CN109114436A - Line clogging detection system based on low-frequency sound wave - Google Patents
Line clogging detection system based on low-frequency sound wave Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
- F17D5/00—Protection or supervision of installations
- F17D5/02—Preventing, monitoring, or locating loss
- F17D5/06—Preventing, monitoring, or locating loss using electric or acoustic means
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Abstract
Line clogging detection system based on low-frequency sound wave, belong to pipeline inspection technology field, it is indicated to solve the problems, such as to detect line clogging for blocking more accurate situation, including waveform generator, low frequency electric sound energy converter, microphone and signal analysis device, waveform generator is for generating pumping signal, pumping signal is transferred to low frequency electric sound energy converter, and pumping signal is converted into Low frequency pulse wave signal by low frequency electric sound energy converter, emit into pipeline, forms incidence wave and back wave in pipeline；Acoustic signals in microphone receiving pipeline are simultaneously transferred to signal analysis device, signal analysis device parses the position to reflect tamper to acoustic signals, effect is the initial stage not exclusively blocked can to occur in pipeline, detects position and chocking-up degree that blocking occurs in time.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to pipeline inspection technology fields, are related to a kind of system for line clogging on-line checking.
Background technique
Current China economic society is fast-developing steadily, and living standards of the people increasingly improve, and energy needs is increasing.Pipe
Road transport is a kind of main energy means of transportation, with freight volume is big, at low cost, highly-safe, occupied area is small, sustainable fortune
The advantages that defeated, is widely used in the long distance delivery of petroleum, natural gas.Due to produce petroleum, contain water in natural gas,
If cannot be completely out before entering pipeline, in the pipeline environment of high pressure low temperature, natural gas and water will form natural gas hydration
Object solid.In addition to gas hydrates, there is also the plurality of impurities such as paraffin, pitch, silt and corrosion product in pipeline, these are miscellaneous
Matter gradually can be precipitated or settle during transportation, to form blocking.Blocking in pipeline not only will affect pipeline operating condition
Stablize, reduce transfer efficiency, it is also possible to cause the super-pressure of pipeline local location the major accidents such as to destroy, to the safety of pipeline with
Stable operation harm is huge.If the position and blocking journey that blocking occurs can be detected in time at the initial stage that pipeline blocks
Degree is accomplished to prevent trouble before it happens, so that it may avoid serious line clogging accident to targetedly take measures to eliminate blocking
Generation.
Carrying out blockage positioning using Acoustic Reflection Method is common line clogging detection method, passes through the transmitting sound into pipeline
Wave receives the reflected sound wave of tamper by the time difference of incidence wave and back wave and calculates blocking position.Carry out
When detection, for the signal that acoustic receiver emat sensor receives other than the reflected useful signal of tamper, there are also a large amount of
Noise signal, including noise signals such as noise, ambient noise, circuit noise in pipeline.When pipeline does not occur completely plugged,
Since blocked area is small, sound wave reflection signal is weak, more serious by noise jamming, and reflection wave signal may be submerged in noise letter completely
In number, cause stopping state that cannot find in time, misses optimal de-plugging opportunity.It should be maximum to the task of acoustic signals processing
The limitation noise of limit improves signal-to-noise ratio, so that useful signal be effectively detected out.CN 2010202886298 is based on all-bottom sound
The system that wave monitors pipe leakage or blocking, does not account for influence of the noise to detection.
Summary of the invention
It is indicated to solve the problems, such as to detect line clogging for blocking more accurate situation, the present invention proposes following skill
Art scheme:
A kind of line clogging detection system based on low-frequency sound wave, including it is waveform generator, low frequency electric sound energy converter, transaudient
Device and signal analysis device, for waveform generator for generating pumping signal, pumping signal is transferred to low frequency electric sound energy converter, and by
Pumping signal is converted to Low frequency pulse wave signal by low frequency electric sound energy converter, is emitted into pipeline, is formed in pipeline incident
Wave and back wave；Acoustic signals in microphone receiving pipeline are simultaneously transferred to signal analysis device, and signal analysis device is to sound wave
Signal resolution is to reflect the position of tamper.
