CN109141423A - Evacuation route navigation system based on toxic gas diffusion influence - Google Patents
Evacuation route navigation system based on toxic gas diffusion influence Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002341 toxic gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000004422 calculation algorithm Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000013480 data collection Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000007096 poisonous effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001550 time effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000013178 mathematical model Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000013500 data storage Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002574 poison Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000547 structure data Methods 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical group [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000034994 death Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000517 death Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005713 exacerbation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100001261 hazardous Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000116 mitigating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013139 quantization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005295 random walk Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000011218 segmentation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C21/00—Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00
- G01C21/20—Instruments for performing navigational calculations
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Abstract
The invention relates to an evacuation path navigation system based on toxic gas diffusion influence, which comprises a toxic gas leakage data acquisition terminal, a toxic gas diffusion simulation calculation module, an evacuation path calculation module, a path navigation terminal and an information transmission module. The toxic gas leakage data acquisition terminal transmits the acquired toxic gas related data to the toxic gas diffusion analog computation module for resolving, determines an optimal evacuation path from the set point to the placement point, and transmits the optimal evacuation path to the path navigation display terminal, so that the safe and efficient evacuation of people is assisted. The evacuation path navigation system considers the disaster risk and the change of the path, can provide dynamic transfer path decision support for the transfer of the disaster-stricken people, reduces the disaster risk and casualties of people, and avoids blind transfer and disordered evacuation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the emergency evacuation path guiding systems under a kind of hazardous condition, more particularly to a kind of be directed to poison gas
Body extend influence in real time under evacuation path guiding system.
Background technique
As continuous exacerbation is lost in various natural calamities and man-made disaster caused by human society, how to carry out science
Efficient contingency management is a challenging key subjects.In face of the natural calamities such as flood, hurricane and building fire
The burst accidents such as calamity, toxic gas leakage, require will crowd's rapid evacuation in danger zone to safety area.And at this point, such as
What Fast simulation disaster extends influence in real time, to assess disaster to the coupling influence of evacuation transfer transportation network, and then makes
Efficiently evacuation transfer path guarantees that people life property safety has important meaning for mitigating disaster or causality loss entirely for Dingan County
Justice.
Patent document CN108171373A discloses a kind of chemical industrial park poison gas leakage best-effort path planing method.It is used
Entire chemical industrial park is abstracted as meshed network figure by GIS technology, is calculated by improved Gauss plume dispersion model each in garden
The poison gas concentration of a point.Malicious load is calculated using improved segmentation calculation, i.e. poison gas hurts human body on every road
Harmful quantization.Chemical industrial park evacuation personnel are defined as using associated safety and choose suitable safe sanctuary, using Dijkstra
The Length Weight in dijkstra's algorithm is converted malicious load by algorithm, so that it may calculate the optimal road for leading to target point
Diameter.But the method in the document is only to plan best-effort path according to current poison gas concentration, does not account for the following poison gas
The variation and diffusion of concentration may fall into following predicament for poison gas escape scene: although path shows the label when resolving
Point poison gas concentration is very low very safe, but causes personnel to fall into until personnel have built up according to poison gas concentration when reaching the mark point
Enter more dangerous condition；Even if the frequent alternative routing of personnel necessarily will also result in the decline of evacuation efficiency to adapt to concentration variation,
In turn result in the raising of personal injury risk.
Patent document CN106875615A discloses a kind of fire alarm and actively dredges Internet of Things and early warning, the side of dredging
Method determines mark point by temperature, humidity, CO concentration, CO2 concentration and the smokescope in detection monitoring air, and
Further by excluding mark point, determining best-effort path using dijkstra's algorithm.It is similar to keep up with a patent document, this article
Method in offering is only to plan best-effort path according to current poison gas concentration, do not account for the variation of the following smokescope with
Diffusion may fall into following predicament for poison gas escape scene: although path shows the mark point smokescope very when resolving
It is low very safe, but cause personnel to fall into more dangerous border until personnel have built up according to poison gas concentration when reaching the mark point
Ground；Even if the frequent alternative routing of personnel necessarily will also result in the decline of evacuation efficiency, in turn result in personnel to adapt to concentration variation
The raising of injury risk.And the method in the invention is only limitted to the personnel escape of Indoor environment fire.
