CN109136670B - A kind of 6XXX line aluminium alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of 6XXX line aluminium alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109136670B CN109136670B CN201810954316.2A CN201810954316A CN109136670B CN 109136670 B CN109136670 B CN 109136670B CN 201810954316 A CN201810954316 A CN 201810954316A CN 109136670 B CN109136670 B CN 109136670B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/043—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with silicon as the next major constituent
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of 6XXX line aluminium alloys, belong to field of metal alloy technology.It is prepared by the elemental constituent for including following weight percentage: Mg 0.8~1.5%, Si 1.5~3.0%, Cu 0.2~0.5%, Mn 0.2~0.5%, Cr 0.1~0.15%, Y 0.15~0.4%, Zr 0.1~0.3%, Sr 0.05~0.15%, Ti 0.01~0.04%, Zn≤0.1%, Fe≤0.5%, single impurity≤0.05%, adds up to impurity≤0.15%, surplus Al.The as-cast structure of yttrium zirconium refining aluminum alloy, can strengthen fine grain；Superfluous Si improves the hardness and intensity of aluminium alloy.From embodiment as can be seen that the hardness of aluminium alloy is 129HBW, tensile strength 411MPa, yield strength 348MPa, elongation percentage 15%.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of metal alloy technology more particularly to a kind of 6XXX line aluminium alloy and preparation method thereof.
Background technique
6XXX line aluminium alloy belongs to ageing strengthening type aluminium alloy, has low-density, moderate strength, welding and processability good
The advantages that good, is widely used in the fields such as aerospace, automobile, high-speed rail, building as structural member.
It is well known that the performance of 6XXX alloy is by the metastable state β " of stable phase β phase, being mutually precipitated is influenced, and in aluminium alloy
Whether the metastable state β " for stablizing β phase, which is mutually precipitated, is mainly determined by heat treatment process.Therefore, scientific and technical personnel are in order to improve 6XXX
Research emphasis has generally been placed on aluminum alloy heat processing step by the comprehensive mechanical property of line aluminium alloy, such as uses a variety of heat treatments
Process means increase the mechanical strength of aluminium alloy, especially by some nanoscale precipitated phase institutes being precipitated during heat treatment
Caused precipitation-hardening is the hot spot of Recent study.
In the prior art, nobody in 6XXX line aluminium alloy by adding other metallic elements and its matched heat treatment
To improve the research of aluminium alloy capability.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of 6XXX line aluminium alloys and preparation method thereof.The present invention is in aluminium
The synergy of addition element silicon, yttrium and zirconium in alloy raw material, three improves the comprehensive performance of aluminium alloy.
In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention the following technical schemes are provided:
The present invention provides a kind of 6XXX line aluminium alloys, are prepared by the elemental constituent for including following weight percentage
It arrives: Mg 0.8~1.5%, Si 1.5~3.0%, Cu 0.2~0.5%, Mn 0.2~0.5%, Cr 0.1~0.15%, Y
0.15~0.4%, Zr 0.1~0.3%, Sr 0.05~0.15%, Ti 0.01~0.04%, Zn≤0.1%, Fe≤
0.5%, single impurity≤0.05% adds up to impurity≤0.15%, surplus Al.
Preferably, by including that the elemental constituent of following weight percentage is prepared: Mg 0.92%, Si 2.0%, Cu
0.3%, Mn 0.4%, Cr 0.1%, Y 0.25%, Zr 0.15%, Sr 0.10%, Ti 0.02%, Zn≤0.1%, Fe≤
0.2%, single impurity≤0.05% adds up to impurity≤0.15%, surplus Al.
Preferably, the hardness number of the 6XXX line aluminium alloy is 129HBW, tensile strength 411MPa, and yield strength is
348MPa, elongation percentage 15%.
The present invention also provides the preparation methods of 6XXX line aluminium alloy described in above-mentioned technical proposal, comprising the following steps:
(1) fine aluminium ingot, pure magnesium ingot, aluminium silicon intermediate alloy, aluminum bronze are weighed according to each element weight percentage in aluminium alloy
Intermediate alloy, aluminium manganese intermediate alloy, aluminium chromium hardener, aluminium yttrium intermediate alloy, aluminium zirconium hardener and aluminium-strontium master alloy；
(2) by the step (1) raw material and fining agent, coverture and refining agent melting, obtain aluminium alloy smelting liquid；
(3) the aluminium alloy smelting liquid that the step (2) obtains successively cast, annealed, being squeezed, solution treatment and when
Effect processing, obtains the 6XXX line aluminium alloy.
