CN109148157B - Composite capacitor structure and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Composite capacitor structure and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G5/00—Capacitors in which the capacitance is varied by mechanical means, e.g. by turning a shaft; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G5/40—Structural combinations of variable capacitors with other electric elements not covered by this subclass, the structure mainly consisting of a capacitor, e.g. RC combinations
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Abstract
The invention provides a composite capacitor structure, which sequentially comprises a first conducting layer, a first insulating layer, a second conducting layer, a second insulating layer, a third conducting layer, a third insulating layer and a fourth conducting layer, wherein the first capacitor structure comprises the first conducting layer, the first insulating layer and the second conducting layer, the second capacitor structure comprises the second conducting layer, the second insulating layer and the third conducting layer, and the third capacitor structure comprises the third conducting layer, the third insulating layer and the fourth conducting layer, wherein the second conducting layer, the second insulating layer and/or the third conducting layer in the second capacitor structure can move relatively so as to change the capacitance of the second capacitor structure. The movement of the charges is driven through the relative movement of the charged conductive layers, power generation is carried out, external energy is captured and converted into electric energy, and high current output is achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a composite capacitor structure and a preparation method thereof, in particular to a composite capacitor structure based on super lubrication and a power generation device formed by the composite capacitor structure.
Background
As smart terminal devices and implanted medical devices decrease in size and increase in functionality, these devices place higher demands on the continuous power capability of the power supply. At present, the devices usually adopt an external charging mode of a rechargeable battery to solve the problem of insufficient power supply of the power supply. However, in practical use, it is found that the external charging mode (even fast charging) still cannot well meet the requirements of people on fast charging speed, short charging time and the like.
The magnetic induction type generating set in the common power supply equipment induces and generates current in a magnetic field by capturing external work so as to provide electric energy, and the generating structure of the magnetic induction type generating set consists of a magnetic pole and a coil rotor; the power generation device with the structure generates stable power generation, and a magnet with a certain size is needed to keep a uniform magnetic field, so that the magnetic induction type power generation device is large in size; it is not suitable for supplying power to the intelligent terminal equipment and the implanted medical equipment.
On the contrary, many continuous activities in human life have very large energy dissipation and are not collected and utilized, and the traditional power generation device has low conversion efficiency, and cannot effectively convert the tiny activities into electric energy, such as the kinetic energy of fingers sliding on a touch screen, the kinetic energy of human limb movement, the kinetic energy of heart beating, and the movement kinetic energy of some tiny objects or objects with tiny movement. Thus, a power supply device capable of collecting and capturing the kinetic energy of these persistent activities and converting the kinetic energy into electric energy needs to be designed to provide convenient, reliable and persistent electric energy for the intelligent terminal device and the implanted medical device.
At present, a nano power generation device is a power generation device capable of capturing and converting micro motion energy into electric energy, charges are generated through relative friction between different objects, so that the surface of an insulator is charged, and the charges are driven to be transferred through the change of a complex capacitor structure during sliding to generate current; this mode of power generation that captures minute kinetic energy has advanced to some extent. However, such nano-power generation devices still have several technical confusion:
1. the nanometer power generation device depends on the surface structures of two friction materials, and the regulation and control difficulty of the generated power is high;
2. the charge generating mode of the nanometer power generation device is that through the friction between objects, the friction force is large, the generated charge quantity is larger, and meanwhile, the negative effect is brought, namely the energy of the friction loss is correspondingly increased, so that the energy conversion efficiency of the power generation device is limited;
3. the power generation mechanism of the nano power generation device utilizes friction, and the long-time friction work inevitably brings huge abrasion to the material, which puts high requirements on the material for friction.
Based on the difficulties of the technology, the zero friction of the relative motion between the surfaces of the two materials is realized by adopting the super-lubrication technology, and a new possibility is provided for the power generation device to collect and capture the kinetic energy of the micro-motion and efficiently convert the kinetic energy into the electric energy.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the difficulties of the traditional power generation device and the existing friction type nanometer power generation device, the invention provides a composite capacitor structure and a power generation device formed by the composite capacitor structure. The device makes the initial state of the composite capacitor structure of the power generation device have higher electric quantity through a pre-charging mode, and changes the structure of the capacitor by capturing the outside continuous micro-motion kinetic energy, drives the charge transfer of the capacitor, and generates larger current and higher energy conversion efficiency. Furthermore, frictionless super-lubrication movement is realized through an atomic-level smooth surface between an insulating layer and a conducting layer in the composite capacitor structure, so that higher energy conversion efficiency, longer material service life and higher electric energy output can be realized.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a composite capacitor structure sequentially comprises a first conducting layer, a first insulating layer, a second conducting layer, a second insulating layer, a third conducting layer, a third insulating layer and a fourth conducting layer; wherein the first capacitor structure comprises a first conductive layer, a first insulating layer and a second conductive layer; the second capacitor structure comprises a second conductive layer, a second insulating layer and a third conductive layer; the third capacitor structure comprises a third conductive layer, a third insulating layer and a fourth conductive layer; and the second conductive layer, the second insulating layer and/or the third conductive layer in the second capacitor structure can move relatively so as to change the capacitance of the second capacitor structure.
In addition, the conductive layer includes an inorganic material and/or an organic material having a conductive property; for example: metal materials such as gold, silver, copper, iron, aluminum and alloys thereof, conductive carbon materials, conductive composite oxides, conductive ceramics, conductive polymers, and the like.
Additionally, the insulating layer material may be a vacuum, gas, liquid, and/or solid material; for example: vacuum, air, nitrogen, noble gases, mineral oil, synthetic oil, dielectric ceramics, diamond-like materials, and the like; air, diamond-like materials are preferred.