Patent document CN104331750A discloses a kind of optimal best-effort path acquisition methods based on dijkstra's algorithm,
For the non-fire disaster escaping occupied in building, comprising the following steps: 1) obtain position and the escape of the non-easy generation fire for occupying building
Outlet port；2) node set on possible best-effort path is obtained according to the position and escape opening position of easily generation fire；
3) according to the node set on possible best-effort path, the optimization best-effort path of each outlet is obtained by dijkstra's algorithm；
4) according to the non-data information for occupying building inner sensor and obtaining, optimal escape road is selected in the optimization best-effort path of each outlet
Diameter.This method is mainly used for solving the problems, such as occurring in building egress selection and path optimization when fire, does not account for disaster
Influence, be not also suitable for crowd under the conditions of outdoor toxic gas leakage transfers and resettles scene, because outdoor be not present egress selection
Problem.
In terms of toxic gas diffusion simulation, existing method includes Gaussian mist model, random walk model etc..In best-effort path
Navigation aspect, existing research or the technology overwhelming majority are that the passage speed in evacuation network in each segmental arc is constant or permanent at times
It is carried out under fixed hypothesis, seldom considers the Real Time Effect of each segmental arc traffic status in disaster diffusion couple evacuation network, however permitted
The diffusion of disaster-ridden evil gradually carries out at any time, and different geographical locations is also different by the influence degree of disaster.And
And how current navigation system, only path guiding system under normal circumstances under harmful influence or toxic gas leakage situation, mention
It is in the industry at present still a blank for considering the evacuation path navigation service under poison gas extends influence in real time.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem present in currently available technology is current navigation system, only path navigation under normal circumstances
Influence caused by path is evacuated in system, the variation and diffusion couple for not accounting for the following poison gas substance.During emergency evacuation, no
Only to consider time factor, and to consider to evacuate the disaster-stricken risk level in each section in network, therefore crowd is quickly turned
The calculation result for keeping away calamity path is moved, is not required nothing more than quickly, and to keep away calamity.Therefore crowd's fast transfer keeps away calamity path planning and is exactly
Determine total transit time of the evacuation destination node where one from the evacuation source node to safety area where evacuee
The minimum path of most short and disaster-stricken risk level.However the two is often difficult to meet simultaneously.
The present inventor is in order to solve the above technical problems, one toxic gas leakage calamity emergency evacuation path guiding system of building is flat
Platform, the orderly safe escape of support staff.
Specifically, the invention proposes following technical solutions:
On the one hand, the present invention provides a kind of evacuation path guiding system influenced based on toxic gas diffusion, the system packets
Include toxic gas leakage data collection station, toxic gas diffusion simulation calculation module, evacuation path resolving module, path navigation terminal and letter
Cease transmission module.
Preferably, above-mentioned system, wherein the toxic gas leakage data collection station includes poisonous gas detecting instrument,
Preferably, the poisonous gas detecting instrument is equipped with information transmission modular a.
Preferably, above-mentioned system, wherein the toxic gas diffusion simulation calculation module includes data sink, data
Memory and toxic gas diffusion simulation calculate single-chip microcontroller.
Preferably, above-mentioned system, wherein it includes having evacuation path to resolve function that the evacuation path, which resolves module,
Single-chip microcontroller.
Preferably, above-mentioned system, wherein the path navigation terminal includes display screen and information transmission modular b；It is excellent
Choosing, the path navigation terminal includes positioning chip.
Preferably, above-mentioned system, wherein the information transmission modular includes wireless transport module and/or wired biography
Defeated module, it is preferred that the wireless transport module uses GPRS, 3G, 4G and/or WIFI communication mode.
On the other hand, the present invention also provides the methods of above-mentioned system navigation, comprising the following steps:
Step 1: toxic gas leakage data collection station, by the type, leakage rate and/or concentration of collected toxic gas,
By first information transmission module, it is transferred to toxic gas diffusion simulation calculation module；
Step 2: the overall process of the toxic gas diffusion simulation calculation module output toxic gas diffusion and/or the section of different periods
Disaster-stricken value-at-risk is transferred to path and resolves module by the second information transmission modular；With
Step 3: evacuation path resolves module and is calculated and outputted from meeting point to settlement according to the disaster-stricken value-at-risk in section
Optimal evacuation path is transferred to path navigation display terminal by third information transmission modular；
The method optionally includes step 4: navigation terminal resolves the inquiry of module transmitting path to evacuation path and asks
It asks, obtains optimal evacuation path.
