CN1091167C - High-Cr cast steel grate and its manufacture method - Google Patents
High-Cr cast steel grate and its manufacture method Download PDFInfo
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- CN1091167C CN1091167C CN00123693A CN00123693A CN1091167C CN 1091167 C CN1091167 C CN 1091167C CN 00123693 A CN00123693 A CN 00123693A CN 00123693 A CN00123693 A CN 00123693A CN 1091167 C CN1091167 C CN 1091167C
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a high-chromium cast steel grate bar and a manufacturing method thereof. The grate bar has the chemical components (wt%) of 1.0 to 2.2% of C, 22.0 to 30.0% of Cr, 3.0 to 7.0% of Al, 1.0 to 2.5% of Si, 0.5 to 1.0% of Mn, 0.2 to 0.8% of Ni, 0.005 to 0.04% of B, 0.04 to 0.10% of Zr, 0.08 to 0.25% of Y, 0.02 to 0.08% of K, less than 0.04 of S, more than 0.04 of P, and Fe as the rest. Compared with the prior art, while the cost of the high-chromium cast steel grate bar of the present invention is controlled, the oxidation resistance and the wear resistance of the grate bar is greatly improved, the service life is long, and the production cost of sintered ore can be reduced.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of cast steel with high chromium grid section and manufacture method thereof, belong to high chromium refractory alloy cast steel and castmethod thereof.
Grid section is the major parts on the sintering pallet, and working temperature is under the high-temperature oxidation environment up to 800～950 ℃, and grid section is in and contains CO, CO simultaneously
2, SO
2In the gaseous media of water vapor, be subjected to the corrosive nature of gas, grid section also will bear the bump and the frictional wear effect of agglomerate, and its Working environment is very abominable.Silicon heat-resisting ductile iron grid section and High-Chromium Cast-Iron Grate Bars during China mainly uses at present, the former oxidation-resistance is poor, and work-ing life is low, and latter's fragility is big, is prone to brittle rupture in the use.The external high-chromium-nickel alloy grid section that adopts with better heat-resisting and wear resistance, but, cause the cost of grid section too high, and China's nickel resources is very short owing to nickel content height in this class grid section.Chinese patent ZL88105269.8 discloses " the heat-resisting chromium steel of a kind of stove ", and its chemical ingredients is: C0.6～1.0%, Si1.4～2.0%, Mn≤0.6%, S≤0.035%, P≤0.045%, Cr15.0～19.0%, Re0.03～0.1%, surplus are Fe.This stove adopts no nickel prescription with heat-resisting chromium steel, solved the expensive problem of high-chromium-nickel alloy grid section, but its oxidation-resistance and wear resistance reduces obviously.
The cast steel with high chromium grid section and the manufacture method thereof that the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of multielement, low nickel content when cost is controlled, increase substantially the oxidation-resistance and the wear resistance of grid section.
The objective of the invention is to realize by following measure.
A kind of cast steel with high chromium grid section, its chemical ingredients consists of (weight %):
C1.0～2.2%, Cr22.0～30.0%, Al3.0～7.0%, Si1.0～2.5%, Mn0.5～1.0%, Ni0.2～0.8%, B0.005～0.04%, Zr0.04～0.10%, Y0.08～0.25%, K0.02～0.08%, S＜0.04, P＜0.04, surplus are Fe.
A kind of method of making above-mentioned cast steel with high chromium grid section adopts electrosmelting, and its manufacturing technology steps is as follows:
1. ordinary scrap steel, carbon ferrochrome, low carbon ferrochromium and stainless steel waste material are mixed and put into the stove heat fused, the molten clear back of molten steel adds ferrosilicon and ferromanganese;
2. the stokehold is adjusted to branch and temperature is risen to 1580～1640 ℃ after qualified, adds the Al deoxidation and the alloying that account for molten steel weight 4%～7%, then comes out of the stove;
3. will contain potassium alterant, Yttrium base rare earth, aluminium zirconium alloy and ferro-boron be crushed to granularity less than the fritter of 15mm and oven dry after, place the casting ladle bottom, with pouring method in the bag molten steel is carried out the composite inoculating processing;
4. molten steel is handled after filtration, when its temperature is 1420～1480 ℃, is poured into the wet sand casting grid section;
5. unpacking air cooling grid section after casting 8～12 minutes;
6. grid section is carried out anneal, annealing treating process is: 300～420 ℃, 3～6) hour, air cooling or stove are cold.
