CN109117556B - A prediction method of shield advancing distance based on cutting performance of shield cutter head - Google Patents
A prediction method of shield advancing distance based on cutting performance of shield cutter head Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于盾构刀盘刀具分区切削性能的盾构推进距离预测方法。该方法基于可靠性理论结合性能退化的思想研究刀盘刀具在切削过程中可靠性变化的普遍数量规律，并对其进行分析、评价、设计和控制，且可考虑刀具磨损历史。利用概率统计学原理并考量盾构推进的综合环境，结合大量工程经验绘制出考虑环境因素的盾构刀具系统在分区状况下磨损量随推进距离的空间坐标变化图，为各类环境下盾构开舱换刀距离的预测提供参考。本专利能够同过控制刀具磨损合理地预测盾构的推进距离，可为盾构隧道施工方案编制过程中开仓换刀位置的主动预测与选取提供科学方法。
The invention discloses a shield driving distance prediction method based on the partition cutting performance of a shield cutter head. Based on the reliability theory combined with the idea of performance degradation, this method studies the general quantitative law of the reliability change of the cutter head tool during the cutting process, and analyzes, evaluates, designs and controls it, and can consider the tool wear history. Using the principle of probability and statistics and considering the comprehensive environment of shield driving, combined with a large number of engineering experience, a graph of the spatial coordinate change of the wear amount with the advancing distance of the shield tool system considering environmental factors is drawn, which is a useful tool for shield driving in various environments. The prediction of the tool change distance when opening the cabin provides a reference. The patent can reasonably predict the advancing distance of the shield by controlling the tool wear, and can provide a scientific method for the active prediction and selection of the position of the opening and the tool change during the preparation of the shield tunnel construction plan.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a shield propulsion distance prediction method based on shield cutterhead cutter partition cutting performance, which is particularly suitable for sandy strata with larger cutter abrasion loss.
Background
The shield construction method is one of important construction methods for soft soil stratum tunnel excavation, and is generally applied to subway construction in various cities at home and abroad. Because the understanding of the relative relation between the propulsion distance and the cutter abrasion in the propulsion process of the earth pressure balance shield is not thorough enough, the arrangement of the tool changing distance for opening the cabin is not reasonable enough, and the phenomenon that the cutter is seriously abraded due to the overlong tool changing distance and the propulsion efficiency is reduced suddenly occurs.
The theoretical research and the engineering practice of the current shield cutter head cutter wear basically take the cutter wear value feedback measured by opening a cabin for a plurality of times as a core, and establish a model of the cutter wear amount changing along with the propelling distance by a series of statistical data processing and calculation and referring to the engineering experience. However, the environmental conditions of shield excavation are very different, and the shield cutterhead is a complex nonlinear stress structure with randomness, so that the shield excavation method is usually distorted by adopting a linear statistical theory in a general sense. Meanwhile, the existing tool wear prediction model usually focuses on the wear amount of the tool and seldom cares about the propulsion environment of the shield, so that the universality of the prediction model is greatly reduced. In addition, a plurality of existing models predict the abrasion loss of a single cutter, but the cutter head is an aggregate of a plurality of cutters, the propelling capacity of the cutter head is not determined by the abrasion condition of the single cutter, and the abrasion loss of each cutter on the cutter head is considered uniformly to comprehensively evaluate the abrasion of the cutters of the cutter head and the cutting capacity of the cutter head. At present, various shield cutter systems are generally provided with cutter wear detection cutters to evaluate the cutting performance of a cutter head, but only passive cutter changing can be realized through detection cutter data, the condition of the cutter wear of a stratum where a shield is located cannot be evaluated in advance before the shield is tunneled, the prediction of an active cutter changing point cannot be realized, and in addition, the integral wear condition of the cutter head and cutter system cannot be reflected due to the limited number of the detection cutters. Based on the above discussion, the existing cutter wear prediction model has more short plates, and the shield propulsion distance prediction method which combines the propulsion environment and considers the reliability of the cutter head and cutter system has certain advantages in reasonably predicting the cutter changing distance.