The thickness of the insulating layer may be any thickness, and any of the thicknesses of the insulating layers is preferably 0.5nm to 50 μm, and more preferably 0.5nm to 100 nm.
In addition, the second conductive layer and/or the third conductive layer preferably form a protective layer on a surface thereof in contact with the second insulating layer, and more preferably both the second conductive layer and the third conductive layer form a protective layer on a surface thereof in contact with the second insulating layer.
The preparation method of the composite capacitor structure comprises the following steps:
providing a first conductive layer, forming a first insulating layer on the first conductive layer, and forming a second conductive layer on the first insulating layer, thereby obtaining a first capacitor structure;
providing a fourth conducting layer, forming a third insulating layer on the fourth conducting layer, and forming a third conducting layer on the third insulating layer, so as to obtain a third capacitor structure;
providing a second insulating layer;
and compounding the first capacitor structure, the second insulating layer and the third capacitor structure to obtain the composite capacitor structure.
A super-lubrication composite capacitor structure comprises the composite capacitor structure, wherein the second conducting layer and/or the third conducting layer form a super-lubrication material layer on the surface of the second conducting layer, which is in contact with the second insulating layer, so that a super-lubrication smooth surface is formed.
Additionally, the super-lubricant material comprises a two-dimensional material; preferably, the super-lubricating material is graphite, graphene, hexagonal boron nitride, molybdenum disulfide, molybdenum diselenide, graphene fluoride, tungsten disulfide, tungsten diselenide, bismuth, molybdenum, mica or the like; most preferably single layer graphene.
In addition, the insulating layer is made of solid material; for example: dielectric ceramics, diamond-like materials, insulating polymer materials, insulating paints, and the like; teflon, diamond-like materials are preferred.
The preparation method of the super-lubricating composite capacitor structure comprises the following steps:
providing a second conductive layer, forming a first insulating layer over the second conductive layer, forming a first conductive layer over the first insulating layer, optionally forming a first layer of a super-lubricant material over the second conductive layer, thereby obtaining a first capacitor structure;
providing a third conductive layer, forming a third insulating layer over the third conductive layer, forming a fourth conductive layer over the third insulating layer, and optionally forming a second super-lubricant layer over the third conductive layer, thereby obtaining a third capacitor structure;
providing a second insulating layer;
and compounding the first capacitor structure, the second insulating layer and the third capacitor structure to obtain the composite capacitor structure.
In addition, the preparation method of the first capacitor structure comprises the steps of plating a second conducting layer on the surface of the two-dimensional super-lubricating material, plating a first insulating layer on the second conducting layer, plating a first conducting layer on the first insulating layer, and etching the obtained composite laminated structure to obtain the first capacitor structure with the required shape and size.
In addition, the preparation method of the third capacitor structure comprises the steps of plating a third conducting layer on the surface of the two-dimensional super-lubricating material, plating a third insulating layer on the third conducting layer, plating a fourth conducting layer on the third insulating layer, and etching the obtained composite laminated structure to obtain the third capacitor structure with the required shape and size.
In addition, the two-dimensional super-lubricating material is graphite or graphene.
In addition, after the capacitor structure is etched, the capacitor structure which has the self-retracting phenomenon is the capacitor structure which needs to be provided with the super-lubricating material layer.
A capacitive power generation device comprises the composite capacitor structure, an output unit respectively connected with a first conductive layer and a fourth conductive layer, and a driving unit for driving a second conductive layer in a second capacitor structure, wherein a second insulating layer and/or a third conductive layer can move relatively.
The capacitive power generation device further comprises a charging unit for initially charging the second capacitor structure.
A rotating disk type capacitive grating comprising a rotor, a stator, a coupling and a brush, wherein:
the rotor is provided with a first insulating layer, a first conducting material array and a second conducting material array which are correspondingly arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the first insulating layer to form a first capacitor array, all conducting materials on the rotor are connected in parallel, the conducting materials on the upper surface and the lower surface are respectively connected to two concentrically arranged conductor circular rings in the middle of the rotor, and the conductor circular rings are respectively provided with corresponding electric brushes;
the stator is also provided with a third insulating layer, the upper surface and the lower surface of the third insulating layer are correspondingly provided with a third conductive material array and a fourth conductive material array to form a second capacitor array, all conductive materials on the stator are connected in parallel, and the conductive materials on the upper surface and the lower surface are respectively connected to two electrodes;
a second insulating layer is arranged between the rotor and the stator;
the rotor is connected with the driving unit through a coupling.
A rotating disc type capacitive grid power generation device comprises the rotating disc type capacitive grid.
The rotating disc type capacitive grid power generation device further comprises a charging unit for carrying out initial charging.
Through the technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages:
the composite capacitor structure can capture and collect continuous micro-motion kinetic energy and convert the kinetic energy into electric energy, and has high conversion efficiency and small size; thus, the power supply system can be used as a sub power supply system in intelligent terminal equipment and implantation medical treatment.
The composite capacitor structure adopts pre-charging electrification, obtains very high initial electric quantity and can provide large current.
The sliding surface of the composite capacitor structure is a super-lubricating surface or a non-contact surface, so that the friction energy consumption is low in the relative movement process, and the electric energy conversion efficiency of the composite capacitor structure is improved.