Molten steel is gone into the filtration treatment before the casting mold, adopts the refractory fibre filtering net to carry out, and the mesh 1.5～2.0mm * 1.5～2.0mm of filtering net nets thick 0.20～0.40mm, voidage 40～60%, and filtering net is placed in below the sprue cup.
C is high chromium high temperature steel hardness of influence and flexible principal element, and when C content was high, carbide quantity was many in the tissue, the matrix hardness height, and wear resistance is good.C content has double influence to toughness, and along with C content increases, carbide significantly increases, and is distributed on the crystal boundary more on the one hand, so impelling strength descends, on the other hand, formed carbide hinders the high temperature grain growth of high chromium high temperature steel, makes the remarkable refinement of crystal grain.High chromium steel C measures when high in addition, and α → γ takes place high temperature changes, and γ relatively-high temperature grain growth is insensitive, and therefore high chromium high temperature steel toughness increases with the C amount and maximum value occurs, is wear resistance and the toughness of taking into account steel, and C content is controlled at 1.0%～2.2%.
Cr is a topmost alloying element in the cast steel with high chromium, and why cast steel with high chromium has higher heat resistance, mainly is that the adding of Cr makes the alloy extexine can generate the Cr of one deck densification under high temperature action
2O
3Protective layer stops or the oxidising process that delayed alloy turns to internal oxidation by external oxidation.Under worst hot case owing to be subjected to the effect of stress etc., make oxide film and down the top layer crack, the internal oxidation that appears as alloy of crackle provides the oxygen supply passage.Cast steel with high chromium itself has repair ability to crackle, Cr content is high more, strong more to the crackle repair ability, but Cr content surpasses at 30% o'clock, has frangible compounds σ to separate out mutually, the toughness of infringement material, Cr too high levels in addition, material melting difficulty, castability worsens, cost significantly raises, so Cr content is advisable with 22%～30%.
Al also is an anti-oxidant element commonly used in the refractory alloy, and refractory alloy collapse mode at high temperature has oxidation and growth or strain cracking.Al can be in the metallic surface oxidation rapidly under high temperature, generate continuous compact protective film simultaneously, be covered in the metallic surface securely, thereby hinder oxygen effectively and metal (atom or ion) at high temperature spreads, make alloy have high-temperature oxidation resistance.Al can also make α → γ transformation temperature improve simultaneously, stablizes perlite, or improves the pearlite decomposition temperature, makes alloy have the ability of high temperature resistance growth.The Al add-on is too much, and the material castability worsens, and cost increases, and therefore Al content is controlled at 3.0%～7.0%.
Si has restraining effect to oxidation when high temperature, when temperature higher (greater than 900 ℃), can form than compact oxide.In cast steel with high chromium, add an amount of Si and can obviously improve its oxidation-resistance, but Si increases the fragility of cast steel with high chromium, and add-on is too much, and the impelling strength of cast steel with high chromium is obviously reduced, for taking into account impelling strength and oxidation-resistance, Si content is controlled at 1.0%～2.5%.
Mn is not anti-oxidant element, and its molecular weight is big, and oxide compound is not enough to again form the passivation protection film, thus reduce its content as far as possible, but Mn can play desoxydatoin, therefore its content is controlled at 0.5%～1.0%.
Ni is a kind of non-carbide forming element, and its solid solution can improve the hot strength and the thermal fatigue strength of matrix in matrix.And the hot strength of matrix can play an important role to performance carbide opposing high temperature abrasive wear, because being directly connected to, it can provide the good supporting condition to carbide, Ni can also improve the alloy resistance of oxidation to a certain extent, but its price is higher, takes all factors into consideration Ni content is controlled at 0.2%～0.8%.
Add micro-B in the cast steel with high chromium, can impel the eutectic carbides granulation, help improving the impelling strength of alloy.B mainly exists with the boride form in cast steel with high chromium in addition, and the diffusion admittance of boride oxygenant can reduce alloy oxidation the time, improve the oxide film adhesive power, boride also can significantly reduce the growth stress of oxide film, makes oxide film be difficult for causing stress concentration, weakens even the inhibited oxidation film cracks, oxidation-resistance to the raising cast steel with high chromium is favourable, but add-on is too much, and alloy fragility is increased, and therefore B content is controlled at 0.005%～0.04%.