Preferably, the melting of the step (2) is the following steps are included: (a) is closed after the fusing of fine aluminium ingot with aluminium silicon centre
Gold, aluminum bronze intermediate alloy, aluminium manganese intermediate alloy, aluminium chromium hardener, aluminium yttrium intermediate alloy, aluminium zirconium hardener, among aluminium strontium
Alloy, coverture and refining agent mixing, carry out melting once, obtain melting once liquid；(b) obtain the step (a) one
Secondary melting liquid is mixed with pure magnesium ingot, is carried out secondary smelting, is obtained secondary smelting liquid；(c) step (b) is obtained secondary molten
Refining liquid is mixed with fining agent, carries out melting three times, is stood, is obtained aluminium alloy smelting liquid.
Preferably, the temperature of melting once is 750~800 DEG C in the step (a).
Preferably, the temperature of secondary smelting is 720~750 DEG C in the step (b).
Preferably, the temperature annealed in the step (3) is 520~540 DEG C, and the time is 8~16h.
Preferably, the temperature of solution treatment is 500~540 DEG C in the step (3), and the time is 1~3h.
Preferably, the temperature of ageing treatment is 150~200 DEG C in the step (3), and the time is 4~12h.
The present invention provides a kind of 6XXX line aluminium alloys, are prepared by the elemental constituent for including following weight percentage
It arrives: Mg 0.8~1.5%, Si 1.5~3.0%, Cu 0.2~0.5%, Mn 0.2~0.5%, Cr 0.1~0.15%, Y
0.15~0.4%, Zr 0.1~0.3%, Sr 0.05~0.15%, Ti 0.01~0.04%, Zn≤0.1%, Fe≤
0.5%, single impurity≤0.05% adds up to impurity≤0.15%, surplus Al.Superfluous Si element in aluminium alloy of the invention
Be solid-solubilized in aluminum substrate on a small quantity, it is most of with the formal distribution of phase silicon or compound in grain boundaries, conjunction can be improved in superfluous Si
The hardness and intensity of gold.The joint addition of yttrium zr element can play the role of refined crystalline strengthening with the as-cast structure of refining aluminum alloy.From
It is 129HBW that embodiment, which can be seen that 6XXX line aluminium alloy hardness number of the invention, and tensile strength reaches 411MPa, yield strength
348MPa, elongation percentage 15%.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the stereoscan photograph of 200 times of as cast condition ingot casting in embodiment 1；
Fig. 2 is the stereoscan photograph of 500 times of as cast condition ingot casting in embodiment 1；
Fig. 3 is the stereoscan photograph that ingot casting is squeezed in embodiment 1；
Fig. 4 is the stereoscan photograph that ingot casting is dissolved in embodiment 1；
Fig. 5 is the transmission electron microscope photo of 6XXX line aluminium alloy in embodiment 1.
Specific embodiment
The present invention provides a kind of 6XXX line aluminium alloys, are prepared by the elemental constituent for including following weight percentage
It arrives: Mg 0.8~1.5%, Si 1.5~3.0%, Cu 0.2~0.5%, Mn 0.2~0.5%, Cr 0.1~0.15%, Y
0.15~0.4%, Zr 0.1~0.3%, Sr 0.05~0.15%, Ti 0.01~0.04%, Zn≤0.1%, Fe≤
0.5%, single impurity≤0.05% adds up to impurity≤0.15%, surplus Al.
In the present invention, it is 0.8~1.5% that the raw material for preparing the 6XXX line aluminium alloy, which includes weight percentage,
Mg, preferably 0.9~1.4%, more preferably 0.92~1.0%.
In the present invention, it is 1.5~3.0% that the raw material for preparing the 6XXX line aluminium alloy, which includes weight percentage,
Si, preferably 1.8~2.5%, more preferably 2.0~2.2%.In the present invention, the Si element is solid-solubilized in aluminum substrate on a small quantity
In, it is most of with the formal distribution of phase silicon or compound in grain boundaries, the hardness and intensity of alloy can be improved in superfluous Si.
In the present invention, it is 0.2~0.5% that the raw material for preparing the 6XXX line aluminium alloy, which includes weight percentage,
Cu, preferably 0.25~0.45%, more preferably 0.3~0.4%.