Further, the line clogging detection system based on low-frequency sound wave, further include power amplifier, preamplifier,
Filter and data acquisition device；
The power amplifier is used for the pumping signal enhanced processing that generates waveform generator, and by amplified excitation
Signal is transmitted to low frequency electric sound energy converter；
Acoustic signals further include noise signal；
The preamplifier is used for the acoustic signals enhanced processing in the received pipeline of microphone；
The acoustic signals that the filter is used to export preamplifier are filtered；
The data acquisition device is used for the acoustic signals analog-to-digital conversion that exports to filter, and by the signal after conversion
It is transferred to signal analysis device.
Further, the head end welding of pipeline and pipeline are in 25~35 ° of branch pipe, peace in the branch pipe in the horizontal direction
Low frequency electric sound energy converter is filled, the low frequency electric sound energy converter and branch pipe are with flanged joint.
Further, the acoustic signals of low frequency electric sound energy converter transmitting are chirp acoustic signals.
Further, the expression formula of linear FM signal is as follows:
In formula, A is signal amplitude, f0For center frequency, k=B/T is chirp rate, and B is signal bandwidth, and T holds for signal
The continuous time, t is the time；
Further, the frequency of the sound wave of low frequency electric sound energy converter transmitting is less than the single order cutoff frequency for being detected pipeline
fc, wherein fcIt calculates according to the following formula:
In formula, c is the velocity of sound in pipeline internal medium, and r is the radius for being detected pipeline.
Further, the Low frequency pulse wave that low frequency electric sound energy converter generates is received by microphone first, and is transferred to letter
Number resolver, distance of the signal analysis device according to incidence wave arrival time and microphone away from low frequency electric sound energy converter calculate
The velocity of sound of pipeline intermediary matter out.
Further, Low frequency pulse wave signal is propagated in pipeline,
When Low frequency pulse wave signal encounter pipeline it is completely plugged when, generate a back wave；
When Low frequency pulse wave signal, which encounters pipeline, non-fully to be blocked, all generated in the starting point of blocking and the terminal of blocking
Back wave, and the back wave opposite in phase that the starting point blocked the back wave generated and the terminal of blocking generate；
The case where back wave is received by microphone, and is transferred to signal analysis device, calculates tamper in pipeline and blocking
Position.
Further, incidence wave is t from the time that low-frequency transducer travels to microphone1, incidence wave is from low-frequency transducer
Propagation distance before to microphone is x1, x1It is obtained by the length measured between oblique branch length of tube and oblique branch pipe and microphone,
The time that microphone receives the back wave of blocking starting point is t2, the time that microphone receives the back wave of blocking terminal is t3；
The velocity of sound c of medium, calculation formula are as follows in pipeline:
The distance between the starting point of blocking and microphone are x2
x2=c* (t2-t1)
The distance between terminal and microphone of blocking are x3
x3=c* (t3-t1)
The length of tamper is l
L=x3-x2
The case where reflecting blocking with the type of back wave reflects blocking position with distance.
Microphone only receive a kind of back wave be then it is completely plugged, it is then not exclusively stifled for receiving the back wave of opposite in phase
Plug, x2Reflect the distance between starting point and the microphone of blocking, x3Reflect the distance between terminal and the microphone of blocking.
The utility model has the advantages that the present invention can be emitted by low frequency electric sound transducer-engagement arbitrary waveform generator into pipeline
The low-frequency sound wave of random waveform improves propagation distance of the sound wave in pipeline；Using matched filtering method to the sound wave received
Signal is handled, and accuracy of identification under the conditions of high background noise is improved.In pipeline not exclusively blocking can occur for the present invention
Initial stage, detect in time blocking occur position and chocking-up degree, to take breaking block treatment to race against time, to avoid
The generation of serious blocking accident.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the line clogging detection system based on low-frequency sound wave.
Fig. 2 is jam detection signal time-voltage pattern of the invention.
In figure: 1 signal generator；2 power amplifiers；3 low-frequency transducers；4 oblique branch pipes；5 microphones；6 preamplifiers；
7 data acquisition devices；8 computers；9 tampers.