The method reasonably introduces a reliability theory into failure prediction of the mechanical electronic system, has certain innovativeness, considers the problem of wear of a shield cutter, does not specially apply the reliability theory to wear prediction of a shield cutter head, and has a plurality of theoretical short plates with incomplete model definition and incomplete prediction hypothesis in the special wear prediction problem although the theory is reasonable. And the research does not make relevant discussion about the operation environment of the original to be considered, and environmental factors are not taken into consideration in observation quantity degradation observation analysis, so that the application range of the final result is too narrow.
The tube generation technology (railway construction technology, 2017 (09): 1-5) applies the reliability theory to the analysis of the cutter abrasion conditions of different propulsion distances, calculates the variation function of the cutter reliability along with the shield propulsion distance, and finally predicts the propulsion distance of the shield under the stipulated cutter reliability. The article reasonably utilizes a powerful statistical tool of Weibull distribution, and well combines the cutter wear amount and shield propulsion distance prediction with a reliability theory. However, the research is not reasonable for the partition of a cutter head cutter, the research equally divides the cutter head into 12 areas along the circumferential direction, the average value of the abrasion loss of a plurality of positions in each area is taken as the representative value of the average value of the research area, however, the cutting mileage of different positions of the cutter head at the same propelling distance of the shield is different due to different radial positions of the positions on the cutter head from the center of the cutter head, the generated abrasion loss is naturally different, and the abrasion of the areas at different radial positions on the cutter head can be called 'different types of abrasion' and cannot be simply averaged. Meanwhile, in the process of predicting the shield propelling distance by using the reliability theory, environmental factors such as stratum abrasiveness and the like are not considered, so that the research result is derailed from the engineering field, and the application universality and universality are reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The present application is directed to solving at least one of the problems in the prior art. Therefore, one of the purposes of the invention is to provide a shield propulsion distance prediction method for shield cutter head cutter partition cutting performance, which has simple process, clear logic and high practicability.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a shield propulsion distance prediction method based on shield cutter head cutter partition cutting performance comprises the following steps
Step S1: considering the environment of shield propulsion in a research interval, and determining an environment evaluation value;
step S2: counting the cutter abrasion conditions of the shield cutter in different propelling mileage under the research interval environment, and considering that the abrasion loss of the cutter system at each time accords with normal distribution (formula 1) and the cutter system failure accords with Weibull distribution (formula 2);
wherein: j denotes different zones of the cutter head, i denotes different tools in the same zone, zijFor the amount of wear, mu, of a tool in a zone at a certain advance distancejIs the average value, σ, of the tool wear at a particular cutter head region at that distancejVariance of tool wear in the region;
wherein: x is the propelling distance of the shield, and beta and lambda are two characteristic parameters;
step S3: dividing the shield cutter head into concentric circle zones in the radial direction, classifying the cutters with approximate cutting lengths into the same zone (generally divided into 5 zones), and dynamically fine-tuning the positions of the cutters;
step S4: researching a certain specific concentric circle partition on a cutter disc, counting the abrasion loss of a cutter system in the partition between two adjacent cutter changing processes, and calculating the mean value and the variance of the abrasion loss of each cutter in the partition;
wherein:
is the variance of the amount of tool wear in this region,
is the average value of the wear of the tool in this region, zijThe abrasion loss of a certain cutter in the area, and m is the number of cutters in the area;
step S5: selecting a cutter failure threshold value d (generally d is 20mm) according to related engineering experience, and calculating the reliability R of the shield cutter head in different propelling distances of a selected research region in a normal distribution function;
wherein: z is a radical ofijThe abrasion loss of a certain cutter in a certain partition on the lower cutter head in a certain propelling distance;
step S6: according to the reliability values of the cutting performance of the cutter system under different propelling distances, which are obtained by calculation in the step S5, a calculation formula of the reliability of the cutting performance of the cutter changing along with the propelling distance can be solved by a mathematical method;
wherein: x is the propelling distance of the shield, and lambda and beta are two characteristic parameters in a formula that the cutting performance reliability of the cutter system to be solved changes along with the propelling distance;
step S7: solving a formula of the cutting performance reliability of cutter systems of other partitions of the cutter head along with the variation of the advancing distance, and finally obtaining a function curve group representing the variation of the reliability of different cutters of different partitions of the same cutter head under a certain environment;
wherein: j represents different partitions on the cutter head;
step S8: drawing a plane rectangular coordinate system considering the propelling distance and the cutting performance reliability of a cutter system, and drawing a reliability function curve of each partition of the cutter head into the coordinate system;
step S9: collecting tool wear data of different construction site sites, carrying out environment assessment on each site, solving tool system wear reliability function groups under various environment assessment values according to the steps from S1 to S8, drawing the function groups into a space rectangular coordinate system, and connecting the function groups into a plane to obtain a curved surface group;
step S10: and calculating the environment evaluation value of a certain site, corresponding to a corresponding curve group in the curve group drawn in the step S9, and solving a corresponding allowable shield propelling distance in the corresponding curve group according to the reliability requirement of the actual engineering cutter system.