The composite capacitor structure ensures low abrasion and even no abrasion, and prolongs the service life.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of an air composite capacitor power generation device according to embodiment 1.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the super-lubricated composite capacitor power generating device in the pulling process in embodiment 2.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a charging process of the super-lubricated combined capacitor power generating device in embodiment 2.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the load connection process of the super-lubrication composite capacitance generating set of embodiment 2.
Fig. 5 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a super-lubricated combined capacitor power generating device according to embodiment 2.
FIG. 6 is a graph of short-circuit current variation calculated by macroscopic scale calculation of the ultra-lubrication composite capacitance generating set of example 2.
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the change of output current of the super-lubrication composite capacitance generating set in the embodiment 2 under the external load by using a macroscopic scale calculation example simulator.
FIG. 8 is a graph of output power variation under external load according to macroscopic scale calculation of the super-lubricated composite capacitor power generation device in example 2.
FIG. 9 is a graph of the variation of external force power under external load in the macro scale calculation of the ultra-lubricated composite capacitor power generation device of example 2.
FIG. 10 is a graph of short-circuit current variation calculated by micro-scale arithmetic simulation of the super-lubricated combined capacitor power generation device of example 2.
FIG. 11 is a graph of the variation of output current under external load in the case of micro-scale calculation simulation of the super-lubricated combined capacitor power generation device of example 2.
FIG. 12 is a graph of the output power variation under external load of the super-lubricated combined capacitor power generation device of example 2, calculated by micro-scale arithmetic simulation.
Fig. 13 is a schematic view of a super-lubricated composite capacitor fixing structure according to embodiment 2.
FIGS. 14 to 17 are schematic views of the method for manufacturing the super-lubricated composite capacitive sliding structure according to example 2.
FIG. 18 is a schematic structural view of a super-lubricated composite capacitor according to example 2.
Fig. 19 is a schematic structural diagram of a rotor of a rotary disc type grid capacitance generating device in embodiment 3.
Fig. 20 is a schematic view of the structure of the stator of the rotary plate type grid-capacitance generating device in embodiment 3.
Fig. 21 is a schematic structural diagram of a rotary plate type grid capacitance generating device in embodiment 3.
Detailed Description
Specific embodiments of the composite capacitive structure and the power generation device according to the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention provides a composite capacitor structure, which sequentially comprises a first conducting layer, a first insulating layer, a second conducting layer, a second insulating layer, a third conducting layer, a third insulating layer and a fourth conducting layer; the first capacitor structure comprises a first conductive layer, a first insulating layer and a second conductive layer; the second capacitor structure comprises a second conductive layer, a second insulating layer and a third conductive layer; the third capacitor structure comprises a third conductive layer, a third insulating layer and a fourth conductive layer; the second conductive layer, the second insulating layer and/or the third conductive layer in the second capacitor structure can move relatively to change the capacitance of the second capacitor structure.
The material of the conductive layer is not particularly limited, and may be any conductive material. The conductive layer includes an inorganic material and/or an organic material having conductive properties, such as: metal materials such as gold, silver, copper, iron, aluminum and alloys thereof, conductive carbon materials, conductive composite oxides, conductive ceramics, conductive polymers, and the like. The thickness of the conductive layer is not particularly limited and may be any suitable thickness.
The material of the insulating layer is not particularly limited, and may be any insulating material. The insulating layer material may be a vacuum, gas, liquid and/or solid material, for example: vacuum, air, nitrogen, noble gases, mineral oil, synthetic oil, dielectric ceramics, diamond-like materials, and the like; air, diamond-like material is preferred.
The thickness of the insulating layer can be any thickness as long as the conductive layer can be charged or induced with enough electric quantity. The thickness of any of the insulating layers is preferably 0.5nm to 100 μm, more preferably 0.5nm to 100 nm; further, the thickness of the second insulating layer and the third insulating layer is preferably 0.5nm to 100 nm. The first insulating layer and the third insulating layer are used for enabling the first conducting layer and the fourth conducting layer to generate electric charges in an induction mode, so that the capacitance is reduced due to the fact that the insulating layers are too thick, the electric charge amount generated in the induction mode is too low, and the current of the power generation device is too small.
The second conductive layer and/or the third conductive layer preferably form a protective layer on a surface thereof in contact with the second insulating layer, and more preferably both the second conductive layer and the third conductive layer form a protective layer on a surface thereof in contact with the second insulating layer. The second conducting layer, the second insulating layer and/or the third conducting layer can move relatively, abrasion can be generated, a protective layer is formed on the conducting layer to reduce abrasion, the service life of the power generation device is prolonged, and meanwhile the stability of the power generation device is also ensured. The material of the protective layer is not particularly limited, and may be a conductive material or an insulating material, and preferably the protective layer is a wear-resistant material layer, and more preferably the protective layer is a super-lubricating material layer.
The invention provides a preparation method of the composite capacitor structure, which comprises the following steps:
providing a first conductive layer, forming a first insulating layer on the first conductive layer, and forming a second conductive layer on the first insulating layer, thereby obtaining a first capacitor structure;
providing a fourth conducting layer, forming a third insulating layer on the fourth conducting layer, and forming a third conducting layer on the third insulating layer, so as to obtain a third capacitor structure;
providing a second insulating layer;
and compounding the first capacitor structure, the second insulating layer and the third capacitor structure to obtain the composite capacitor structure.
The conductive layer and the insulating layer are formed by the prior art, for example: vapor deposition or magnetron sputtering. A metal sheet or a metal foil may be used as it is for the first and fourth conductive layers, and a graphite flake electrode may also be used. The first and third insulating layers may be directly formed of an insulating material sheet or sheet, or may be formed of a Printed Circuit Board (PCB).
