CN110298107A - A kind of working face shock hazard evaluation method based on increment superposition - Google Patents
A kind of working face shock hazard evaluation method based on increment superposition Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of working face shock hazard evaluation methods based on increment superposition, comprising steps of determine working face to be evaluated, from the Dominated Factors of static force source, dynamic load power source, stress transfer condition and coal body attribute four levels investigation, the coverage of estimation of stress increment and degree, selection increment stacked system, calculate limit stress, the rock burst fatalness area divides, classification monitoring and prevention and treatment.The present invention is based on " quaternity " of static force source, dynamic load power source, stress transfer condition and coal body attribute analyses, it can be achieved to divide the quantitatively evaluating of getting working face stress field and the Grading And Zoning of the rock burst fatalness area, the bump mine more perfect suitable for geologic information, monitoring data.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of working face shock hazard evaluation method based on increment superposition, it is suitable for that there is impact ground
Dangerous coal mine excavation working face is pressed, for instructing the erosion control of coal mine excavation working face to work.
Background technique
Bump is a kind of typical coal mine dynamic disaster.The shock hazard evaluation of getting working face is mine erosion control
The key points and difficulties of work, China pay much attention to the shock hazard appraisal of getting working face, " prevention and treatment coal mine rock burst
Detailed rules and regulations " in Article 14 to Article 17, Article 21, Article 25, the 37th article, the 68th article, the 60th
The shock hazard that nine equal implementation all refer to getting working face is evaluated, but specifically mentioned evaluation method is only in " detailed rules and regulations "
There is composite index law a kind of, it is seen that it is still immature for the shock hazard evaluation method of getting working face, especially it is being directed to work
The Grading And Zoning for making face the rock burst fatalness area divides aspect, finds during actual evaluation, and many evaluation methods are in use still
There are precision, and poor, reasonability is affected by human factors biggish limitation, cannot achieve getting working face the rock burst fatalness area
Classifying rationally, can substantially be divided into two classes:
1. one kind is the rock burst fatalness area division methods based on quantification statistics, such method is confined to danger of burst master
The mathematical statistics of control factor and the macroscopic view of area of space divide, but for work caused by a certain Dominated Factors and the factor
Make face stress raisers and lack quantitative research, has little significance to the erosion control job guide of working face.
2. the problem of another kind of is the sxemiquantitative partitioning based on multifactor superposition, and this method is primarily present has: (1) being formed
Time is more early, and the selection of evaluation index is based primarily upon traditional bump in deep part mine such as Shandong, Henan, in some newly-built impacts
Evaluation result does not conform to the actual conditions in ground pressure mine；(2) influence degree of Dominated Factors and range are not based on this actual condition of mines
Quantified, and does not consider the stacked system of different mine stress increments and the reasonability of discriminant criterion.
The shock hazard evaluation of getting working face is to carry out working face monitoring and warning system, prevention and treatment solution danger scheme, prevention and treatment
The basic document of the designs such as management system, digging speed, production capacity, has only determined the impact of getting working face different zones
Danger classes is pressed on ground, just can be carried out the source control of danger of burst, and subregion is administered.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of that present invention to provide a kind of working face shock hazard evaluation method based on increment superposition, this method bases
It is analyzed in " quaternity " of static force source, dynamic load power source, stress transfer condition and coal body attribute, proposes commenting for increment superposition
Valence method is suitable for, it can be achieved that the Grading And Zoning of quantitatively evaluating and the rock burst fatalness area to getting working face stress field divides
The more perfect bump mine of geologic information, monitoring data.
