CN109148916B - Thermal drive fuel cell system - Google Patents
Thermal drive fuel cell system Download PDFInfo
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- CN109148916B CN109148916B CN201811029138.9A CN201811029138A CN109148916B CN 109148916 B CN109148916 B CN 109148916B CN 201811029138 A CN201811029138 A CN 201811029138A CN 109148916 B CN109148916 B CN 109148916B
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- fuel cell
- fuel
- heat
- structural unit
- cell system
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of heat pipes, and discloses a heat-driven fuel cell system which comprises a heat-driven structural unit and a fuel cell unit, wherein the heat-driven structural unit utilizes external heat to push fuel to be transported to the fuel cell unit, the fuel cell unit receives and utilizes the fuel to generate electricity, and a fuel outlet of the heat-driven structural unit is connected with a fuel inlet of the fuel cell through a first pipeline. The thermal drive fuel cell system drives the fuel supply of the fuel cell by utilizing the heat of the external environment through the thermal drive structural unit without arranging an additional pump valve structure or consuming additional energy for fuel supply, thereby effectively solving the problems of low fuel supply efficiency of the passive fuel cell, extremely easy influence of the external environment on the performance, lower overall energy efficiency of the active fuel cell and high microminiaturization difficulty.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of thermal management, and particularly relates to a thermal drive fuel cell system.
Background
The fuel cell is a device for directly converting chemical energy into electric energy, has the advantages of high energy density and energy conversion efficiency, convenient operation, small environmental pollution and the like, is considered as an important component of future clean energy together with solar energy, wind energy and the like, and is a research hotspot in the field of new energy nowadays.
The fuel cell is divided from the fuel composition, and the fuel cell comprises different types such as an alcohol fuel cell and a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell; the fuel cell system is classified into an active fuel cell system and a passive (self-breathing) fuel cell system. Different types of fuel cells have different characteristics and are suitable for different application occasions. Specifically, the active fuel cell has higher fuel supply efficiency and thus higher output performance, and the fuel supply is less affected by the outside. However, the structure of the pump, the valve, etc. attached to the active fuel cell consumes extra electric energy and volume space, which makes the overall energy efficiency of the active fuel cell low and difficult to be miniaturized. The passive fuel cell does not need auxiliary structures such as a pump and a valve, realizes fuel supply only by means of gravity and diffusion, has a simple structure, and is a preferred scheme of a microminiature fuel cell. However, the passive fuel cell has low fuel supply efficiency and is highly susceptible to external environment, which makes the output performance of the passive fuel cell often poor.
Therefore, research and improvement on a fuel supply system of the active fuel cell are needed, the working mechanism of the low-reaction-activity fuel cell which generally adopts an active pump and a valve to control the transportation of methanol fuel in the prior art is overturned, and the limitation that components such as the pump and the valve are difficult to integrate and the like on the improvement of the performance of the micro fuel cell is eliminated. On the other hand, as electronic devices and energy systems are rapidly developed in the direction of light weight, miniaturization, and high integration, the heat flux density and temperature in the systems are rapidly increased. Generally, the problems of resistance increase, insulation performance reduction of transformer and choke coil materials, change of welding spot alloy structure, transistor element failure and the like caused by high temperature seriously affect the reliability and service life of a system and a core device, so that the problems of heat dissipation and cooling of the device and heat management of the system become one of bottleneck problems restricting the development of electronic devices and energy systems.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a thermal drive fuel cell system, wherein a thermal drive structural unit drives the fuel supply of a fuel cell by utilizing the heat of the external environment, an additional pump valve structure is not required to be arranged or additional energy is not required to be consumed for supplying the fuel, and the problems of low fuel supply efficiency, extremely high performance influence of the external environment of a passive fuel cell, low overall energy efficiency and high miniaturization difficulty of an active fuel cell are effectively solved.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the embodiment of the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a thermal driving fuel cell system comprises a thermal driving structural unit and a fuel cell unit, wherein the thermal driving structural unit utilizes external heat to push fuel to be transported to the fuel cell unit, the fuel cell unit receives and utilizes the fuel to generate electricity, and a fuel outlet of the thermal driving structural unit is connected with a fuel inlet of a fuel cell through a first pipeline.
