CN109139245B - Engine without crankshaft and control method thereof - Google Patents

Engine without crankshaft and control method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109139245B
CN109139245B CN201811155467.8A CN201811155467A CN109139245B CN 109139245 B CN109139245 B CN 109139245B CN 201811155467 A CN201811155467 A CN 201811155467A CN 109139245 B CN109139245 B CN 109139245B
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China
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power cylinder
cylinder
power
piston
cooling oil
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CN201811155467.8A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN109139245A (en
Inventor
王俊昌
刘近平
李军民
李松
吕掌权
刁苏顺
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Anyang Institute of Technology
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Anyang Institute of Technology
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00—Other engines
    • F02B75/02—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
    • F01M1/00—Pressure lubrication
    • F01M1/08—Lubricating systems characterised by the provision therein of lubricant jetting means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P1/00—Air cooling
    • F01P1/02—Arrangements for cooling cylinders or cylinder heads, e.g. ducting cooling-air from its pressure source to cylinders or along cylinders
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P3/00—Liquid cooling
    • F01P3/02—Arrangements for cooling cylinders or cylinder heads
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00—Other engines
    • F02B75/16—Engines characterised by number of cylinders, e.g. single-cylinder engines
    • F02B75/18—Multi-cylinder engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/30—Controlling fuel injection
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P1/00—Air cooling
    • F01P1/02—Arrangements for cooling cylinders or cylinder heads, e.g. ducting cooling-air from its pressure source to cylinders or along cylinders
    • F01P2001/023—Cooling cylinders
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P3/00—Liquid cooling
    • F01P3/02—Arrangements for cooling cylinders or cylinder heads
    • F01P2003/021—Cooling cylinders
    • F01P2003/022—Cooling cylinders combined with air cooling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00—Other engines
    • F02B75/02—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke
    • F02B2075/022—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle
    • F02B2075/025—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle two

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Lubrication Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a crankless engine, which is formed by combining at least two power cylinders, and comprises power cylinders, a secondary expansion gas channel between the power cylinders, a pulse type lubricating system, a fuel oil injection system, a cylinder body temperature control system, an oxygen injection system, a ventilation system, a starting system, an ECU (electronic control unit) and a power output system, wherein the power cylinders taking the reciprocating linear motion of an output piston in the cylinders as a basic function are taken as a unit, waste gas in one power cylinder close to the tail sound of combustion expansion work doing is led to the lower part of the piston of the other power cylinder in a compression stroke through the secondary expansion gas channel to do secondary expansion work, meanwhile, the heat at the top of the power cylinder is brought to the bottom of the power cylinder through a double-layer spiral cooling liquid pipeline in a mode of combining oil cooling and air cooling, the secondary expansion work doing capability of gas is improved, and the heat efficiency of the engine is improved, the final power output uses a planetary gear mechanism to convert the reciprocating linear motion into continuous rotary motion.

Description

Engine without crankshaft and control method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of engines, relates to a two-stroke engine technology, and aims to improve the expansion work-doing capability of an engine and improve the thermal efficiency of the engine.
Background
How to improve the thermal efficiency of the engine is a research subject with a hundred years history and is a long-lasting research hotspot, such as: an Atkinson cycle engine, a Miller cycle engine and the like are expected to adopt an ideal constant pressure heat release mode or a constant volume heat release mode to increase the expansion volume of high-temperature and high-pressure gas and realize the cycle of the super-expansion engine.
Due to the limitation of the structure of the traditional engine, no matter a four-stroke engine or a two-stroke engine, gas with higher temperature and higher pressure cannot be introduced into a space formed below a piston, working media cannot be expanded continuously to do work on the piston, and further improvement of the combustion efficiency of the engine is severely restricted.
On the other hand, the exhaust gas discharged by the traditional engine still has higher temperature and higher pressure, so the engine has certain work doing potential, for this reason, the exhaust gas turbocharging technology and the compound engine technology are adopted, the energy of the exhaust gas is utilized to drive the turbine to rotate, the air inlet pressure of the engine is improved, or the rotating torque of the turbine is directly transmitted to the crankshaft of the engine, so as to increase the output power of the engine, but the larger breakthrough and improvement of the efficiency of the engine are still difficult to obtain.
Meanwhile, nitrogen and oxygen in the air participate in combustion of the engine mixture together, so that nitrogen oxides are inevitably formed, and although the traditional engine adopts a plurality of technologies for controlling the emission of the nitrogen oxides, the fuel economy of the engine is affected, and the emission of pollutants is difficult to eliminate fundamentally.
In addition, the traditional engine has complex structure, more components and parts and high production and manufacturing cost, and how to reduce the engine cost by structurally taking technical measures while reducing the emission pollution of the engine and improving the heat efficiency of the engine is also a subject of constant attention in the engine manufacturing industry.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a two-stroke engine with a novel structure aiming at the technical defects of the traditional engine, which obviously improves the expansion work-doing capability of the engine, greatly improves the heat efficiency of the engine, fundamentally stops the emission of nitrogen oxides in the waste gas of the engine, structurally simplifies the composition of the engine and reduces the production and manufacturing cost of the engine.
The invention can be realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
the engine without the crankshaft is formed by combining two or a plurality of power cylinders with the same structure, and comprises the power cylinders, a secondary expansion gas channel between the power cylinders, a pulse type lubricating system, a fuel injection system, a cylinder body temperature control system, an oxygen injection system, a ventilation system, a starting system, an ECU (electronic control unit) and an engine power output system; the first power cylinder comprises a cylinder body, a piston, a guide column 1302, a power output shaft and the like, wherein the inner cavity of the cylinder body is a cylindrical cavity, the piston and the guide column 1302 guide the piston to reciprocate together, the cylinder cover and the bottom of the cylinder body are sealed, an output port of secondary expansion gas is arranged on the inner wall surface of the cylinder body, an input port of the secondary expansion gas, an air inlet and an exhaust gas outlet are arranged at the bottom of the cylinder body, and the piston is fixedly connected to the power output shaft through a central hole.
In the engine without the crankshaft, the power cylinders are vertically or horizontally arranged, are distributed in an array and are sequentially arranged in a row or a column according to the working sequence.
In the engine without the crankshaft, the power output shaft 105 of the first power cylinder is of a hollow tubular structure and is sleeved outside the guide post 1302 through an inner cavity hole, a sealing device is arranged between the inner cavity hole of the power output shaft 105 and the guide post 1302, the power output shaft 105 extends out of a central hole in the bottom of a cylinder body, the central hole in the bottom of the cylinder body is provided with the sealing device to be matched with the outer diameter of the power output shaft 105, the power output shaft 105 outputs linear reciprocating motion, one end of the guide post 1302 is fixed on a cylinder cover, and the length of the guide post 1302 is not less.
In the engine without the crankshaft, the cylinder body temperature control system adopts a mode of combining anhydrous cooling oil cooling and air cooling, and comprises a cooling oil pipe network, a shared cooling fan, a liquid storage tank and a connecting pipeline of the liquid storage tank of each power cylinder, wherein the cooling oil pipe network of each power cylinder has the same structure; the cooling oil pipe networks of all the power cylinders are independently divided into sub-systems, the outer-layer cooling oil pipe networks of all the power cylinders are mutually communicated through cooling oil pipes to form a main system, the outer-layer cooling oil pipes are communicated with a liquid filling port, and the liquid filling port is tightly screwed and sealed by a sealing cover;
in the above crankless engine, the pulse type lubrication system includes: the pulse type lubricating subsystem of each power cylinder, the shared lubricating oil pump, the gear box body for storing lubricating oil and the connecting pipeline thereof are identical in structure.
In the above crankless engine, the fuel injection system includes: the fuel injection subsystem of each power cylinder, the shared fuel pump, the fuel tank for storing fuel and the connecting oil pipe thereof are the same in structure.
In the above crankless engine, the oxygen injection system includes: the oxygen injection subsystem of each power cylinder, the oxygen pump shared by the power cylinders, the oxygen tank for storing oxygen and the connecting air pipe of the oxygen tank are the same in structure.
In the above crankless engine, the ventilation system includes: the air inlet and exhaust system, the shared air inlet main pipe and the shared exhaust main pipe of each power cylinder have the same structure; the air inlet and exhaust system of each power cylinder comprises: the cylinder body comprises an output port of secondary expansion gas on the inner wall surface of the cylinder body, an input port of the secondary expansion gas positioned at the bottom of the cylinder body, an air inlet, an exhaust gas outlet, an air inlet pipe, a secondary expansion gas channel and an exhaust gas exhaust pipe.
In the above-mentioned engine without crankshaft, its the power cylinder structure is the same, the piston 1315 excircle upper portion and the lower part of power cylinder one respectively have the piston seal gas ring of no less than 1, the middle part has the combination formula oil ring of no less than 1, there is radial lubricated oil duct in the piston inside, when the piston moves to a certain position, the inner port of piston lubricated oil duct aligns with the lubricated oil duct delivery port inside guide pillar 1302, the outer port of the lubricated oil duct in the piston inside distributes between gas ring groove and oil ring groove with less aperture, there is the oilhole in the oil ring groove to communicate with the lubricated oil return gallery inside the piston, the lubricated oil return gallery in the piston inside communicates with the fit clearance between power output shaft 105 and the guide pillar 1302 of power cylinder one.
In the engine without the crankshaft, the power cylinder is arranged to do work in the sequence of A-B, one end of a secondary expansion gas connecting channel of the power cylinder A is connected to a secondary expansion gas inlet of the power cylinder A, the other end of the secondary expansion gas connecting channel is connected to a secondary expansion gas outlet of the power cylinder B which does work after the power cylinder A, the inner wall of the connecting channel is a smooth transition tube cavity, the gas flow resistance is reduced, the channel wall of the connecting channel is of a hollow structure, a heat-insulating layer is arranged outside the connecting channel, the energy loss of the secondary expansion gas is reduced, and the work capacity of the secondary expansion gas is increased as; the output port of the secondary expansion gas, the input port of the secondary expansion gas, the air inlet and the waste gas outlet are controlled by electric control solenoid valves, the power cylinder A conveys the gas which is close to the tail sound of combustion expansion above the piston in the power cylinder B to the position below the piston of the power cylinder A which is in the stroke of compressed gas through a gas secondary expansion connecting channel, and the combustion expansion gas expands again to push the piston to do work.