The present invention adopts the following technical scheme that realize:
A kind of working face shock hazard evaluation method based on increment superposition, comprising the following steps:
Step 1: determining working face to be evaluated；
Step 2: respectively from static force source, dynamic load power source, stress transfer condition and coal body attribute four levels, to working face
Danger of burst Dominated Factors are checked, and determine that the sound of working face danger of burst carries Dominated Factors, the dynamic static force that need to be checked
Source condition includes: self-weight stress field, tectonic stress field, increment of load stress field and mining stress field；The stress transfer condition that need to be checked
For roof strata structure, coal body attribute aspect then determines the uniaxial compressive strength and Burst Tendency in working face coal seam to be evaluated；
Static load Dominated Factors, dynamic load Dominated Factors, stress transfer condition and the coal body attribute of working face are determined according to investigation result；
Step 3: determining that the sound of this working face carries Dominated Factors number n；
Step 4: semidefinite accamalating quantity working face sound carries the stress increment that Dominated Factors generate and influences section
Using stress increment σijWorking face stress field of the surrounding rock is described, physical significance is induce bump the
Stress increment within the scope of working face jth section caused by i kind Dominated Factors, wherein i=1,2 ... n, j=1,2 ... m；
Stress increment is carried to working face sound by the way of theoretical calculation, numerical simulation and engineering experience and carries out sxemiquantitative
Change estimation, determines the actual influence range and influence degree of i-th kind of Dominated Factors, and in the coverage of each Dominated Factors
It is interior, according to the difference of its influence degree, it is divided into k different influence ranks, 1≤k≤4；
And so on, the Dominated Factors different on n kind carry out influencing section respectively and influence degree divides, and highest can divide
4n different influence sections；
Step 5: according to working face stress transfer condition, selecting stress increment stacked system, calculate the factor of stress concentration；
Stress increment is carried to the sound that obtains of estimation and carries out coupling superposition, and calculates answering for working face difference section after superposition
Power coefficient of concentration λij；
Wherein, using linear and non-linear two different increment stacked systems；The load change rate of linear superposition mode
Do not change with the variation of increment number, and the load change rate of Nonlinear Superposition increases with the increase of increment number；Two kinds
Shown in the calculation formula of the factor of stress concentration of stacked system such as formula (1):
In formula, σ0For the stress of primary rock of working face, σijIndicate that the i-th section of roadway workface is answered by what jth kind factor was influenced
Power increment, λiIndicate the supercoated stress coefficient of concentration of the i-th section of working face；
Based on roof strata thickness characteristics parameter value LstThe stacked system of increment is selected, LstCalculation adopt
Have regulation in " prevention and treatment coal mine rock burst detailed rules and regulations " (2018 ﹞ of coal safety supervision Ji Zhuan ﹝):
If 0≤Lst≤ 70, then stress increment is calculated by the way of linear superposition；
If 70 < Lst≤ 100, then stress increment is calculated by the way of Nonlinear Superposition；
Step 6: according to working face coal body attribute, determining the primary stress coefficient of concentration value λ that working face impact occursminAnd
Impact the limit stress coefficient of concentration value λ occurredmax；
Step 7: to [λmin, λmax] section be normalized, and divide without, it is weak, neutralize strong four danger of burst
Grade determines corresponding λiValue range；
In order to make [λmin, λmax] factor of stress concentration value in section is mapped between [0-1], to obtained in step 5
Supercoated stress coefficient of concentration λiIt is normalized, transfer function is as follows:
In formula, X* is to be worth after normalizing, λiIndicate the supercoated stress coefficient of concentration of the i-th section of working face, λminAnd λmaxPoint
Not Wei working face impact occur primary stress coefficient of concentration and limit stress coefficient of concentration；
According to equipartition principle, enable respectively X* take (- ∞, 0), [0,1/3), [1/3,2/3) and [2/3 ,+∞), taken according to X*
It is worth the difference of range, working face danger of burst degree is divided into four nothing, weak, medium, strong grades, determines corresponding λiValue
Range is as follows:
In formula: λiIndicate the supercoated stress coefficient of concentration of the i-th section of working face, λminAnd λmaxRespectively working face impact hair
Raw primary stress coefficient of concentration and limit stress coefficient of concentration；
Step 8: the λ of working face is drawn according to increment stack resultiCurve and four nothing, weak, medium, strong judgement lines；
Step 9: drawing working face the rock burst fatalness area Grading And Zoning and divide figure；
Step 10: the monitoring of working face subregion and prevention and treatment；
According to the rock burst fatalness area division result of step 9, according to the original of " region is leading, and part is followed up, and subregion is administered "
Then carry out working face Controlling of Coal Outburst work.