Specific embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, the present embodiment provides a kind of line clogging detection system based on low-frequency sound wave, which can be
Line use, technical solution solve existing line clogging detection system positioning accuracy, rate of false alarm and in terms of
There are the problem of.The system includes an arbitrary waveform generator, a power amplifier, low frequency electric sound energy converter, one
A microphone, a pretreatment unit, a data acquisition device, a computer, the computer is as signal analysis device
Realize signal resolution function, low frequency electric sound energy converter is mounted on pipeline head end by branch pipe, and low frequency electric sound energy converter and branch pipe are logical
Cross flanged joint, branch pipe is connected to main pipeline by welding, and the angle of branch pipe and main pipeline is 30 °.Wherein, described
Meaning waveform generator is for generating pumping signal；The power amplifier is used for the excitation for generating the arbitrary waveform generator
Signal amplifies processing, and amplified pumping signal is transmitted to low frequency electric sound energy converter；The low frequency electric sound energy converter is used
Low frequency pulse wave signal is converted in the pumping signal for inputting the power amplifier, and is emitted into pipeline；The biography
Sound device is used to receive the acoustic signals in the pipeline, and acoustic signals include incident acoustic wave signal, reflected sonic signals and noise
The acoustic signals received are transferred to the preamplifier enhanced processing by signal, microphone, and preamplifier believes sound wave
Number it is transferred to filter；The filter is filtered the acoustic signals received, and will treated sound wave
Signal is transferred to the data acquisition device；The acoustic signals received are carried out analog-to-digital conversion by the data acquisition device, and
Will treated acoustic signals, be transferred to the computer；The computer is analyzed the acoustic signals received, is counted
It calculates, according to the velocity of sound in the time difference and pipeline between back wave and incidence wave, determines the position of tamper.Low frequency electric sound energy converter
By emitting low-frequency sound wave signal constantly into pipeline, and by signal analysis device to the acoustic signals real-time perfoming received point
Analysis calculates, and the on-line monitoring of pipeline may be implemented.
In the present invention when the frequency of sound wave is lower than pipeline single order cutoff frequency as described low frequency, be low frequency of the present invention
Definition, be detected pipeline single order cutoff frequency it is related with the diameter of pipeline, what low-frequency sound wave signal can be propagated in the duct
Distance is remote, and sound wave is propagated in the form of plane wave in pipeline, can be along pipe long-distance without diffusive attenuation (waveguide principle)
It propagates.The propagation of sound wave is in addition to diffusive attenuation, and there are also scatter attenuations, attenuation by absorption, both decaying are all subtracting with frequency
Small and reduce, frequency of sound wave more low energy passes remoter, however the resolution ratio detected is reduced with the reduction of frequency.So low
As long as the present invention can be realized lower than single order cutoff frequency in the frequency of frequency acoustic signals, but unsuitable too low.
As a kind of technical solution, the pumping signal that preferably arbitrary waveform generator generates is linear FM signal, can
Increase the propagation distance of sound wave, the expression formula of linear FM signal is as follows:
In formula, A is signal amplitude, f0For center frequency, k=B/T is chirp rate, and B is signal band T when being that signal continues
Between, t is the time, and the parameter of linear FM signal can be selected by arbitrary waveform generator.
The acoustic signals of low frequency electric sound energy converter transmitting are chirp acoustic signals.
The frequency of the sound wave of low frequency electric sound energy converter transmitting is less than the single order cutoff frequency f for being detected pipelinec, wherein fcRoot
It is calculated according to following formula:
In formula, c is the velocity of sound in pipeline internal medium, and r is the radius for being detected pipeline.
Linear FM signal has biggish Timed automata, and linear FM signal is used for sound wave modulation, can be effective
Ground carries out the sonic transmissions of long range, in reception is handled by matched filter, can by broad pulse boil down to burst pulse
To obtain higher distance resolution, while obtaining preferable signal-to-noise ratio.It, can using linear FM signal Modulated Ultrasonic wave impulse
To improve the penetration power of sound wave and the resolution ratio of detection, to improve the accuracy rate of detection.Linear frequency modulation acoustic signals can increase
The propagation distance for adding sound wave is handled when receiving signal using matched filtering, and the signal-to-noise ratio of output signal is maximum, can effectively be solved
Certainly noise problem improves the resolution ratio of detection, reduces rate of false alarm, therefore linear frequency modulation acoustic signals are applied to line clogging inspection
In survey.