Preferably, above-mentioned method, wherein the disaster-stricken value-at-risk method in each section of different periods is such as in the step 2
Under:
(a) by map grid, the poison gas concentration in each grid of t moment is counted, for k-th of grid, the poison of t moment
Gas concentration is denoted as ρ (k, t)；
(b) by section a gridding, the corresponding grid set in section is set as Gij；
(c) the disaster-stricken value-at-risk r of section aijCalculation formula are as follows:
Wherein λ is relevant coefficient with poison gas type toxicity size.
Preferably, above-mentioned method, wherein the solution process in optimal evacuation path is as follows in step 3:
(a) the disaster-stricken value-at-risk in each section is obtained, it is assumed that the normal travelling time of section a is ta, then section a's goes out
Row impedance are as follows:
cij=rij·tij
(b) shortest path from meeting point to settlement is calculated using dijkstra's algorithm according to trip impedance.
Preferably, above-mentioned method, wherein the trip impedance founding mathematical models are directed to according to disaster Real Time Effect
It is as follows:
Preferably, above-mentioned method, wherein the dijkstra's algorithm is as follows:
Step 1: initialization, algorithm iteration step number i=0 enable S0={ v1, Q (v1)=0, for
Enable T (vk)=+ ∞, ζ (vk)=M, enables m=1；
Step2: if vn∈Si, then algorithm terminates, at this time Q (vn) it is from v1To vnRequired most short evacuation time, Un
It indicates from v1To vnMinimum comprehensive impedance value, corresponding path is best evacuation path, is otherwise transferred to Step3；
Step3: rightAndNode vj, enable tm=Q (vm),If
Uj< T (vj), then enable T (vj)=Uj, ζ (vj)=M is transferred to Step4, is otherwise directly transferred to Step4；
Step4: it takesIt enables
It is transferred to Step2.
Preferably, above-mentioned method, wherein mathematics is established for the trip impedance according to disaster simulation prediction result
Model is as follows:
Preferably, above-mentioned method, wherein dijkstra's algorithm is as follows:
Step 1: initialization, algorithm iteration step number i=0 enable S0={ v1, Q (v1)=0, forEnable T (vk)
=+∞, ζ (vk)=M, enables m=1；
Step2: if vn∈Si, then algorithm terminates, at this time Q (vn) it is from v1To vnRequired shortest time, UnIt indicates
From v1To vnMinimum comprehensive impedance value, corresponding path is best evacuation path, is otherwise transferred to Step3；
Step3: rightAndNode vj, enable tm=Q (vm),
tj=tm+tmj；If Uj< T (vj), then enable T (vj)=Uj, ζ (vj)=M is transferred to Step4, is otherwise directly transferred to Step4；
Step4: it takesIt enables It is transferred to Step2.
Preferably, above-mentioned method, wherein constraint condition is as follows:
And
xij=0,1, i=1,2 ..., n；J=1,2 ..., n.
On the other hand, the present invention also provides above-mentioned system poison gas leakage environment navigation application.
The beneficial effect comprise that
The present invention considers the disaster-stricken risk and its variation in path, can shift for disaster-stricken crowd and provide dynamic transfer road
Diameter decision support reduces the disaster-stricken risk of personnel and injures and deaths, avoids blindly shifting and unordered evacuation.
With reference to the accompanying drawing with each specific embodiment, the present invention and its advantageous effects are described in detail,
Wherein:
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is present invention evacuation path guiding system schematic diagram, including toxic gas leakage data collection station, toxic gas diffusion mould
Quasi- computing module, evacuation path resolve module, path navigation display terminal.
Fig. 2 is section gridding schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is application examples map.
Fig. 4 is application examples relief of traffic network.
Fig. 5 is that application examples toxic gas diffusion amount changes with time figure.
Fig. 6 is that path optimization's result compares figure, be followed successively by figure scene 1.-scene 6..
