CN109142529B - 一种高强钛合金电子束焊接接头超高周疲劳寿命预测方法 - Google Patents

一种高强钛合金电子束焊接接头超高周疲劳寿命预测方法 Download PDF

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CN109142529B
CN109142529B CN201810992008.9A CN201810992008A CN109142529B CN 109142529 B CN109142529 B CN 109142529B CN 201810992008 A CN201810992008 A CN 201810992008A CN 109142529 B CN109142529 B CN 109142529B
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聂宝华
陈东初
黄绮玲
赵子华
陆镓聪
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种高强钛合金电子束焊接结构超高周疲劳寿命预测方法,采用超声疲劳试验获取高强钛合金电子束焊接接头超高周疲劳性能,基于纳米裂纹扩展理论,引入电子束焊接缺陷尺寸参数,建立超高周疲劳寿命损耗方程,定量预测不同电子束焊接缺陷的高强钛合金焊接结构超高周疲劳寿命。本发明通过超声疲劳试验,建立含电子束焊接缺陷尺寸参数的超高周疲劳寿命损耗方程;只需要通过金相剖面或无损检测,获得电子束焊接缺陷尺寸,即可定量预测不同电子束焊接缺陷的高强钛合金焊接结构超高周疲劳寿命。该方法避免了大量的电子束焊接接头超高周疲劳试验,即可完成超高周疲劳寿命评估,具有简单、快速、经济优势。