The invention provides a super-lubrication composite capacitor structure which comprises the composite capacitor structure and is characterized in that a super-lubrication material layer is formed on the surface, in contact with a second insulating layer, of a second conducting layer and/or a third conducting layer, so that a super-lubrication surface is formed. The super-lubricated surface can be in direct contact with other solid surfaces, and the sliding friction coefficient of the super-lubricated surface is less than or equal to 10-3An order of magnitude surface.
The super-lubricating material layer can be a conductive super-lubricating layer or an insulating super-lubricating layer, and can enable the sliding friction coefficient between solid surfaces in contact with the super-lubricating material layer when the super-lubricating material layer performs relative motion to be less than or equal to 10-3The order of magnitude is sufficient. The energy conversion efficiency of the power generation device can be greatly improved by utilizing the super-lubricating structureAnd a service life. The super-lubricant material comprises a two-dimensional material; graphite, graphene, hexagonal boron nitride, molybdenum disulfide, molybdenum diselenide, fluorinated graphene, tungsten disulfide, tungsten diselenide, bismuth, molybdenum or mica and the like are preferably selected as the super-lubricating material, and single-layer graphene is the most preferable. The insulating layer material is a solid material, such as: dielectric ceramics, diamond-like materials, insulating polymer materials, insulating coatings and the like, and Teflon and diamond-like materials are preferred.
The invention provides a preparation method of the super-lubrication composite capacitor structure, which comprises the following steps of
Providing a second conductive layer, forming a first insulating layer on the second conductive layer, and forming a first conductive layer on the first insulating layer; optionally forming a first layer of a super-lubricant material on the second conductive layer, thereby obtaining a first capacitor structure;
providing a third conductive layer, forming a third insulating layer on the third conductive layer, and forming a fourth conductive layer on the third insulating layer; optionally forming a second layer of a super-lubricant material on the third conductive layer, thereby obtaining a third capacitor structure;
providing a second insulating layer;
and compounding the first capacitor structure, the second insulating layer and the third capacitor structure to obtain the composite capacitor structure.
The preparation method of the first capacitor structure comprises the following steps: and plating a second conducting layer on the surface of the two-dimensional super-lubricating material, plating a first insulating layer on the second conducting layer, plating a first conducting layer on the first insulating layer, and etching the obtained composite laminated structure to obtain the first capacitor structure with the required shape and size.
The preparation method of the third capacitor structure comprises the following steps: and plating a third conducting layer on the surface of the two-dimensional super-lubricating material, plating a third insulating layer on the third conducting layer, plating a fourth conducting layer on the third insulating layer, and etching the obtained composite laminated structure to obtain a third capacitor structure with the required shape and size.
The two-dimensional super-lubricating material is graphite or graphene.
And (4) sliding the obtained capacitor structure after etching, wherein the capacitor structure with the self-retraction phenomenon is the capacitor structure with the lubricating material layer.
The invention provides a capacitance type power generation device which comprises the composite capacitance structure, an output unit and a driving unit, wherein the output unit is respectively connected with a first conductive layer and a fourth conductive layer, the driving unit is used for driving a second conductive layer in a second capacitance structure, and a second insulating layer and/or a third conductive layer can move relatively.
The capacitive power generation device further comprises a charging unit for initially charging the second capacitor structure. The charging unit charges the second capacitor structure only when the power generation device initially works, and is disconnected from the composite capacitor structure after charging is finished. Therefore, the capacitive power generation device only needs to be initially charged, and then kinetic energy is continuously converted into electric energy through the change of the capacitance to generate power.
The driving manner of the driving unit may be any suitable driving manner as long as the second conductive layer, the second insulating layer and/or the third conductive layer in the second capacitor structure can be moved relatively, for example, but not limited to, wind driving, water driving, thermal driving, noise driving, or human body movement driving, etc., so as to implement the technical solution of the present invention.
The invention provides a rotating disc type capacitive grating, which comprises a rotor, a stator, a coupling and an electric brush, wherein:
the rotor is provided with a first insulating layer 402, a first conducting material array 401 and a second conducting material array 401 are correspondingly arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the first insulating layer to form a first capacitor array, all conducting materials on the rotor are connected in parallel, the conducting materials on the upper surface and the lower surface are respectively connected to two concentrically arranged conductor rings 403 and 404 in the middle of the rotor, and the conductor rings are respectively provided with corresponding electric brushes 605 and 606;
the stator is provided with a third insulating layer 502, a third conducting material array 501 and a fourth conducting material array 501 are correspondingly arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the stator to form a second capacitor array, all conducting materials on the stator are connected in parallel, and the conducting materials on the upper surface and the lower surface are respectively connected to two electrodes 503;
a second insulating layer is arranged between the rotor and the stator;
the rotor is connected to a drive unit 602 by a coupling 601.
The conductive material is not particularly limited, and may be any conductive material. The conductive material includes an inorganic material and/or an organic material having a conductive property, for example: metal materials such as gold, silver, copper, iron, aluminum and alloys thereof, conductive carbon materials, conductive composite oxides, conductive ceramics, conductive polymers, and the like. The thickness of the conductive material is not particularly limited and may be any suitable thickness.
The material of the insulating layer is not particularly limited, and may be any insulating material. The insulating layer material may be a vacuum, gas, liquid and/or solid material, for example: air, nitrogen, rare gases, mineral oil, synthetic oil, dielectric ceramics, diamond-like materials, and the like, with air and diamond-like materials being preferred.