Further, the heat driving structure unit absorbs external heat and converts the external heat into latent heat of phase change of the fuel to promote fuel delivery.
Further, the fuel input port of the heat driving structural unit is closed, and the fuel output port of the fuel cell is opened.
Further, the heat driving structure unit comprises one or more evaporator structures, and the evaporator structures comprise loop heat pipe loops or capillary pump loops.
Further, when the evaporator structure comprises a loop heat pipe loop, the loop heat pipe loop comprises: the evaporator comprises a heating surface, heating teeth and a steam chamber, wherein the heating surface is positioned at the bottom end of the inner part of the hollow shell, the heating teeth and the steam chamber are arranged above the heating surface, and a capillary core layer is arranged above the heating teeth and the steam chamber.
Furthermore, the heating teeth are parallel and uniformly distributed on the heating surface, and a steam channel is formed between the adjacent heating teeth.
Furthermore, one end of the steam channel is fixed on the side wall of the hollow cavity, and the steam chamber is arranged at the other end of the steam channel.
Furthermore, the steam chamber is provided with a first through hole, and the first through hole is used for outputting gaseous working medium.
Further, the fuel cell unit comprises a liquid storage cavity and a membrane electrode positioned below the liquid storage cavity, and the membrane electrode is connected with a control system through a lead.
Furthermore, a second pipeline is arranged between the fuel inlet of the thermal driving structural unit and the fuel outlet of the fuel cell, a gas-liquid separator is arranged on the second pipeline, and the gas outlet of the gas-liquid separator is opened.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
the invention provides a heat-driven fuel cell system, which comprises a heat-driven structural unit and a fuel cell unit, wherein the heat-driven structural unit utilizes external heat to push fuel to be transported to the fuel cell unit, the fuel cell unit receives and utilizes the fuel to generate electricity, and a fuel outlet of the heat-driven structural unit is connected with a fuel inlet of a fuel cell through a first pipeline. The thermal drive fuel cell system drives the fuel supply of the fuel cell by utilizing the heat of the external environment through the thermal drive structural unit without arranging an additional pump valve structure or consuming additional energy for fuel supply, thereby effectively solving the problems of low fuel supply efficiency of the passive fuel cell, extremely easy influence of the external environment on the performance, lower overall energy efficiency of the active fuel cell and high microminiaturization difficulty.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a thermal driving fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a heat-drive structural unit in a heat-drive fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a fuel cell unit in a thermal driving fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of another thermal fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
wherein: 1. a thermal drive structural unit; 11. a fuel outlet of the heat-driving structural unit; 12. a fuel input port of the heat flooding structural unit; 13. a loop heat pipe; 131. a hollow housing; 132. an evaporator; 133. a heated surface; 134. heating the teeth; 135. an evaporation chamber; 136. a capillary core layer; 137. a steam channel; 138. a first through hole; 139. a liquid storage cavity; 140. a cover plate; 2. a fuel cell unit; 22. a fuel outlet of the fuel cell unit; 21. a fuel input of the fuel cell unit; 23. a liquid storage cavity; 24. a membrane electrode; 25. a wire; 26. a control system; 3. a first conduit; 4. a second conduit; 5. a gas-liquid separator; 51. and a gas outlet.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In addition, the term "and/or" herein is only one kind of association relationship describing an associated object, and means that there may be three kinds of relationships, for example, a and/or B, which may mean: a exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone. In addition, the character "/" herein generally indicates that the former and latter related objects are in an "or" relationship.