Specific embodiment
It is a primary object of the present invention to construct a kind of evacuation path guiding system that consideration toxic gas diffusion influences, based on poison
Gas leakage data, terrain data, relief of traffic network structure data, meteorological data etc., determine the overall process of toxic gas diffusion, determine
The disaster-stricken value-at-risk in each section of different periods is calculated from meeting point to peace according to the disaster-stricken value-at-risk in each section of different periods
Optimal evacuation path a little is set, and is sent to path navigation display terminal, provides specific evacuation path navigation service for personnel.
Variable and nominal definition are as follows in the present invention:
(1) evacuation network G (V, A) is set, wherein V={ v1,v2,...,vnIt is limited node set, A is finite arc set,v1,v2,...,vnIndicate each node in network, v1For source node, the initial position of evacuee, v are representedn
For purpose node, the safety area that evacuee needs to reach is represented.
(2)lijFor node vi,vj, (vi,vj) arc between ∈ A length；
(3)tijIndicate that evacuee passes through arc (vi,vj) used in time；tiIndicate that evacuee reaches node viWhen
It carves, tjIndicate evacuee along arc (vi,vj) reach node vjAt the time of, it is clear that tij=tj-ti；
(4)rijIndicate section (vi,vj) in the disaster-stricken value-at-risk of t moment, (vi,vj)∈A。
(5)cijIndicate section (vi,vj) comprehensive impedance, (vi,vj)∈A。
(6) decision variable xij=0 or 1, wherein xij=1 indicates arc (vi,vj) on selected evacuation path；xij=0 table
Show arc (vi,vj) not on selected evacuation path.
(7) evacuate path: evacuation path P is defined as an active path from evacuation source node to evacuation destination node, P
For the ordered sequence of nodes, if pkEach node to include in path P is evacuating the number in network, then path P can
WithIt indicates, wherein 1≤pk≤ n, k are nodesProcess serial number in path P.p1=1,
pk=n, i.e. path P originate in evacuation source node, terminate at evacuation destination node.In view of the feasibility and emergency of evacuation plan
The time urgency of evacuation, evacuation path P answer feasible and do not include circuit.
In defined above or noun, subscript i, j, k and n are positive integer.
The present invention provides a kind of evacuation path guiding systems influenced based on toxic gas diffusion comprising toxic gas leakage data
Acquisition terminal, toxic gas diffusion simulation calculation module, evacuation path resolve module, path navigation display terminal and wireless transmission mould
Block.
The present invention also provides the methods that evacuation path guiding system navigates through the invention, and steps are as follows:
Step 1: the toxic gas leakage data collection station of poisonous gas leakage source position being set, has poison gas for collected
Type, leakage rate, concentration of body etc. are transferred to toxic gas diffusion simulation calculation module by wireless transport module.
Step 2: toxic gas diffusion simulation calculation module is based on toxic gas leakage data, terrain data, relief of traffic network structure
Data, meteorological data etc. determine the overall process of toxic gas diffusion, are simulated by Gaussian plume model and calculate prediction different moments each road
Section poison gas concentration, determines the disaster-stricken value-at-risk in each section of different periods.Wherein, t moment section (vi,vj) disaster-stricken value-at-risk r meter
Calculation process is as follows:
(a) by map grid, the poison gas concentration in each grid of t moment is counted, for k-th of grid, the poison of t moment
Gas concentration is denoted as ρ (k, t)；
(b) as shown in Fig. 2, by section (vi,vj) gridding, the corresponding grid set in section is set as Gij；
(c) section (vi,vj) disaster-stricken value-at-risk rijCalculation formula are as follows:
Wherein λ is relevant coefficient with poison gas type toxicity size, and λ > 0, toxicity is bigger, and λ is bigger.
λ can be according to different types of poison gas, and concentration when generating identical injury to the person according to it, which is normalized, to be asked
, concentration is the smallest to be set as ρmin, maximum to be set as ρmax, for poison gas m, a certain concentration referring to when injuring is generated to the person
For ρm, corresponding λ are as follows:
Step 3: evacuation path resolves module and is calculated according to the disaster-stricken value-at-risk in each section of different periods from meeting point
To the optimal evacuation path of settlement；The solution process in optimal evacuation path is as follows:
(a) the disaster-stricken value-at-risk in each section is obtained, it is assumed that section (vi,vj) the normal travelling time be tij, then road
Section (vi,vj) trip impedance are as follows:
cij=rij·tij
(b) shortest path from meeting point to settlement is calculated using dijkstra's algorithm according to link proportion.