In the engine without the crankshaft, the fuel injection subsystems of all power cylinders in the fuel injection system timely inject proper fuel with certain pressure into the power cylinders from the tops of the power cylinders through a plurality of fuel nozzles according to an ECU instruction; and the oxygen injection subsystem of each power cylinder timely injects proper oxygen with certain pressure into the power cylinder through an oxygen nozzle on the guide column according to an ECU instruction, and the air inlet and exhaust system of each power cylinder timely controls the opening and closing of the secondary expansion gas outlet, the secondary expansion gas inlet, the air inlet and the exhaust gas outlet of each power cylinder according to the ECU instruction.
In the engine without the crankshaft, the ECU determines the fuel injection quantity, the fuel injection time and the oxygen injection quantity and the injection time of each power cylinder according to the motion position, the speed and the load of the piston of each power cylinder and the oxygen sensor signal in the exhaust passage, and simultaneously determines the opening and closing time of the secondary expansion gas output port, the secondary expansion gas input port and the air inlet and the exhaust gas outlet of each power cylinder.
In the engine without the crankshaft, the engine power output system converts the linear reciprocating motion output by each power cylinder power output shaft into rotary motion; the starting system controls the starter to drive the engine power output system to rotate through the starting switch so as to start the engine to work.
In the above-mentioned engine without bent axle, its cooling fluid pipe network of every power cylinder in the power cylinder block temperature control system includes inlayer cooling fluid pipe network, outer cooling fluid pipe network, and the cooling fluid pipe network structure of every power cylinder is the same, uses power cylinder one to introduce the cooling fluid pipe network of power cylinder as the main part below:
the inlayer cooling fluid pipe network of power cylinder one is arranged in the cylinder body wall thickness of power cylinder one, and this inlayer cooling fluid pipe cross-sectional shape is rectangle, and its wide face hugs closely at the cylinder body outer wall to two helices side by side the shape winding on the power cylinder body, and the inlayer cooling fluid pipe network of power cylinder one includes: an upper half part 1102 of an inner-layer cooling oil pipe flowing from the top to the bottom, a lower half part 1109 of the inner-layer cooling oil pipe flowing from the top to the bottom, a lower half part 1108 of the inner-layer cooling oil pipe flowing from the bottom to the top, an upper half part 1105 of the inner-layer cooling oil pipe flowing from the bottom to the top, a throttling expansion port 1106, an S-shaped inner-layer cooling oil pipe 1103 in the wall thickness of a cylinder cover, a tee joint 1107 of the inner-layer cooling oil pipe at the lower part of a power cylinder, a cooling oil circulation control valve 1104 on the cylinder cover, a cooling oil pump 1101, a helix composed of the upper half part 1102 of the inner-layer cooling oil pipe flowing from the top to the bottom and the lower half part 1109 of the inner-layer cooling oil pipe flowing from the top to the bottom, and the other helix composed of the upper half part 1105 of the inner-layer cooling oil pipe flowing from the bottom to the top and, the outlet of the upper half 1102 of the inner-layer cooling oil pipe flowing from the top to the lower part extends out of the cylinder wall in the middle of the cylinder, the cross-sectional area of the pipeline is increased, the pipeline is connected with the inlet of a cooling oil pump 1101, the inlet of the lower half 1109 of the inner-layer cooling oil pipe flowing from the top to the lower part extends out of the cylinder and is connected with the outlet of the cooling oil pump 1101, and the outlet of the lower half 1109 of the inner-layer cooling oil pipe flowing from the top to the lower part is connected with the inlet of an inner-layer cooling oil pipe tee 1107 at the lower; an outlet of an inner-layer cooling oil pipe tee joint 1107 is connected with an inlet of a lower half portion 1108 of an inner-layer cooling oil pipe flowing from the lower portion to the top portion, an outlet of the lower half portion 1108 of the inner-layer cooling oil pipe flowing from the lower portion to the top portion is connected with an inlet of an upper half portion 1105 of the inner-layer cooling oil pipe flowing from the lower portion to the top portion through a throttling expansion port 1106, an outlet of the upper half portion 1105 of the inner-layer cooling oil pipe flowing from the lower portion to the top portion is connected with an inlet of an S-shaped inner-layer cooling oil pipe, an outlet of the S-shaped inner-layer cooling oil pipe is connected with an inlet of a cooling oil circulation control valve 1104, and an outlet of the cooling oil circulation control valve 1104 is connected with an inlet of;
the outer layer cooling fluid pipe network of power cylinder one is in the cylinder body outside with the winding of single strip helix shape, has air-cooled fin on its pipe, and the outer layer cooling fluid pipe network of power cylinder one includes: an outer-layer cooling oil pipe 1201, a connection port 1203 for the outer-layer cooling oil pipe and a cooling oil circulation control valve, and a connection port 1202 for the outer-layer cooling oil pipe and an inner-layer cooling oil pipe tee joint; the inlet of the outer-layer cooling oil pipe 1201 is connected with the connecting interface 1202 of the inner-layer cooling oil pipe tee joint at the lower part of the cylinder body and the outer-layer cooling oil pipe, and the outlet of the outer-layer cooling oil pipe 1201 is connected with the connecting interface 1203 of the outer-layer cooling oil pipe and the cooling oil circulation control valve at the cylinder cover.
In the engine without the crankshaft, in the temperature control system of the power cylinder body of the power cylinder, when the temperature of the cooling oil of the power cylinder is lower than a certain temperature, the cooling oil circulation control valve of the power cylinder is closed, and only the inner-layer cooling oil pipe network participates in work; when the temperature of the cooling oil of the power cylinder exceeds a certain temperature, the cooling oil circulation control valve of the power cylinder is opened, the two layers of cooling oil pipe networks work simultaneously, and when the temperature of the cooling oil of the power cylinder rises to a certain temperature again, the cooling fan is opened and has different fan rotating speeds according to the temperature of the cooling oil.
In the engine without the crankshaft, the temperature control system of the power cylinder body of the power cylinder and the cooling oil pipe network of each power cylinder absorb heat from the power cylinder head and the upper part of the cylinder body of the power cylinder, when the cooling oil with higher temperature flows to the lower part of the power cylinder body, the cooling oil with higher temperature releases heat to the lower part and the bottom of the power cylinder and then flows back to the top of the power cylinder body under the action of a cooling oil pump of the power cylinder, the temperature of the middle lower part of the power cylinder is controlled to be kept in a higher temperature range, and the secondary expansion work capacity of gas is improved.
In the above crankshaft-free engine, the cylinder block temperature control system of the power cylinder, the cooling oil pipe network of each power cylinder, the circulation of the cooling oil is divided into a large circulation and a small circulation, and the flow route of the small circulation cooling oil is as follows: the power cylinder cooling oil pump outlet → the lower half part of the inner cooling oil pipe flowing from the top to the lower part → the inner cooling oil pipe tee → the lower half part of the inner cooling oil pipe flowing from the lower part to the top → the throttling expansion port → the upper half part of the inner cooling oil pipe flowing from the lower part to the top → the S-shaped inner cooling oil pipe → the cooling oil circulation control valve → the upper half part of the inner cooling oil pipe flowing from the top to the lower part → the power cylinder cooling oil pump inlet; the flow route of the large-circulation cooling oil liquid is as follows: the cooling oil pump outlet of the power cylinder → the lower half part of the inner cooling oil pipe flowing from the top to the lower part → the inner cooling oil pipe tee → the cooling oil divided into a part A and a part B → the cooling oil circulation control valve → the upper half part of the inner cooling oil pipe flowing from the top to the lower part → the inlet of the power cylinder cooling oil pump; wherein: the first part of cooling oil → the lower part of the inner layer cooling oil pipe flowing from the lower part to the top → the throttling expansion opening → the upper part of the inner layer cooling oil pipe flowing from the lower part to the top → the S-shaped inner layer cooling oil pipe → the cooling oil circulation control valve; part B cooling oil → a connecting interface of the outer cooling oil liquid pipe and the inner cooling oil liquid pipe → the outer cooling oil liquid pipe → a connecting interface of the outer cooling oil liquid pipe and the cooling oil liquid circulation control valve → the cooling oil liquid circulation control valve.
In the engine without the crankshaft, the power cylinder body temperature control system comprises a liquid feeding port and a sealing cover, wherein the liquid feeding port is communicated with the outer-layer cooling oil pipe at the cylinder cover and is tightly screwed and sealed by the sealing cover; the vacuum valve and the pressure valve are arranged on the sealing cover and are communicated with the liquid storage tank through a pipeline, when the pressure in the cooling oil liquid pipe is higher than the control pressure of the pressure valve, the pressure valve is opened, the cooling oil liquid flows to the liquid storage tank, and when the pressure in the cooling oil liquid pipe is lower than the control pressure of the pressure valve, the pressure valve is closed; when the pressure in the cooling oil liquid pipe is lower than the control pressure of the vacuum valve, the vacuum valve is opened, the liquid storage tank supplies oil liquid to the cooling oil liquid pipe, and when the pressure in the cooling oil liquid pipe is higher than the control pressure of the vacuum valve, the vacuum valve is closed; the temperature of one power cylinder can be effectively prevented from being too high, and the normal work of the engine is prevented from being influenced.
In the above crankless engine, the pulse type lubrication system of each power cylinder includes: the ECU judges the motion position and speed of the piston of the power cylinder according to a position sensor at the power output shaft end of the power cylinder, and controls the opening and closing of the lubrication control valve in a mode of injecting lubricating oil once per stroke at a set position.
In the above crankshaft-free engine, the pulse type lubricating system and the pulse type lubricating subsystem of each power cylinder are arranged such that when the ECU detects that the piston of the power cylinder reaches a specified position of the cylinder barrel of the power cylinder, an output port of a lubricating oil passage inside a guide post of the power cylinder is aligned with an inner port of the lubricating oil passage inside the piston of the power cylinder, the ECU controls the opening of a lubricating control valve thereof, the lubricating oil lubricates the piston, a piston ring and the inner wall of the cylinder barrel of the power cylinder through the lubricating oil passage inside the piston of the power cylinder, and cools the piston through an inner cavity of the piston thereof, and surplus lubricating oil flows back into the gear box body through a piston combined oil ring and an oil return passage thereof, and the lubricating oil passage inside the guide post of the power cylinder maintains a certain pre-pressure to ensure that.