The pulse signal that the arbitrary waveform generator generates is divided into two-way, wherein pulse signal is transferred directly to count all the way
At the time of calculation machine (signal analysis device) is for determining Low frequency pulse wave transmitting, that is, determine the initial time of Acoustic Wave Propagation；Separately
All the way pulse signal for motivate low frequency electric sound energy converter generate Low frequency pulse wave, and part low frequency electric sound energy converter generate
Low frequency pulse wave is received by microphone first as incidence wave, and is transferred to signal analysis device, signal analysis device parsing
Obtain incidence wave arrival time, i.e., it is at the time of transmitting by Low frequency pulse wave and incident at the time of microphone receives incidence wave
Wave arrival time calculates incidence wave transmission time, and by signal analysis device according to incidence wave transmission time and microphone away from low
The distance of frequency electroacoustic transducer calculates the velocity of sound of medium in pipeline.
Matched filtering method is taken to be analyzed the acoustic signals received to obtain the correlation circumstance of tamper, tamper
Position include occur pipeline it is completely plugged when tamper position, occur blocking starting point of pipeline when non-fully blocking outside
Set and block final position.
By above-mentioned, the basic functional principle of the determination stopping state of the present invention program is produced using arbitrary waveform generator
Raw linear FM signal, linear FM signal motivate low-frequency transducer to generate low-frequency chirp after power amplifier amplifies
Sound wave, low-frequency chirp sound wave emit from one end of pipeline into pipeline, since the frequency of the sound wave of transmitting is less than pipeline
Single order cutoff frequency, sound wave will be propagated in the form of plane wave in the duct, without diffusive attenuation, sound wave can along pipeline it is long away from
From propagation.Sound wave is propagated in pipeline, and when encountering tamper, the acoustic impedance of pipeline internal medium mutates, and can cause one
Divide acoustic wave energy to reflect, generate back wave, back wave can be returned along pipeline to transmitting terminal, and remaining sound wave can be along pipe
Road continuation is propagated forward.When sound wave encounters it is completely plugged when, a back wave can be generated；When sound wave, which encounters, non-fully to be blocked,
Back wave can be all generated in the beginning and end of plugging point, and blocks the back wave that starting point generates and the back wave that terminal generates
Opposite in phase.The sound wave being reflected back can be received by microphone, can be true by carrying out analytical calculation to the acoustic signals received
Determine position and the stopping state of inner pipeline plug plug thing.
Acoustic emission apparatus is installed in pipeline head end, and acoustic emission apparatus includes arbitrary waveform generator 1, power amplification
Device 2 and low frequency electric sound energy converter 3.Arbitrary waveform generator 1 generates pumping signal, and pumping signal is amplified by power amplifier 2
Afterwards, driving low-frequency transducer emits acoustic signals.Acoustic signals enter pipeline by oblique branch pipe, and along pipe transmmision, work as sound wave
It when encountering the tamper 9 in pipe, will reflect, back wave is returned along pipeline to transmitting terminal.It is mounted on pipeline head end
Microphone 5 is determined according to the time difference of incidence wave signal and reflection wave signal and is blocked for receiving incidence wave signal, back wave letter
Position.The number of tamper and the length of blocking are determined according to the phase of the number of back wave and back wave.
Incidence wave is t from the time that low-frequency transducer travels to microphone1, incidence wave from low-frequency transducer to microphone it
Preceding propagation distance is x1, x1It is obtained by the length measured between oblique branch length of tube and oblique branch pipe and microphone, microphone receives
Time to blocking starting point back wave is t2, the time that microphone receives blocking terminal back wave is t3。
The velocity of sound c of medium, calculation formula are as follows in pipeline:
Blocking the distance between starting point and microphone is x2
x2=c* (t2-t1)
Blocking the distance between terminal and microphone is x3
x3=c* (t3-t1)
The length of tamper is l
L=x3-x2
Fig. 2 show laboratory when carrying out line clogging detection using low-frequency sound wave, the acoustic signals that receive.Laboratory
Ambient noise is small, uses pulse acoustic signals when detecting.Wherein, abscissa is the time, and ordinate is voltage.In figure
First pulse is incidence wave signal, and second pulse is blocking starting point reflection wave signal, and third pulse is that blocking terminal is anti-
Ejected wave signal.Distance between the laboratory blocking starting point set and microphone as 139.42m, block between terminal and microphone away from
It is 41.05m from the length for 180.47m, tamper.Testing result: blocking starting point and the detecting distance of microphone are
139.63m error 0.15%；Blocking the detecting distance between terminal and microphone is 181.11m, error 0.35%；Blocking
Object length detection result is 41.48m, error 1.05%.