In the present invention, it is 0.2~0.5% that the raw material for preparing the 6XXX line aluminium alloy, which includes weight percentage,
Mn, preferably 0.25~0.45%, more preferably 0.3~0.4%.
In the present invention, it is 0.1~0.15% that the raw material for preparing the 6XXX line aluminium alloy, which includes weight percentage,
Cr, preferably 0.11~0.14%, more preferably 0.12~0.13%.
In the present invention, it is 0.15~0.4% that the raw material for preparing the 6XXX line aluminium alloy, which includes weight percentage,
Y, preferably 0.20~0.35%, more preferably 0.25~0.30%.In the present invention, solubility of the yttrium in aluminium is smaller, and one
Part segregation forms Al in grain boundaries3The compounds phase such as Y strengthens crystal boundary, while can improve Fe, Mn coarse on crystal boundary,
The compounds phase such as Cu, Cr keeps these precipitated phases more tiny broken；A part is solid-solubilized in aluminum substrate, can be formed after timeliness
The more Al of small and dispersed3Y、Al3The phases such as Zr play the role of dispersion-strengtherning and Ding Zha dislocation, enhance alloy mechanical property.
In the present invention, it is 0.1~0.3% that the raw material for preparing the 6XXX line aluminium alloy, which includes weight percentage,
Zr, preferably 0.12~0.25%, more preferably 0.15~0.2%.In the present invention, the addition of yttrium zr element joint can refine
The as-cast structure of aluminium alloy, plays the role of refined crystalline strengthening.
In the present invention, it is 0.05~0.15% that the raw material for preparing the 6XXX line aluminium alloy, which includes weight percentage,
Sr, preferably 0.06~0.14%, more preferably 0.08~0.12%.In the present invention, more due to containing in aluminium alloy
Superfluous Si, therefore it is added to a small amount of Sr alterant, it is possible to reduce the formation of coarse Si phase keeps Si particle more broken, distribution
More uniformly, improve the comprehensive performance of alloy.
In the present invention, it is 0.01~0.04% that the raw material for preparing the 6XXX line aluminium alloy, which includes weight percentage,
Ti, preferably 0.015~0.03%, more preferably 0.02~0.025%.
In the present invention, preparing inevitably includes Fe and Zn impurity in the raw material of the 6XXX line aluminium alloy, wherein
The weight percentage of impurity Zn is preferably≤0.1%；The weight percentage of impurity F e is preferably≤0.5%.In the present invention
In, it prepares inevitably also containing the impurity in addition to Fe and Zn in the raw material of the 6XXX line aluminium alloy, such as boron, sodium, oxygen.
In the present invention, the impurity total≤0.15%；Single impurity≤0.05%.
The present invention also provides the preparation methods of above-mentioned 6XXX line aluminium alloy, comprising the following steps:
(1) weight percentage of each element weighs fine aluminium ingot, pure magnesium ingot, the centre conjunction of aluminium silicon according to the above technical scheme
Gold, aluminum bronze intermediate alloy, aluminium manganese intermediate alloy, aluminium chromium hardener, aluminium yttrium intermediate alloy, aluminium zirconium hardener, among aluminium strontium
Alloy；
(2) by the step (1) raw material and fining agent, coverture and refining agent melting, obtain aluminium alloy smelting liquid；
(3) the aluminium alloy smelting liquid that the step (2) obtains successively cast, annealed, being squeezed, solution treatment and when
Effect processing, obtains the 6XXX line aluminium alloy.
The each element weight percentage weighs fine aluminium ingot, pure magnesium ingot, in aluminium silicon to the present invention according to the above technical scheme
Between alloy, aluminum bronze intermediate alloy, aluminium manganese intermediate alloy, aluminium chromium hardener, aluminium yttrium intermediate alloy, aluminium zirconium hardener and aluminium strontium
Intermediate alloy.The present invention does not have special restriction to the source of each raw material, using well known to those skilled in the art commercially available
Product.The present invention does not have special restriction to the weight ratio of the raw material, as long as keeping the weight percentage of each element full
Sufficient Mg 0.8%~1.5%, Si 1.5~3.0%, Cu 0.2~0.5%, Mn 0.2~0.5%, Cr 0.1~0.15%, Y
0.15~0.4%, Zr 0.1~0.3%, Sr 0.05~0.15%, Ti 0.01~0.04%, Zn≤0.1%, Fe≤
0.5%, single impurity≤0.05% adds up to impurity≤0.15%, and surplus is Al.