The thickness of the insulating layer may be any thickness as long as it is ensured that the conductive layer can be charged or induced with a sufficient amount of electric charge. The thickness of any insulating layer is preferably 0.5nm to 50 μm, more preferably 0.5nm to 100nm, and further, the thickness of the second insulating layer and the third insulating layer is preferably 0.5nm to 100 nm. The first insulating layer and the third insulating layer are used for enabling the first conducting layer and the fourth conducting layer to generate electric charges in an induction mode, therefore, the capacitance is reduced due to the fact that the insulating layer is too thick, the electric charge amount generated in the induction mode is too low, and the current of the power generation device is too small.
The second conductive material and/or the third conductive material preferably form a protective layer on its surface in contact with the second insulating layer; more preferably, the second conductive material and the third conductive material each form a protective layer on a surface thereof in contact with the second insulating layer. The protective layer formed on the conductive material can protect the conductive material from abrasion, so that the service life of the power generation device is prolonged, and the stability of the power generation device is ensured. The material of the protective layer is not particularly limited, and may be a conductive material or an insulating material, and preferably the protective layer is a wear-resistant material layer, and more preferably the protective layer is a super-lubricating material layer.
The driving manner of the driving unit may be any suitable driving manner as long as the rotor can rotate relative to the stator, for example, but not limited to, wind driving, water driving, thermal driving, noise driving, or human motion driving, etc., so as to implement the technical solution of the present invention.
The invention provides a rotating disc type capacitive grid power generation device which comprises the rotating disc type capacitive grid.
The rotating disc type capacitive grid power generation device further comprises a charging unit for carrying out initial charging.
The charging unit charges the second conductive material array on the lower surface of the rotor and the third conductive material array on the upper surface of the stator only when the power generation device works initially, and is disconnected from the rotating disc type capacitive grating after charging is finished. Therefore, the rotating disc type capacitive grid motor only needs to be initially charged, and then kinetic energy is continuously converted into electric energy through the change of the capacitor to generate electricity.
The rotating speed of the rotor can be controlled by adjusting the rotating speed of the motor through the controller, and the corresponding rotating speed is measured by using the tachometer, so that the output condition of current at different rotating speeds can be measured; wherein the electrode connected to the upper surface of the stator and the ring connected to the lower surface of the rotor form a charging circuit for initiating charging.
As shown in fig. 1, the first step: manufacturing of the fixing structure: an insulating medium layer 102 with the thickness of 0.5nm-100nm is plated on a metal conductor 101 with the length and the width of 1 μm-100 μm, then a metal layer 103 is plated on the insulating medium layer 102, and finally an insulating medium with the thickness of 0.5-100nm is plated on the metal layer 103 to be used as a protective layer 104, so that a fixed structure part is formed.
The second step is that: an identical structure was manufactured in the same manner as the sliding structure.
The third step: the sliding structure is placed on the fixed structure while a small air gap is provided between the two insulating protective layers 104, 105 by the support structure. And then the sliding structure part is pulled, so that power generation can be realized. At a pulling speed of 0.1-10m/s, currents in the order of μ A can be generated.
The conductor sliding block and the insulating layer form a super-lubricating surface, and the structure of the composite capacitor is changed by the sliding of the conductor sliding block on the super-lubricating surface, so that the charge transfer is driven, and the power generation is realized at high conversion efficiency. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 2, wherein 201, 203, 205, 207 are conductor sliders, and 202, 204, 206 are insulating layers; no relative motion exists among the conductor sliding block 201, the insulating layer 202 and the conductor sliding block 203; no relative motion exists among the insulating layer 204, the conductor slider 205 and the insulating layer 206; relative sliding is carried out between the conductor sliding block 203 and the insulating layer 204, and a super-lubricating surface is arranged between the conductor sliding block 203 and the insulating layer 204; little friction is believed to occur during the relative sliding. Suppose the pulling distance is x, the pulling speed is v, the length of the conductor is L, the width is W, the thickness of the insulating layer is d, and the external resistance is R.
When the initial time t is 0, the conductor slider 203 and the insulating layer 204 do not slide relative to each other, and x is 0; an external power supply with electromotive force V is connected between the conductor sliding blocks 203 and 205, so that the electric charge quantity Q is provided between the conductor sliding blocks 203 and 205, as shown in figure 3, the external power supply is disconnected, the super-lubrication composite capacitor power generation device is connected with a load, as shown in figure 4, the movement of electrons is driven due to the existence of potential difference, and the balance is achieved after a certain time; at this time, the charge amount of each surface is as shown in fig. 4. Thereafter, the conductor slider 201, the insulating layer 202, and the conductor slider 203 are pulled at a constant speed v.
Assuming that the pulling distance at time t is x, the state shown in fig. 2 is reached, and the equivalent circuit diagram of the composite capacitor structure is shown in fig. 5.
Wherein
Wherein L is the length of the conductor slider, W is the width of the conductor slider, and the external load is R, and the circuit equation is as follows:
from the voltage equation:
from the current equation:
from conservation of charge:
q2-q1＝Q-------(3)
q2-q3＝Q-------(4)
order to
The equation becomes:
order to
Then:
the general solution is as follows:
when R goes to 0, a short-circuit current can be obtained:
taking some specific calculation examples to calculate. Example one, consider the case at the macro scale:
size of the conductor slider: the total of 100 structures, i.e., n is 10 mm and W is 20mm, the thickness d of the insulating layer is 10nm, the sliding speed is 1.5m/s and the charging voltage V is 10V, i.e., n is 100, a curve graph of the change of the short-circuit current along with z can be obtained through numerical calculation and is shown in FIG. 6; for the switched-in load R being 30 Ω, a graph of the change of the output current with z can be obtained through numerical calculation, as shown in fig. 7; the graph of the output power as a function of z is shown in fig. 8. The average short-circuit current i can be calculated through a curve relation graphrWhen R is 30 Ω, the average output current I is 0.0797Ar0.0793, average output power Pr0.3445W; it can be seen that the structure can generate ampere-level current which is 100 times of the output current of the friction type nanometer power generation device with the same size, the size is smaller, the required external force power is shown in fig. 9, and the average external force power Pf can be obtainedr1.1397W, the external force required is very low, the conversion efficiency of the power generation device can be very high under the condition of super-lubrication surface, namely friction is not considered, and the small-size power generation device structure can convert the kinetic energy into electric energy for power supply through movement modes such as shaking, rotating and pulling.
