CN109147873B - Method for predicting grain size of micro-alloy steel welding coarse crystal area - Google Patents
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Abstract
A method for predicting the grain size of a micro-alloy steel welding coarse crystal area belongs to the field of physical measurement. Firstly, obtaining the information of the prior austenite grain size of a micro-alloy steel welding coarse crystal area under more than three different heat inputs through thermal simulation; secondly, setting a grain growth kinetic formula
Middle M0And PZThe other parameters are known parameters and corresponding reasonable values are obtained by looking up documents, then the values of the prior austenite grain size of the coarse crystal zone under three different heat inputs are fitted with a grain growth kinetic formula (by numerical integration and adopting a finite difference method), and the optimal fitting result obtains M0And PZThe value of (d); finally, M is obtained by the growth kinetic formula of the crystal grains and fitting0And PZThe grain size of the welding coarse crystal area of the microalloy steel under different welding heat inputs is calculated, and the grain size of the welding coarse crystal area of the microalloy steel is predicted. The invention simplifies the fitting and calculating processes and provides an important basis for controlling the grain size of the welding coarse crystal area of the microalloy steel.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention belongs to the field of physical measurement, and particularly relates to a method for predicting the grain size of a micro-alloy steel welding coarse crystal area.
Background
The welding coarse crystal area is usually one of the weakest areas of the welding joint, and the mechanical property of the welding coarse crystal area represents the mechanical property of the welding joint to a great extent, so that the evaluation of the mechanical property characteristics of the welding coarse crystal area can provide important reference for the evaluation of the mechanical property characteristics of the welding joint to a great extent. The microstructure of a steel material is one of the most important factors for determining the mechanical properties of the steel material, wherein the grain size is taken as an important characteristic parameter and is always considered as one of the most important marks for evaluating whether the mechanical properties of a welding coarse crystal area are deteriorated. In the field of welding, the grain size of the welded macrocrystalline region of ferrous materials (in particular microalloyed steels) has always been a major concern.
There are generally two ways to obtain grain size information for weld macrocrystalline regions of microalloyed steel, one is for example reference 1(Sanjeev Kumar, et al, Materials and Design,2016,50:177), calculated by actual metallographic measurements and one is for example reference 2(M.shome, et al, script Materials, 2004,50:1007), calculated by grain growth kinetics equations. Actual measurements can inherently yield very accurate grain size information for the coarse grained region, but this approach does not predict the grain size of the coarse grained region as welding conditions change. The grain size of the coarse grain region under a series of conditions can be obtained by calculating through a grain growth kinetic formula (when the formula is applied, an unknown parameter in the formula usually needs to be fitted under a certain welding condition), but theoretically, under the current technical condition, a reasonable result can be obtained by calculating for general steel materials, and for microalloyed steel, the calculation result has a certain deviation, and the deviation gradually increases along with the change of the welding process condition (the fitted unknown parameter actually changes along with the change of the welding process condition). The main reason is that in the thermal cycle of welding the coarse crystal region, the crystal grains are subjected to the pinning effect of the second phase particles in the microalloy steel when growing, the welding thermal cycle can also influence the thermal stability of the second phase, the pinning effect of the second phase particles can also change along with the change of the thermal cycle time and temperature, the welding thermal cycle is a typical non-thermodynamic equilibrium thermal process, the thermal stability of the second phase particles in the process cannot be accurately described by the existing research technical means, and the rationality of the result obtained by the method for calculating the crystal grain size of the welding coarse crystal region of the microalloy steel by using a crystal grain growth kinetic formula is determined by whether the thermal stability of the second phase particles in the microalloy steel can be accurately described or not. Although the basic expression of the grain growth kinetics equation is disclosed, different researchers will have different approaches to how to approximate the pinning effect of the second relative grain growth in microalloyed steel during the heat of welding and therefore the confidence in the resulting calculations will be different. Based on this, the patent applicant found a simple and effective method for treating the pinning effect of the second relative grain growth in the microalloyed steel based on a great deal of literature summary and practical research work, thereby obtaining a new method for predicting the grain size of the welding coarse grain region of the microalloyed steel.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for predicting the grain size of a welding coarse crystal area of microalloy steel, which is a method for calculating the grain size of the welding coarse crystal area under other heat input by using a grain growth kinetic formula after fitting two parameters in the formula.