In the above-mentioned engine without crankshaft, its engine power output system is planetary gear mechanism, including ring gear, two planet row, sun gear, gearbox casing and lubricating oil, sun gear, planet wheel, ring gear all pass through axle and bearing support on the gearbox casing, the lubricating oil return oil on each power cylinder power output shaft flows into the gearbox casing, the gearbox casing is fixed in the bottom of power cylinder combination, power cylinder power output shaft extension reciprocating motion in the gearbox casing, fixed each power cylinder waste gas blast pipe, air intake pipe and secondary expansion gas passageway in gearbox casing upper portion.
In the planetary gear mechanism, a sun gear is a power output element, teeth are arranged inside and outside a gear ring, the two planetary rows share the gear ring and the sun gear, and a rack with the length not less than the stroke of a piston is arranged at the end part of a power output shaft of each power cylinder; the racks on the power output shafts of the two power cylinders with the piston motion phase difference of 180 degrees are simultaneously meshed with a gear ring, and the racks on the power output shafts of the two power cylinders and the gear ring are positioned in the same plane, are respectively positioned on two sides of the gear ring and are meshed with the outer teeth of the gear ring.
In the planetary gear mechanism, one row of two planetary rows corresponding to the racks of each power cylinder is two planetary wheels, the other row is three planetary wheels, the specification and the model of the planetary wheels directly meshed with the gear ring are the same, the sum of the diameters of the pitch circles of the two planetary wheels which are not meshed with the gear ring in the planetary rows of the three planetary wheels is equal to the diameter of the pitch circle of the planetary wheel meshed with the sun gear in the planetary rows of the two planetary wheels, and the planetary wheels in each row rotate in a fixed axis mode.
In the planetary gear mechanism, gear teeth of a planetary gear meshed with a gear ring are divided into two sections of gear teeth, the central angle corresponding to the arc length corresponding to each section of gear teeth is 90 degrees, a notch with a central angle of 90 degrees is arranged between two sections of arcs, the number of the gear teeth on each section of arc length is equal to that on a corresponding rack, and the sum of the tooth pitches on the rack is equal to the motion stroke of a piston of a power cylinder; the difference between the installation positions of the two planet gears meshed with the gear ring in the two planet rows is 90 degrees, the two planet gears are fixedly connected with the shafts respectively, the other ends of the two shafts are provided with positioning gears with the same specification and model respectively, the two positioning gears are meshed with each other and are fixedly connected with the two shafts respectively, and thus any planet gear in the two planet rows rotates to drive the other planet gear to rotate through the positioning gears.
When the power cylinder outputs axial motion to the outside of the cylinder, the rack drives the gear ring to rotate, the gear ring drives one planet gear in two planet rows to rotate, the planet gear drives the sun gear to rotate through the middle planet gear, and meanwhile, the planet gear meshed with the gear ring drives the planet gear in the other planet row to be meshed with the gear ring to rotate through the positioning gear; when the output shaft of the power cylinder starts to move towards the inside of the cylinder, the rack drives the gear ring to rotate in the opposite direction, the gear ring drives the planet gears to rotate just 90 degrees, one planet gear in the two planet gears, which is meshed with the gear ring, just breaks away from the meshing with the gear ring, and the other planet gear, which is meshed with the gear ring, just rotates to the position meshed with the gear ring; because the two planet rows have a difference of the middle planet wheel, although the motion direction of the rack is changed and the rotation direction of the gear ring is changed, the direction of the planet wheel driving the sun gear to rotate through the middle planet wheel is unchanged, and the continuous rotation of the sun gear is realized.
In the planetary gear mechanism, a rack on the output shaft of the other power cylinder sharing a gear ring has a 180-degree phase difference of a piston, the meshing between the rack and the gear ring has a 180-degree phase difference, the motion laws of the output shafts of the two power cylinders are the same, the motion laws of a sun gear are the same, and the difference is that the states of the two cylinders are different: one cylinder is doing work in expansion and the other cylinder is compressing gas.
The engine control method based on the engine is characterized in that:
if the power cylinder work sequence is C-A-B, the control method of the power cylinder A comprises the following steps:
s01: when the piston of the power cylinder A starts to move from the bottom to the top of the cylinder body, the air inlet control valve at the bottom of the power cylinder A is opened, and when the piston of the power cylinder A moves for a certain stroke S1 (which can also be represented by an angle theta 1), the piston of the power cylinder A moves from the bottom to the top of the power cylinder to the secondary expansion gas outlet of the power cylinder A, the secondary expansion gas outlet control valve of the power cylinder A is closed, and the secondary expansion gas inlet control valve of the power cylinder C is closed;
s02: when the piston of the power cylinder A moves for a certain stroke S2 (which can also be represented by an angle theta 2), the ECU opens a control valve of a secondary expansion gas outlet of the power cylinder B and a control valve of a secondary expansion gas inlet of the power cylinder A, and simultaneously closes an air inlet control valve at the bottom of the power cylinder A, combustion waste gas in the power cylinder B close to the tail sound of work doing enters the lower space of the piston of the power cylinder A from a secondary expansion gas channel, the combustion waste gas with certain pressure and certain temperature continues to expand in the power cylinder A to do work and heat fresh air entering the power cylinder A to do work, and the piston of the power cylinder A is pushed to move to the top of the power cylinder;
s03: when the piston of the power cylinder A moves for a certain stroke S3 (which can also be represented by an angle theta 3), and the piston of the power cylinder B moves from the bottom of the power cylinder to the top to the secondary expansion gas output port, the secondary expansion gas output port control valve of the power cylinder B is closed, the secondary expansion gas input port control valve of the power cylinder A is closed, and the secondary expansion gas in the power cylinder A continues to push residual combustion waste gas in the piston compression cylinder and simultaneously works through the output shaft;
s04: when the piston of the power cylinder A moves for a certain stroke S4 (which can also be represented by an angle theta 4), the ECU controls the oxygen nozzle control valve to spray a proper amount of oxygen with a certain pressure into the power cylinder A, and the oxygen absorbs the heat of the waste gas and simultaneously cools the inner wall of the cylinder body;
s05: when the piston of the power cylinder A moves for a certain stroke S5 (which can also be represented by an angle theta 5), and the piston approaches the top of the power cylinder, a fuel nozzle at the top of the power cylinder A sprays a proper amount of gasoline with a certain pressure into the power cylinder, and the gasoline and the gas in the power cylinder form combustible mixed gas;
s06: when the piston of the power cylinder A moves to a certain angle (corresponding to the ignition advance angle) in front of the top of the power cylinder, the spark plug ignites, the mixed gas burns, and high-pressure and high-temperature gas is generated to push the piston to move to the bottom of the power cylinder to do work; if the diesel oil is injected into the cylinder, the injection time is later than the gasoline injection time point (corresponding to the diesel oil injection advance angle); meanwhile, a waste gas outlet control valve at the bottom of the power cylinder A is opened, and the final pressure of secondary expansion gas is utilized to exhaust the gas to the outside of the power cylinder A;
s07: a, mixed gas in a combustion chamber of a power cylinder is combusted to generate high-temperature and high-pressure gas to push a piston to move towards the bottom to do work, and meanwhile, expanded waste gas with lower pressure and lower temperature after secondary expansion in a cylinder at the lower part of the piston is exhausted out of the cylinder;
s08: when the piston of the power cylinder A moves to a certain position S0 away from the bottom (which can also be represented by an angle theta 0), S0 is not more than S1, a secondary expansion gas output port control valve of the power cylinder A is opened, a secondary expansion gas input port control valve of the power cylinder C is opened, combustion waste gas in the power cylinder A flows to a position between the piston of the power cylinder C which just finishes acting and the bottom of the power cylinder body through a secondary expansion gas channel, the combustion waste gas in the power cylinder A continues to expand acting in the power cylinder C and heats fresh air entering the power cylinder C to expand acting, and the piston of the power cylinder C is pushed to move towards the top of the power cylinder;
s09: when the piston of the power cylinder A moves to the bottom, the waste gas outlet control valve at the bottom of the power cylinder A is closed;
the linear reciprocating motion of the output shaft of the power cylinder A is realized by the continuous circulation;
the working cycles of other power cylinders are analogized by the control method.
According to the engine control method based on the engine, when the oxygen nozzle is positioned on the guide post, oxygen is firstly sprayed into the power cylinder, and then fuel oil is sprayed into the power cylinder; when the fuel nozzle is positioned on the guide post, fuel is firstly sprayed into the power cylinder, and then oxygen is sprayed into the power cylinder; when the oxygen nozzle and the fuel nozzle are both positioned at the top of the cylinder, the injection sequence of the oxygen nozzle and the fuel nozzle is not limited, and the oxygen nozzle and the fuel nozzle are preferably as follows: a control mode of firstly spraying fuel and then spraying oxygen; the ECU determines the amount of oxygen and fuel injected based on engine load, temperature, speed and oxygen sensor signals in the exhaust.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the engine without the crankshaft introduces the waste gas in the cylinder of the power cylinder after doing work into the other power cylinder to continue to do work through expansion, realizes the improvement of the expansion ratio on the premise of not reducing the compression ratio, and improves the heat efficiency of the engine.
The engine without the crankshaft of the invention forms combustible mixed gas together with residual waste gas and fuel in a cylinder by spraying proper amount of oxygen with certain pressure in the cylinder; because nitrogen in the air is not introduced in the combustion process, the emission of nitrogen oxides is stopped from the source.
The engine without the crankshaft adopts cooling oil as a cooling medium and is also a heat transfer working medium, the heat of the cylinder body at the top of the power cylinder and close to the top is transferred to the cylinder body at the bottom of the power cylinder and close to the bottom, a good expansion environment is created for the secondary expansion of gas, the secondary expansion working capacity of the gas is improved, and meanwhile, the cylinder body and waste gas are utilized to heat air entering the lower part of the piston, so that the air expands to work, and the theoretical value of the thermal efficiency of the engine can be improved by about 15%.
According to the engine without the crankshaft, because the gas temperature is not higher than 950 ℃ in the secondary expansion process of the gas, nitrogen oxides cannot be formed, and the temperature is 600-700 ℃ in most of the time in the expansion process, the later oxidation time of the combustion gas is prolonged by 2-3 times while the working capacity of the secondary expansion of the gas is improved, and the emission of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon mixtures of the engine is greatly reduced.
The engine without the crankshaft of the invention has the advantages that after the secondary expansion of the gas, the internal energy content of the exhaust gas finally exhausted out of the cylinder is less, the pressure is low, the exhaust power consumption is reduced, and the heat release amount to a low-temperature heat source is reduced, which is one of the factors of high heat efficiency of the engine without the crankshaft.