Example two, consider the case at the micro-nano scale:
size of the conductor slider: in order to make the nano-power generation device capable of being placed in a tiny device and reduce the size of the conductor block as much as possible, a total of 100 structures are provided, namely, 100 structures are provided, and a charging voltage is 10V, and a change curve of a short-circuit current along with z can be obtained through numerical calculation, and is shown in fig. 10; for the switched-in load R30000 Ω, a graph of the change of the output current with z obtained by numerical calculation is shown in fig. 11; the graph of the variation of the output power with z is shown in fig. 12; the average short-circuit current i can be calculated through a curve relation graphr26.57uA, average output current I when R30000 Ωr26.47uA, average output power Pr32.70uW, it can be seen that the nano-generator on the order of one millimeter can also generate the current on the order of uA, which is completely sufficient for supplying power to the electronic devices on the order of millimeter, and for the small-sized nano-generator, the movement of the conductor slider can be driven by squeezing, shaking or the like.
For the super-lubrication composite capacitance generating set with macro scale and micro nano scale, because the super-lubrication causes zero abrasion between sliding surfaces, the service life of the devices is much longer than that of a friction type generating set and a traditional magnetic induction type generating set, and the devices can be placed on electronic devices or some personal articles or implanted into human bodies all the time without replacement.
For the above power generation device, the conversion efficiency is the output electric energy compared with the input energy, which is an important parameter for measuring the quality of the power generation device, and for the model of the invention, the following can be obtained through numerical calculation: the conversion efficiency has a certain relation with the external load, and when the external load is adjusted to an optimal value, namely a parameter
The maximum value of the efficiency is 72.77%, and the super-lubrication composite capacitance generating set can achieve high conversion efficiency.
The specific implementation of this example is as follows:
the first step is as follows: manufacturing of the fixing structure: as shown in fig. 13, an insulating dielectric layer 302 with a thickness of 0.5nm-100nm is plated on a metal conductor 301 with a length and width of 1 μm-100 μm, then a metal layer 303 is plated on the insulating dielectric layer 302, and finally an insulating dielectric layer 304 with a thickness of 0.5-100nm is plated on the metal layer 303 to form a fixed structure part.
The second step is that: as shown in fig. 14, a conductor metal layer 305 is coated on a two-dimensional ultra-smooth material 308, and then an insulating material layer 306 with a thickness of 0.5nm-100nm is coated, and a metal conductor layer 307 is coated on the upper side.
The third step: as shown in fig. 15, etching is performed on the structure shown in fig. 14 by an etching technique, and then a protruding structure shown as 300 in fig. 16 is obtained, the length and the width of which are both 1 μm-100 μm, and then the protruding structure 300 is taken out, so as to obtain a unit shown in fig. 17, wherein 305 and 307 are metal conductors, 306 is an insulating layer with a thickness of 0.5nm-100nm, and 308 is a super-slip material layer attached to the metal conductor 305, which is a sliding structure.
The fourth step: the sliding structure shown in fig. 17 is placed on the fixed structure part shown in fig. 13, and as shown in fig. 18, the sliding structure is pulled, and power generation can be realized by adopting the method mentioned by the theoretical model, wherein super-lubrication type sliding is realized between the super-sliding material layer 308 and the insulating material layer 304.
The structure shown in FIG. 18 is a specific example of theoretical model implementation, and can generate current of the μ A level at a pulling speed of 0.1-10 m/s.
EXAMPLE 3 rotating disk type grid-capacitance generating device
The invention also specifically provides a rotating disc type capacitive grating and a motor for realizing power generation, which comprise a rotor, a stator, a motor, a coupler, a carbon brush and other structures, wherein the top view of the rotor is shown in fig. 19, the top view of the stator is shown in fig. 20, 401 in fig. 19 is a conductor block array structure in the rotor, the upper surface and the lower surface of the rotor are respectively provided with a metal conductor block, the middle of the conductor blocks is separated by an insulating layer 402(PCP plate), then all the conductor blocks are connected in parallel, and the upper surface and the lower surface of each conductor block are respectively connected to two metal conductor circular rings 403 and 404 in the middle of the conductor blocks, namely, electric signals on the surfaces of the conductor blocks are led into the metal conductor circular rings; in fig. 20, 501 is a conductor block array structure in a stator, in which a metal conductor block is provided on each of the upper and lower surfaces, and the middle is partitioned by an insulating layer 502(PCP plate), and then the conductor blocks are all connected in parallel, and then the upper and lower surfaces of the conductor blocks are connected to two electrodes shown by 503, respectively, and electric signals of the upper and lower conductor blocks are outputted through the electrodes.