After getting out raw material, the raw material and fining agent, coverture and refining agent melting it is molten to be obtained aluminium alloy by the present invention
Refine liquid.The present invention does not have special restriction to fining agent, coverture and refining agent, using preparation well known to those skilled in the art
The common fining agent of aluminium alloy, coverture and refining agent, e.g., fining agent is preferably Al-5Ti-1B, and coverture is preferably
45%NaCl+45%KCl+10%Na3AlF6, refining agent is preferably C2F6.In the present invention, the raw material, fining agent, covering
The mass ratio of agent and refining agent be preferably 150~200:2:2:1, more preferably 160~190:2:2:1, most preferably 170~
180:2:2:1.
In the present invention, the melting preferably includes following steps: (a) by fine aluminium ingot fusing after, with aluminium silicon intermediate alloy,
Aluminum bronze intermediate alloy, aluminium manganese intermediate alloy, aluminium chromium hardener, aluminium yttrium intermediate alloy, aluminium zirconium hardener, aluminium strontium centre are closed
Gold, coverture and refining agent mixing, carry out melting once, obtain melting once liquid；(b) step (a) is obtained primary
Melting liquid is mixed with pure magnesium ingot, is carried out secondary smelting, is obtained secondary smelting liquid；(c) secondary smelting for obtaining the step (b)
Liquid is mixed with fining agent, carries out melting three times, is stood, is obtained aluminium alloy smelting liquid.In the present invention, the fine aluminium ingot fusing temperature
Preferably 730~780 DEG C of degree, more preferably 740~770 DEG C, most preferably 750~760 DEG C.In the present invention, described primary
The temperature of melting is preferably 750~800 DEG C, more preferably 760~790 DEG C, most preferably 770~780 DEG C.In the present invention,
The temperature of the secondary smelting is preferably 720~750 DEG C, more preferably 725~745 DEG C, most preferably 730~740 DEG C.At this
In invention, the temperature of the melting three times is preferably 730~740 DEG C.In the present invention, the time of the standing be preferably 20~
40min.The present invention is to fine aluminium ingot fusing time, melting once time, secondary smelting time and three times smelting time is not special
Restriction, as long as alloy can be made to melt completely.
After melting once, the present invention preferably carries out first time degasification except Slag treatment.
After secondary smelting, the present invention is preferably added to slagging agent, carries out second and removes Slag treatment.
After obtaining aluminium alloy smelting liquid, aluminium alloy smelting liquid is successively cast, is annealed, squeezed, at solid solution by the present invention
Reason and ageing treatment, obtain the 6XXX line aluminium alloy.
In the present invention, the temperature of aluminium alloy smelting liquid is preferably 730~740 DEG C when the casting.In the present invention, institute
The hydraulic pressure for stating casting is preferably 0.01~0.03MPa, more preferably 0.015~0.025MPa, most preferably 0.02MPa.At this
In invention, the speed of the casting is preferably 20~30mm/min, more preferably 22~28mm/min, most preferably 24~
26mm/min.The present invention does not have special restriction to the shape of ingot casting after casting, those skilled in the art according to actual needs into
Row selection.In an embodiment of the present invention, the diameter of the ingot casting is preferably 126mm, and length is preferably 400~410mm.
In the present invention, the temperature of the annealing is preferably 520~540 DEG C, and more preferably 525~535 DEG C, most preferably
528~532 DEG C.In the present invention, the time of the annealing is preferably 8~16h, more preferably 10~15h, most preferably 12~
14h.In the present invention, after the annealing, ingot casting after annealing is preferably air-cooled to 25 DEG C by the present invention.
In the present invention, the extruding preferably includes ingot casting after annealing and successively heats, keeps the temperature and squeeze again.In the present invention,
The temperature of the heating is preferably 440~460 DEG C, more preferably 445~455 DEG C, most preferably 450 DEG C；The heat preservation when
Between preferably 10~12h.In the present invention, the temperature of extrusion cylinder is preferably 460~480 DEG C, more preferably 465 when the extruding
~475 DEG C, most preferably 470 DEG C；The speed of the extruding is preferably 8~12m/min, more preferably 9~11m/min, optimal
It is selected as 10m/min；The extrusion ratio of the extruding is preferably 20~30.In the present invention, ingot casting is being squeezed after the annealing
Before, it wipes and draws in order to avoid ingot casting surface, ingot casting railway carriage to diameter is 122mm after preferably annealing, and length is sawn to 300mm.