The engine without the crankshaft can be called as a hybrid engine in the sense that an air inlet stroke is cancelled, an oxygen-enriched combustible mixed gas is formed by injecting a proper amount of oxygen with certain pressure into the cylinder, the combustion rate is improved, the thermal efficiency of the engine is improved, the power consumption in the air inlet process is cancelled, meanwhile, part of energy consumed in the oxygen preparation process is stored in high-pressure oxygen, and the energy is input to the engine through the oxygen input.
The engine without the crankshaft can create a good environment for fuel oil cracking by using the oxygen-deficient high-temperature combustion waste gas in the cylinder through a control method of injecting fuel oil into the cylinder and then injecting oxygen into the cylinder, prolongs the fuel oil cracking time, and is beneficial to the use, popularization and promotion of more biological fuel oil in an internal combustion engine.
The engine without the crankshaft is reasonable in structural design, vibration generated by piston motion reversing of a traditional engine is eliminated, the number of parts is small, the engine is convenient to process, meanwhile, the power cylinder is more convenient to combine, engines with different powers can be combined according to different requirements, and flexible production of the engines with multiple varieties is achieved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the crankless engine of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the connection of the passages of the crankshaft-less engine breathing system of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the internal cooling oil line of the crankless engine of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of a crankless engine piston arrangement and its control position according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of a crankless engine piston configuration of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of an upper oil passage connection structure of the crankless engine of the invention.
FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration of the power take-off system configuration of the crankless engine of the invention.
Description of the reference numerals, in which:
1, a first power cylinder; 2-a second power cylinder; 3-power cylinder three; 4-power cylinder four; 5-a liquid feeding port and a sealing cover; 6-a base; 7-gearbox housing; 8, an exhaust manifold of the first power cylinder and the fourth power cylinder; 9-an air inlet main pipe of the first power cylinder and the second power cylinder; 105-a power output shaft of the power cylinder; 106-a power cylinder exhaust outlet; 107-power cylinder-exhaust gas pipe; 108-a secondary expansion gas inlet of the power cylinder one; 109-a power cylinder-air inlet; 110-secondary expansion gas channel of power cylinder one; 111-power cylinder-air intake pipe; 210-a secondary expansion gas passage of the second power cylinder; 310-secondary expansion gas channel of power cylinder three; 410-secondary expansion gas channel of power cylinder four;
1101-a coolant oil pump; 1102-the upper half of the inner layer cooling oil pipe flowing from the top to the lower part; 1103-S-shaped inner layer cooling oil-liquid pipe; 1104-a cooling oil circulation control valve; 1105-the upper part of the inner cooling oil pipe flowing from the lower part to the top; 1106-throttling expansion port; 1107-inner layer cooling oil pipe tee joint; 1108-the lower half part of the inner-layer cooling oil pipe flowing from the lower part to the top; 1109-the lower half part of the inner layer cooling oil pipe flowing from the top to the lower part; 1201-outer cooling oil liquid pipe; 1202-a connection interface of the outer layer cooling oil liquid pipe and the inner layer cooling oil liquid pipe tee; 1203-connecting an outer layer cooling oil liquid pipe with a circulation control valve;
1301-a position sensor; 1302-a guide post; 1303-bottom of the cylinder body; 1304-secondary expansion gas outlet; 1305-piston lubricating oil channel one; 1306-piston seal gas ring one; 1307-piston lube oil return; 1308-a combined piston oil ring; 1309-piston lubricating oil channel two; 1310-piston seal gas ring two; 1311-oxygen or fuel injection passages; 1312-cylinder cover; 1313-oxygen or fuel nozzles; 1314-lubricating oil channel; 1315-a piston;
405-power cylinder four-power output shaft; 407-power cylinder four exhaust gas exhaust pipe; 411-cylinder four air intake pipe; 4101-a power cylinder four-cooling oil pump; 4201-cooling oil liquid pipes on the four outer layers of the power cylinder;
11-a gear ring; 12-a first planet gear; 13-positioning the first gear; 14-planet gear two; 15-positioning gear II; 16-planet gear three; 17-planet gear four; 18-sun gear; 19-planet gear five;
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in combination with the detailed description; it is to be understood that such description is merely exemplary and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention; for general purposes, the most common operating conditions are generally preferred, but it is not excluded that the direction is reversed, or inclined at an angle, etc.; moreover, in the following drawings and description, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted so as to not unnecessarily obscure the concepts of the present invention.
The engine of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to fig. 1 to 7.
As shown in fig. 1-7, in the engine without crankshaft, there are 4 power cylinders, the power cylinders are arranged vertically, the engine without crankshaft includes a first power cylinder 1, a second power cylinder 2, a third power cylinder 3, a fourth power cylinder 4, a secondary expansion gas channel 110 of the first power cylinder, a secondary expansion gas channel 210 of the second power cylinder, a secondary expansion gas channel 310 of the third power cylinder, a secondary expansion gas channel 410 of the fourth power cylinder, a pulse type lubrication system, a fuel injection system, a cylinder body temperature control system, an oxygen injection system, a ventilation system, a starting system, an ECU and an engine power output system;
in the crankless engine shown in fig. 1-7, the cylinder temperature control system adopts a combination of waterless cooling oil cooling and air cooling, and comprises a cooling oil pipe network of each power cylinder, a common cooling fan, a liquid storage tank and a connecting pipeline thereof, wherein the cooling oil pipe network of each power cylinder has the same structure; the cooling oil pipe networks of the power cylinders are independently formed into a subsystem, the outer-layer cooling oil pipe networks of the power cylinders are mutually communicated through cooling oil pipes to form a total system, the outer-layer cooling oil pipes are communicated with a liquid filling opening, and the liquid filling opening is tightly screwed and sealed by a sealing cover;
in the crankless engine shown in fig. 1-7, the pulsed lubrication system comprises: the pulse type lubricating subsystem of each power cylinder, the shared lubricating oil pump, the gear box body for storing lubricating oil and the connecting pipeline thereof are identical in structure.
In the crankless engine shown in fig. 1-7, the fuel injection system includes: the fuel injection subsystem of each power cylinder, the shared fuel pump, the fuel tank for storing fuel and the connecting oil pipe thereof are the same in structure.
In the crankless engine shown in fig. 1-7, the oxygen injection system includes: the oxygen injection subsystem of each power cylinder, the oxygen pump shared by the power cylinders, the oxygen tank for storing oxygen and the connecting air pipe of the oxygen tank are the same in structure.
In the crankless engine shown in fig. 1-7, the breathing system includes: the air inlet and exhaust system, the shared air inlet main pipe and the shared exhaust main pipe of each power cylinder have the same structure; the air inlet and exhaust system of each power cylinder comprises: the cylinder body comprises an output port of secondary expansion gas on the inner wall surface of the cylinder body, an input port of the secondary expansion gas positioned at the bottom of the cylinder body, an air inlet, an exhaust gas outlet, an air inlet pipe, a secondary expansion gas channel and an exhaust gas exhaust pipe.
In the crankless engine shown in fig. 1-7, the 4 power cylinders have the same structure, and the following description mainly refers to a power cylinder 1, wherein the power cylinder 1 includes: the cylinder comprises a cylinder body, a piston 1315, a cylinder cover 1312, a guide column 1302 and a power output shaft 105, wherein the inner cavity of the cylinder body is a cylindrical cavity, the piston 1315 and the guide column 1302 together guide the piston 1315 to reciprocate, the upper end of the guide column 1302 is fixed on the cylinder cover 1312, the outer cylindrical surface of the guide column 1302 is in sliding fit with the inner hole wall of the power output shaft 105, the bottom 1303 of the cylinder body is sealed, a secondary expansion gas output port 1304 is formed in the inner wall surface of the cylinder body, an air inlet 109 and an exhaust gas outlet 106 of secondary expansion gas of a power cylinder I are formed in the bottom 1303 of the cylinder body, and the piston 1315 is.
Specifically, in the crankless engine shown in fig. 1-7, the power cylinder 1 has a cylindrical cavity structure inside, the power output shaft 105 has a hollow tubular structure, the power output shaft 105 of the power cylinder is sleeved outside the guide post 1302 of the power output shaft through an inner cavity hole and extends out of a central hole of the cylinder bottom 1303, the central hole of the cylinder bottom 1303 is provided with a sealing device to match with the outer diameter of the power output shaft 105 of the power cylinder, the power output shaft 105 of the power cylinder outputs linear reciprocating motion, and the length of the guide post 1302 of the power cylinder is not less than the length of the cylinder body.
In the crankless engine shown in FIGS. 1-7, the power cylinder work sequence is: the first power cylinder 1, the second power cylinder 2, the fourth power cylinder 4 and the third power cylinder 3 are arranged in a first row, the first power cylinder 1 and the second power cylinder 2 are arranged in a second row, one end of a secondary expansion gas connecting channel 110 of the first power cylinder is connected to a secondary expansion gas inlet 108 of the first power cylinder, and the other end of the secondary expansion gas connecting channel is connected to a secondary expansion gas outlet of the second power cylinder; one end of a secondary expansion gas connecting channel 210 of the second power cylinder is connected to a secondary expansion gas input port of the second power cylinder, and the other end of the secondary expansion gas connecting channel is connected to a secondary expansion gas output port of the fourth power cylinder; one end of a secondary expansion gas connecting channel 410 of the power cylinder four is connected to a secondary expansion gas input port of the power cylinder four, and the other end of the secondary expansion gas connecting channel is connected to a secondary expansion gas output port of the power cylinder three; one end of the secondary expansion gas connecting channel 310 of the third power cylinder is connected to a secondary expansion gas input port of the third power cylinder, and the other end of the secondary expansion gas connecting channel is connected to a secondary expansion gas output port 1304 of the first power cylinder; the inner walls of the four secondary expansion gas connecting channels are smooth transition tube cavities to reduce gas flow resistance, the inner walls of the four secondary expansion gas connecting channels are of a hollow structure, heat-insulating layers are arranged outside the four secondary expansion gas connecting channels to reduce gas heat loss, and the output ports and the input ports of the secondary expansion gases, and the air inlet and the waste gas outlet at the bottom of each cylinder body are controlled by electric control valves;
in the crankless engine shown in fig. 1-7, a cylinder-fuel injection subsystem of the fuel injection system injects a proper amount of fuel with a certain pressure (e.g., about 5.6 MPa) into the power cylinder from a cylinder head 1312 of the cylinder 1 through a fuel nozzle in accordance with an ECU command, an oxygen injection system injects a proper amount of oxygen with a certain pressure (e.g., about 5.6 MPa) into the power cylinder in accordance with the ECU command through an oxygen nozzle 1313 on a guide post, and the cylinder intake and exhaust system controls opening and closing of a control valve of a secondary expansion gas outlet 1304 of the power cylinder, a secondary expansion gas inlet 108 of the power cylinder, and an air inlet 109 and an exhaust outlet 106 in accordance with the ECU command.