Fig. 21 shows the overall structure of the power generating apparatus, wherein 500 is a stator fixed to a stand, 400 is a rotor, which is connected with a motor 602 through a coupling 601 and a bearing, so that the motor drives the motor to rotate, and keeping a distance of an air layer from the stator, supporting the stator 500 by struts 603, 604, respectively, keeping contact with conductor rings 403 and 404 in the rotor 400 by two carbon brushes 605 and 606, respectively, continuously outputting electric signals of the conductor surfaces, respectively forming two sets of circuits with two electrodes 503 in the stator 500, wherein the electrode connected to the lower surface of the stator 500 and the conductor ring 403 connected to the upper surface of the rotor 400 constitute an output power source, and power can be generated by connecting a load after rotating, and the rotating speed of the rotor 400 can be controlled by adjusting the rotating speed of the motor by a controller, corresponding rotating speeds are measured by using a rotating speed meter, and the current output condition under different rotating speeds can be measured; in which the electrode connected to the upper surface of the stator 500 and the conductor ring 404 connected to the lower surface of the rotor 400 constitute a charging circuit for initiating charging.
It should be noted that the present embodiment uses the motor 602 as the driving unit only for the convenience of experiments, and the driving force can be easily and simply obtained in a laboratory. The rotating disc type capacitive grid power generation device does not need to be driven by electricity. The driving mode can be any non-electric driving mode in the prior art, as long as the rotor can rotate, for example, wind power driving, water conservancy driving, heat driving, noise driving or human motion driving can realize the technical scheme of the invention.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (42)
1. A composite capacitor structure sequentially comprises a first conducting layer, a first insulating layer, a second conducting layer, a second insulating layer, a third conducting layer, a third insulating layer and a fourth conducting layer; wherein the first capacitor structure comprises the first conductive layer, the first insulating layer, and the second conductive layer; a second capacitor structure comprising the second conductive layer, the second insulating layer, and the third conductive layer; a third capacitor structure comprising the third conductive layer, the third insulating layer, and the fourth conductive layer; the method is characterized in that: the second capacitor structure has an initial charge therein, and the second conductive layer, the second insulating layer and/or the third conductive layer in the second capacitor structure can move relatively to change the capacitance of the second capacitor structure.
2. The composite capacitive structure of claim 1, wherein: the conductive layer includes an inorganic material and/or an organic material having a conductive property.
3. The composite capacitive structure of claim 1, wherein: the conductive layer includes a metal material, a conductive carbon material, a conductive composite oxide, a conductive ceramic, a conductive polymer, or a combination thereof.
4. The composite capacitive structure of claim 1, wherein: the conductive layer comprises graphite, gold, silver, copper, iron, aluminum, or an alloy material.
5. The composite capacitive structure of claim 1, wherein: the insulating layer material comprises vacuum, gas, liquid and/or solid material.
6. The composite capacitive structure of claim 1, wherein: the insulating layer material comprises air, nitrogen, noble gases, mineral oil, synthetic oil, dielectric ceramics and/or diamond-like materials.
7. The composite capacitive structure of claim 6, wherein: the insulating layer material comprises air and diamond-like material.
8. The composite capacitive structure of claim 1, wherein: the thickness of any one of the insulating layers is 0.5nm-50 μm.
9. The composite capacitive structure of claim 1, wherein: the thickness of any one of the insulating layers is 0.5nm-100 nm.
10. The composite capacitive structure of claim 1, wherein: the second conductive layer or the third conductive layer forms a protective layer on its surface in contact with the second insulating layer.
11. The composite capacitive structure of claim 10, wherein: the second conductive layer and the third conductive layer each have a protective layer formed on a surface thereof in contact with the second insulating layer.
12. A method of making a composite capacitive structure according to any one of claims 1 to 11, comprising: providing the first conductive layer, forming the first insulating layer over the first conductive layer, and forming the second conductive layer over the first insulating layer, thereby obtaining the first capacitor structure; providing the fourth conductive layer, forming the third insulating layer on the fourth conductive layer, and forming the third conductive layer on the third insulating layer, thereby obtaining the third capacitor structure; providing the second insulating layer; and compounding the first capacitor structure, the second insulating layer and the third capacitor structure to obtain a composite capacitor structure.
13. The method of claim 12, wherein: the second conductive layer or the third conductive layer forms a protective layer on its surface in contact with the second insulating layer.
14. The method of claim 13, wherein: the second conductive layer and the third conductive layer each have a protective layer formed on a surface thereof in contact with the second insulating layer.
15. A super-lubrication composite capacitor structure is characterized in that: comprising a composite capacitive structure according to any one of claims 1 to 11, said second conductive layer and/or said third conductive layer being provided with a layer of a super-lubricating material on its surface in contact with said second insulating layer, thereby forming a super-lubricated surface.
16. The super-lubricated composite capacitor structure according to claim 15, wherein: the super-lubricant material comprises a two-dimensional material.
17. The super-lubricated composite capacitor structure according to claim 15, wherein: the super-lubricating material comprises graphite, graphene, hexagonal boron nitride, molybdenum disulfide, molybdenum diselenide, fluorinated graphene, tungsten disulfide, tungsten diselenide, bismuth, molybdenum or mica.
18. The super-lubricated composite capacitor structure according to claim 15, wherein: the super-lubricating material is single-layer graphene.
19. The super-lubricated composite capacitor structure according to claim 15, wherein: the insulating layer material comprises a solid material.
20. The super-lubricated composite capacitor structure according to claim 15, wherein: the insulating layer material comprises a dielectric ceramic, an insulating polymer material or an insulating paint.
21. The super-lubricated composite capacitor structure according to claim 15, wherein: the insulating layer material comprises teflon.