Step 4: evacuation path resolves module and sends fixed navigation display terminal or hand-held path for optimal evacuation path
Navigate display terminal, and fixed navigation display terminal or hand-held path navigation display terminal show the schematic diagram and peace of toxic gas diffusion
Full evacuation path, to assist the safe and efficient evacuation of crowd.
Current dijkstra's algorithm is to solve for the efficient algorithm of classical critical path problem, in all kinds of routing problems
Extensive application, the basic thought of algorithm are gradually to seek shortest path outward from source node.And the present invention is based on current
Dijkstra's algorithm propose improved path and resolve mathematical model and improved dijkstra's algorithm.
In currently preferred air navigation aid, for above-mentioned steps 3, Real Time Effect application evacuation road can be spread according to disaster
Diameter resolves module and resolves optimal evacuation path:
With the most short and disaster-stricken minimum optimization aim of risk level of total evacuation time needed for passage path, establishes and consider calamity
The mathematical model of the emergency evacuation Path Selection of evil diffusion Real Time Effect.Real-time section impedance function isOptimized model is as follows:
S.t.
(constraint 1)
(constraint 2)
xij=0,1, i=1,2 ..., n；J=1,2 ..., n (constraint 3)
Wherein, constraint 1 indicates xijValue constitute from source node v1To purpose node vnA feasible evacuation path；About
Beam 2 indicates to be free of circuit in evacuation path；Constraint 3 is decision variable xijType constraint.
The present invention provides the improved dijkstra's algorithms of above-mentioned model solution, for the node in network, with Q label
It indicates the power of the shortest path of the point, the upper bound of the power from the shortest path to the point is indicated with T label:
Node vjQ label be denoted as Q (vj), T label is denoted as T (vj), the node with Q label after the i-th of algorithm recycles
Collection is combined into Si, with ζ (vj) record from v1To vjPath P on node vjPrevious node, if M be a very big positive number.
Step 1: initialization (algorithm iteration step number i=0) enables S0={ v1, Q (v1)=0, forEnable T (vk)
=+∞, ζ (vk)=M, m are the last one nodes in fixed label set, enable m=1.
Step2: if vn∈Si, then algorithm terminates, at this time Q (vn) it is from v1To vnRequired most short evacuation time, Un
It indicates from v1To vnMinimum comprehensive impedance value, corresponding path is best evacuation path, is otherwise transferred to Step3.
Step3: rightAndNode vj, enable tm=Q (vm),
Wherein UjFor start node v1To node vjAccumulation impedance；If Uj< T (vj), then enable T (vj)=Uj, ζ (vj)=M, turns Step4,
Otherwise directly turn Step4.
Step4: it takesIt enablesTurn
Step2。
It, can be according to disaster simulation prediction result, using evacuation for above-mentioned steps 3 in currently preferred air navigation aid
Path resolves module and resolves optimal evacuation path:
For evacuating path known to oneHave:
Formula 1 indicates that personnel are passing through section (pk,pk+1) when total disaster-stricken risk；Formula 2 indicates personnel by entire
Shift total disaster-stricken risk when route.More generally, time-varying link proportion function isIt builds
Be based on hazard prediction evacuation path resolve model it is as follows:
Constraint condition is used as using above-mentioned constraint 1, constraint 2, constraint 3.
The present invention provides the improved dijkstra's algorithms of model solution:
Node vjQ label be denoted as Q (vj), T label is denoted as T (vj), the node with Q label after the i-th of algorithm recycles
Collection is combined into Si, with ζ (vj) record from v1To vjPath P on node vjPrevious node, if M be a very big positive number.
Step 1: initialization (algorithm iteration step number i=0) enables S0={ v1, Q (v1)=0, forEnable T (vk)
=+∞, ζ (vk)=M, enables m=1.