In order to achieve the purpose, the method adopted by the invention is as follows: firstly, obtaining the information of the prior austenite grain size of a micro-alloy steel welding coarse crystal area under more than three different heat inputs through thermal simulation; secondly, setting a grain growth kinetic formula
Middle M0And PZThe other parameters are known parameters and corresponding reasonable values are obtained by looking up documents, then the values of the prior austenite grain size of the coarse crystal zone under three different heat inputs are fitted with a grain growth kinetic formula (by numerical integration and adopting a finite difference method), and the optimal fitting result obtains M0And PZThe value of (d); finally moving by the grain growthMechanical formula and fitted M0And PZThe grain size of the welding coarse crystal area of the microalloy steel under different welding heat inputs is calculated by the numerical value of the calculation, namely the purpose of predicting the grain size of the welding coarse crystal area of the microalloy steel is achieved.
A method for predicting grain size of a weld macrocrystalline region of microalloyed steel, the method for calculating prior austenite grain size of the macrocrystalline region of a microalloyed steel material under a range of weld heat input conditions, comprising the steps of:
step 1) thermal cycle of a coarse crystal area welded by the microalloy steel is simulated thermally, the heating rate is 100-280K/s, the peak temperature is 1573-1673K, the peak temperature retention time is 0.5-2 s, Rykalin 3D/2D or other thermal models taking welding heat input as parameters are adopted in the cooling process, and the welding heat input parameters in the thermal models are X respectively1、X2And X3(X1＜X2＜X3). Then carrying out metallographic analysis on a sample in the thermal simulation area, and counting the prior austenite grain sizes of the coarse crystal area corresponding to three welding heat inputs under the current welding heat cycle condition;
step 2) according to the three prior austenite grain size data obtained in the step 1), utilizing a grain growth kinetic formula
By numerical integration and a finite difference method, the time interval is 0.01-0.2 s, the grain size of the prior austenite under three heat inputs and the grain growth formula are respectively fitted, when the three grain sizes respectively calculated by the formula are closer to the grain size data of the prior austenite, the best fitting condition is obtained, and the fitting result obtains M0And PZThe value of (d); wherein d is the prior austenite grain size, n is the growth factor, M0Is a pre-factor, QaIs the activation energy of grain growth, R is the gas constant, T is the temperature,
is the grain boundary driving force, gamma is the grain boundary energy of austenite, PZIs the second phase pinning generationT is the temperature exceeding A during the temperature riseC3The temperature is lower than A from the temperature to the temperature reduction processC3The temperature is continued for a time AC3Temperature is set to be constant, and A of the microalloyed steel is calculated by using an empirical formula3Temperature, M is0And PZAs unknown constants, other parameters are known (e.g. n-2, R-8.3J/(mol · K), Qa＝352185.31+21827.26XC+19950.94XMn+7185.49XCr+7378.06XNi) This formula is that in the reference (Uhm S, et al, ISIJ international, 2004, 44 (7): 1230). The change of n value does not affect the following parameters, and the parameters in the formula are independent from each other, (X)C、XMn、XCrAnd XNiRespectively the weight percentage of C, Mn, Cr and Ni in the microalloy steel, and calculating to obtain QaJ/mol), T and T can be calculated from the welding thermal model used in step 1), and γ is 0.5J/m2)；
Step 3) obtaining M through fitting according to the step 2)0And PZThe numerical value and the mentioned grain growth kinetic formula can calculate the grain size of the prior austenite in the welding coarse grain region of the microalloy steel when the welding heat input is X (when the value range of X is [ X ]1，X3]When the value of X is (0, X), the calculation result has high credibility1) Or (X)3Infinity), as the value of X deviates from X1Or X3The deviation degree of the calculation result from the actual situation is gradually increased.