As shown in fig. 1, the embodiment of the present invention provides a thermal driving fuel cell system, which includes a thermal driving structural unit 1 and a fuel cell unit 2, wherein the thermal driving structural unit 1 uses external heat to drive fuel transportation, the fuel cell unit 2 receives and uses the fuel to generate electricity, and a fuel output port 11 of the thermal driving structural unit is connected to a fuel input port 21 of the fuel cell through a first pipe 3.
The heat driving structure unit 1 absorbs external heat and converts the external heat into latent heat of phase change of fuel to promote fuel transportation. The typical connection of the heat-driving structural unit 1 and the fuel cell 2 is as follows: the fuel outlet 11 of the thermal driving structural unit 1 is connected with the fuel inlet 21 of the fuel cell 2 through the first pipeline 3, the fuel inlet 12 of the thermal driving structural unit is in a closed state, and the fuel outlet 22 of the fuel cell is in an open state.
Preferably, the heat driving structure unit 1 comprises one or more evaporator structures, and the evaporator structures comprise a loop heat pipe loop or a capillary pump loop, which absorbs external heat and converts the external heat into latent heat of phase change of fuel, thereby promoting the transportation of the fuel.
The specific working principle is as follows: taking a fuel cell as a direct methanol fuel cell as an example, the thermal driving structure unit 1 absorbs external heat and converts the external heat into phase change latent heat of liquid methanol inside the thermal driving structure unit, and after the liquid methanol is heated and changes phase into methanol vapor, the volume of the liquid methanol rapidly expands, and the liquid methanol enters the fuel cell unit 2 through the first pipeline 3 from the fuel outlet 11 of the thermal driving structure unit. In the fuel cell unit 2, the methanol vapor and the oxygen in the air undergo an oxidation-reduction reaction to generate carbon dioxide and water, the generated water further dissolves more methanol vapor to form a methanol solution, thereby avoiding waste caused by direct discharge of methanol through the fuel outlet of the fuel cell, and the generated carbon dioxide is directly discharged to the external environment through the fuel outlet 22 of the fuel cell.
The thermal drive fuel cell system utilizes external heat to directly drive the fuel of the fuel cell to transport, effectively solves the problems that the passive fuel cell has low fuel supply efficiency and the performance is very easy to be influenced by the external environment, and solves the problems that the overall efficiency of the system is low and the system is difficult to be miniaturized due to the pump valve structure of the active fuel cell.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 2, when the evaporator structure includes the loop heat pipe loop 13, the loop heat pipe loop 13 includes: the evaporator 132 comprises a heating surface 133 positioned at the bottom end inside the hollow shell, a heating tooth 134 and a steam chamber 135 arranged above the heating surface 133, a capillary layer 136 arranged above the heating tooth 134 and the steam chamber 135, and the liquid storage chamber 139 comprises a cavity formed by the top surface of the capillary layer 136, the side wall of the hollow shell 131 and a cover plate 140 positioned above the hollow shell.
Preferably, the heating teeth 134 are parallel and uniformly distributed on the heated surface 133, and the steam channel 137 is formed between adjacent heating teeth 134.
Preferably, one end of the steam channel 137 is fixed to the sidewall of the hollow cavity, and the evaporation chamber 135 is disposed at the other end of the steam channel.
Preferably, the evaporation chamber 135 is provided with a first through hole 138, and the first through hole 138 is used for outputting the gaseous working medium.
