CN109148941B - 一种高安全锂离子电池及针刺方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种高安全锂离子电池,包括电池外壳,所述电池外壳内设有裸电芯,所述裸电芯外包裹有保护壳,所述保护壳包括内侧极板和外侧极板,所述内侧极板和外侧极板之间均布有平板电容器,所述内侧极板与裸电芯紧密接触,所述外侧极板与电池外壳接触,所述内侧极板和外侧极板相互绝缘不导通。本发明在裸电芯外层加装一层保护壳,该保护壳可以在电池被针刺后,快速吸收大量电流,减少电池发热量,降低电池温度,避免了有机电解液等可燃物的燃烧,保证电池不起火、不爆炸。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及锂离子电池技术领域,具体涉及一种高安全锂离子电池及针刺方法。
背景技术
目前电池体系主要分为三元和铁锂,随着能量密度的要求的提高,三元逐渐成为主流,高镍材料811应用越来越多,但是三元材料本身热稳定性差,受热分解释放氧气,表面温度可达600℃以上,易燃烧,能量密度越高,安全性越差,三元电池很难通过针刺测试,目前电解液为可燃的有机溶剂,进一步降低了安全系数。
为了提高三元体系电池安全性能,保证电池在受到针刺等外力破坏时不起火、不爆炸,目前主要通过材料改性和阻燃电解液来提高三元电池安全性能,提高材料结构高温稳定性、降低电解液可燃性,保证电池在针刺时不起火、不爆炸,提高电池针刺安全性能。但是采用材料改性,主要采用掺杂和包覆,这会影响材料本身克容量发挥、锂离子扩散系数,进而影响电池性能;采用阻燃电解液会降低电解液电导率,影响电池倍率,采用上述方法会带来电池性能的下降。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服上述不足,提供了一种高安全锂离子电池及针刺方法,在电芯外层加装一层保护壳,在电池针刺后,可以快速释放电流,吸收热量,大幅减少产生的热量,保证电池不起火、不爆炸,通过安全测试。
本发明的目的是这样实现的:
一种高安全锂离子电池,包括电池外壳,所述电池外壳内设有裸电芯,所述裸电芯外包裹有保护壳,所述保护壳包括内侧极板和外侧极板,所述内侧极板和外侧极板之间均布有平板电容器,所述内侧极板与裸电芯紧密接触,所述外侧极板与电池外壳接触,所述内侧极板和外侧极板相互绝缘不导通。
优选的,所述平板电容器不带电,所述平板电容器的两端分别与内侧极板、外侧极板导通。
优选的,所述内侧极板和外侧极板均为导电金属板。
一种高安全锂离子电池的针刺方法,采用上述电池,包括以下步骤:
电池充满电后将金属针刺物依次刺穿保护壳的外侧极板和内侧极板,通过金属针刺物将内、外侧极板导通;然后再将金属针刺物刺穿电池,电池内短路,产生的大量电流通过金属针刺物传输到平板电容器,被平板电容器快速吸收。
本发明的有益效果是:
本发明在裸电芯外层加装一层保护壳,该保护壳可以在电池被针刺后,快速吸收大量电流,减少电池发热量,降低电池温度,避免了有机电解液等可燃物的燃烧,保证电池不起火、不爆炸。
附图说明
图1为本发明的结构示意图。
其中:裸电芯1;内侧极板2;外侧极板3;平板电容器4。
实施方式
参见图1,本发明涉及一种高安全锂离子电池,包括电池外壳,所述电池外壳内设有裸电芯1,所述裸电芯1外包裹有保护壳,所述保护壳包括内侧极板2和外侧极板3,所述内侧极板2和外侧极板3之间均布有平板电容器4,所述内侧极板2与裸电芯1紧密接触,所述外侧极板3与电池外壳接触,保证套有保护壳的裸电芯正常入壳,然后烘烤、注液、化成分容完成制作电池,所述内侧极板2和外侧极板3相互绝缘不导通,所述外侧极板3与电池外壳绝缘。
所述平板电容器4不带电,所述平板电容器4的两端分别与内侧极板2、外侧极板3导通。
所述内侧极板2和外侧极板3均为导电金属板。
一种高安全锂离子电池的针刺方法,采用上述电池,包括以下步骤:
电池充满电后将金属针刺物依次刺穿保护壳的外侧极板和内侧极板,通过金属针刺物将内、外侧极板导通;然后再将金属针刺物刺穿电池,电池内短路,产生的大量电流通过金属针刺物传输到平板电容器,被平板电容器快速吸收。
实施例1:对三元2714891-45Ah电池进行包裹保护壳,保护壳的内侧极板和外侧极板均采用铜板,满充进行针刺,测量表面温度为210℃,不起火,不爆炸,大大提高了电池针刺的安全性能。
除上述实施例外,本发明还包括有其他实施方式,凡采用等同变换或者等效替换方式形成的技术方案,均应落入本发明权利要求的保护范围之内。
Claims (4)
1.一种高安全锂离子电池,其特征在于:包括电池外壳,所述电池外壳内设有裸电芯(1),所述裸电芯(1)外包裹有保护壳,所述保护壳包括内侧极板(2)和外侧极板(3),所述内侧极板(2)和外侧极板(3)之间均布有平板电容器(4),所述内侧极板(2)与裸电芯(1)紧密接触,所述外侧极板(3)与电池外壳接触,所述内侧极板(2)和外侧极板(3)相互绝缘不导通。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种高安全锂离子电池,其特征在于:所述平板电容器(4)不带电,所述平板电容器(4)的两端分别与内侧极板(2)、外侧极板(3)导通。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种高安全锂离子电池,其特征在于:所述内侧极板(2)和外侧极板(3)均为导电金属板。
4.一种高安全锂离子电池的针刺方法,其特征在于:采用权利要求1-3之一所述的电池,包括以下步骤:
电池充满电后将金属针刺物依次刺穿保护壳的外侧极板和内侧极板,通过金属针刺物将内、外侧极板导通;然后再将金属针刺物刺穿电池,电池内短路,产生的大量电流通过金属针刺物传输到平板电容器,被平板电容器快速吸收。
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CN206894296U (zh) * | 2017-06-22 | 2018-01-16 | 康平楠 | 一种超级电容移动电源 |
CN107275637A (zh) * | 2017-07-19 | 2017-10-20 | 汤恭年 | 更迭充电式铅酸蓄电池 |
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