The core idea of the method is as follows. With current steel production technology, there are generally two main types of second phase particles in the matrix of microalloyed steel: the first type tends to be formed in molten steel or in the process of solidification of the molten steel, and the particles have high thermal stability, but have weak pinning effect on the austenite grain size growth in the welding process of the microalloy steel in terms of size and volume fraction; the second category tends to precipitate during production or heat treatment, and such particles have low thermal stability, but because of their very small size, often produce strong pinning only during the low temperature stages of the welding heat process. For calculating the grain size in the weld coarse grain region of microalloyed steel, the nail rolling action for the two main types of particles can be simplified as follows. Although the pinning effect of the first type of particles on the grain boundary can also change along with the change of the time and the temperature of the welding process, the pinning effect generated by the first type of particles on the grain boundary in the whole welding coarse crystal region thermal process can be reasonably and simply considered to be unchanged, namely the pinning effect generated by the first type of particles on the grain boundary is approximately constant. The second type of particles have lower thermal stability, the peak temperature of the welding coarse crystal region generally reaches 1573-1673K and is usually much higher than the thermodynamic dissolution temperature of the second type of particles, and considering that the size of the particles is very small, and the kinetic process also shows that a great amount of dissolution occurs in the process from the thermal cycle of the welding coarse crystal region to the peak temperature (usually within a few seconds), so that the pinning effect of the second type of particles on the growth of crystal grains is greatly weakened. Considering that the final grain size of the coarse crystal area is calculated by using a grain growth kinetic formula and not the change of the size in the grain growth process, the influence of the nail rolling effect of the second type of particles on the final grain size can be basically eliminated by fitting the parameters in the formula, so that the nail rolling effect of the second type of particles in the heat cycle process of welding the coarse crystal area can be simply considered as 0. Under the thought, two parameters (one constant parameter and one parameter changing along with time/temperature) needing to be determined in the grain growth kinetic formula are converted into two constant parameters, and the fitting and calculating process is greatly simplified. Therefore, the method for predicting the grain size of the welding coarse grain region of the microalloy steel obtained under the thought has uniqueness and practicability, and the accuracy can be ensured theoretically. Provides important basis for controlling the grain size of the welding coarse crystal area of the microalloy steel.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a predicted grain size of a coarse grain region of a micro-alloyed steel at different weld heat inputs.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be further described with reference to the following examples:
examples
The method comprises the steps of thermally simulating the thermal cycle of a welding coarse crystal region of certain microalloy steel, wherein the heating rate is 200K/s, the peak temperature is 1643K, the peak temperature retention time is 1s, and the Rykalin 3D thermal model is adopted in the cooling process
λ＝0.38J/(cm·s·K)，TP1643K, E welding heat input, T' temperature coordinate, τ time coordinate), the welding heat input parameters in the thermal model were 14, 20 and 36kJ/cm, respectively. The average grain sizes of the welded coarse grain regions under three heat inputs were found to be about 77 + -4, 83 + -4 and 88 + -3 μm by metallographic grinding and by line-cutting statistics. Using a formula of grain growth
Will M0And PZThe numerical fractions of the other parameters are n-2, R-8.3J/(mol. K), Q for unknown constantsa＝400kJ/mol、
γ＝0.5J/m2. The time T of the integration interval is the time for the temperature to exceed 1100K in the temperature rising process and the temperature to be lower than 1100K in the temperature lowering process, and the relationship between the temperature T of the integration interval and the time T is determined by the set thermal cycle of the welding coarse crystal area. Fitting the average grain size of the welding coarse grain region of the microalloy steel under three heat inputs with a grain growth formula respectively, wherein the grain size is calculated in the fitting process by adopting a numerical integration and finite difference method, dt is 0.05s, and M is obtained by fitting0And PZRespectively, are 2.5m5/(J. s) and 1.08X 103J/m3. Finally, M is obtained by the formula of crystal grain growth and fitting0And PZThe values of (A) and (B) predict the grain sizes of the coarse grain regions of the microalloyed steel under different welding heat inputs to be shown in FIG. 1 (the welding heat input range is about 7-50 kJ/cm).