First advantage of the present invention is the low-frequency sound wave for being less than pipeline single order cutoff frequency of source emission, low frequency
Sound wave is propagated in the form of plane wave in pipeline, without diffusive attenuation, can be propagated along pipe long-distance, realizes pipe long-distance inspection
It surveys；Second advantage is that energy converter is installed to main pipeline head end by branch pipe, and destruction will not be generated to pipeline, highly-safe；
Third advantage is the initial stage for occurring not exclusively to block in pipeline, can detect position and blocking journey that blocking occurs in time
Degree avoids the generation of serious line clogging accident to targetedly take the measure eliminated and blocked；4th advantage be
Using linear frequency modulation sound wave and matched filtering processing method, inhibits reception signal noise ingredient to receive, make the signal-to-noise ratio of output most
Greatly, increase the positioning accuracy of blocking position.
The preferable specific embodiment of the above, only the invention, but the protection scope of the invention is not
It is confined to this, anyone skilled in the art is in the technical scope that the invention discloses, according to the present invention
The technical solution of creation and its inventive concept are subject to equivalent substitution or change, should all cover the invention protection scope it
It is interior.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of line clogging detection system based on low-frequency sound wave, which is characterized in that changed including waveform generator, low frequency electric sound
Energy device, microphone and signal analysis device, for generating pumping signal, pumping signal is transferred to low frequency electric sound and changes waveform generator
Energy device, and pumping signal is converted into Low frequency pulse wave signal by low frequency electric sound energy converter, emit into pipeline, in pipeline
Form incidence wave and back wave；Acoustic signals in microphone receiving pipeline are simultaneously transferred to signal analysis device, signal resolution dress
Set the position parsed to acoustic signals to reflect tamper.
2. the line clogging detection system based on low-frequency sound wave as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that further include that power is put
Big device, preamplifier, filter and data acquisition device；
The power amplifier is used for the pumping signal enhanced processing that generates waveform generator, and by amplified pumping signal
It is transmitted to low frequency electric sound energy converter；
Acoustic signals further include noise signal；
The preamplifier is used for the acoustic signals enhanced processing in the received pipeline of microphone；
The acoustic signals that the filter is used to export preamplifier are filtered；
The data acquisition device is used for the acoustic signals analog-to-digital conversion exported to filter, and the signal after conversion is transmitted
To signal analysis device.
3. the line clogging detection system based on low-frequency sound wave as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the head end of pipeline welds
Connect is in 25~35 ° of branch pipe with pipeline in the horizontal direction, and low frequency electric sound energy converter, the low-frequency electrical are installed in the branch pipe
Sonic transducer and branch pipe are with flanged joint.
4. the line clogging detection system based on low-frequency sound wave as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that low frequency electric sound transducing
The acoustic signals of device transmitting are chirp acoustic signals.
5. the line clogging detection system based on low-frequency sound wave as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that linear FM signal
Expression formula it is as follows:
In formula, A is signal amplitude, f0For center frequency, k=B/T is chirp rate, and B is signal bandwidth, when T continues for signal
Between, t is the time.
6. the line clogging detection system based on low-frequency sound wave as claimed in claim 5, which is characterized in that low frequency electric sound transducing
The frequency of the sound wave of device transmitting is less than the single order cutoff frequency f for being detected pipelinec, wherein fcIt calculates according to the following formula:
In formula, c is the velocity of sound in pipeline internal medium, and r is the radius for being detected pipeline.