Description

一种高强钛合金电子束焊接接头超高周疲劳寿命预测方法
技术领域
本发明属于有色金属技术领域,特别涉及一种高强钛合金电子束焊接接头超高周疲劳寿命预测方法。
背景技术
高强钛合金具有高强轻质、耐高温、耐腐蚀与成型性优良等优点,在航空结构、航空发动机压气机叶片、汽轮机叶片等领域得到广泛运用。钛合金结构部件往往采用电子束焊接成型,在高速运转时承受高频振动疲劳载荷,在长期服役过程中承受的循环载荷可达109周次,即超高周疲劳。该种焊接方法高比能量,焊缝热影响区小,但仍不可避免存在焊接气孔等缺陷,超高周疲劳裂纹优先在这些焊接气孔萌生扩展至断裂。针对高强钛合金电子束焊接结构部件超高周疲劳寿命预测,是保障高强钛合金结构高可靠性服役的基础。
对于高强钛合金电子束焊接接头超高周疲劳而言,超高周疲劳裂纹萌生于焊接气孔,非连续性纳米级扩展,形成细晶粒区,疲劳损伤是非线性损伤特征,但目前非线性寿命损耗方程主要是以唯象方式,未直接反映电子束焊接缺陷尺寸,因此目前的寿命模型不能准确的预测高强钛合金电子束焊接结构超高周疲劳寿命。
发明内容
本发明提供一种高强钛合金电子束焊接结构超高周疲劳寿命预测方法,采用超声疲劳试验获取高强钛合金电子束焊接接头超高周疲劳性能,基于纳米裂纹扩展理论,引入电子束焊接缺陷尺寸参数,建立超高周疲劳寿命损耗方程,定量预测不同电子束焊接缺陷的高强钛合金焊接结构超高周疲劳寿命。
为解决上述问题,本发明采用下述技术手段。
一种高强钛合金电子束焊接接头超高周疲劳寿命预测方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)取x个高强度钛合金电子束焊接接头,x>1,并分别标记为试样1~x,对试样1~x进行进行超高次疲劳试验,获得试样1~x的应力幅Δσ及所对应的疲劳寿命N;
(2)对试样1~x进行扫描显微镜或金相观测,测得试样1~x的电子塑焊接接气孔尺寸alnc;根据公式(α)计算缺陷应力强度因子ΔKInc
Figure BDA0001779120670000021
(3)依据Paris公式,变换公式(α)为公式(β):
Figure BDA0001779120670000022
其中ΔKth为疲劳裂纹扩展有效门槛值,其计算公式为
Figure BDA0001779120670000024
其中μ为材料切变模量,b为材料晶格伯氏矢量,C与m为材料常数,公式(β)即为钛合金电子束焊接接头超高周疲劳寿命方程。
进一步地,将步骤(1)中所得到的数据进行线性拟合并结合公式(θ)计算得到C与m的数值,公式(θ)为:
Figure BDA0001779120670000023
进一步地,步骤(1)中所进行的超高周次疲劳试验,其中试验频率为20kHz。
本发明的有益效果为:通过超声疲劳试验,建立含电子束焊接缺陷尺寸参数的超高周疲劳寿命损耗方程;只需要通过金相剖面或无损检测,获得电子束焊接缺陷尺寸,即可定量预测不同电子束焊接缺陷的高强钛合金焊接结构超高周疲劳寿命。该方法避免了大量的电子束焊接接头超高周疲劳试验,即可完成超高周疲劳寿命评估,具有简单、快速、经济优势。
具体实施方式
以下将结合实施例对本发明的构思、具体结构及产生的技术效果进行清楚、完整地描述,以充分地理解本发明的目的、特征和效果。显然,所描述的实施例只是本发明的一部分实施例,而不是全部实施例,基于本发明的实施例,本领域的技术人员在不付出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的其他实施例,均属于本发明保护的范围。另外,文中所提到的所有联接/连接关系,并非单指构件直接相接,而是指可根据具体实施情况,通过添加或减少联接辅件,来组成更优的联接结构。本发明创造中的各个技术特征,在不互相矛盾冲突的前提下可以交互组合。
实施例1
一种高强钛合金电子束焊接结构超高周疲劳寿命预测模型,包括以下步骤:
(1)取10个高强钛合金电子塑焊接接头,并依次标记为试样1~10,对试样1~10采用超声疲劳方法进行超高周次疲劳试验,试验频率20kHz,获得试样1~10的应力幅Δσ及其对应的疲劳寿命N的数值,具体数值见表1;
(2)对试样1~10的高强钛合金的疲劳断口进行扫描电子显微镜观察,测得试样1~10的电子束焊接气孔尺寸aInc,具体数值见表1;并计算疲劳裂纹扩展有效门槛值
Figure BDA0001779120670000031
其中μ为材料切变模量,b为材料晶格伯氏矢量;
根据公式(α),公式(α)为:
Figure BDA0001779120670000032
为分别计算试样1~10的缺陷应力强度因子ΔKInc,具体如表1所示;
表1高强钛合金电子束焊接接头超高周疲劳试验数据
Figure BDA0001779120670000033
Figure BDA0001779120670000041
(3)对表1中应力幅Δσ数据及其对应的疲劳寿命N数据进行线性拟合,并结合公式(θ),计算出m=12.9;C=6.43×10-20,公式(θ)为:
Figure BDA0001779120670000042
(4)将上述步骤中计算出的参数带入公式(β)中,公式(β)为:
Figure BDA0001779120670000043
即得到钛合金电子束焊接结构超高周疲劳寿命方程为:
Figure BDA0001779120670000044
(5)对某一钛合金电子束焊接接头进行金相剖面,测得其焊接缺陷尺寸aInc为30μm,由公式(γ)计算:当应力幅Δσ=600MPa,其超高周疲劳寿命Nf=3.97×106周次。
以上对本发明的较佳实施方式进行了具体说明,但本发明创造并不限于所述实施例,熟悉本领域的技术人员在不违背本发明精神的前提下还可作出种种的等同变型或替换,这些等同的变型或替换均包含在本申请权利要求所限定的范围内。

Claims (2)

1.一种高强钛合金电子束焊接接头超高周疲劳寿命预测方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)取x个高强度钛合金电子束焊接接头,x>1,并分别标记为试样1~x,对试样1~x进行超高周疲劳试验,获得试样1~x的应力幅Δσ及所对应的疲劳寿命N;
(2)对试样1~x进行扫描显微镜或金相观测,测得试样1~x的电子束焊接气孔尺寸alnc;根据公式(α)计算缺陷应力强度因子ΔKInc
Figure FDA0003091953420000011
(3)依据Paris公式,变换公式(α)为公式(β):
Figure FDA0003091953420000012
其中ΔKth为疲劳裂纹扩展有效门槛值,其计算公式为
Figure FDA0003091953420000013
其中,Nf为超高周疲劳寿命,μ为材料切变模量,b为材料晶格伯氏矢量,C与m为材料常数,公式(β)即为钛合金电子束焊接接头超高周疲劳寿命方程;
将步骤(1)中所得到的数据进行线性拟合并结合公式(θ)计算得到C与m的数值,公式(θ)为
Figure FDA0003091953420000014
2.据权利要求1所述的一种高强钛合金电子束焊接接头超高周疲劳寿命预测方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中所进行的超高周疲劳试验,其中试验频率为20kHz。
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