But Zr is crystal grain thinning both, improves the alloy obdurability, also reduces diffusivity and the alloy oxide film growth rate of oxygen in oxide film, improves the alloy thermotolerance, and add-on is too much, and alloy is become fragile, and therefore Zr content is controlled at 0.04%～0.10%.
Y has the effect that purifies crystal boundary, and the weak part of crystal boundary when being alloy high-temp work, crystal boundary purifies can improve anti-grain boundary oxidation ability, thus the hot strength and the creep strength of raising alloy.Y can also promote the preferential oxidation of Cr and Al, makes the complete uniform Cr of the very fast formation of alloy surface
2O
3Film or Al
2O
3Film, and can reduce Cr
2O
3Film and Al
2O
3The growth velocity of film improves the antistripping of alloy oxide film, thereby improves the oxidation-resistance and the high temperature resistance growth property of alloy.But excessive Y will cause inclusion to increase, and reduce the obdurability of cast steel with high chromium on the contrary, therefore Y content will be controlled at 0.08%～0.25%.
K can reduce the primary crystal Tc and the eutectic crystallization temperature of cast steel with high chromium, help molten steel cold excessively at liquidus line and eutectic area, and the crystallization condensate depression of alloy increases, nucleation rate is increased greatly, therefore, K increases primary crystal austenite nucleus, and the primary crystal austenite is fined, the trend that residual molten steel was spaced mutually when the austenitic refinement of primary crystal caused eutectic reaction strengthens, and then causes the refinement of eutectic structure.In addition, K optionally gathers when eutectic crystallization partially in eutectic carbides is grown up direction forward position molten steel according to qualifications, hinder atoms such as Fe, Cr in the molten steel, the C eutectic carbides crystal of normally growing into, reduce eutectic and taken the lead the coarsening rate that phase carbide [010] is grown up direction according to qualifications, causing [010] direction to be grown up slows down, and [001], the increase of [100] direction coarsening rate cause eutectic carbides to become irregular lumps.The improvement of austenitic refinement of primary crystal and eutectic carbides form, help the cast steel with high chromium mechanical property, particularly impelling strength increases substantially, but add-on is too much, cause steel inclusion quantity to increase, mechanical property is brought detrimentally affect on the contrary, take all factors into consideration, K content is controlled at 0.02%～0.08%.
P and S are the inevitable trace impurities of bringing in the raw material, all are harmful elements, and for the intensity, toughness and the wear resistance that guarantee grid section, we all are controlled at the content of P and S below 0.04%.
Casting and thermal treatment process also can make the performance of alloy material improve, and the formulation of grid section manufacturing process is according to being among the present invention:
Because the existence of inclusion reduces the ambient temperature mechanical properties and the mechanical behavior under high temperature of alloy, therefore in smelting process, adopt molten steel high temperature to come out of the stove, measures such as the processing of going bad with the method for pouring when going into casting ladle.We have also adopted filtration treatment technology that molten steel is carried out filtration treatment in addition, with inclusion content in the further minimizing molten steel, improve the mechanical property of cast steel with high chromium.Can be used for the filtering strainer of molten steel has ceramic foam filter, straight-bore ceramic filter, porous ceramic filter, filtering net, split strainer etc., at first will consider the alloy characteristic and the casting structures such as wetting property of molten steel component, cast steel founding condition, melt and strainer when selecting strainer for use.Also to consider refractoriness, chemical stability of strainer etc. simultaneously.After taking all factors into consideration above-mentioned factor, selected for use use flexibly, good, the cheap refractory fibre filtering net of filter effect carries out filtration treatment to grid section.Compare with filtration treatment not, after the filtration treatment in the grid section inclusion reduce 15.8%～24.6%, can make impelling strength improve 8.8%～12.5%.Filtration treatment is because of having reduced inclusion content in the molten steel, molten steel viscosity is reduced, the mobile raising, can obviously improve the cavity filling ability of molten steel in casting, help reducing grid section foundary loss rate, after handling after filtration, grid section foundary loss rate 5.3%～6.2% before by filtration treatment reduced to below 1.7%.