Further, in step S1, the shield propulsion environment evaluation value S is calculated by using the following formula;
S＝0.8Sr+0.2Sp (8)
wherein: sr is an estimated formation abrasive environment value, SpAnd evaluating the quality environment of the shield driver.
Further, the formation abrasiveness environment evaluation value SrBy rock abrasiveness index RAITo determine, the rock abrasiveness index RAI is calculated as follows:
wherein: UCS is rock unconfined uniaxial compressive strength AiFor a specific mineral content, SiIs the rochwal abrasive hardness of the mineral.
Furthermore, in the discussion of the formation hardness in step S1, a study interval shield may be encountered to span multiple formations with different hardnesses, and in this case, the hardness of each penetrated formation is individually scored, and then the scores of the formations are weighted and summed according to the length of each penetrated formation, so as to calculate a comprehensive score of the formation abrasiveness;
further, in step S4, the wear amount of the tool system is determined by counting a plurality of times as follows: firstly, determining the wear value of each cutter on a cutter head after cutter changing in the last measurement, and then obtaining the cutter wear amount caused by shield excavation between the two measurements by making a difference according to the wear value of each cutter obtained in the current measurement.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the technical advantages that:
advantage (1): the reliability theory is adopted to research the abrasion of the cutter, and the probability statistical model taking the reliability theory as a support is utilized to comprehensively consider the abrasion condition of the whole cutter, so that the prediction result is more comprehensive and reliable.
Advantage (2): the cutter head is subjected to radial partitioning, cutters with different cutting mileage are subjected to classification research, and the phenomenon that a reliability function curve is excessively distorted due to confusion research of 'different types of abrasion' is avoided.
Advantage (3): the environment factors of the propelling of the shield cutter head are considered in the process of researching the abrasion of the cutter, so that the research result has universality and practicability.
Advantage (4): in the application process of the method, a collection and accumulation process of tool wear conditions of different engineering sites exists, and finally, a reference curved surface group providing reference for the prediction of the active tool changing distance of various engineering in different environments can be drawn.
Advantage (5): compared with the prior art, the method can consider the wear history of the cutter in the process of predicting the propelling distance, can consider the wear condition of the cutter head cutter before the shield starts propelling, calculates the reliability of the cutter head cutter before propelling, and solves the corresponding propelling distance on the corresponding reliability curve.
Advantage (6): the allowable propelling distance of each interval can be dynamically predicted according to the initial wear state of the shield cutterhead in different intervals and the change of the corresponding propelling environment, and the updating and the adjustment of the allowable propelling distance of different intervals are realized.