In the crankless engine shown in fig. 1 to 7, the ECU determines the fuel injection amount, the injection timing, and the oxygen injection amount and the injection timing of the fuel for each power cylinder, and determines the control valve opening and closing timings of the secondary expanded gas outlet port, the secondary expanded gas inlet port, and the air inlet port and the exhaust gas outlet port for each power cylinder, based on the piston movement position, the speed, and the magnitude of the load of each power cylinder, and the oxygen sensor signal in the exhaust passage.
In the crankless engine shown in fig. 1-7, the engine power output system converts the linear reciprocating motion output by the power cylinder into rotary motion; the starting system controls the starter to drive the power output system to rotate through the starting switch so as to start the engine to work.
In the engine without the crankshaft as shown in fig. 1 to 7, the cooling oil pipe network of each power cylinder in the power cylinder block temperature control system includes an inner-layer cooling oil pipe network and an outer-layer cooling oil pipe network, the cooling oil pipe network of each power cylinder has the same structure, and the cooling oil pipe network of the power cylinder is mainly introduced by taking a power cylinder one as a main component:
in the engine without the crankshaft as shown in fig. 1-7, the inner-layer cooling oil pipe network of the first power cylinder is positioned in the wall thickness of the first power cylinder, the cross section of the inner-layer cooling oil pipe is rectangular, the wide surface of the inner-layer cooling oil pipe is tightly attached to the outer wall of the cylinder body, and the inner-layer cooling oil pipe network is wound on the cylinder body of the power cylinder in a shape of two parallel spiral lines; the inlayer cooling fluid pipe network of power cylinder one includes: an upper half 1102 of an inner-layer cooling oil pipe flowing from the top to the bottom, a lower half 1109 of the inner-layer cooling oil pipe flowing from the top to the bottom, a lower half 1108 of the inner-layer cooling oil pipe flowing from the bottom to the top, an upper half 1105 of the inner-layer cooling oil pipe flowing from the bottom to the top, a throttling expansion port 1106, an S-shaped inner-layer cooling oil pipe 1103 in the wall thickness of a cylinder cover, an inner-layer cooling oil pipe tee 1107 at the bottom of a power cylinder, a cooling oil circulation control valve 1104 on the cylinder cover, and a cooling oil pump 1101; the outlet of the upper half 1102 of the inner-layer cooling oil pipe flowing from the top to the lower part extends out of the cylinder wall in the middle of the cylinder, the cross-sectional area of the pipeline is increased, the pipeline is connected with the inlet of a cooling oil pump 1101, the inlet of the lower half 1109 of the inner-layer cooling oil pipe flowing from the top to the lower part extends out of the cylinder and is connected with the outlet of the cooling oil pump 1101, and the outlet of the lower half 1109 of the inner-layer cooling oil pipe flowing from the top to the lower part is connected with the inlet of an inner-layer cooling oil pipe tee 1107 at the lower; an outlet of an inner-layer cooling oil pipe tee joint 1107 is connected with an inlet of a lower half portion 1108 of an inner-layer cooling oil pipe flowing from the lower portion to the top portion, an outlet of the lower half portion 1108 of the inner-layer cooling oil pipe flowing from the lower portion to the top portion is connected with an inlet of an upper half portion 1105 of the inner-layer cooling oil pipe flowing from the lower portion to the top portion through a throttling expansion port 1106, an outlet of the upper half portion 1105 of the inner-layer cooling oil pipe flowing from the lower portion to the top portion is connected with an inlet of an S-shaped inner-layer cooling oil pipe, an outlet of the S-shaped inner-layer cooling oil pipe is connected with an inlet of a cooling oil circulation control valve 1104, and an outlet of the cooling oil circulation control valve 1104 is connected with an inlet of;
in the crankless engine shown in fig. 1-7, the cylinder-cooling oil line system includes: the outer layer cooling fluid pipe network of power cylinder one is in the cylinder body outside with the winding of single strip helix shape, has air-cooled fin on its pipe, and the outer layer cooling fluid pipe network of power cylinder one includes: an outer-layer cooling oil pipe 1201, a connection port 1203 for the outer-layer cooling oil pipe and a cooling oil circulation control valve, and a connection port 1202 for the outer-layer cooling oil pipe and an inner-layer cooling oil pipe tee joint; the inlet of the outer-layer cooling oil pipe 1201 is connected with the connecting interface 1202 of the inner-layer cooling oil pipe tee joint at the lower part of the cylinder body and the outer-layer cooling oil pipe, and the outlet of the outer-layer cooling oil pipe 1201 is connected with the connecting interface 1203 of the outer-layer cooling oil pipe and the cooling oil circulation control valve at the cylinder cover.
In the crankless engine shown in fig. 1-7, in the cylinder block temperature control system of the power cylinder, the cooling oil pipe network of each power cylinder, when the cooling oil temperature of the power cylinder is lower than a certain temperature (for example, 420K), the circulation control valve or the electronic thermostat of the power cylinder is closed, and only the inner layer cooling oil pipe network participates in the work; when the temperature of the cooling oil of the power cylinder exceeds a certain temperature (such as 430K), a circulation control valve or an electronic thermostat of the power cylinder is opened, two layers of cooling oil pipe networks participate in work at the same time, and when the temperature of the cooling oil of the power cylinder is increased to a certain temperature (such as 440K), a cooling fan is opened and has different fan rotating speeds according to the temperature of the cooling oil.
In the crankless engine shown in fig. 1-7, the cylinder block temperature control system of the power cylinder, the cooling oil pipe network of each power cylinder, the inner layer of cooling oil absorbs heat from the cylinder head and the upper part of the cylinder block, when the cooling oil with higher temperature flows to the lower part of the power cylinder, the cooling oil with higher temperature releases heat to the lower part and the bottom of the power cylinder and then flows back to the top of the power cylinder under the action of the cooling oil pump of the power cylinder, the temperature of the middle lower part of the power cylinder is controlled to be kept within the range of higher temperature (such as about 420K), and the secondary expansion work capacity of gas is improved.
In the engine without the crankshaft as shown in fig. 1-7, the cooling oil pipe network of the first power cylinder in the power cylinder block temperature control system is divided into a large circulation and a small circulation, and the flow route of the small circulation cooling oil is as follows: the outlet of the power cylinder cooling oil pump 1101 → the lower half 1109 of the inner cooling oil pipe flowing from the top to the bottom → the inner cooling oil pipe junction 1107 → the lower half 1108 of the inner cooling oil pipe flowing from the bottom to the top → the orifice 1106 → the upper half 1105 of the inner cooling oil pipe flowing from the bottom to the top → the S-shaped inner cooling oil pipe 1103 → the cooling oil circulation control valve 1104 → the upper half 1102 of the inner cooling oil pipe flowing from the top to the bottom → the inlet of the power cylinder cooling oil pump 1101; the flow route of the large-circulation cooling oil liquid is as follows: the outlet of the power cylinder cooling oil pump 1101 → the lower half 1109 of the inner cooling oil pipe flowing from the top to the bottom → the inner cooling oil pipe tee 1107 → the cooling oil divided into two parts A and B → the cooling oil circulation control valve 1104 → the upper half 1102 of the inner cooling oil pipe flowing from the top to the bottom → the inlet of the power cylinder cooling oil pump 1101; wherein: the first part cooling oil → the lower part 1108 of the inner layer cooling oil pipe that flows from the lower part to the top → the orifice 1106 → the upper part 1105 of the inner layer cooling oil pipe that flows from the lower part to the top → the S-shaped inner layer cooling oil pipe 1103 → the cooling oil circulation control valve 1104; part B cooling oil → the connection interface 1202 of the outer cooling oil pipe and the inner cooling oil pipe → the outer cooling oil pipe 1201 → the connection interface 1203 of the outer cooling oil pipe and the cooling oil circulation control valve → the cooling oil circulation control valve 1104.
In the engine without the crankshaft shown in the figures 1-7, the power cylinder body temperature control system comprises a liquid feeding port and a sealing cover 5, wherein the liquid feeding port is communicated with an outer-layer cooling oil pipe at a cylinder cover, and the liquid feeding port is screwed and sealed by the sealing cover; the vacuum valve and the pressure valve are arranged on the sealing cover and are communicated with the liquid storage tank through a pipeline, when the pressure in the cooling oil liquid pipe is higher than the control pressure of the pressure valve, the pressure valve is opened, the cooling oil liquid flows to the liquid storage tank, and when the pressure in the cooling oil liquid pipe is lower than the control pressure of the pressure valve, the pressure valve is closed; when the pressure in the cooling oil liquid pipe is lower than the control pressure of the vacuum valve, the vacuum valve is opened, the liquid storage tank supplies oil liquid to the cooling oil liquid pipe, and when the pressure in the cooling oil liquid pipe is higher than the control pressure of the vacuum valve, the vacuum valve is closed; the temperature of one power cylinder can be effectively prevented from being too high, and the normal work of the engine is prevented from being influenced.
In the crankless engine shown in fig. 1-7, in the pulse type lubrication subsystem of the first power cylinder in the pulse type lubrication system, the piston of the first power cylinder injects lubricating oil once per stroke, a lubricating oil channel 1314 and a plurality of lubricating oil spraying holes are arranged in a guide column 1302 of the first power cylinder 1, the spraying holes are provided with one-way valves, a lubrication control valve is arranged between a lubricating oil pipeline and the lubricating oil channel in the guide column, and the ECU judges the movement position and speed of the piston 1315 of the first power cylinder according to a position sensor 1301 at the end of a power output shaft 105 of the first power cylinder, and controls the opening and closing of the lubrication control valve timely.