22. The super-lubricated composite capacitor structure according to claim 15, wherein: the insulating layer material comprises a diamond-like material.
23. A method of making a super-lubricated composite capacitive structure according to any one of claims 15 to 22, comprising: providing the second conductive layer, forming the first insulating layer over the second conductive layer, forming the first conductive layer over the first insulating layer, and forming a first super-lubricant layer over the second conductive layer, thereby obtaining the first capacitor structure; providing the third conductive layer, forming the third insulating layer on the third conductive layer, and forming the fourth conductive layer on the third insulating layer, thereby obtaining the third capacitor structure; providing the second insulating layer; and compounding the first capacitor structure, the second insulating layer and the third capacitor structure to obtain a composite capacitor structure.
24. The method of manufacturing of claim 23, wherein the first capacitor structure is manufactured by: and plating the second conducting layer on the surface of the two-dimensional super-lubricating material, plating the first insulating layer on the second conducting layer, plating the first conducting layer on the first insulating layer, and etching the obtained composite laminated structure to obtain the first capacitor structure with the required shape and size.
25. The method of manufacturing of claim 24, wherein the third capacitor structure is manufactured by: and plating the third conducting layer on the surface of the two-dimensional super-lubricating material, plating the third insulating layer on the third conducting layer, plating the fourth conducting layer on the third insulating layer, and etching the obtained composite laminated structure to obtain the third capacitor structure with the required shape and size.
26. The method of any one of claims 24-25, wherein: the two-dimensional super-lubricating material is graphite or graphene.
27. The method of any one of claims 24-25, wherein: the method also comprises a capacitor structure obtained by sliding after etching, wherein the capacitor structure with the self-retracting phenomenon is the capacitor structure with the lubricating material layer.
28. A method of making a super-lubricated composite capacitive structure according to any one of claims 15 to 22, comprising: providing the second conductive layer, forming the first insulating layer over the second conductive layer, forming the first conductive layer over the first insulating layer, and forming a first super-lubricant layer over the second conductive layer, thereby obtaining the first capacitor structure; providing the third conductive layer, forming the third insulating layer on the third conductive layer, forming the fourth conductive layer on the third insulating layer, and forming a second super-lubrication material layer on the third conductive layer, thereby obtaining the third capacitor structure; providing the second insulating layer; and compounding the first capacitor structure, the second insulating layer and the third capacitor structure to obtain a composite capacitor structure.
29. A capacitive power generation device comprising the composite capacitor structure according to any one of claims 1 to 11, 15 to 22 or the composite capacitor structure prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 12 to 14, 23 to 28, comprising: the output unit is respectively connected with the first conducting layer and the fourth conducting layer, and the driving unit drives the second conducting layer, the second insulating layer and/or the third conducting layer in the second capacitor structure to move relatively.
30. A capacitive power generating device as defined in claim 29, wherein: the charging unit is used for carrying out initial charging on the second capacitor structure.
31. The utility model provides a carousel formula capacitance grid, contains rotor, stator, shaft joint and brush, its characterized in that, wherein: the rotor is provided with a first insulating layer (402), a first conducting material array and a second conducting material array (401) are correspondingly arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the first insulating layer to form a first capacitor array, all conducting materials on the rotor are connected in parallel, and the conducting materials on the upper surface and the lower surface are respectively connected to two conductor circular rings (403, 404) which are concentrically arranged in the middle of the rotor, and the conductor circular rings are respectively provided with corresponding electric brushes (605, 606); the stator is provided with a third insulating layer (502), the upper surface and the lower surface of the third insulating layer are correspondingly provided with a third conductive material array and a fourth conductive material array (501) to form a second capacitor array, the second capacitor array has initial electric quantity, all conductive materials on the stator are connected in parallel, and the conductive materials on the upper surface and the lower surface are respectively connected to two electrodes (503); a second insulating layer is arranged between the rotor and the stator; the rotor is connected to a drive unit (602) via the coupling (601).
32. The rotating disc type capacitive grating of claim 31, wherein: the conductive material includes an inorganic material and/or an organic material having a conductive property.
33. The rotating disc type capacitive grating of claim 31, wherein: the conductive material includes a metallic material, a conductive carbon material, a conductive composite oxide, a conductive ceramic, a conductive polymer, or a combination thereof.
34. The rotating disc type capacitive grating of claim 31, wherein: the conductive material comprises graphite, gold, silver, copper, iron, aluminum or alloy material.
35. The rotating disc type capacitive grating of claim 31, wherein: the insulating layer material comprises vacuum, gas, liquid and/or solid material.
36. The rotating disc type capacitive grating of claim 31, wherein: the insulating layer material comprises air, nitrogen, noble gases, mineral oil, synthetic oil, dielectric ceramics and/or diamond-like materials.
37. The rotating disc type capacitive grating of claim 31, wherein: the thickness of any one of the insulating layers is 0.5nm-50 μm.
38. The rotating disc type capacitive grating of claim 37, wherein: the thickness of any one of the insulating layers is 0.5nm-100 nm.
39. The rotating disc type capacitive grating of claim 31, wherein: the second array of conductive material or the third array of conductive material forms a protective layer on its surface in contact with the second insulating layer.
40. The rotating disc type capacitive grating of claim 39, wherein: the second array of conductive material and the third array of conductive material both form a protective layer on their surfaces in contact with the second insulating layer.
41. A rotating disc type capacitive grid power generation device, which comprises the rotating disc type capacitive grid as claimed in any one of claims 31 to 40.
42. The rotating disc type grid-capacitance generating device as claimed in claim 41, wherein: the charging unit is used for carrying out initial charging.
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