Claims (2)
1. A method for predicting grain size in a weld macrocrystalline region of microalloyed steel, the method being used for calculating prior austenite grain size in the macrocrystalline region of a microalloyed steel iron material under a series of weld heat input conditions, comprising the steps of:
step 1) thermal cycle of a coarse crystal area welded by the microalloy steel is simulated thermally, the heating rate is 100-280K/s, the peak temperature is 1573-1673K, the peak temperature retention time is 0.5-2 s, Rykalin 3D or 2D or other thermal models taking welding heat input as parameters are adopted in the cooling process, and the welding heat input parameters in the thermal models are X respectively1、X2And X3(X1<X2<X3) (ii) a Then carrying out metallographic analysis on a sample in the thermal simulation area, and counting the prior austenite grain sizes of the coarse crystal area corresponding to three welding heat inputs under the current welding heat cycle condition;
step 2) according to the three prior austenite grain size data obtained in the step 1), utilizing a grain growth kinetic formula
By numerical integration and a finite difference method, the time interval is 0.01-0.2 s, the grain size of the prior austenite under three heat inputs and the grain growth formula are respectively fitted, when the three grain sizes respectively calculated by the formula are closer to the grain size data of the prior austenite, the best fitting condition is obtained, and the fitting result obtains M0And PZThe value of (d); wherein d is the prior austenite grain size, n is the growth factor, M0Is a pre-factor, QaIs the activation energy of grain growth, R is the gas constant, T is the temperature,
is the grain boundary driving force, gamma is the grain boundary energy of austenite, PZIs the force generated by the second phase pinning, and t is the temperature exceeding A during the temperature riseC3The temperature is lower than A from the temperature to the temperature reduction processC3The temperature is continued for a time AC3Temperature is set to a constant value, and the obtained micro-scale is calculated by an empirical formulaA of alloy steel3Temperature, M is0And PZAs unknown constants, other parameters are known, n is 2, R is 8.3J/(mol · K), Qa＝352185.31+21827.26XC+19950.94XMn+7185.49XCr+7378.06XNiThe variation of n does not affect the following parameters, the parameters in the formula are independent of each other, XC、XMn、XCrAnd XNiRespectively the weight percentage of C, Mn, Cr and Ni in the microalloy steel, and calculating to obtain QaThe data of (a) and (b) in J/mol, T and T can be calculated according to the welding thermal model adopted in the step 1), and gamma is 0.5J/m2；
Step 3) obtaining M through fitting according to the step 2)0And PZThe numerical value and the mentioned grain growth kinetic formula can calculate the grain size of the prior austenite in the welding coarse grain region of the microalloy steel when the welding heat input is X by the same method, and when the value range of X is [ X1,X3]When the value of X is (0, X), the calculation result has high credibility1) Or (X)3Infinity), as the value of X deviates from X1Or X3The deviation degree of the calculation result from the actual situation is gradually increased.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of cooling the welded microalloyed steel by thermal simulation of the weld macrocrystalline region of microalloyed steel is performed at a temperature rise rate of 200K/s, a peak temperature of 1643K, a peak temperature retention time of 1s and an Rykalin 3D thermal model,
λ＝0.38J/(cm·s·K)，TP1643K, E is the weld heat input, T' is the temperature coordinate, τ is the time coordinate, the weld heat input parameters in the thermal model are 14, 2 respectively0 and 36 kJ/cm; through metallographic phase grinding, the average grain sizes of three welding coarse crystal areas under heat input are respectively 77 +/-4, 83 +/-4 and 88 +/-3 mu m through line cutting statistics; using a formula of grain growth
Will M0And PZThe numerical fractions of the other parameters are n-2, R-8.3J/(mol. K), Q for unknown constantsa＝400kJ/mol、
γ＝0.5J/m2(ii) a The time T of the integration interval is the time lasting from the temperature exceeding 1100K in the temperature rising process to the temperature falling below 1100K in the temperature falling process, and the relationship between the temperature T of the integration interval and the time T is determined by the set thermal cycle of the welding coarse crystal area; fitting the average grain size of the welding coarse grain region of the microalloy steel under three heat inputs with a grain growth formula respectively, wherein the grain size is calculated in the fitting process by adopting a numerical integration and finite difference method, dt is 0.05s, and M is obtained by fitting0And PZRespectively, are 2.5m5/(J. s) and 1.08X 103J/m3(ii) a Under the condition that the welding heat input range is 7-50 kJ/cm, finally obtaining M through a crystal grain growth formula and fitting0And PZThe values of (a) and (b) predict the grain size of the coarse grain region of the microalloyed steel at different weld heat inputs.
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| CN111521461A (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2020-08-11 | 东北大学 | Prediction method for austenite grain growth behavior in continuous casting billet heating process |
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