For eliminating grid section internal stress and stabilizing tissue, grid section need carry out anneal.The annealing Heating temperature is too high, and grid section is yielding, and the annealing Heating temperature is low excessively, and the grid section internal stress is difficult for eliminating, and selecting the annealing Heating temperature for use is 300～420 ℃, can guarantee the elimination of internal stress, and the grid section deflection is less than 0.2%.Soaking time is too short, and the grid section internal stress is eliminated not exclusively, and soaking time is long, wastes energy, and soaking time is chosen as the elimination that can guarantee the grid section internal stress in 3～6 hours, can not make energy dissipation again.Because of the grid section simple shape, the annealing Heating temperature is not high, and the type of cooling after the grid section insulation selects for use air cooling or stove internal cooling all can.Metallographic structure after the grid section thermal treatment is: eutectic carbides+proeutectoid carbide+austenite+ferrite.
The advantage that the present invention is compared with prior art had is:
1. contain 13.2%～17.9% high rigidity eutectic carbides in this grid section metallographic structure, cause grid section hardness height, reach HBS420～480, wear resistance is good.Be used for sintering pallet, its consumption is 9～12g/t agglomerate, and stove is the 17g/t agglomerate with heat-resisting chromium steel grid section, and the high-chromium-nickel alloy grid section is the 10.5g/t agglomerate.
2. contain the more long element of anti-oxidant and antibiosis in the grid section tissue, therefore have the long property of good oxidation-resistance and antibiosis, see Table 1.In the oxidation rate of 900 ℃ of continuous heating after 500 hours is 10.5～14.3 (mg/m
2H), be 0.008%～0.015% in the growth rate of 950 ℃ of continuous heating after 150 hours, the long property of its oxidation-resistance and antibiosis obviously is better than the heat-resisting chromium steel of stove, and is suitable with high-chromium-nickel alloy.
The long property contrast of the oxidation-resistance of table 1 grid section of the present invention and other grid section and antibiosis
3. adopt filtration treatment in the grid section casting of the present invention, can make inclusion reduce 15.8%～24.6%, grid section impelling strength improves 8.8%～12.5%.Grid section foundary loss rate 5.3%～6.2% before by filtration treatment reduced to below 1.7%.
4. the present invention carries out the composite inoculating processing with polynary microalloy to cast steel with high chromium, can make eutectic carbides become bulk, spherical distribution by bar, zonal arrangement, distributing homogeneity improves, cast steel intensity is improved, impelling strength increases substantially, tensile strength reaches 930～1025MPa, and impelling strength reaches 10.5～12.8J/cm
2, can satisfy of the requirement of castor bar fully with steel.
Below embodiments of the invention are described in detail.
Embodiment 1:
1, batching: the consumption of various raw materials (weight %)
Ordinary scrap steel: 42.46%, carbon ferrochrome: 21.3%,
Low carbon ferrochromium: 20.8%, ferromanganese: 0.5%,
Ferrosilicon: 0.8%, aluminium ingot: 5.7%,
The stainless steel waste material: 6.7%, contain the potassium material: 0.84%,
Yttrium base rare earth: 0.59%, ferro-boron: 0.07%,
Aluminium zirconium alloy: 0.24%.
2, melting: with 500 kilograms of acid medium-frequency induction furnace meltings
1. 212.3 kilograms of ordinary scrap steels, 106.5 kilograms of carbon ferrochromes, 104 kilograms of low carbon ferrochromiums and 33.5 kilograms of stainless steel waste materials are mixed by the mentioned component requirement and put into the stove heat fused, molten steel adds 4 kilograms of ferrosilicon, 2.5 kilograms of ferromanganese after melting clearly;
2. the stokehold is adjusted to branch and temperature is risen to 1620 ℃ after qualified, adds 28.5 kilograms of aluminium ingot deoxidations and alloying, then comes out of the stove;
3. contain the fritter that potassium alterant, 2.95 kilograms of Yttrium base rare earths, 1.2 kilograms of aluminium zirconium alloys and 0.35 kilogram of ferro-boron are crushed to granularity 11～14mm with 4.2 kilograms, after 180 ℃ of oven dry, place the casting ladle bottom, molten steel is carried out the composite inoculating processing with pouring method in the bag.
3, the casting of grid section
1. with wet quartz sand casting mold casting grid section, the pouring molten steel temperature is 1440 ℃, and molten steel carries out filtration treatment with the refractory fibre filtering net before going into casting mold, mesh 1.66mm * the 1.66mm of filtering net, net thick 0.25mm, voidage 55%, filtering net is placed in below the sprue cup;
2. pour into a mould the air cooling grid section of unpacking after 10 minutes.