The specific heat flooding process is as follows: the external heat source heats the heated surface 133 of the loop heat pipe 13 structure, and the heat is conducted to the heating teeth 134 via the heated surface 133, and then reaches the contact surface between the heating teeth 134 and the capillary core layer 136. At the same time, the fuel in the reservoir 139 permeates into the inside of the capillary layer 136 by capillary action, and reaches the contact surface of the heating teeth 134 and the capillary layer 136. At the interface of the heating teeth 134 and the capillary wick layer 136, the fuel absorbs heat and converts to latent heat of phase change, and the vaporized fuel diffuses into the vapor channels 137 between the heating teeth 134 and flows out through the first through-holes. The surface tension of the liquid fuel at the surface of the wick layer 136 ensures that the fuel, after undergoing a phase change, diffuses unidirectionally into the vapor channels 137 and does not diffuse back into the capillary structure. Along with the continuous progress of gas-liquid phase transition process, the fuel working medium is constantly driven out the steam through-hole, accomplishes the fuel and transports.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 3, the fuel cell unit 2 has a function of generating electricity by using fuel, and includes a liquid storage chamber 23, a membrane electrode 24 located below the liquid storage chamber, and the membrane electrode is connected to a control system 26 through a lead 25.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 4, a second pipe 4 is provided between the fuel inlet 12 of the thermal driving structure unit 1 and the fuel outlet 22 of the fuel cell 2, the gas-liquid separator 5 is provided on the second pipe 4, and the gas outlet 51 of the gas-liquid separator 5 is opened. When the water generated by the reaction in the fuel cell is too much or the methanol steam output by the thermal driving structural unit is too much, the liquid methanol or liquid water which is surplus in the reaction is output from the fuel outlet of the fuel cell together with the carbon dioxide generated by the reaction and enters the gas-liquid separator 5.
In the gas-liquid separation device 5, the separated carbon dioxide gas is directly discharged to the external environment through a gas outlet, the residual liquid methanol or liquid water enters the thermal drive structure unit 1 through the second pipeline 4 to complete one cycle, and the liquid methanol or liquid water entering the thermal drive structure unit 1 can continuously undergo phase change under the action of external heat and enters the fuel cell to be repeatedly circulated.
In summary, the present invention provides a thermal driving fuel cell system, which includes a thermal driving structure unit and a fuel cell unit, wherein the thermal driving structure unit uses external heat to push fuel to be transported to the fuel cell unit, the fuel cell unit receives and uses the fuel to generate electricity, and a fuel outlet of the thermal driving structure unit is connected to a fuel inlet of the fuel cell unit through a first pipe. The thermal drive fuel cell system drives the fuel supply of the fuel cell by utilizing the heat of the external environment through the thermal drive structural unit without arranging an additional pump valve structure or consuming additional energy for fuel supply, thereby effectively solving the problems of low fuel supply efficiency of the passive fuel cell, extremely easy influence of the external environment on the performance, lower overall energy efficiency of the active fuel cell and high microminiaturization difficulty. In addition, external heat is converted into fuel transport capacity, and then the fuel cell is driven to generate electricity, so that the method is a brand new heat management system design idea and waste heat power generation idea. For fuel cells that use high energy fuel substances, the fuel cell output power is greater than the external heat flux power required to drive fuel transport, and therefore a "power amplification" effect with output power greater than input power will be achieved. The method has wide application prospect for waste heat power generation.
It is clear to those skilled in the art from the foregoing description of the embodiments that, for convenience and simplicity of description, the foregoing division of the functional units is merely used as an example, and in practical applications, the above function distribution may be performed by different functional units according to needs, that is, the internal structure of the device may be divided into different functional units to perform all or part of the above described functions. For the specific working processes of the system, the apparatus and the unit described above, reference may be made to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and details are not described here again.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and all the changes or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A heat-driven fuel cell system is characterized in that the system comprises a heat-driven structural unit and a fuel cell unit, wherein the heat-driven structural unit utilizes external heat to push fuel to be transported to the fuel cell unit, the fuel cell unit receives and utilizes the fuel to generate electricity, and a fuel outlet of the heat-driven structural unit is connected with a fuel inlet of a fuel cell through a first pipeline; in the fuel cell unit, the fuel steam and oxygen in the air generate oxidation-reduction reaction to generate carbon dioxide and water, the generated water further dissolves more fuel steam to form a fuel solution, and the generated carbon dioxide is directly discharged to the external environment through a fuel outlet of the fuel cell; the heat-driven structural unit comprises one or more evaporator structures, the evaporator structures comprise loop heat pipe loops or capillary pump loops, and when the evaporator structures comprise loop heat pipe loops, the loop heat pipe loops comprise: upper end open-ended cavity casing, inside from the bottom up of cavity casing has set gradually evaporimeter and stock solution chamber, the evaporimeter is including being located the heating surface of the inside bottom of cavity casing, set up in heating tooth and the steam chamber of heating surface top, set up in heating tooth with the capillary sandwich layer of steam chamber top, the stock solution chamber include by the top surface of capillary sandwich layer the lateral wall of cavity casing with be located the cavity that the apron of cavity casing top formed.