In the present invention, the temperature of the solution treatment is preferably 500~540 DEG C, more preferably 510~535 DEG C, optimal
It is selected as 520~530 DEG C.In the present invention, the time of the solution treatment is preferably 1~3h, more preferably 1.5~2.5h, most
Preferably 2.0~2.3h.In the present invention, after the solid solution, the present invention is preferably by ingot casting water cooling to room temperature.
In the present invention, the temperature of the ageing treatment is preferably 150~200 DEG C, more preferably 160~190 DEG C, optimal
It is selected as 170~180 DEG C.In the present invention, the time of the ageing treatment is preferably 4~12h, more preferably 6~10h, optimal
It is selected as 8h.In the present invention, after ageing treatment, ageing treatment product is preferably air-cooled to room temperature by the present invention.
Superfluous Si element is solid-solubilized in aluminum substrate on a small quantity in aluminium alloy stock of the invention, most of with phase silicon or change
The formal distribution of object is closed in grain boundaries, the hardness and strength of aluminium alloy can be improved in superfluous Si；It is more due to containing in aluminium alloy
Superfluous Si, therefore be added to a small amount of Sr alterant, it is possible to reduce the formation of coarse Si phase keeps Si particle more broken, point
Cloth is more uniform, improves the comprehensive performance of alloy.The joint addition of yttrium zirconium it is strong can to play fine grain with the as-cast structure of refining aluminum alloy
The effect of change.Solubility of the yttrium in aluminium is smaller, and a part of segregation forms Al in grain boundaries3The compounds phase such as Y strengthens crystal boundary,
Fe coarse on crystal boundary, Mn, Cu can be improved simultaneously, the compounds phase such as Cr keeps these precipitated phases more tiny broken；A part
Yttrium and zirconium are solid-solubilized in aluminum substrate, and the Al of more small and dispersed can be formed after timeliness3Y、Al3The phases such as Zr, play dispersion-strengtherning and
Surely the effect for pricking dislocation, enhances alloy mechanical property.
6XXX line aluminium alloy provided by the invention has excellent comprehensive performance, hardness number 129HBW, and tensile strength is
411MPa, yield strength 348MPa, elongation percentage 15%；Also there is good machining property and cutting ability simultaneously,
It can be used for ABS, OA, optical instrument component etc..
6XXX line aluminium alloy provided by the invention and preparation method thereof is described in detail below with reference to embodiment, but
It is that they cannot be interpreted as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
A kind of 6XXX line aluminium alloy is prepared by the elemental constituent for including following weight percentage: Mg 0.92%,
Si 2.0%, Cu 0.3%, Mn 0.4%, Cr 0.1%, Y 0.25%, Zr 0.15%, Sr 0.10%, Ti 0.02%, Zn
0.1%, Fe 0.2%, single impurity≤0.05% add up to impurity≤0.15%, surplus Al.
Preparation method the following steps are included:
(1) according to above-mentioned each element weight percentage weigh fine aluminium ingot, pure magnesium ingot, aluminium silicon intermediate alloy, among aluminum bronze
Alloy, aluminium manganese intermediate alloy, aluminium chromium hardener, aluminium yttrium intermediate alloy, aluminium zirconium hardener, aluminium-strontium master alloy；
(2) by fine aluminium ingot in 780 DEG C fusing after, be added aluminium silicon intermediate alloy, aluminum bronze intermediate alloy, aluminium manganese intermediate alloy,
Aluminium chromium hardener, aluminium yttrium intermediate alloy, aluminium zirconium hardener, aluminium-strontium master alloy, coverture and refining agent, in 780 DEG C into
Row melting once obtains melting once liquid；730 DEG C are cooled to, obtained melting once liquid is mixed with pure magnesium ingot, is carried out secondary
Melting obtains secondary smelting liquid；Obtained secondary smelting liquid is mixed with aluminium titanium boron, in 730 DEG C of progress meltings three times, is stood
20min obtains aluminium alloy smelting liquid；
(3) the aluminium alloy smelting liquid for obtaining the step (2) is in 740 DEG C, hydraulic pressure 0.03MPa, speed 30mm/
It is cast under conditions of min, obtaining diameter is 126mm, and length is the as cast condition ingot casting of 410mm；As cast condition ingot casting is annealed in 540 DEG C
8h, it is cooling in stove air out, obtain annealing ingot casting；It is 122mm by annealing ingot casting railway carriage to diameter, length is sawn to 300mm, obtains
To railway carriage ingot casting；Railway carriage ingot casting is heated to 440 DEG C of heat preservation 12h, is come out of the stove；It is 480 DEG C in extrusion cylinder temperature, extrusion speed is
12m/min is squeezed under conditions of extrusion ratio 25, obtains squeezing ingot casting；The ingot casting of extruding in 510 DEG C of solution treatment 2h, consolidate
Molten ingot casting；Ingot casting is dissolved in 170 DEG C of ageing treatment 8h, obtains the 6XXX line aluminium alloy.