In conclusion, the shield propulsion distance prediction method aiming at controlling the abrasion of the shield cutter head cutter provided by the invention has a clear and reliable implementation process, and due to the reliability of the selection of the research model, the authenticity of the research means and the completeness of the consideration of the influence factors, the method has the advantages of quantitative, clear, simple and practical flow, low cost and strong usability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a sectioned schematic view of a shield cutter system;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the function of the reliability of each section of the cutter head with the variation of the advancing distance under a certain environmental evaluation value;
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the reliability of each partition derived from the advance distance according to a known engineering environment evaluation value.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to specific embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, a method for predicting shield thrust distance based on shield cutter head cutter partition cutting performance includes the following steps:
step (1): various environmental factors of shield propulsion are discussed first, including: the two indexes of stratum abrasiveness and human factors are scored, weights are respectively distributed according to the indexes to the size of the influence of the cutter abrasion, the scores are accumulated, and finally an environment evaluation value S considering the environment factors of shield propulsion is calculated, which is detailed below:
a. abrasiveness of formation
The abrasiveness of the stratum to the cutterhead is characterized by using a Rock Abrasiveness Index (RAI) proposed by pliniger in 2002, the index considers two factors of unconfined Uniaxial Compressive Strength (UCS) and Equivalent Quartz Content (EQC) of the stratum rock mass, and the index is calculated by adopting a formula (1):
wherein: UCS is rock unconfined uniaxial compressive strength (MPa), AiFor a specific mineral content (%), SiRocheval grinding hardness as mineral (see table 1, rocheval grinding hardness is relative value with quartz as 100);
determining an environmental assessment S under the influence of formation abrasiveness conditions from a rock abrasiveness index RAIrSee table 2.
TABLE 1S of several basic mineralsiValue comparison table
TABLE 2 abrasion index grading chart for different rocks of stratum
b. Human factor
The professional quality of a shield driver as an operator of the shield has great influence on the abrasion of the cutter head, and the working age of the shield driver can represent the proficiency of the shield driver in operating the shield to a certain extent (reasonable setting of propulsion parameters, selection of muck improvement parameters, emergency of emergency and the like). The quality of the shield driver can be divided into several categories shown in Table 3 according to the working age of the shield, and the corresponding environmental score SpAre listed in the table;
TABLE 3 Shield driver quality environment scoring table
Based on the two main environmental factors affecting the wear of the shield cutter system, the weight ratio of the influence of the environmental indexes on the cutter wear is considered as the formation abrasiveness: if the human factor is 8:2, calculating the final shield propulsion environment evaluation value S by adopting a formula (4);
S＝0.8Sr+0.2Sp (2)
description of the drawings: the environmental evaluation value S ∈ [0,5], wherein a higher score indicates a more serious influence of the environmental factor on the wear.
Step (2): and counting the cutter abrasion loss of the shield cutter in different propulsion mileage for at least 5 times aiming at a certain specific environment evaluation value S condition. Considering the distribution of the wear loss of the cutter system counted each time to be in accordance with normal distribution, wherein a density function is shown in a formula (3); considering that the tool failure distribution accords with Weibull distribution for each statistical tool system failure condition, wherein the density function of the tool failure distribution is shown in a formula (4);
wherein: j denotes different zones of the cutter head, i denotes different tools in the same zone, zijFor the amount of wear, mu, of a tool in a zone at a certain advance distancejIs the average value, σ, of the tool wear at a particular cutter head region at that distancejVariance of tool wear in the region;
wherein: x is the propelling distance of the shield, and beta and lambda are two characteristic parameters;
and (3): because the cutting mileage of the cutters on the same radial distance of the cutter head is the same, the cutter head is divided into 5 concentric circle zones from inside to outside according to the radial direction. Because the structure of the cutter head full-section cutting needs, cutters on the cutter head are not arranged according to strict concentric circles, but are arranged in an Archimedes spiral manner, the arrangement positions of the cutters on the cutter head are finely adjusted when the cutter head is partitioned, and the cutters with similar radial distances are ensured to fall into the same concentric circle region, as shown in figure 1;
