and measured piece generates anti-
It penetrates after signal feeds back to duplexer two via test lead, the triple-frequency harmonics for reflecting signal is assigned to vector test by duplexer two
Equipment；
Step 4, vector test equipment compare the width of the triple-frequency harmonics and the triple-frequency harmonics as reference signal of reflection signal
Measured signal is determined after degree and phase.
Due to only needing a signal generator and a power amplifier, single carrier device provided by the invention is easy
Advantage is clearly.And since undesired signal synthesizes, the 3dB power loss compared to traditional intermodulation testing is changed
It is kind, therefore signal generator and power amplifier only need the half of former power.Have between carrier wave and triple-frequency harmonics huge
Frequency interval, the diplexer structure used in device provided by the invention is also available to be significantly simplified.Tradition uses dual carrier
The device of measurement then needs cavity type filter, and with very precipitous edge inhibition, and single carrier of the invention measures dress
Setting the duplexer used can be achieved with micro-band technique, and the latter possesses low cost, compact-sized advantage.
The present invention but makes it possible simpler measurement amplitude and phase despite single carrier device.And the present invention
Instrument can also be divided by similar calibration vector net to calibrate.Measuring process is described as follows: the amplitude and phase measured can pass through Fu
Sharp leaf transformation provides all non-linear distributions in the time and space in measured body DUT.The swept bandwidth of triple-frequency harmonics is three times in
The swept bandwidth of carrier signal.
Due to the difference of harmonic wave and intermodulation in frequency, the present invention cannot be used for measurement narrowband product, such as: filter.So
And for band transmission path, the present invention has the advantages that scanning strip is roomy, to improve the spatial resolution of time domain measurement
With the selectivity of gate (gating function) function.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is dual carrier intermodulation testing schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is the theoretical test schematic that triple-frequency harmonics is measured using vector network analyzer；
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram for being actually used in measurement method experimental verification；
Fig. 4 is the test result a that -130dBc intermodulation standard component is measured using single carrier principle；
Fig. 5 A and Fig. 5 B are the result for possessing the transmission line of 2 strong nonlinearity points using TDR measurement method measurement；
Fig. 6 A and Fig. 6 B are to remove a non-linear point and the measurement result using gate control function (gating), Fig. 5 A, figure
In 5B, Fig. 6 A and Fig. 6 B, 1:2.400000000GHz, -20.204dB, 2:2.500080000GHz, -20.837dB, 3:
2.600160000GHz, -21.564dB, 4:2.688000000GHz, -21.560dB.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the present invention more obvious and understandable, hereby with preferred embodiment, and attached drawing is cooperated to be described in detail below.
Assuming that there is a single port device, his two sinusoidal signals are equal amplitude, and frequency is respectively f1And f2.One
There is following relationship between the voltage and current of a port:
I (t)=f (u (t)) (1)
Enabling pumping signal is:
In formula (2),Indicate input voltage amplitude.
Taylor series expansion is substituted into formula (1) and is obtained:
I (t)=k0+k1u(t)+k2u2(t)+k3u3(t)+k4u4(t)+… (3)
In formula (3),And n ∈ N0, f(n)(0) the n order derivative of f (0), N are indicated0Indicate natural number.
Third harmonic and third-order intermodulation product mainly appear on the Section 4 in taylor series expansion.In following calculating
In due to knIt is usually reduced rapidly with the increase of n, it is possible to ignore influence of the higher order term to third-order intermodulation product.Most
In number situation, this is also enough can be real, usually there is than third-order intermodulation product Section 6 in product, that is, formula (3) of fifth order intermodulation
The range of decrease of tens dB.
According to this approximation it can be seen that Section 2 k1U (t) is by primary carrier f1And f2Composition, Section 3 k2u2(t) by carrier wave |
f1±f2| and 2f1And 2f2Composition, Section 4 k3u3(t) it is unfolded as follows:
Third-order intermodulation product | 2f1±f2| and | 2f2±f1| possess and is three times in triple-frequency harmonics 3f1And 3f2Amplitude.Due to being
Voltage ratio, the difference of performance number are 9.54dB.If closing second carrier wave f at this time2, then formula (4) are as follows:
The amplitude preservation of triple-frequency harmonics is constant.The width of third-order intermodulation product can be effectively predicted by measuring this range value
Value.