A further improvement of the present invention lies in that the concrete methods of realizing of step 4) is as follows:
Step 4-1: determine that working face sound to be evaluated carries Dominated Factors according to table 2；
Step 4-2: calculate what each Dominated Factors generated item by item by the way of theoretical calculation, numerical simulation and engineering experience
Stress increment coverage, for the global impacts factor such as coal seam buried depth, coverage is entire working face；
Step 4-3: according to the difference of influence degree, by the way of theoretical calculation, numerical simulation and engineering experience item by item
Each Dominated Factors are divided into k different influence ranks, different influence ranks has different stress increments；
Step 4-4: by each stress increment coverage label in coal face evaluation figure, the region weight of coverage overlapping
Point label；
Step 4-5: according to the difference for influencing rank, the stress increment of each section, coverage overlapping region mark are marked
Multiple stress increments are overlapped so as to subsequent.
A further improvement of the present invention lies in that the concrete methods of realizing of step 6) is as follows:
Step 6-1: the Burst Tendency and uniaxial compressive strength in working face coal seam to be evaluated are determined；
Step 6-2: according to the difference of coal body Burst Tendency to be evaluated, the primary stress collection that working face impact occurs is determined
Middle coefficient value λmin, λminValue table it is as shown in table 1；
Step 6-3: according to the difference of coal body Burst Tendency to be evaluated, the limit stress collection that working face impact occurs is determined
Middle coefficient value λmax, λmaxValue table it is as shown in table 1；
1 λ of tableminAnd λmaxValue table
In table 1, σZFor the uniaxial compressive strength in coal seam, σ0It is calculated using following formula:
σ0=γ H (4)
In formula: γ is working face overlying rock bulk density, and H is mining depth.
The present invention has following beneficial technical effect:
1, the present invention is respectively from static force source, dynamic load power source, stress transfer condition and coal body attribute four levels, to be evaluated
Valence working face danger of burst Dominated Factors have carried out quantitative research, influence degree, range, stacked system and the differentiation of stress increment
The actual conditions that index is based on this mine are quantified, and evaluation result is more objective reasonable with respect to conventional method.
2, the present invention is according to the difference of roof strata thickness characteristics parameter value, provides and increases under the conditions of different stress transfers
The coupling stacked system of amount provides different danger of burst discriminant criterions according to the difference of coal body Burst Tendency to be evaluated,
Method applicability compared to the single stacked system of tradition and evaluation index is stronger.
3, the stress increment that the present invention generates single influence factor, can be used theoretical calculation, numerical simulation and scene
The methods of actual measurement carries out semidefinite accamalating quantity, evaluation method has selectivity, may be selected the most identical with on-site actual situations
Method is calculated, and evaluation result is more bonded scene with respect to conventional method.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that the sound of investigation is needed to carry Dominated Factors figure in step 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the process schematic illustration of the method for the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the step 4 interrupting layer numerical model figure of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the stress variation figure of fault plane when working face extraction is close to tomography in the step 4 of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the stress envelope of working face under different coal pillar widths in the step 4 of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the stress distribution cloud atlas that T-shape intersects tunnel in the step 4 of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is the stress distribution cloud atlas that " X " type intersects tunnel in the step 4 of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is the distribution curve of stress that T-shape and " X " type intersect tunnel in the step 4 of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is the laneway stress curve of working face in the step 8 of the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Invention is further described in detail by way of example and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
As shown in Fig. 2, a kind of working face shock hazard evaluation method based on increment superposition provided by the invention, including
Following steps:
Step 1: determining that working face to be evaluated is certain 31103 stope of mine；
Step 2: respectively from static force source, dynamic load power source, stress transfer condition, coal body attribute four levels, to 31103 works
Make face danger of burst Dominated Factors to be checked, the results are shown in Table 2 for investigation；
2 31103 working face danger of burst Dominated Factors of table check result
Step 3: determining that the sound of this working face carries Dominated Factors number is 10, and respectively mining depth, 25m is disconnected greatly
Layer, 1m craven fault, open-off cut and stopping, which adopts the outer wrong, goaf of line, to be influenced, faces dead zone coal column, tunnel intersection, first weighting, " square "
Fracture, the shake of far field mine.
Step 4: carrying out sound and carry Dominated Factors semidefinite accamalating quantity, item by item divided each Dominated Factors according to estimation result
For a different influence rank of k (1≤k≤4), different influence ranks has different stress increments, finally obtains each master control
The stress increment classification of factor divides as shown in table 3.