In the crankless engine shown in fig. 1-7, the structure of the power cylinder is the same, wherein the piston 1315 of the first power cylinder has a sealing air ring 1306 on the top of the outer circle, the sealing air ring 1310 is on the bottom of the outer circle, the combined oil ring 1308 is in the middle of the outer circle, the piston 1315 has a radial first piston lubricating oil channel 1305, a second piston lubricating oil channel 1309 and a second piston lubricating oil return channel 1307 inside, when the piston moves to a specified position (such as the middle point between the upper and lower dead points), the spray hole of the guide column lubricating oil channel 1314 is aligned with the first piston lubricating oil channel 1305, the second piston lubricating oil channel 1309, at this time, the ECU detects that the piston reaches the specified position of the cylinder barrel, the ECU controls the opening of the lubricating control valve, the lubricating oil is sprayed between the two piston air ring grooves to lubricate the piston, the piston ring and the cylinder wall, the surplus lubricating oil flows to the fit clearance between the power output shaft 105 of the power cylinder and the, finally flows back to the gear box body along the inner wall of the power output shaft 105 of the power cylinder; the piston 1315 has a sealing ring in its central bore that engages the guide post 1302 to provide a combustion chamber seal.
In the crankless engine shown in fig. 1-7, the power output system of the engine is a planetary gear mechanism, two power cylinders with 180 ° phase difference in piston motion share one set of planetary gear mechanism, and different planetary gear mechanisms share one sun gear, wherein: the first power cylinder and the fourth power cylinder share one set of planetary gear mechanism, the second power cylinder and the third power cylinder share one set of planetary gear mechanism, and the two sets of planetary gear mechanisms have the same structure and share one sun gear; the planetary gear mechanism shared by the first power cylinder and the fourth power cylinder comprises: the gear box comprises a gear ring 11, two planet rows, a sun gear 18, a gear box body 7 and lubricating oil, wherein the sun gear, planet gears and the gear ring are all supported on the gear box body through shafts and bearings, the gear box body is fixed at the bottom of a power cylinder combination, the extending part of a power output shaft of a power cylinder I reciprocates in the gear box body, a power cylinder exhaust pipe, an air inlet pipe and an input end of a gas secondary expansion connecting pipe are arranged at the upper part of the gear box body, the two power cylinders share one air inlet pipe and one air outlet pipe, and air exchange control is more.
As shown in fig. 1 to 7, in the planetary gear mechanism of the engine power output mechanism of the crankless engine, a planetary gear mechanism shared by a first power cylinder and a fourth power cylinder is mainly described, and the other power cylinders are the same as the first power cylinder; the sun gear 18 is a power output element, the gear ring 11 is internally and externally provided with teeth, the two planet rows share the gear ring 11 and the sun gear 18, and the end 105 of a power output shaft of the power cylinder is provided with a rack with the length not less than the stroke of the piston; the motion phases of the first power cylinder and the fourth power cylinder are 180 degrees different, the first power cylinder and the fourth power cylinder share a gear ring, and racks at the power output shaft ends of the two power cylinders and the gear ring are located in the same plane, are respectively located on two sides of the gear ring 11 and are meshed with the outer teeth of the gear ring 11.
In the crankless engine shown in fig. 1-7, a first power cylinder and a fourth power cylinder in the power output mechanism of the engine share a planetary gear mechanism, in two planetary rows corresponding to each rack, a first planetary gear 12 and a first planetary gear 19 form a planetary row of two planetary gears, a second planetary gear 14, a third planetary gear 16 and a fourth planetary gear 17 form a planetary row of three planetary gears, wherein the specifications of the first planetary gear 12 and the second planetary gear 14 which are directly meshed with a gear ring are the same, the sum of the pitch circle diameters of the third planetary gear 16 and the fourth planetary gear 17 is equal to the pitch circle diameter of the fifth planetary gear 19, and the planetary gears of all rows rotate on a fixed axis.
In the engine without the crankshaft as shown in fig. 1-7, the gear teeth of the first power cylinder and the fourth power cylinder in the power output mechanism of the engine share a planetary gear mechanism, the first planetary gear 12 meshed with the gear ring and the second planetary gear 14 are divided into two sections of gear teeth, the arc length corresponding to each section of gear teeth is 90 degrees, the interval between the two sections of arcs is 90 degrees, the number of the gear teeth on each section of arc length is equal to the number of the gear teeth on the rack of the power output shaft 105, and the sum of the tooth pitches on the rack is equal to the motion stroke of the first piston 1315 of the power cylinder; the installation positions of the first planet gear 12 and the second planet gear 14 are different by 90 degrees, the two planet gears are respectively fixedly connected with the shafts, the other ends of the two shafts are respectively provided with a first positioning gear 13 and a second positioning gear 15 which are integrally toothed, the two positioning gears 13 and 15 are mutually meshed and are fixedly connected with the shafts, so when the gear ring 11 and the first planet gear 12 are meshed and rotate, although the second planet gear 14 is not meshed with the gear ring 11, the first planet gear 12 can drive the second positioning gear 15 to rotate through the first positioning gear 13, and the second positioning gear 15 drives the second planet gear 14 to rotate.
In the crankless engine shown in fig. 1-7, the planetary gear mechanism shared by the first power cylinder and the fourth power cylinder in the power output mechanism of the engine, when the first power cylinder and the power output shaft 105 move out of the cylinder, the rack of the first power cylinder and the power output shaft drives the gear ring 11 to rotate clockwise, the gear ring 11 drives the first planet gear 12 in the two planet rows to rotate, the first planet gear 12 drives the sun gear 18 to rotate through the fifth planet gear 19, and meanwhile, the second planet gear 12 drives the second planet gear 14 in the two planet rows to rotate through the first positioning gear 13 and the second positioning gear 15; when the power output shaft 105 of the power cylinder I starts to move towards the cylinder, the rack drives the gear ring 11 to rotate anticlockwise, the planet wheel I12 rotates 90 degrees and is disengaged from the gear ring 11, and the planet wheel II 14 also synchronously rotates 90 degrees and is just engaged with the gear ring 11; because the two planet rows are different from each other by one middle planet wheel, although the moving direction of the rack is changed, the rotating direction of the gear ring 11 is changed, the rotating direction of the sun gear 18 driven by the second planet wheel 14 through the third planet wheel 16 and the fourth planet wheel 17 is unchanged, and the continuous rotation of the sun gear 18 is realized.
In the engine without a crankshaft as shown in fig. 1-7, in the planetary gear mechanism shared by the first power cylinder and the fourth power cylinder in the power output mechanism of the engine, because the phase difference between the fourth power cylinder and the first power cylinder is 180 degrees, the meshing between the rack on the power output shaft 405 of the fourth power cylinder and the rack on the power output shaft 105 of the first power cylinder and the ring gear 11 is also exactly 180 degrees, the motion law of the first power cylinder and the fourth power cylinder is the same, and the motion of the first power cylinder and the fourth power cylinder is the same as that of the sun gear 18.
In the engine without crankshaft with 4 power cylinder combinations as shown in fig. 1-7, the piston moves from the top to the bottom of the power cylinder to be the working stroke of combustible mixed gas combustion expansion, the piston moves from the bottom to the top of the power cylinder to be the secondary expansion working and compression stroke of gas, and the working sequence of the power cylinder is as follows: the control method of the power cylinder I1-power cylinder II 2-power cylinder IV 4-power cylinder III 3 comprises the following steps, preferably:
s01: when the piston of the first power cylinder starts to move from the bottom 1303 of the cylinder body to the top, the air inlet 108 at the bottom of the first power cylinder is opened, and when the piston 1315 of the first power cylinder moves for a certain stroke S1 (which can also be expressed by an angle θ 1, such as about 30 °), the piston 1315 of the first power cylinder moves from the bottom of the power cylinder to the top of the power cylinder to the secondary expansion gas outlet 1304 of the first power cylinder, the secondary expansion gas outlet control valve of the first power cylinder is closed, and the secondary expansion gas inlet control valve of the third power cylinder is closed;
s02: when the piston 1315 of the first power cylinder moves to the top by a certain stroke S2 (which may also be represented by an angle θ 2, such as about 70 °) from the bottom 1303 of the cylinder body, the ECU opens the control valve of the secondary expansion gas output port of the second power cylinder and the control valve of the secondary expansion gas input port 108 of the first power cylinder, and closes the air intake valve 109 at the bottom of the first power cylinder, and the combustion exhaust gas near the tail sound of work is introduced into the space below the piston 1315 of the first power cylinder from the secondary expansion gas passage 110, and the combustion exhaust gas with a certain pressure and a certain temperature continues to perform expansion work and heat the fresh air introduced into the first power cylinder in the first power cylinder, so as to push the piston of the first power cylinder to move to the top of the power cylinder;
s03: when the first power cylinder piston 1315 moves to a certain stroke S3 (which may also be represented by an angle θ 3, such as about 120 °) from the bottom 1303 of the cylinder body to the top, when the second power cylinder piston moves to the secondary expanded gas output port from the bottom to the top of the power cylinder, the secondary expanded gas output port control valve of the second power cylinder is closed and the secondary expanded gas input port 108 control valve of the first power cylinder is closed, and the secondary expanded gas in the first power cylinder continues to push the piston 1315 to compress the residual combustion exhaust gas in the cylinder and also performs work through the output shaft;
s04: when the first power cylinder piston 1315 moves to a certain stroke S4 (which can also be represented by an angle θ 4, such as about 150 °) from the bottom 1303 of the cylinder body to the top, the ECU controls the oxygen nozzle 1313 to inject a proper amount of oxygen with a certain pressure (such as about 5.6 Mpa) into the first power cylinder, so that the oxygen absorbs heat of the exhaust gas and also cools the inner wall of the cylinder body;
s05: when the piston 1315 of the first power cylinder moves to a certain stroke S5 (which can also be represented by an angle θ 5, such as about 160 °) from the bottom 1303 of the cylinder body to the top, and the piston 1315 approaches the first cylinder cover 1312 of the power cylinder, the fuel nozzle at the top of the first power cylinder injects a proper amount of gasoline with a certain pressure (such as about 5.6 Mpa) into the cylinder, and the gasoline and the gas in the cylinder form a combustible mixed gas;
s06: when the first power cylinder piston 1315 moves from the bottom of the cylinder body to the top of the cylinder body to a certain angle (for example, the angle of advance of ignition is about 12 degrees), a spark plug fixed on the cylinder cover is ignited, mixed gas is combusted, and high-pressure high-temperature gas is generated to push the piston to move to the bottom of the power cylinder to do work; if the diesel oil is injected into the cylinder, the injection time is later than the gasoline injection time point (the advance angle is about 15 degrees relative to the diesel oil injection); meanwhile, an exhaust gas outlet 106 positioned at the first bottom of the power cylinder is opened, and the final pressure of the secondary expansion gas is utilized to exhaust the gas to the outside of the cylinder;
s07: the mixed gas in a combustion chamber of the power cylinder I is combusted to generate high-temperature and high-pressure gas, so that the piston 1315 is pushed to move towards the bottom to do work, and meanwhile, expanded waste gas with lower pressure and lower temperature after secondary expansion in the cylinder below the piston 1315 is exhausted out of the cylinder;
s08: when the piston 1315 of the first power cylinder moves to a certain position S0 away from the bottom (which can also be represented by an angle theta 0, such as about 20 degrees), S0 is not more than S1, a control valve of a secondary expansion gas output port 1304 of the first power cylinder is opened, a control valve of a secondary expansion gas input port of the third power cylinder is opened, combustion waste gas in the first power cylinder flows to a position between the piston of the third power cylinder which just finishes acting and the bottom of a cylinder body through a secondary expansion gas channel 310, the combustion waste gas in the first power cylinder continues to expand acting and heat fresh air entering the third power cylinder to do acting in the third power cylinder, and the piston of the third power cylinder is pushed to move towards the top of the power cylinder;
s09: when the piston 1315 of the first power cylinder moves to the bottom 1303, the exhaust port 106 at the bottom of the first power cylinder is closed;
in the above engine control method, the ECU determines the amount of oxygen and the amount of fuel injected based on the engine load, temperature, rotation speed, and the oxygen sensor signal in the exhaust passage.