It is provided by the invention a kind of pre- using vector harmonic wave based on the research of the above-mentioned applicability for passive intermodulation prediction
Measure the device of passive intermodulation, comprising:
Signal source Source, for only generating a sinusoidal signal；
Power amplifier PA, the sinusoidal signal for generating signal source Source are amplified to the power of respective magnitudes, such as
43dBm forms carrier signal；
The input terminal of one Diplexer No.1 of duplexer, one Diplexer No.1 of duplexer are defeated with power amplifier PA's
Outlet is connected, and the triple-frequency harmonics of the carrier signal of power amplifier PA output passes through one Diplexer of duplexer as reference signal
The output end one of No.1 is input to vector test equipment Receiver, and the carrier signal of power amplifier PA output also passes through duplex
The output end two of one Diplexer No.1 of device is input to two Diplexer No.2 of duplexer；
The input terminal and one Diplexer of duplexer of two Diplexer No.2 of duplexer, two Diplexer No.2 of duplexer
The output end two of No.1 is connected, and the test lead Testport of two Diplexer No.2 of duplexer is connected with measured piece DUT, duplex
The output end connected vector test equipment Receiver of two Diplexer No.2 of device, carrier signal input duplex by input terminal
After two Diplexer No.2 of device, measured piece DUT, the reflection signal that measured piece DUT is generated are sent to via test lead Testport
After feeding back to two Diplexer No.2 of duplexer via test lead Testport, it will be reflected by two Diplexer No.2 of duplexer
The triple-frequency harmonics of signal is sent via low-noise amplifier LNA to vector test equipment Receiver by output end.
The method using vector harmonic prediction amount passive intermodulation based on above-mentioned apparatus the following steps are included:
Step 1, the function that the signal source Source sinusoidal signal generated is amplified to respective magnitudes by power amplifier PA
Rate forms carrier signal；
Step 2, carrier signal input one Diplexer No.1 of duplexer, by one Diplexer No.1 of duplexer by carrier wave
The triple-frequency harmonics of signal is assigned to vector test equipment Receiver as reference signal, meanwhile, one Diplexer of duplexer
Carrier signal is assigned to two Diplexer No.2 of duplexer by No.1；
The carrier signal received is assigned to by step 3, two Diplexer No.2 of duplexer via test lead Testport
The reflection signal that measured piece DUT, measured piece DUT are generated feeds back to two Diplexer of duplexer via test lead Testport
After No.2, the triple-frequency harmonics for reflecting signal is assigned to vector test equipment Receiver by two Diplexer No.2 of duplexer；
Step 4, vector test equipment Receiver compare reflection signal triple-frequency harmonics with as reference signal three times
Measured signal is determined after the amplitude and phase of harmonic wave.
Fig. 3 is improved-type measuring principle figure, can evaluate and test the accuracy of single carrier measurement.Carrier signal is by vector network point
Analyzer VNA is generated, and reference signal and measuring signal are also obtained by the recipient of vector network analyzer VNA.Vector network analysis
Instrument VNA when measuring pays attention to that hybrid measurement mode should be selected, and receives frequency and be set as being three times in source signal frequency.Second double
The output port of work device should select 7-16 connector to increase the accuracy of measurement as far as possible.
To obtain accurate and significant measurement result, vector network analyzer VNA using when need to correct systematic error.
Calibration is completed using SSL technology.Use PIM standard component as short-circuit (short).The mutual tone pitch of the standard component used be-
113dBc (test uses 20 watts of power of dual carrier).In addition creating biasing short-circuit (offset short) is before
One section of transmission line is connected before PIM standard component, length should be the centre frequency quarter-wave within the scope of third harmonic frequencies.
Transmission line is physically made of integrated outer conductor and integrated inner conductor, with obtain alap mutual tone pitch avoid compared with
The generation of big error.
In addition, short-circuit (short) and biasing short-circuit (offset short) can be assumed with almost equal amplitude, but
There is different phases on the frequency band assessed.The production of matched load standard component (match) is loaded in the low intermodulation of tradition
On the basis of optimization obtain, test value is not lower than 175dBc (test uses dual carrier 20W power).