7. the line clogging detection system based on low-frequency sound wave as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the random waveform
The pulse signal that generator generates is divided into two-way, wherein pulse signal is transferred directly to signal analysis device all the way, for true
At the time of determining Low frequency pulse wave transmitting, another way pulse signal is for motivating low frequency electric sound energy converter to generate low-frequency pulse sound
Wave, and the Low frequency pulse wave that part low frequency electric sound energy converter generates is received by microphone first as incidence wave, and is transferred to
Signal analysis device, signal analysis device parse to obtain incidence wave arrival time, at the time of transmitting by Low frequency pulse wave with enter
Ejected wave arrival time calculates incidence wave transmission time, and by signal analysis device according to incidence wave transmission time and microphone away from
The distance of low frequency electric sound energy converter calculates the velocity of sound of medium in pipeline.
8. the line clogging detection system based on low-frequency sound wave as claimed in claim 7, which is characterized in that Low frequency pulse wave
Signal is propagated in pipeline,
When Low frequency pulse wave signal encounter pipeline it is completely plugged when, generate a back wave；
When Low frequency pulse wave signal, which encounters pipeline, non-fully to be blocked, reflection is all generated in the starting point of blocking and the terminal of blocking
Wave, and the back wave opposite in phase that the starting point blocked the back wave generated and the terminal of blocking generate；
The case where back wave is received by microphone, and is transferred to signal analysis device, calculates tamper in pipeline and blocking position.
9. the line clogging detection system based on low-frequency sound wave as claimed in claim 8, which is characterized in that incidence wave is from low frequency
The time that energy converter travels to microphone is t1, incidence wave from low-frequency transducer to microphone before propagation distance be x1, x1It is logical
It crosses the length measured between oblique branch length of tube and oblique branch pipe and microphone to obtain, microphone receives the back wave of blocking starting point
Time is t2, the time that microphone receives the back wave of blocking terminal is t3；
The velocity of sound c of medium, calculation formula are as follows in pipeline:
The distance between the starting point of blocking and microphone are x2
x2=c* (t2-t1)
The distance between terminal and microphone of blocking are x3
x3=c* (t3-t1)
The length of tamper is l
L=x3-x2
The case where reflecting blocking with the type of back wave reflects blocking position with distance.
10. the line clogging detection system based on low-frequency sound wave as claimed in claim 9, which is characterized in that microphone only connects
Receive a kind of back wave be then it is completely plugged, the back wave for receiving opposite in phase is then not exclusively to block, x2Reflect blocking
The distance between starting point and microphone, x3Reflect the distance between terminal and the microphone of blocking.
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| CN111765390A (en) * | 2020-05-20 | 2020-10-13 | 吉林省百瑞生科技发展有限公司 | Pipeline leakage point positioning method and system based on acoustic emission response |
| CN112066272A (en) * | 2020-09-17 | 2020-12-11 | 昆明理工大学 | Gas pipeline leakage detection device and detection method based on infrasonic waves |
| CN112066272B (en) * | 2020-09-17 | 2022-03-01 | 昆明理工大学 | Gas pipeline leakage detection device and detection method based on infrasonic waves |
| CN112098521A (en) * | 2020-09-21 | 2020-12-18 | 广东韶钢松山股份有限公司 | Nozzle blockage point detection method, nozzle maintenance method and device |
| CN112596100A (en) * | 2020-11-26 | 2021-04-02 | 武汉华通正勤检测技术有限公司 | Pipeline position detection method based on sound wave detection |
| CN112596100B (en) * | 2020-11-26 | 2023-10-03 | 武汉华通正勤检测技术有限公司 | Pipeline position detection method based on acoustic wave detection |
| CN112797321A (en) * | 2020-12-25 | 2021-05-14 | 哈尔滨市建源市政工程规划设计有限责任公司 | Novel pipeline connectivity checking method |
| CN114486134A (en) * | 2021-12-17 | 2022-05-13 | 中国航发湖南动力机械研究所 | Vibration fatigue test radiation noise monitoring device |
| CN115434693A (en) * | 2022-10-13 | 2022-12-06 | 重庆大学 | Device and method for measuring blockage position of hydrate in shaft and removing blockage |
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