Using the hardness of GB/T231.1-2002 measurement 6XXX line aluminium alloy, result is that hardness is 113HBW.
Using tensile strength, yield strength and the elongation percentage of GB/T228-2002 measurement 6XXX line aluminium alloy, result is anti-
Tensile strength is 371MPa, yield strength 313MPa, elongation percentage 14.4%.
Using the microstructure of 200 times and 500 times scanning electron microscopic observation as cast condition ingot castings, as a result respectively such as Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 institute
Show.From Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 it can be seen that as cast condition ingot casting is more uniform tiny equiax crystal, isometric anisotropic crystalline is small, processes time-varying
Shape is uniform, plasticity is good, is conducive to subsequent processing；In addition, apparent segregation phenomena as we can see from the figure；Meanwhile there is also
Some not molten residual phases.It carries out EDS energy spectrum analysis to positions some in figure to show, white more coarse second is mutually main
It is the non-equilibrium phase of Si and Cu element, the second comparatively fine phase of grey mainly contains the indissolubles phase such as Fe, Mn, Cr, and a small amount of
Mg2Si.Therefore, as cast condition ingot casting is made annealing treatment, to eliminate segregation.
The microstructure for squeezing ingot casting and being dissolved ingot casting is observed using surface sweeping Electronic Speculum, it is as a result as shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4 respectively.
In conjunction with Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 it can be seen that squeezing ingot casting along the direction of extrusion is in threadiness, there are a large amount of residual phases on crystal boundary.By solid solution
After processing, transgranular residual is mutually dissolved in matrix substantially, and mutually most of dissolution, alloy structure become more the residual on crystal boundary
It is even.Solid solution ingot casting of the invention forms more sufficient supersaturated solid solution, be conducive to be precipitated in ageing treatment it is more and
The more hardening constituent of disperse enhances the mechanical property of aluminium alloy.
It is as a result as shown in Figure 5 respectively using the microstructure of transmission electron microscope observing 6XXX line aluminium alloy.It can from Fig. 5
Out: Al3Y、Al3Zr and other precipitated phases are evenly distributed, and size is in spherical and blocky, pattern class between 50~150nm
Seemingly.Grain boundaries have the precipitated phase of larger size, and certain invigoration effect can be played to crystal boundary；Aluminium alloy disperse simultaneously is uniform
Acicular Mg is precipitated2Si phase, this β " phase invigoration effect is best, can enable aluminum alloy to the mechanical property for having optimal.Simultaneously
Al3Y、Al3Zr and the also more uniform distribution of other precipitated phases.
Embodiment 2
A kind of 6XXX line aluminium alloy is prepared by the elemental constituent for including following weight percentage: Mg 0.90%,
Si 2.2%, Cu 0.3%, Mn 0.4%, Cr 0.12%, Y 0.27%, Zr 0.15%, Sr 0.10%, Ti 0.03%,
Zn 0.09%, Fe 0.17%, single impurity≤0.05% add up to impurity≤0.15%, surplus Al.