SSL has been used to the calibration procedure of vector network analyzer.After the completion of verification measurement result be shown as from 2.4 to
The S11 parameter of 2.69GHz.Reference levels 0dB refers to the mutual level-off of the PIM for calibration standard, i.e. -113dBc.
When one of domain-functionalities it is outstanding be characterized in show by gate control function (gating) it is a certain in transmission path
The state of specific region.
From the angle for simplifying measuring device, had using the measurement broadband component intermodulation of triple-frequency harmonics measurement method important
Meaning.Measuring device and required element are more much simpler than dual carrier measurement method.
When phase information is also calculated, can be obtained by possessing the quasi- TDR measuring technique of high-resolution than double
Carrier wave measures more accurate measurement result.
By multiple dual carrier and single carrier measurement of the invention, it may be determined that two kinds of measurement method acquired results it is consistent
Property.Measuring measured piece DUT is an intermodulation standard component.It is transferred on conventional dual carrier GSM1800 intermodulation instrument first
Particular value, it is rear to test GSM900 frequency range, then tested on single carrier instrument with same process again.
First time dual carrier test when, range of the intermodulation standard component in GSM1800 is transferred to -130dBc, after
- 136dBc is measured on the instrument of GSM900.This measurement difference may be defined as the capacitive coupling in intermodulation standard component in lower frequency
When it is on the weak side.
Then Fig. 4 is seen using the result that single carrier is tested.Measured value has been increased by 113dBc in dB value.Therefore, single
The result of carrier wave measurement is being should be in frequency range between -133dBc to -135dBc.The minute differences measured above with single carrier
AGC (automatic growth control automatic gain control) and measurement device can be construed to lack on frequency domain
The difference of insertion loss.And these functions are used in both in dual carrier measuring instrument, so difference on frequency domain is also just very
It is small.
Measured piece DUT is adjusted to other several groups mutual tone pitches again and repeats above step test, as a result see the table below:
It can be seen that single carrier and the result of dual carrier method test have a good consistency in GSM900 frequency range, but
The result of GSM1800 frequency range is but very big.This is because single carrier measuring signal frequency range is that 800MHz to 896MHz connects very much
Nearly GSM900 frequency range.The difference of the amplitude 9.54dB discussed before does not occur here, the reason is that system error correction is by it
Place to go.Here it should be noted that the measurement result of last column contains many uncertainties, this is because dual carrier is tested
The remnants of loading, which make an uproar at the mutual bottom for reconciling single carrier device, has very big influence to measurement result in the case where this level is horizontal.
Single carrier measuring device provides the amplitude of triple-frequency harmonics and the information of phase, therefore can pass through the punctual domain of VNA
Function measures.Wherein, Fourier transformation is applied to the amplitude measurement on frequency domain, and phase given it is non-thread in a time domain
Property spatial distribution (to the transmission path of non-dispersive).It is the measurement of the intermodulation standard component of two -113dBc in Fig. 5 A and Fig. 5 B
As a result, being connected among them with 5 meters long 1/2 inch super soft wire jumper, first standard component is connect in test port, and second close to excellent
Change load side.Fig. 5 A is the distribution situation (time domain) of intermodulation generating source spatially, and Fig. 5 B is two intermodulation sources on frequency domain
It is overlapped mutually and offsets.As expected, superposition of two intermodulation sources in phase is produced than the general knot that 6dB is mutually turned up
Fruit.