4, grid section thermal treatment
The grid section annealing treating process is: 350 ℃ * 5.5 hours, and air cooling, the grid section anneal is carried out in chamber type electric resistance furnace.
Carry out chemical analysis, its composition following (weight %) from grid section sampling:
C1.82, Cr 25.83, Al4.87, Si1.23, Mn0.64, Ni0.62, B0.012, Zr0.06, K0.05, Y0.11, S0.012, P0.037, surplus is Fe.
Scrap rate 1.23% in the grid section casting.Deflection 0.08% after the grid section annealing thermal treatment.
Cutting 20mm thin slice tested for hardness on the grid section entity is 456HBS.
Cut the non-notch sample of 10mm * 10mm * 55mm on the grid section entity, the impelling strength of beta alloy is 11.2J/cm
2
With the Y type test block of grid section with stove cast on cut φ 20mm * 320mm sample, the tensile strength of beta alloy is 985MPa.
Embodiment 2:
1, batching: the consumption of various raw materials (weight %)
Ordinary scrap steel: 49.71%, carbon ferrochrome: 18.3%,
Low carbon ferrochromium: 1 7.5%, ferromanganese: 0.3%,
Ferrosilicon: 1.5%, aluminium ingot: 6.9%,
The stainless steel waste material: 3.8%, contain the potassium material: 0.68%,
Yttrium base rare earth: 0.90%, ferro-boron: 0.06%,
Aluminium zirconium alloy: 0.35%.
2, melting: with 250 kilograms of alkaline medium-frequency induction furnace meltings
1. 124.275 kilograms of ordinary scrap steels, 45.75 kilograms of carbon ferrochromes, 43.75 kilograms of low carbon ferrochromiums and 9.5 kilograms of stainless steel waste materials are mixed by the mentioned component requirement and put into the stove heat fused, molten steel adds 3.75 kilograms of ferrosilicon, 0.75 kilogram of ferromanganese after melting clearly;
2. the stokehold is adjusted to branch and temperature is risen to 1630 ℃ after qualified, adds 17.25 kilograms of aluminium ingot deoxidations and alloying, then comes out of the stove;
3. contain the fritter that potassium alterant, 2.25 kilograms of Yttrium base rare earths, 0.875 kilogram of aluminium zirconium alloy and 0.15 kilogram of ferro-boron are crushed to granularity 10～12mm with 1.7 kilograms, after 175 ℃ of oven dry, place the casting ladle bottom, with the method that pours in the bag molten steel is carried out composite inoculating and handle.
3, the casting of grid section
1. with wet quartz sand casting mold casting grid section, the pouring molten steel temperature is 1450 ℃, and molten steel carries out filtration treatment with the refractory fibre filtering net before going into casting mold, mesh 1.66mm * the 1.66mm of filtering net, net thick 0.25mm, voidage 55%, filtering net is placed in below the sprue cup;
2. pour into a mould the air cooling grid section of unpacking after 11 minutes.
4, grid section thermal treatment
The grid section annealing treating process is: 380 ℃ * 5 hours, stove was cold, and the grid section anneal is carried out in chamber type electric resistance furnace.
Carry out chemical analysis, its composition following (weight %) from grid section sampling:
C1.61, Cr23.27, Al6.23, Si1.78, Mn0.52, Ni0.33, B0.009, Zr0.08, K0.04, Y0.17, S0.011, P0.034, surplus is Fe.
Scrap rate 1.15% in the grid section casting.Deflection 0.07% after the grid section annealing thermal treatment.
Cutting 20mm thin slice tested for hardness on the grid section entity is 439HBS.
Cut the non-notch sample of 10mm * 10mm * 55mm on the grid section entity, the impelling strength of beta alloy is 12.5J/cm
2
With the Y type test block of grid section with stove cast on cut φ 20mm * 320mm sample, the tensile strength of beta alloy is 948MPa.
With grid section of the present invention at 50m
2Small-sized sintering pallet and 450m
2The test of the enterprising luggage machine of large scale sintering machine trolley, use continuously to reach 36 months, safe in utilization, reliable, fracture accident never takes place in the use.