Preparation method the following steps are included:
(1) according to above-mentioned each element weight percentage weigh fine aluminium ingot, pure magnesium ingot, aluminium silicon intermediate alloy, among aluminum bronze
Alloy, aluminium manganese intermediate alloy, aluminium chromium hardener, aluminium yttrium intermediate alloy, aluminium zirconium hardener, aluminium-strontium master alloy；
(2) by fine aluminium ingot in 780 DEG C fusing after, be added aluminium silicon intermediate alloy, aluminum bronze intermediate alloy, aluminium manganese intermediate alloy,
Aluminium chromium hardener, aluminium yttrium intermediate alloy, aluminium zirconium hardener, aluminium-strontium master alloy, coverture and refining agent, are once melted
Refining, obtains melting once liquid；730 DEG C are cooled to, obtained melting once liquid is mixed with pure magnesium ingot, secondary smelting is carried out, obtains
To secondary smelting liquid；Obtained secondary smelting liquid is mixed with aluminium titanium boron, in 730 DEG C of progress meltings three times, 15min is stood, obtains
To aluminium alloy smelting liquid；
(3) the aluminium alloy smelting liquid for obtaining the step (2) is in 730 DEG C, hydraulic pressure 0.025MPa, speed 25mm/
It is cast under conditions of min, obtaining diameter is 126mm, and length is the as cast condition ingot casting of 400~410mm；As cast condition ingot casting is in 530
DEG C annealing heat preservation 12h, it is cooling in stove air out, obtain annealing ingot casting；It is 122mm, length saw by annealing ingot casting railway carriage to diameter
It is switched to 300mm, obtains railway carriage ingot casting；Railway carriage ingot casting is heated to 450 DEG C of heat preservation 10h, is come out of the stove；It is 470 DEG C in extrusion cylinder temperature,
Extrusion speed is 10m/min, is squeezed under conditions of extrusion ratio 25；Ingot casting after extruding is in 530 DEG C of solution treatment 2h, in 180 DEG C
Ageing treatment 8h obtains the 6XXX line aluminium alloy.
Using the hardness of method measurement 6XXX line aluminium alloy same as Example 1, result is that hardness is 126HBW.
Using tensile strength, yield strength and the elongation percentage of method measurement 6XXX line aluminium alloy same as Example 1, knot
Fruit is that tensile strength is 411MPa, yield strength 348MPa, elongation percentage 15%.
Embodiment 3
A kind of 6XXX line aluminium alloy is prepared: Mg 1.1%, Si by the elemental constituent for including following weight percentage
2.0%, Cu 0.32%, Mn 0.39%, Cr 0.11%, Y 0.28%, Zr 0.16%, Sr 0.09%, Ti 0.025%,
Zn 0.1%, Fe 0.16%, single impurity≤0.05% add up to impurity≤0.15%, surplus Al.
Preparation method the following steps are included:
(1) according to above-mentioned each element weight percentage weigh fine aluminium ingot, pure magnesium ingot, aluminium silicon intermediate alloy, among aluminum bronze
Alloy, aluminium manganese intermediate alloy, aluminium chromium hardener, aluminium yttrium intermediate alloy, aluminium zirconium hardener, aluminium-strontium master alloy；
(2) by fine aluminium ingot in 730 DEG C fusing after, be added aluminium silicon intermediate alloy, aluminum bronze intermediate alloy, aluminium manganese intermediate alloy,
Aluminium chromium hardener, aluminium yttrium intermediate alloy, aluminium zirconium hardener, aluminium-strontium master alloy, coverture and refining agent, are once melted
Refining, obtains melting once liquid；730 DEG C are cooled to, obtained melting once liquid is mixed with pure magnesium ingot, secondary smelting is carried out, obtains
To secondary smelting liquid；Obtained secondary smelting liquid is mixed with aluminium titanium boron, in 730 DEG C of progress meltings three times, 25min is stood, obtains
To aluminium alloy smelting liquid；
(3) the aluminium alloy smelting liquid for obtaining the step (2) is in 740 DEG C, hydraulic pressure 0.03MPa, speed 30mm/
It is cast under conditions of min, obtaining diameter is 126mm, and length is the as cast condition ingot casting of 400~410mm；As cast condition ingot casting is in 535
DEG C annealing heat preservation 14h, it is cooling in stove air out；It is 122mm by the ingot casting railway carriage of annealing to diameter, length is sawn to 300mm, vehicle
Skin ingot casting；Railway carriage ingot casting is heated to 450 DEG C of heat preservation 12h, is come out of the stove；It is 475 DEG C in extrusion cylinder temperature, extrusion speed 10m/
Min is squeezed under conditions of extrusion ratio 25, obtains squeezing ingot casting；Ingot casting is squeezed in 540 DEG C of solution treatment 2h, obtains solid solution ingot casting；
Ingot casting is dissolved in 170 DEG C of ageing treatment 10h, obtains the 6XXX line aluminium alloy.
Using the hardness of method measurement 6XXX line aluminium alloy same as Example 1, result is that hardness is 117HBW.