According to table 3 as a result, by each stress increment coverage label in coal face evaluation figure, the area of coverage overlapping
Domain needs emphasis to mark；According to the difference for influencing rank, the stress increment of each section is marked, coverage overlapping region need to mark more
A stress increment is overlapped so as to subsequent.
The stress increment classification of each Dominated Factors of table 3 divides table
Some effects factor influence degree and coverage determination process illustrated below.
One, the influence of fault tectonic
Fault tectonic can cause working face local stress to increase, and generate stress increment, caused stress increment and influence
For degree mainly by the distance controlling with tomography, the method that numerical simulation can be used estimates stress increment caused by it.
Flac is carried out according to the comprehensive log sheet of 31103 working faces and the surveyed rock stratum physical and mechanical parameter of working face3DIt builds
Mould simulates the stress distribution situation of working face under the conditions of different drops respectively.31103 fault throws of working face 5 are respectively
25m, 0.5m, 0.8m, 1m and 1m, therefore choose two representative conditions of 25m drop and 1m drop respectively and modeled, numerical model is such as
Shown in Fig. 3.Under the conditions of 25m and 1m fault throw, stress changing curve such as Fig. 4 institute of fault plane when working face extraction is close to tomography
Show.
Analysis can obtain: for drop be 25m major fault, coverage be tomography before and after 100m, with working face with
Distance is decreased to 50m between tomography, and fault plane vertical stress obviously increases.When working face and tomography distance are less than 30m, work
Square stress steeply rises in front, when within the scope of the advance of the face is to away from tomography 10m, the stress increment of fault plane generation
Reach as high as σ0.The tomography for being accordingly 25m by drop, according to the difference of working face and tomography distance, be divided into 0~10m, 10~
30m, 30~50m and tetra- sections 50~100m, each section correspond to the maximum stress increment generated in section, and division result is such as
Shown in table 3.
Similarly, the craven fault for being 1m for drop, coverage are 30m before and after tomography, and coverage is shorter, generation
Stress increment is not high, therefore a section will be integrally divided within the scope of 30m before and after tomography, and generated stress increment presses maximum value
It is calculated.
Two, the influence of coal pillar width
The integrated stress that coal pillar width can cause work to face sky side tunnel increases, and generates stress increment, numerical value can be used
The method of simulation estimates stress increment caused by it.Flac is carried out according to 31103 working face physical conditions3DModeling, point
The stress distribution situation of working face under different coal pillar widths is not simulated.Analog result is as shown in Figure 5.
Analysis can obtain: when coal pillar width takes 10~30m, stress increment highest is generated in coal column；30~50m coal column
It, third, when coal pillar width is less than 5m or is greater than 50m, produced stress increment is minimum for 5~10m coal column；Accordingly according to coal column
The difference of width is divided into four sections, and section internal stress increment is according to numerical simulation result value, division result such as table 3
It is shown.
Three, the influence that tunnel intersects
The cross modal in tunnel has T-shape and " X " type to intersect two kinds in 31103 working faces.Respectively excavation simulation T-shape and
" X " type intersects tunnel, and roadway excavation width takes 5m, and stress distribution cloud atlas is as shown in Figure 6 and Figure 7, distribution curve of stress such as Fig. 8
It is shown.It is as shown in table 3 to analyze the stress increment section divided.
Four, dynamic-load stress increment is estimated
Each key stratum of 31103 working faces is differentiated according to vital edge, in conjunction with field engineering experience and actual measurement number
According to the dynamic-load stress increment generated when being broken to each key stratum of 31103 stopes is estimated, estimation result such as 2 institute of table
Show.
4 31103 working face Judging key stratum of table and the estimation of dynamic-load stress increment
The different recovery phase of working face, the crucial position layer by layer that unstability fracture occurs are different: the working face first weighting stage,
The inferior key strata 1 (old top) being closer with coal seam is broken；It is low before and after working face first " square " and repeatedly " square "
Position inferior key strata is broken, and is surveyed according to live microseism, and vibration focuses primarily upon above coal seam within the scope of 200m, deducibility work
Fracture during making face " square " can be developed to inferior key strata 4；During working face extraction, main key stratum does not occur generally directly
Fracture, but constantly gather strength as its deflection increases, when being more than the coal rock strength limit, energy release, shape occurs
It is shaken at far field mine.First weighting, first " square ", multiple " square " and the far field mine determined therefrom that shakes the dynamic-load stress to be formed
Increment quantization value is shown in Table 3.