Claims (3)
1. cast steel with high chromium grid section, the chemical ingredients that it is characterized in that it consists of (weight %): C1.0～2.2%, Cr22.0～30.0%, Al3.0～7.0%, Si1.0～2.5%, Mn0.5～1.0%, Ni0.2～0.8%, B0.005～0.04%, Zr0.04～0.10%, Y0.08～0.25%, K0.02～0.08%, S＜0.04, P＜0.04, and surplus is Fe.
2. a method of making the described cast steel with high chromium grid section of claim 1 adopts electrosmelting, it is characterized in that its manufacturing technology steps is as follows:
1. ordinary scrap steel, carbon ferrochrome, low carbon ferrochromium and stainless steel waste material are mixed and put into the stove heat fused, the molten clear back of molten steel adds ferrosilicon and ferromanganese;
2. the stokehold is adjusted to branch and temperature is risen to 1580～1640 ℃ after qualified, adds the Al deoxidation and the alloying that account for molten steel weight 4%～7%, then comes out of the stove;
3. will contain potassium alterant, Yttrium base rare earth, aluminium zirconium alloy and ferro-boron be crushed to granularity less than the fritter of 15mm and oven dry after, place the casting ladle bottom, with pouring method in the bag molten steel is carried out the composite inoculating processing;
4. molten steel is handled after filtration, when its temperature is 1420～1480 ℃, is poured into the wet sand casting grid section;
5. unpacking air cooling grid section after casting 8～12 minutes;
6. grid section is carried out anneal, annealing treating process is: 300～420 ℃, 3～6 hours, air cooling or stove were cold.
3. method according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described molten steel is gone into the filtration treatment before the casting mold, adopt the refractory fibre filtering net to carry out, mesh 1.5～2.0mm * 1.5～the 2.0mm of filtering net, net thick 0.20～0.40mm, voidage 40～60%, filtering net is placed in below the sprue cup.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN00123693A CN1091167C (en) | 2000-08-29 | 2000-08-29 | High-Cr cast steel grate and its manufacture method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN00123693A CN1091167C (en) | 2000-08-29 | 2000-08-29 | High-Cr cast steel grate and its manufacture method |
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| CN1282799A CN1282799A (en) | 2001-02-07 |
| CN1091167C true CN1091167C (en) | 2002-09-18 |
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| CN00123693A Expired - Fee Related CN1091167C (en) | 2000-08-29 | 2000-08-29 | High-Cr cast steel grate and its manufacture method |
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Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BRPI0411913B1 (en) * | 2003-06-27 | 2013-09-03 | Iron base sintered alloy with highly hardened and hardened surface, and method of production thereof | |
| CN101368248B (en) * | 2007-08-15 | 2010-07-21 | 北京北科德瑞冶金工程技术有限公司 | Heat-resisting alloy steel for grate plate and method of producing the same |
| CN101798662B (en) * | 2010-04-27 | 2012-02-15 | 北京力拓科技有限公司 | High temperature oxidation resistant grid section and preparation method thereof |
| CN101935805B (en) * | 2010-07-30 | 2012-01-25 | 北京工业大学 | Grate bar and preparation method thereof |
| CN102605289B (en) * | 2012-03-13 | 2013-08-28 | 天津得利伟机械制造有限公司 | Fire grate strip of sintering machine and manufacturing method of fire grate strip |
| CN103849819B (en) * | 2012-12-04 | 2016-03-30 | 上海梅山钢铁股份有限公司 | A kind of sinter machine fire grate bar material and production method thereof and composite pouring unit |
| CN103320714B (en) * | 2013-06-05 | 2015-07-01 | 西安交通大学 | High-temperature-wearing-resisting aluminum-containing alloy steel and preparation method thereof |
| CN103509998A (en) * | 2013-09-27 | 2014-01-15 | 无锡阳工机械制造有限公司 | Improved carbon steel and preparation technology thereof |
| CN109807642B (en) * | 2019-03-06 | 2022-02-18 | 济南海马机械设计有限公司 | Rainwater grate automation line |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1093758A (en) * | 1993-04-16 | 1994-10-19 | 山东工业大学 | Cast 1300-1350 ℃ of iron-based high temperature steel and founding |
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2000
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Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1093758A (en) * | 1993-04-16 | 1994-10-19 | 山东工业大学 | Cast 1300-1350 ℃ of iron-based high temperature steel and founding |
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