Using tensile strength, yield strength and the elongation percentage of method measurement 6XXX line aluminium alloy same as Example 1, knot
Fruit is that tensile strength is 396MPa, yield strength 331MPa, elongation percentage 14.6%.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, various improvements and modifications may be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, these improvements and modifications are also answered
It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of 6XXX line aluminium alloy is prepared by the elemental constituent for including following weight percentage: Mg 0.8% ~ 1.5%,
Si 1.5 ~ 3.0%, Cu 0.2 ~ 0.5%, Mn 0.2 ~ 0.5%, Cr 0.1 ~ 0.15%, Y 0.15 ~ 0.4%, Zr 0.1 ~ 0.3%, Sr
0.05 ~ 0.15%, Ti 0.01 ~ 0.04%, Zn≤0.1%, Fe≤0.5%, single impurity≤0.05% add up to impurity≤0.15%, remaining
Amount is Al；
The preparation method of above-mentioned 6XXX line aluminium alloy, comprising the following steps:
(1) fine aluminium ingot, pure magnesium ingot, aluminium silicon intermediate alloy, aluminum bronze intermediate alloy, aluminium manganese are weighed according to each element weight percentage
Intermediate alloy, aluminium chromium hardener, aluminium yttrium intermediate alloy, aluminium zirconium hardener, aluminium-strontium master alloy；
(2) by the step (1) raw material and fining agent, coverture and refining agent melting, obtain aluminium alloy smelting liquid；
(3) the aluminium alloy smelting liquid that the step (2) obtains successively cast, annealed, being squeezed, at solution treatment and timeliness
Reason, obtains the 6XXX line aluminium alloy；
The temperature annealed in the step (3) is 520 ~ 540 DEG C, and the time is 8 ~ 16h；
The temperature of solution treatment is 500 ~ 540 DEG C in the step (3), and the time is 1 ~ 3h；
The temperature of ageing treatment is 150 ~ 200 DEG C in the step (3), and the time is 4 ~ 12h.
2. 6XXX line aluminium alloy according to claim 1, which is characterized in that by the element including following weight percentage
Component is prepared: Mg 0.92%, Si 2.0%, Cu 0.3%, Mn 0.4%, Cr 0.1%, Y 0.25%, Zr 0.15%, Sr
0.10%, Ti 0.02%, Zn≤0.1%, Fe≤0.2%, single impurity≤0.05% add up to impurity≤0.15%, surplus Al.
3. 6XXX line aluminium alloy according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that the hardness number of the 6XXX line aluminium alloy
For 129HBW, tensile strength 411MPa, yield strength 348MPa, elongation percentage 15%.
4. the preparation method of 6XXX line aluminium alloy described in claim 1 ~ 3 any one, comprising the following steps:
(1) fine aluminium ingot, pure magnesium ingot, aluminium silicon intermediate alloy, aluminum bronze intermediate alloy, aluminium manganese are weighed according to each element weight percentage
Intermediate alloy, aluminium chromium hardener, aluminium yttrium intermediate alloy, aluminium zirconium hardener, aluminium-strontium master alloy；
(2) by the step (1) raw material and fining agent, coverture and refining agent melting, obtain aluminium alloy smelting liquid；
(3) the aluminium alloy smelting liquid that the step (2) obtains successively cast, annealed, being squeezed, at solution treatment and timeliness
Reason, obtains the 6XXX line aluminium alloy；
The temperature annealed in the step (3) is 520 ~ 540 DEG C, and the time is 8 ~ 16h；
The temperature of solution treatment is 500 ~ 540 DEG C in the step (3), and the time is 1 ~ 3h；
The temperature of ageing treatment is 150 ~ 200 DEG C in the step (3), and the time is 4 ~ 12h.
5. the preparation method according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the melting of the step (2) the following steps are included:
(a) after melting fine aluminium ingot, with aluminium silicon intermediate alloy, aluminum bronze intermediate alloy, aluminium manganese intermediate alloy, aluminium chromium hardener, aluminium yttrium
Intermediate alloy, aluminium zirconium hardener, aluminium-strontium master alloy, coverture and refining agent mixing, carry out melting once, are once melted
Refine liquid；(b) the melting once liquid that the step (a) obtains is mixed with pure magnesium ingot, carries out secondary smelting, obtains secondary smelting
Liquid；(c) the secondary smelting liquid that the step (b) obtains is mixed with fining agent, carries out melting three times, stood, obtain aluminium alloy
Melting liquid.
6. preparation method according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the temperature of melting once is 750 in the step (a)
~800℃。
7. preparation method according to claim 5 or 6, which is characterized in that the temperature of secondary smelting is in the step (b)
720~750℃。
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