The very effective function of time domain is the specific region shown under transmission path using gate control function.Fig. 6 A is exactly
Use the result for the single carrier harmonic wave that this function measures.Transmission path before or, only eliminates the standard of test port
Part leaves the direct-connected of wire jumper and test port.It can be seen that first intermodulation source almost disappears in spatial distribution, only stay
The protrusion of lower very little.This small protrusion be wire jumper connect with test port generate it is small non-linear.Second peak is still
The about 0dB (- 113dBc) that intermodulation standard component before being generates.Fig. 6 B is obtained in first segment junction using gate control function
Frequency domain response.It can be seen that the strong nonlinearity in transmission path be gated function filter out it is very good, and obtain one about-
The measurement result of 160dBc, this is exactly the nonlinear actual value of test port and wire jumper junction.In the low side and height of frequency domain
End amplitude is all increasing, this is because the effect that filter weakens in the filter effect of sideband.However it can be by assessment frequency band
The method of center value obtains the mutual tone pitch of realistic meaning.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of device using vector harmonic prediction amount passive intermodulation characterized by comprising
Signal source, for only generating a sinusoidal signal；
Power amplifier, the sinusoidal signal for generating signal source are amplified to the power of respective magnitudes, form carrier signal；
Duplexer one, the input terminal of duplexer one are connected with the output end of power amplifier, the carrier wave letter of power amplifier output
Number triple-frequency harmonics vector test equipment is input to by the output end one of duplexer one as reference signal, power amplifier is defeated
The output end two that carrier signal out also passes through duplexer one is input to duplexer two；
Duplexer two, the input terminal of duplexer two are connected with the output end two of duplexer one, the test lead of duplexer two and tested
Part is connected, the output end connected vector test equipment of duplexer two, after carrier signal inputs duplexer two by input terminal, via
Test lead is sent to measured piece, after the reflection signal that measured piece generates feeds back to duplexer two via test lead, by duplexer two
The triple-frequency harmonics for reflecting signal is sent by output end to vector test equipment.
2. a kind of device using vector harmonic prediction amount passive intermodulation as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the arrow
Amount test equipment is vector network analyzer.
3. a kind of method using vector harmonic prediction amount passive intermodulation based on claim 1 described device, which is characterized in that
The following steps are included:
Step 1, the power that the sinusoidal signal that signal source generates is amplified to respective magnitudes by power amplifier form carrier wave letter
Number；
Step 2, carrier signal input duplexer one, are distributed by duplexer one using the triple-frequency harmonics of carrier signal as reference signal
To vector test equipment, meanwhile, carrier signal is assigned to duplexer two by duplexer one；
The carrier signal received is assigned to measured piece via test lead by step 3, duplexer two, the reflection letter that measured piece generates
After number feeding back to duplexer two via test lead, the triple-frequency harmonics for reflecting signal is assigned to vector test by duplexer two and is set
It is standby；
Step 4, vector test equipment compare reflection signal triple-frequency harmonics with as reference signal triple-frequency harmonics amplitude and
Measured signal is determined after phase.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111693777A (en) * | 2020-04-29 | 2020-09-22 | 杭州电子科技大学 | Duplexer-based high-frequency multiple harmonic impedance synthesis testing device and method |
| CN113783632A (en) * | 2021-09-14 | 2021-12-10 | 福建星海通信科技有限公司 | Device and method for quantitatively measuring nonlinearity of passive device |
| CN116595368A (en) * | 2023-05-16 | 2023-08-15 | 北京航空航天大学 | Nonlinear modeling-based power amplifier harmonic prediction method |
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| CN106788784A (en) * | 2015-11-25 | 2017-05-31 | 西安交通大学 | Dynamic passive intermodulation reference signal generator |
| CN107124233A (en) * | 2017-04-19 | 2017-09-01 | 西安空间无线电技术研究所 | A kind of use electric bridge filter joint realizes the device and method of broadband passive intermodulation measurement |
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| CN201323586Y (en) * | 2008-12-31 | 2009-10-07 | 徐兆东 | Passive intermodulation testing system |
| CN104101807A (en) * | 2014-07-22 | 2014-10-15 | 中国电子科技集团公司第四十一研究所 | Self intermodulation inhibition method for transmission passive intermodulation (PIM) test |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111693777A (en) * | 2020-04-29 | 2020-09-22 | 杭州电子科技大学 | Duplexer-based high-frequency multiple harmonic impedance synthesis testing device and method |
| CN113783632A (en) * | 2021-09-14 | 2021-12-10 | 福建星海通信科技有限公司 | Device and method for quantitatively measuring nonlinearity of passive device |
| CN113783632B (en) * | 2021-09-14 | 2024-04-05 | 福建星海通信科技有限公司 | Device and method for quantitatively measuring nonlinearity of passive device |
| CN116595368A (en) * | 2023-05-16 | 2023-08-15 | 北京航空航天大学 | Nonlinear modeling-based power amplifier harmonic prediction method |
| CN116595368B (en) * | 2023-05-16 | 2024-01-26 | 北京航空航天大学 | Nonlinear modeling-based power amplifier harmonic prediction method |
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