and (4): researching a certain concentric circle partition on a cutter head, taking the wear data of the cutter head under the advancing distance between certain two times of tool wear statistics, calculating the average value of the wear of each tool in the partition, and calculating the variance of the wear, wherein the average value is shown in formula (5) and the variance is shown in formula (6);
wherein:
is the variance of the amount of tool wear in this region,
is the average value of the wear of the tool in this region, zijThe abrasion loss of a certain cutter in the area, and m is the number of cutters in the area;
and (5): selecting a cutter failure threshold value d (generally d is 20mm) according to related engineering experience, substituting calculation results of the formula (5) and the formula (6) into the formula (3), and calculating the reliability R of the shield cutter head in each propelling distance of a research region selected by the shield cutter head by using the formula (7);
and (6): solving the reliability R under each propelling distance x in the research area according to the step (5), and solving the reliability of the cutter to calculate the characteristic parameters lambda and beta in the formula (8);
and (7): because the formula (8) is a bi-exponential function, in order to solve the characteristic parameters lambda and beta, the formula (8) is subjected to twice natural logarithms to obtain a formula (9), and a variable and parameter substitution method is adopted to convert the formula (8) into a linear function;
ln(-ln(R))＝βlnx-βlnλ (9)
let yi＝ln(-ln(R))，xiLnx, a ═ β, b ═ β ln λ, then equation (9) transforms to equation (10):
yi＝axi+b (i＝1,2,3,4,5) (10)
using least square method to replace variable xi、yiPerforming scatter point fitting (at least 5 times of tool wear is measured, so that at least 5 points are obtained in total), such as formula (11) and formula (12);
wherein: i are the different tools in the study zone, xi、yiThe transformation variables of different propulsion mileage through linear transformation, a and b are undetermined parameters of the transformed linear function,
is xi、yiCorresponding to the average value of each propulsion mileage; then the value of β is equal to a,
calculating a formula (8) for the complete cutting performance reliability of the cutter system;
and (8): repeating the steps (2) to (7) to calculate the cutting performance reliability calculation formulas of the cutter systems in other subareas of the cutter head in the same way, wherein the cutter head is provided with 5 subareas, so that 5 reliability calculation formulas can be finally obtained, such as a formula (13);
and (9): using shield propulsion mileage x as x axis and cutter reliability R of each subarea of cutter headjDrawing a plane rectangular coordinate system for the y axis, drawing a formula (13) into a space rectangular coordinate system to obtain a cutting performance reliability function image of the cutter system under the environment evaluation value, and respectively obtaining cutting performance reliability function curves of the cutter system in 5 cutter head partitions, as shown in an attached figure 2;
and (10) collecting tool wear data of different construction site sites, carrying out environment assessment on each site, solving tool wear reliability function groups under various environment assessment values according to the steps (1) to (9), and taking the propelling distance of the shield, the reliability of a tool system and the environment assessment value of the propelling of the shield as three axes of a space rectangular coordinate system. And drawing the obtained multiple function groups into a space coordinate system, and smoothly connecting function curves of the same cutter head partition in the space rectangular coordinate system under different environment evaluation values into curved surfaces to obtain a curved surface group containing 5 three-dimensional curved surfaces, wherein the curved surface group is a reference curved surface group with the cutter reliability varying with the propelling distance under different environment evaluation values.
Step (11) can calculate the environment evaluation value S for a specific project, correspondingly find out the tool system wear reliability function curve group under the environment evaluation value in the three-dimensional space coordinate system in step (10), set the tool system wear reliability value of each partition on the cutter head according to the actual needs of the project, and find out the corresponding propulsion distance in the coordinate system by integrating the tool system wear reliability values of 5 curves, namely the maximum shield propulsion distance value considering the tool system reliability, namely the recommended tool changing distance calculated according to the method.