2. The heat driven fuel cell system of claim 1, wherein the heat driven structural unit absorbs external heat and converts the external heat into latent heat of fuel phase change to facilitate the fuel transport.
3. The heat-drive fuel cell system of claim 1, wherein the fuel inlet of the heat-drive structural unit is closed and the fuel outlet of the fuel cell is open.
4. The heat-drive fuel cell system of claim 1, wherein the heating teeth are parallel and uniformly distributed on the heated surface, and steam channels are formed between adjacent heating teeth.
5. The heat driven fuel cell system of claim 4, wherein one end of the steam channel is fixed to a side wall of the hollow housing, and the steam chamber is disposed at the other end of the steam channel.
6. The heat-drive fuel cell system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the vapor chamber is provided with a first through hole for outputting the gaseous working medium.
7. The heat-drive fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein the fuel cell unit comprises a reservoir chamber, and a membrane electrode located below the reservoir chamber, and the membrane electrode is connected with a control system through a lead.
8. The heat-drive fuel cell system according to claim 3, wherein a second pipe is provided between the fuel inlet of the heat-drive structural unit and the fuel outlet of the fuel cell, and a gas-liquid separator is provided on the second pipe, and a gas outlet of the gas-liquid separator is open.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811029138.9A CN109148916B (en) | 2018-09-05 | 2018-09-05 | Thermal drive fuel cell system |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811029138.9A CN109148916B (en) | 2018-09-05 | 2018-09-05 | Thermal drive fuel cell system |
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| CN109148916A CN109148916A (en) | 2019-01-04 |
| CN109148916B true CN109148916B (en) | 2021-03-16 |
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Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109950594B (en) * | 2019-04-22 | 2020-06-09 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Methanol fuel transportation and fuel cell power generation system driven by waste heat |
| CN111029598B (en) * | 2019-10-29 | 2022-07-12 | 东北大学 | Closed microfluid fuel cell system driven by thermal capillary force |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1361193A1 (en) * | 2002-05-08 | 2003-11-12 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Fuel reforming system |
| CN1725947A (en) * | 2005-07-18 | 2006-01-25 | 华中科技大学 | Plane capillary core evaporimeter with fin for CPL |
| CN101311662A (en) * | 2007-05-23 | 2008-11-26 | 财团法人工业技术研究院 | Flat type evaporator radiation system |
| US7504169B2 (en) * | 2003-05-28 | 2009-03-17 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Fuel cell device |
| CN203941971U (en) * | 2014-06-18 | 2014-11-12 | 华南理工大学 | A kind of steam supply passive direct methanol fuel cell of catalytic combustion heat supply |
-
2018
- 2018-09-05 CN CN201811029138.9A patent/CN109148916B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1361193A1 (en) * | 2002-05-08 | 2003-11-12 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Fuel reforming system |
| US7504169B2 (en) * | 2003-05-28 | 2009-03-17 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Fuel cell device |
| CN1725947A (en) * | 2005-07-18 | 2006-01-25 | 华中科技大学 | Plane capillary core evaporimeter with fin for CPL |
| CN101311662A (en) * | 2007-05-23 | 2008-11-26 | 财团法人工业技术研究院 | Flat type evaporator radiation system |
| CN203941971U (en) * | 2014-06-18 | 2014-11-12 | 华南理工大学 | A kind of steam supply passive direct methanol fuel cell of catalytic combustion heat supply |
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| CN109148916A (en) | 2019-01-04 |
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