Step2: if vn∈Si, then algorithm terminates, at this time Q (vn) it is from v1To vnRequired shortest time, UnIt indicates
From v1To vnMinimum comprehensive impedance value, corresponding path is best evacuation path, is otherwise transferred to Step3.
Step3: rightAndNode vj, enable tm=Q (vm),
Wherein UjFor start node v1To node vjAccumulation impedance, tj=tm+tmj；If Uj< T (vj), then enable T (vj)=Uj, ζ (vj)=
M turns Step4, otherwise directly turns Step4.
Step4: it takesIt enables Turn Step2.
Application examples 1
It is assumed that the explosion of scene oil depot leads to poisonous gas leakage, as shown in Figure 3.Wherein, there is a meeting point, be denoted as A；Have
One settlement, is denoted as C.Relief of traffic network is constructed, is illustrated in fig. 4 shown below.The network includes 160 sections altogether, and two-way about 320
A directed arc.Map grid is melted into 593*378 square net, the side length of 1 square net is 30 meters or so.With letter
Science and technology XL61D type gas sensor wireless monitoring instrument is found as poison gas leak data acquisition terminal, is adopted according to toxic gas leakage data
Collect the collected gas data of terminal, setting poison gas type is carbon monoxide CO, and initial maximum poison gas concentration is 6000ppm/s.
By in the PIC12C508 single-chip microcontroller of Gauss misty rain toxic gas diffusion simulation program write-in toxic gas diffusion simulation calculation module, poison gas expands
It dissipates simulation calculation module and receives data, and carry out toxic gas diffusion simulation.Toxic gas diffusion amount, which changes with time, to be illustrated in fig. 5 shown below,
A length of 1000s when emulation, simulation step length 10s, i.e. iteration once indicate 10s in practice.Simulating windy condition, (wind direction is west
North wind, wind speed 6m/s) with calm condition under toxic gas diffusion, and assess the disaster-stricken risk in section.
Based on the scene in table 1, keep away calamity path optimization model and algorithm using fast transfer of the invention, and will have wind and
Real-time disaster is considered under calm condition to be influenced, the disaster that looks to the future differentiation, not to consider that the path of three kinds of situations such as disaster influence is excellent
Change result to compare and analyze, wherein do not consider to assume to reveal without poison gas when toxic gas diffusion, using the Dijkstra not made improvements
Algorithm resolves path.As a result as shown in table 1 and Fig. 6.
Table 1
Consider the path optimization model that real-time toxic gas diffusion influences
It is optimal that the transfer resolved in some cases, which keeps away calamity path, such as the scene under windy condition is 2.,
1. relative to situation, although increasing evacuation transfer time, disaster-stricken value-at-risk is reduced to zero, has reached the mesh for keeping away calamity completely
's；But the transfer resolved in yet some other cases keeps away calamity path and is likely to be the worst, such as in calm situation
Scene 5., if only considering the damage on current road network, then it is possible that ignoring the variation of the following disaster, not only increase
Add evacuation transfer time, and is added significantly to disaster-stricken risk.
And the path optimization model for the disaster differentiation that looks to the future It is in office
Other opposite models in the case of what, clear out the path come be all it is optimal, such as scene 3. with scene 6..Because of the model
Can either guarantee evacuation efficiency, and can guarantee shift risk it is minimum, it is most important that it not only considers at the moment disaster-stricken
Situation, but the trend decision that can be more spread according to disaster goes out really to be able to evade or reduce potential disaster and influences, therefore mould
Type is optimal.
Claims (15)
1. a kind of evacuation path guiding system influenced based on toxic gas diffusion, which is characterized in that the system comprises toxic gas leakages
Data collection station, toxic gas diffusion simulation calculation module, evacuation path resolve module, path navigation terminal and information and transmit mould
Block.
2. system according to claim 1, wherein the toxic gas leakage data collection station includes toxic gas detection
Instrument, it is preferred that the poisonous gas detecting instrument is equipped with information transmission modular a.
3. system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the toxic gas diffusion simulation calculation module include data sink,
Data storage and toxic gas diffusion simulation calculate single-chip microcontroller.
4. system according to claim 1-3, wherein it includes having evacuation road that the evacuation path, which resolves module,
The single-chip microcontroller of diameter resolving function.