The above-mentioned processes are continuously circulated, so that the linear reciprocating motion of a power output shaft 105 of the power cylinder is realized; by analogy, the second power cylinder, the fourth power cylinder and the third power cylinder all work in sequence:
in the 4-cylinder combination crankless engine shown in fig. 1-7, when the fuel injector is located on the guide post and the oxygen injector is located on the top of the cylinder, the engine control method is the same except for the steps S04 and S05, and the steps S04 and S05 are respectively represented as follows by steps S041 and S051:
s041: when the first power cylinder piston 1315 moves to a certain stroke S41 (which can also be represented by an angle theta 41, such as about 135 degrees) from the bottom 1303 of the cylinder body to the top, the ECU controls the fuel nozzle 1313 to inject a proper amount of fuel with a certain pressure (such as about 5.5 Mpa) into the first power cylinder, and the fuel absorbs the heat of exhaust gas to perform a physical reaction and a partial cracking reaction before combustion so as to prepare for combustion;
s051: when the piston 1315 of the first power cylinder moves to a certain stroke S51 (which can also be represented by an angle θ 51, such as about 165 °) from the bottom 1303 of the cylinder body to the top, and the piston 1315 approaches the top 1312 of the first power cylinder, the oxygen nozzle at the top of the first power cylinder injects a proper amount of oxygen with a certain pressure (about 5.6 MPa) into the cylinder, so that the oxygen and the gas in the cylinder form combustible mixed gas, and the oxidative cracking reaction is further accelerated;
it is to be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely illustrative of or explaining the principles of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Therefore, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Further, it is intended that the appended claims cover all such variations and modifications as fall within the scope and boundaries of the appended claims or the equivalents of such scope and boundaries.

Claims (8)

1. The engine without crankshaft is composed of two or more power cylinders, including power cylinders, secondary expansion gas channel between power cylinders, pulse type lubricating system, fuel oil injection system, cylinder temperature control system, oxygen injection system, ventilation system, starting system, ECU and engine power output system, and is characterized by that:
the power cylinder is vertically or horizontally arranged and comprises a cylinder body, a cylinder cover, a piston, a guide post and a power output shaft, wherein the inner cavity of the cylinder body is a cylindrical cavity and guides the piston to reciprocate together with the guide post, the bottom of the cylinder body is sealed, an output port of secondary expansion gas is arranged on the inner wall surface of the cylinder body, the bottom of the cylinder body is provided with an input port of the secondary expansion gas, an air inlet and a final waste gas outlet, the piston is fixedly connected to the power output shaft through a central hole, the power output shaft is of a hollow tubular structure and is sleeved outside the guide post through an inner cavity hole, a sealing device is arranged between the upper end part of the inner cavity hole of the power shaft and the guide shaft, the power output shaft extends out from the central hole at the bottom of the cylinder body, the sealing device is arranged at the central hole at the, the output shaft of the power shaft makes linear reciprocating motion, one end of the guide post is fixed on the cylinder cover, and the length of the guide post is not less than that of the cylinder body;
one end of a secondary expansion gas channel of the power cylinder is connected with an input port of secondary expansion gas of the power cylinder, the other end of the secondary expansion gas channel is connected with a secondary expansion gas output port of the power cylinder which sequentially applies work behind the power cylinder, the inner wall of the secondary expansion gas channel is a smooth transition pipe cavity, a heat insulation layer is arranged outside the channel, and the output port and the input port of the secondary expansion gas, an air inlet and a waste gas outlet are controlled by electric control solenoid valves;
the pulse type lubricating system is used for conveying lubricating oil to the piston through a lubricating oil channel in the guide post in a mode of spraying the lubricating oil once per stroke at a set position according to a piston motion position signal provided by a position sensor of the power output shaft, lubricating and cooling the inner wall of the power cylinder, the piston and a piston ring, and lubricating the matching surface between the power output shaft and the guide post by the surplus lubricating oil;
the cylinder body temperature control system adopts a mode of combining anhydrous cooling oil cooling and air cooling, and heat at the upper part of the power cylinder is brought to the lower part of the power cylinder through a spiral cooling oil pipeline, so that heated gas expands for the second time to do work;
the fuel injection system injects specified amount of fuel with certain pressure into the power cylinder through the nozzle in due time according to the instruction of the ECU; the oxygen injection system injects specified amount of oxygen with certain pressure into the power cylinder through the oxygen nozzle in due time according to the instruction of the ECU; the oxygen nozzle and the fuel nozzle are arranged on the top of the power cylinder or on the cylindrical surface of the guide column close to the cylinder cover of the power cylinder;
the air exchange system controls the opening and closing of an output port and an input port of secondary expansion gas and an air inlet and a final exhaust gas outlet according to an ECU instruction, the ECU determines the fuel injection quantity, the fuel injection time, the oxygen injection quantity and the injection time according to the motion position, the speed and the load of the piston and the oxygen sensor signal in the exhaust passage, and simultaneously determines the opening and closing time of an output port control valve and an input port control valve of the secondary expansion gas and the opening and closing time of an air inlet control valve and a control valve of the final exhaust gas outlet;
the starting system controls the starter to drive the power output system to rotate through the starting switch so as to start the engine to work;
the engine power output system comprises a gear ring, two planet rows, a sun gear, a gear box body and lubricating oil, wherein the sun gear is an engine total power output element and is characterized in that: the sun gear, the planet gear and the gear ring are all supported on a gear box body through a shaft and a bearing, lubricating oil return oil on an output shaft of the power cylinder flows into the gear box body, the gear box body is fixed on a base of the power cylinder, the extending part of the power output shaft of the power cylinder reciprocates in the gear box body, and a power cylinder waste gas exhaust pipe, an air inlet pipe and a secondary expansion gas channel are fixed on the upper part of the gear box body;
the inner side and the outer side of the gear ring are both provided with teeth, the two planet rows share the gear ring and the sun gear, the output shaft end of the power cylinder is provided with a rack with the length not less than the piston stroke, and the rack is meshed with the outer teeth of the gear ring;
racks on power output shafts of two power cylinders with 180-degree difference in piston motion phase share one gear ring, and racks at output shaft ends of the two power cylinders and the gear ring are located in the same plane, are respectively located on two sides of the gear ring and are meshed with outer teeth of the gear ring;
one of the two planet rows corresponding to each rack is two planet wheels, the other planet wheel is three planet wheels, wherein the planet wheels directly meshed with the gear ring are the same, the sum of the diameters of the pitch circles of the two planet wheels which are not meshed with the gear ring in the planet rows of the three planet wheels is equal to the diameter of the pitch circle of the planet wheel meshed with the sun gear in the planet rows of the two planet wheels, and the planet wheels rotate around a fixed axis;
in the planetary gear mechanism, gear teeth of a planetary gear meshed with a gear ring are divided into two sections of gear teeth, the central angle corresponding to the arc length corresponding to each section of gear teeth is 90 degrees, a notch with a central angle of 90 degrees is arranged between two sections of arcs, the number of the gear teeth on each section of arc length is equal to that on a corresponding rack, and the sum of the tooth pitches on the rack is equal to the motion stroke of a piston of a power cylinder; the installation positions of two planetary gears which are meshed with the gear ring in the two planetary rows are different by 90 degrees, the two planetary gears are respectively and fixedly connected with the shafts, the other ends of the two shafts are respectively and fixedly connected with a positioning gear with complete teeth, and the two positioning gears have the same specification and model and are mutually meshed.
2. The crankless engine according to claim 1, characterized in that: the cylinder body temperature control system comprises: the cooling oil pipe networks of the power cylinders are the same in structure, the cooling oil pipe networks of the power cylinders independently form a subsystem, the outer-layer cooling oil pipe networks of the power cylinders are communicated with each other to form a main system, the outer-layer cooling oil pipe networks are communicated with a liquid feeding port, and the liquid feeding port is screwed and sealed by a sealing cover;
wherein the pulse type lubricating system comprises: the pulse type lubricating subsystem of each power cylinder is identical in structure;
the fuel injection system comprises: the fuel injection subsystem of each power cylinder, the shared fuel pump, the fuel tank for storing fuel and the connecting oil pipe thereof are the same in structure;
wherein the oxygen injection system comprises: the oxygen injection subsystem of each power cylinder, the shared oxygen pump, the oxygen tank for storing oxygen and the connecting air pipe of the oxygen tank are the same in structure;
wherein the ventilation system comprises: the air intake and exhaust system, the common air intake manifold and the common exhaust manifold of each power cylinder, the air intake and exhaust system structure of each power cylinder is the same, and the air intake and exhaust system of each power cylinder comprises: the cylinder body comprises an output port of secondary expansion gas on the inner wall surface of the cylinder body, an input port of the secondary expansion gas positioned at the bottom of the cylinder body, an air inlet, an exhaust gas outlet, an air inlet pipe, a secondary expansion gas channel and an exhaust gas exhaust pipe.