Step 5: according to the investigation of table 2 as a result, 31103 face roofs have thick hard sand group alternating layers, being computed to obtain Lst=
91.4, therefore the region for selecting the mode of Nonlinear Superposition to be overlapped coverage is overlapped.
Step 6: according to the investigation of table 2 as a result, 3-1 coal has thump tendentiousness, and uniaxial compressive strength=20.32
Mpa determines the primary stress coefficient of concentration value λ that working face impact occurs according to table 1min=1, impact the limit stress collection of generation
Middle coefficient value λmax=2 σz/σ0=2 × 20.32/ (0.025 × 563)=2.88.
Step 7: according to formula (3), to [λmin, λmax] factor of stress concentration value in section carries out equal part, finally by work
Face danger of burst degree is divided into four nothing, weak, medium, strong grades, the λ of different danger of burst gradesiValue range such as 5 institute of table
Show.
5 stress increment normalized of table compares index table
Step 8: the laneway stress curve curve λ of 31103 working faces is drawn according to increment stack resultiAnd nothing, it is weak,
In, strong grade determine that line is as shown in Figure 9.
Step 9: drawing working face the rock burst fatalness area Grading And Zoning and divide figure.
Step 10: the monitoring of working face subregion and prevention and treatment.
It, can for different bump danger zones after the rock burst fatalness area for carrying out getting working face divides
Different monitoring and warning systems, prevention and treatment solution danger scheme, control stategy system are designed by danger of burst grade, and is wanted according to " detailed rules and regulations "
It asks, carries out the Controlling of Coal Outburst work of working face.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of working face shock hazard evaluation method based on increment superposition, which comprises the following steps:
Step 1: determining working face to be evaluated；
Step 2: respectively from static force source, dynamic load power source, stress transfer condition and coal body attribute four levels, working face being impacted
Dangerous Dominated Factors are checked, and determine that the sound of working face danger of burst carries Dominated Factors, the dynamic static force source item that need to be checked
Part includes: self-weight stress field, tectonic stress field, increment of load stress field and mining stress field；The stress transfer condition that need to be checked is top
Plate strata structure, coal body attribute aspect then determine the uniaxial compressive strength and Burst Tendency in working face coal seam to be evaluated；According to
Investigation result determines static load Dominated Factors, dynamic load Dominated Factors, stress transfer condition and the coal body attribute of working face；
Step 3: determining that the sound of this working face carries Dominated Factors number n；
Step 4: semidefinite accamalating quantity working face sound carries the stress increment that Dominated Factors generate and influences section
Using stress increment σijWorking face stress field of the surrounding rock is described, physical significance is i-th kind for inducing bump
Stress increment within the scope of working face jth section caused by Dominated Factors, wherein i=1,2 ... n, j=1,2 ... m；
Stress increment progress semidefinite quantization is carried to working face sound by the way of theoretical calculation, numerical simulation and engineering experience to estimate
It calculates, determines the actual influence range and influence degree of i-th kind of Dominated Factors, and in the coverage of each Dominated Factors,
According to the difference of its influence degree, it is divided into k different influence ranks, 1≤k≤4；
And so on, the Dominated Factors different on n kind carry out influencing section respectively and influence degree divides, and highest can divide 4n
Different influence sections；
Step 5: according to working face stress transfer condition, selecting stress increment stacked system, calculate the factor of stress concentration；
Stress increment is carried to the sound that estimation obtains and carries out coupling superposition, and calculates the stress collection of working face difference section after superposition
Middle coefficient lambdaij；
Wherein, using linear and non-linear two different increment stacked systems；The load change rate of linear superposition mode not with
The variation of increment number and change, and the load change rate of Nonlinear Superposition increases with the increase of increment number；Two kinds of superpositions
Shown in the calculation formula of the factor of stress concentration of mode such as formula (1):
In formula, σ0For the stress of primary rock of working face, σijIndicate that the stress that the i-th section of roadway workface is influenced by jth kind factor increases