5. system according to claim 1-4, wherein the path navigation terminal includes that display screen and information pass
Defeated module b；Preferably, the path navigation terminal includes positioning chip.
6. system according to claim 1-5, wherein the information transmission modular includes wireless transport module
And/or wire transmission module, it is preferred that the wireless transport module uses GPRS, 3G, 4G and/or WIFI communication mode.
7. a kind of method navigated using system described in any one of claims 1-6, comprising the following steps:
Step 1: toxic gas leakage data collection station passes through the type, leakage rate and/or concentration of collected toxic gas
First information transmission module is transferred to toxic gas diffusion simulation calculation module；
Step 2: the overall process of the toxic gas diffusion simulation calculation module output toxic gas diffusion and/or the section of different periods are disaster-stricken
Value-at-risk is transferred to path and resolves module by the second information transmission modular；With
Step 3: evacuation path resolves module and is calculated and outputted optimal from meeting point to settlement according to the disaster-stricken value-at-risk in section
It evacuates path and path navigation display terminal is transferred to by third information transmission modular；
The method optionally includes step 4: navigation terminal resolves module transmitting path inquiry request to evacuation path, obtains
Take optimal evacuation path.
8. according to the method described in claim 7, wherein in the step 2, the disaster-stricken value-at-risk method in each section of different periods
It is as follows:
(a) by map grid, the poison gas concentration in each grid of t moment is counted, for k-th of grid, the poison gas of t moment is dense
Degree is denoted as ρ (k, t)；
(b) by section a gridding, the corresponding grid set in section is set as Gij；
(c) the disaster-stricken value-at-risk r of section aijCalculation formula are as follows:
Wherein λ is relevant coefficient with poison gas type toxicity size.
9. according to the described in any item methods of claim 7-8, wherein the solution process in optimal evacuation path is as follows in step 3:
(a) the disaster-stricken value-at-risk in each section is obtained, it is assumed that the normal travelling time of section a is ta, then the trip of section a hinders
It is anti-are as follows:
cij=rij·tij
(b) shortest path from meeting point to settlement is calculated using dijkstra's algorithm according to trip impedance.
10. according to the method described in claim 9, wherein, establishing mathematics for the trip impedance according to disaster Real Time Effect
Model is as follows:
11. according to the method described in claim 10, wherein, the dijkstra's algorithm is as follows:
Step1: initialization, algorithm iteration step number i=0 enable S0={ v1, Q (v1)=0, forEnable T (vk)=+ ∞,
ζ(vk)=M, enables m=1；
Step2: if vn∈Si, then algorithm terminates, at this time Q (vn) it is from v1To vnRequired most short evacuation time, UnIt indicates
From v1To vnMinimum comprehensive impedance value, corresponding path is best evacuation path, is otherwise transferred to Step3；
Step3: rightAndNode vj, enable tm=Q (vm),
If Uj< T (vj), then enable T (vj)=Uj, ζ (vj)=M is transferred to Step4, is otherwise directly transferred to Step4；
Step4: it takesIt enablesTurn
Enter Step2.
12. according to the method described in claim 9, wherein, being established according to disaster simulation prediction result for the trip impedance
Mathematical model is as follows:
13. according to the method for claim 12, wherein dijkstra's algorithm is as follows:
Step1: initialization, algorithm iteration step number i=0 enable S0={ v1, Q (v1)=0, forEnable T (vk)=+ ∞,
ζ(vk)=M, enables m=1；
Step2: if vn∈Si, then algorithm terminates, at this time Q (vn) it is from v1To vnRequired shortest time, UnIt indicates from v1Extremely
vnMinimum comprehensive impedance value, corresponding path is best evacuation path, is otherwise transferred to Step3；
Step3: rightAndNode vj, enable tm=Q (vm),
tj=tm+tmj；If Uj< T (vj), then enable T (vj)=Uj, ζ (vj)=M is transferred to Step4, is otherwise directly transferred to Step4；
Step4: it takesIt enables
It is transferred to Step2.
14. the described in any item methods of 0-13 according to claim 1, wherein constraint condition is as follows:
And
xij=0,1, i=1,2 ..., n；J=1,2 ..., n.
15. system described in any one of claims 1-6 is in the navigation application of poison gas leakage environment.
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