3. The crankless engine according to claim 2, wherein the cooling oil line network of each power cylinder in the cylinder temperature control system of the power cylinder comprises: the cooling oil pipe network of each power cylinder is in the same structure, the section of the cooling oil pipe of each power cylinder is rectangular, the wide surface of the cooling oil pipe of each power cylinder is tightly attached to the outer wall of the power cylinder, and the cooling oil pipe network of each power cylinder is wound on the power cylinder body of each power cylinder in a parallel shape of two spiral lines;
the inlayer cooling fluid pipe network of power cylinder includes: the cylinder head is provided with a cooling oil circulation control valve, the upper half outlet of the inner layer cooling oil pipe flowing from the lower part to the top is connected with the inlet of the S-shaped inner layer cooling oil pipe, the S-shaped inner layer cooling oil pipe is connected with the inlet of the S-shaped inner layer cooling oil pipe, the oil outlet of the S-shaped inner layer cooling oil pipe is connected with the inlet of the upper half part of the inner layer cooling oil pipe flowing from the top to the lower part, and the outlet of the cooling oil circulation control valve is connected with the inlet of the upper half part of the inner layer cooling oil pipe flowing from the top to the lower part;
the outer cooling fluid pipe network of power cylinder is in the cylinder body outside with the winding of single helix shape, has air-cooled fin on its pipe, and the outer cooling fluid pipe network of power cylinder includes: the outer-layer cooling oil liquid pipe is connected with a cooling oil liquid circulation control valve through a connection interface, and the outer-layer cooling oil liquid pipe is connected with a connection interface of the inner-layer cooling oil liquid pipe tee joint; the outer cooling oil liquid pipe is connected with the three-way connection interface of the inner cooling oil liquid pipe at the lower part of the cylinder body and the outer cooling oil liquid pipe, and the outlet of the outer cooling oil liquid pipe is connected with the connection interface of the cooling oil liquid circulation control valve at the cylinder cover and the outer cooling oil liquid pipe.
4. The crankless engine according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the cylinder block temperature control system of each power cylinder is a cooling oil pipe network of each power cylinder, when the cooling oil temperature of the power cylinder is lower than a certain temperature, a cooling oil circulation control valve of the power cylinder is closed, and only the inner cooling oil pipe network participates in the work; when the temperature of the cooling oil of the power cylinder exceeds a certain temperature, the cooling oil circulation control valve of the power cylinder is opened, the two layers of cooling oil pipe networks work simultaneously, and when the temperature of the cooling oil of the power cylinder rises to a certain temperature again, the cooling fan is opened and has different fan rotating speeds according to the temperature of the cooling oil.
5. The crankless engine according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the pulse lubrication subsystem of each power cylinder comprises: a lubricating oil channel and a plurality of lubricating oil spray holes are formed in the guide column at the center of the power cylinder, the spray holes are provided with one-way valves, and a lubricating control valve is arranged between a lubricating oil pipeline and the lubricating oil channel in the guide column; when the piston reaches a certain position of the cylinder barrel, an output port of a lubricating oil channel in the guide post of the power cylinder is aligned with an inner port of the lubricating oil channel in the piston, the ECU controls the lubricating control valve to be opened, lubricating oil is sprayed to the corresponding inner wall of the cylinder barrel between the piston rings through the lubricating oil channel in the piston to lubricate the piston, the piston rings and the inner wall of the cylinder barrel, the piston is cooled through an inner cavity of the piston, and surplus lubricating oil flows back into the gear box body through a combined oil ring and an oil return channel and a fit clearance between the power output shaft and the guide post.
6. The crankless engine according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the piston of the power cylinder has at least 1 air ring on the upper part and the lower part of the outer circle of the piston, at least 1 oil ring on the middle part, and a radial lubricating oil passage inside the piston, and when the piston moves to a certain position, the inner port of the lubricating oil passage inside the piston communicates with the output hole of the lubricating oil passage in the guide post, the outer port of the lubricating oil passage inside the piston is distributed between the air ring groove and the oil ring groove with a smaller diameter, the oil hole in the oil ring groove communicates with the lubricating oil return passage inside the piston, and the lubricating oil return passage inside the piston communicates with the fit clearance between the power output shaft and the guide post.
7. The control method of a crankless engine according to claim 1, characterized in that:
if the power cylinders A, B and C work in the sequence of C-A-B, the control method of the power cylinder A comprises the following steps:
s01: when the piston of the power cylinder A starts to move from the bottom to the top of the cylinder body, the air inlet valve at the bottom of the power cylinder A is opened, and when the piston of the power cylinder A moves for a certain stroke S1, the piston of the power cylinder A moves to the secondary expansion gas outlet from the bottom to the top of the power cylinder at the moment, the secondary expansion gas outlet control valve of the power cylinder A is closed, and the secondary expansion gas inlet control valve of the power cylinder C is closed;
s02: when the piston of the power cylinder A moves for a certain stroke S2, the ECU opens a control valve of a secondary expansion gas outlet of the power cylinder B and a control valve of a secondary expansion gas inlet of the power cylinder A, and simultaneously closes an air inlet valve at the bottom of the power cylinder A, combustion waste gas in the power cylinder B close to the tail sound of work doing enters the space below the piston of the power cylinder A from a secondary expansion gas channel, the combustion waste gas with certain pressure and certain temperature continues to expand and work in the power cylinder A and heat fresh air entering the power cylinder A to expand and work, and the piston of the power cylinder A is pushed to move towards the top of the power cylinder;
s03: when the piston of the power cylinder A moves for a certain stroke S3, and the piston of the power cylinder B moves from the bottom of the power cylinder to the top to the secondary expansion gas output port at the moment, the secondary expansion gas output port control valve of the power cylinder B is closed, the secondary expansion gas input port control valve of the power cylinder A is closed, and the secondary expansion gas in the power cylinder A continues to push residual combustion waste gas in the piston compression cylinder and simultaneously works through the output shaft;
s04: when the piston of the power cylinder A moves for a certain stroke S4, the ECU controls the oxygen nozzle control valve to spray a proper amount of oxygen with a certain pressure into the power cylinder A, and the oxygen absorbs the heat of the waste gas and simultaneously cools the inner wall of the cylinder body;
s05: when the piston of the power cylinder A moves for a certain stroke S5 and the piston approaches the top of the power cylinder, the fuel nozzle at the top of the power cylinder A sprays a proper amount of gasoline with a certain pressure into the cylinder, and the gasoline and the gas in the cylinder form combustible mixed gas;
s06: when the piston of the power cylinder A moves to a certain angle in front of the top of the power cylinder, the ignition advance angle of the position is relative to the ignition advance angle of the traditional engine, the spark plug ignites, the mixed gas burns, and high-pressure and high-temperature gas is generated to push the piston to move to the bottom of the power cylinder to do work; if the diesel oil is injected into the cylinder, the injection time is advanced relative to the injection of the diesel oil; meanwhile, an exhaust gas outlet positioned at the bottom of the power cylinder A is opened, and the final pressure of secondary expansion gas is utilized to exhaust the gas to the outside of the power cylinder A;
s07: a, mixed gas in a combustion chamber of a power cylinder is combusted to generate high-temperature and high-pressure gas to push a piston to move towards the bottom to do work, and meanwhile, expanded waste gas with lower pressure and lower temperature after secondary expansion in a cylinder at the lower part of the piston is exhausted out of the cylinder;
s08: when the piston of the power cylinder A moves to a certain position S0 away from the bottom, S0 is equal to or less than S1 at the moment, a secondary expansion gas output port control valve of the power cylinder A is opened, a secondary expansion gas input port control valve of the power cylinder C is opened, combustion waste gas in the power cylinder A flows to a position between the piston of the power cylinder C which is just finished doing work and the bottom of a cylinder body through a secondary expansion gas channel, the combustion waste gas in the power cylinder A continues to expand and do work in the power cylinder C and heat fresh air entering the power cylinder C to do work in an expansion mode, and the piston of the power cylinder C is pushed to move to the top of;
s09: when the piston of the power cylinder A moves to the bottom, the exhaust port at the bottom of the power cylinder A is closed;
the linear reciprocating motion of the output shaft of the power cylinder A is realized by the continuous circulation;
the working cycles of other power cylinders are analogized by the control method.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the oxygen injector is positioned on the pilot post to inject oxygen into the power cylinder and the fuel injector is positioned on the pilot post to inject fuel into the power cylinder, the fuel injector is positioned on the pilot post to inject fuel into the power cylinder and the fuel injector is positioned on the pilot post to inject oxygen into the power cylinder, the oxygen injector and the fuel injector are positioned on top of the cylinder in an unrestricted order, and the ECU determines the amount of oxygen and fuel injected based on engine load, temperature, speed, and oxygen sensor signals in the exhaust passage.
CN201811155467.8A 2018-09-30 2018-09-30 Engine without crankshaft and control method thereof Expired - Fee Related CN109139245B (en)

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DE20315098U1 (en) * 2003-09-30 2003-12-18 Afanassev, Sergei Two-stroke hybrid engine has two opposed cylinders and two groups of gearwheels, with one of gearwheel groups having only one gearwheel of smaller diameter, and one group of gear racks having only one gear rack
JP2008051058A (en) * 2006-08-28 2008-03-06 Mazda Motor Corp Free-piston engine
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CN203296926U (en) * 2013-01-28 2013-11-20 何瑞森 Straight shaft type internal combustion engine
CN105569843A (en) * 2015-12-24 2016-05-11 安里千 Engine transmission device for replacing crankshaft-connecting rod mechanism
CN106870156A (en) * 2017-01-20 2017-06-20 浙江大学 A kind of double ratchet wheels formula driving engine structure

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CN2108805U (en) * 1991-04-30 1992-07-01 李恒权 Reciprocating piston type internal-combustion engine without crankshaft
DE20315098U1 (en) * 2003-09-30 2003-12-18 Afanassev, Sergei Two-stroke hybrid engine has two opposed cylinders and two groups of gearwheels, with one of gearwheel groups having only one gearwheel of smaller diameter, and one group of gear racks having only one gear rack
JP2008051058A (en) * 2006-08-28 2008-03-06 Mazda Motor Corp Free-piston engine
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