Amount, λiIndicate the supercoated stress coefficient of concentration of the i-th section of working face；
Based on roof strata thickness characteristics parameter value LstThe stacked system of increment is selected, LstCalculation using " anti-
Control coal mine rock burst detailed rules and regulations " have regulation in (2018 ﹞ of coal safety supervision Ji Zhuan ﹝):
If 0≤Lst≤ 70, then stress increment is calculated by the way of linear superposition；
If 70 < Lst≤ 100, then stress increment is calculated by the way of Nonlinear Superposition；
Step 6: according to working face coal body attribute, determining the primary stress coefficient of concentration value λ that working face impact occursminAnd impact
The limit stress coefficient of concentration value λ of generationmax；
Step 7: to [λmin, λmax] section be normalized, and divide without, it is weak, neutralize strong four danger of burst grades,
Determine corresponding λiValue range；
In order to make [λmin, λmax] factor of stress concentration value in section is mapped between [0-1], is superimposed to obtained in step 5
Factor of stress concentration λiIt is normalized, transfer function is as follows:
In formula, X* is to be worth after normalizing, λiIndicate the supercoated stress coefficient of concentration of the i-th section of working face, λminAnd λmaxRespectively work
Make primary stress coefficient of concentration and limit stress coefficient of concentration that face impact occurs；
According to equipartition principle, enable respectively X* take (- ∞, 0), [0,1/3), [1/3,2/3) and [2/3 ,+∞), according to X* value model
Working face danger of burst degree is divided into four nothing, weak, medium, strong grades, determines corresponding λ by the difference enclosediValue range
It is as follows:
In formula: λiIndicate the supercoated stress coefficient of concentration of the i-th section of working face, λminAnd λmaxRespectively working face impact occurs
Primary stress coefficient of concentration and limit stress coefficient of concentration；
Step 8: the λ of working face is drawn according to increment stack resultiCurve and four nothing, weak, medium, strong judgement lines；
Step 9: drawing working face the rock burst fatalness area Grading And Zoning and divide figure；
Step 10: the monitoring of working face subregion and prevention and treatment；
According to the rock burst fatalness area division result of step 9, according to " region is leading, and part is followed up, and subregion is administered " principle into
The work of row working face Controlling of Coal Outburst.
2. a kind of working face danger of burst evaluation method based on increment superposition according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
The concrete methods of realizing of step 4) is as follows:
Step 4-1: determine that working face sound to be evaluated carries Dominated Factors according to table 2；
Step 4-2: the stress that each Dominated Factors generate is calculated item by item by the way of theoretical calculation, numerical simulation and engineering experience
Increment coverage, for the global impacts factor such as coal seam buried depth, coverage is entire working face；
Step 4-3:, item by item will be each by the way of theoretical calculation, numerical simulation and engineering experience according to the difference of influence degree
Dominated Factors are divided into k different influence ranks, and different influence ranks has different stress increments；
Step 4-4: by each stress increment coverage label in coal face evaluation figure, the region emphasis mark of coverage overlapping
Note；
Step 4-5: according to the difference for influencing rank, the stress increment of each section is marked, coverage overlapping region mark is multiple
Stress increment is overlapped so as to subsequent.
3. a kind of working face danger of burst evaluation method based on increment superposition according to claim 2, which is characterized in that
The concrete methods of realizing of step 6) is as follows:
Step 6-1: the Burst Tendency and uniaxial compressive strength in working face coal seam to be evaluated are determined；
Step 6-2: according to the difference of coal body Burst Tendency to be evaluated, the primary stress for determining that working face impact occurs concentrates system
Numerical value λmin, λminValue table it is as shown in table 1；
Step 6-3: according to the difference of coal body Burst Tendency to be evaluated, the limit stress for determining that working face impact occurs concentrates system
Numerical value λmax, λmaxValue table it is as shown in table 1；
1 λ of tableminAnd λmaxValue table
In table 1, σZFor the uniaxial compressive strength in coal seam, σ0It is calculated using following formula:
σ0=γ H (4)
In formula: γ is working face overlying rock bulk density, and H is mining depth.
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