The calculation steps of the shield propelling distance prediction method based on the shield cutter head cutter partition cutting performance need to be explained as follows:
description (1): in the discussion of the formation hardness in the step (1), the research interval shield possibly spans a plurality of formations with different hardnesses, and in the face of the situation, the hardness of each crossed formation is scored independently, then the scores of the formations are weighted and summed according to the length of each crossed formation, and the comprehensive score of the formation abrasiveness is calculated;
description (2): for multiple times of statistics of the wear loss of the cutter system in the step (2), the wear loss is determined as follows: firstly, determining the wear value of each cutter on a cutter head after cutter changing in the last measurement, and then obtaining the cutter wear amount (i.e. degeneration amount, which is in accordance with normal distribution) caused by shield excavation between the two measurements by making a difference according to the wear value of each cutter obtained in the current measurement. For example: the cutter abrasion loss of the No. 27 cutter on a certain cutter head is 9mm when the cabin is opened for the first time, the abrasion loss of the No. 27 cutter is 15mm when the cabin is opened for the second time, and the cutter abrasion loss in the research interval is 6 mm;
compared with the prior art, the shield propulsion distance prediction method based on the shield cutterhead cutter partition cutting performance has the technical advantages that:
advantage (1): the reliability theory is adopted to research the abrasion of the cutter, and the probability statistical model taking the reliability theory as a support is utilized to comprehensively consider the abrasion condition of the whole cutter, so that the prediction result is more comprehensive and reliable.
Advantage (2): the cutter head is subjected to radial partitioning, cutters with different cutting mileage are subjected to classification research, and the phenomenon that a reliability function curve is excessively distorted due to confusion research of 'different types of abrasion' is avoided.
Advantage (3): the environment factors of the propelling of the shield cutter head are considered in the process of researching the abrasion of the cutter, so that the research result has universality and practicability.
Advantage (4): in the application process of the method, a collection and accumulation process of tool wear conditions of different engineering sites exists, and finally, a reference curved surface group providing reference for the prediction of the active tool changing distance of various engineering in different environments can be drawn.
Advantage (5): compared with the prior art, the method can consider the wear history of the cutter in the process of predicting the propelling distance, can consider the wear condition of the cutter head cutter before the shield starts propelling, calculate the reliability of the cutter head cutter before the shield starts propelling, and solve the corresponding propelling distance on the corresponding reliability curve, namely predict the propelling distance under the reliability of a certain cutter according to the formula (15):
l＝l′-l″ (15)
wherein: l is a predicted advancing distance considering the tool wear history, l 'is an advancing distance corresponding to the tool reliability in the initial state, and l' is an advancing distance corresponding to a certain reliability of the tool in the advancing process;
advantage (6): the allowable propelling distance of each interval can be dynamically predicted according to the initial wear state of the shield cutterhead in different intervals and the change of the corresponding propelling environment, and the updating and the adjustment of the allowable propelling distance of different intervals are realized.
In conclusion, the shield propulsion distance prediction method aiming at controlling the abrasion of the shield cutter head cutter provided by the invention has a clear and reliable implementation process, and due to the reliability of the selection of the research model, the authenticity of the research means and the completeness of the consideration of the influence factors, the method has the advantages of quantitative, clear, simple and practical flow, low cost and strong usability.
The above examples are merely illustrative for clearly illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. Nor is it intended to be exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications of the invention may be made without departing from the scope of the invention.
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| CN114608430B (en) * | 2022-03-18 | 2024-01-19 | 中铁十四局集团大盾构工程有限公司 | Real-time detection experiment table and system for cutter abrasion of shield tunneling machine based on Hall sensor |
| CN114780906B (en) * | 2022-06-21 | 2022-09-06 | 北京城建集团有限责任公司 | Shield tool changing distance measuring and calculating method |
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| JP6238432B2 (en) * | 2013-07-22 | 2017-11-29 | 株式会社奥村組 | Cutter board of shield machine and shield machine equipped with the same |
| CN107145634B (en) * | 2017-04-09 | 2020-06-16 | 北京工业大学 | A multi-state dynamic reliability evaluation method for shield cutter head and drive system |
| CN107180016B (en) * | 2017-05-23 | 2018-08-24 | 南京工业大学 | Hierarchical summation method for predicting hob abrasion loss by using abrasion specific loss index |
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