CN115434693A - Device and method for measuring blockage position of hydrate in shaft and removing blockage - Google Patents
Device and method for measuring blockage position of hydrate in shaft and removing blockage Download PDFInfo
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- CN115434693A CN115434693A CN202211254910.3A CN202211254910A CN115434693A CN 115434693 A CN115434693 A CN 115434693A CN 202211254910 A CN202211254910 A CN 202211254910A CN 115434693 A CN115434693 A CN 115434693A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 102
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 90
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 claims description 51
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000008398 formation water Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008239 natural water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- NMJORVOYSJLJGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane clathrate Chemical compound C.C.C.C.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O NMJORVOYSJLJGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/09—Locating or determining the position of objects in boreholes or wells, e.g. the position of an extending arm; Identifying the free or blocked portions of pipes
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B31/00—Fishing for or freeing objects in boreholes or wells
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B31/00—Fishing for or freeing objects in boreholes or wells
- E21B31/005—Fishing for or freeing objects in boreholes or wells using vibrating or oscillating means
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B36/00—Heating, cooling or insulating arrangements for boreholes or wells, e.g. for use in permafrost zones
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for determining and unblocking a hydrate blocking position of a shaft, wherein the device comprises a gas well shaft unit, a gas production tree unit is arranged on the gas well shaft unit, a hydrate blocking position measuring unit for determining the hydrate blocking position of the gas well shaft unit is arranged on the gas production tree unit, and a microwave transmitting unit for unblocking the gas well shaft unit is also arranged on the gas production tree unit; the gas production tree unit, the hydrate blockage position measuring unit and the microwave transmitting unit are respectively and electrically connected with the control unit. The method can realize the rapid and accurate determination of the hydrate blocking position of the shaft in the gas well exploitation process, and can perform efficient microwave blockage removal on the hydrate formed in the shaft.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of oil and gas exploration and development, in particular to a device and a method for measuring a blockage position of a wellbore hydrate and removing the blockage.
Background
The natural gas hydrate is a non-stoichiometric cage-shaped crystal substance generated by water and natural gas in a high-pressure low-temperature environment, is an unconventional energy source with high density and high heat value, and not only exists a large amount of naturally generated hydrate in marine and land permafrost deposits, but also exists in a shaft in a gas pipeline and a natural gas exploitation process.
In the production process of a gas well, due to the fact that the temperature and the high pressure of a shaft are constantly changed, hydrate generation conditions are easily met at some parts of the shaft. Once the hydrate is generated in the shaft, the hydrate is easy to deposit and adhere to the inner wall of the shaft to cause flow obstruction, so that the normal exploitation of the gas well is influenced, and serious economic loss can be caused. At present, a gas well shaft blockage removing method is usually used for removing blockage by a hydrate chemical blockage removing agent injection mode, the using amount is large, the exploitation cost of natural gas is increased, the hydrate chemical blockage removing agent can cause serious pollution to a stratum, and meanwhile, the method for measuring the shaft hydrate blockage position has the problems of low precision, unchanged operation and the like, so that the establishment of a device and a method which can quickly and accurately measure the shaft hydrate blockage position and can cleanly, efficiently and safely remove the shaft hydrate is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device and a method for measuring and removing a blockage position of a hydrate in a shaft, and the device and the method are used for solving the technical problems that the blockage position of the hydrate in the shaft cannot be measured quickly and accurately and the hydrate in the shaft cannot be removed cleanly, efficiently and safely in the prior art.
The purpose of the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme: a device for determining and unblocking a hydrate blocking position of a shaft comprises a gas well shaft unit, wherein a gas production tree unit is arranged on the gas well shaft unit, a hydrate blocking position measuring unit for determining the hydrate blocking position of the gas well shaft unit is arranged on the gas production tree unit, and a microwave transmitting unit for unblocking the gas well shaft unit is also arranged on the gas production tree unit; the gas production tree unit, the hydrate blockage position measuring unit and the microwave transmitting unit are respectively electrically connected with the control unit.
Furthermore, the gas well shaft unit comprises a stratum, an oil layer casing and an oil pipe, a natural gas seepage channel is formed between the stratum and the oil layer casing, natural gas enters the oil layer casing through the seepage channel, the oil pipe is arranged inside the oil layer casing, a divider used for blocking the natural gas from flowing upwards is further arranged between the oil pipe and the oil layer casing, the natural gas can only move upwards through the oil pipe and is extracted, and a hydrate formed in the natural gas extraction process is solidified in the oil pipe.
Further, the gas well shaft unit further comprises a cement sheath and a connecting pipe, the stratum and the oil layer casing are fixedly cemented by the cement sheath, the connecting pipe is in sealing connection with the oil pipe, and the oil pipe and the connecting pipe are further respectively connected with the gas production tree unit.
Furthermore, the gas production tree unit comprises a No. 2 cross joint, a casing head and a No. 1 cross joint, wherein the No. 2 cross joint is connected with the casing head, the casing head is connected with the gas well shaft unit, and the No. 1 cross joint is connected with the No. 2 cross joint.
Furthermore, no. 1 cross one end is provided with the tee bend, and the other end is provided with the glib talker, still be provided with the gas transmission line on the glib talker, wherein, still be provided with No. 1 pressure sensor and No. 2 pressure sensor between tee bend and No. 1 cross.
Further, the hydrate blockage position measuring unit comprises an infrasonic controller, an infrasonic generator and an infrasonic receiver, the infrasonic controller is respectively connected with the infrasonic generator and the infrasonic receiver, and the infrasonic generator and the infrasonic receiver are fixed on the gas production tree unit through fixing flanges.
Further, the microwave emission unit comprises a microwave source, a circulator and a tuner, the microwave source is connected with the tuner through the circulator, and the tuner is arranged on the gas tree collection unit through a fixing flange.
Furthermore, a directional coupler is arranged between the circulator and the distributor, and a water load is arranged on the circulator.
Further, the control unit comprises a computer and a control cabinet, the computer is connected with the control cabinet through a data line, and the control cabinet is electrically connected with the gas production tree unit, the hydrate blockage position measuring unit and the microwave transmitting unit respectively.
A method for determining and removing a hydrate blockage position of a shaft comprises the following steps:
the process of blocking the oil pipe by the hydrate:
in the natural gas exploitation process, natural gas and formation water in a formation firstly enter the bottom of an oil layer casing, enter an oil pipe under the action of pressure difference and move upwards, and then sequentially pass through a connecting pipe, a No. 1 four-way joint, an oil nozzle and a gas transmission pipeline to reach a gas production station; along with the continuous operation of natural gas exploitation, hydrates are gradually formed in the oil pipe, and the computer judges whether the oil pipe is blocked by the hydrates or not according to data collected by the No. 2 pressure sensor;
hydrate blockage position determination process:
after the hydrate blocks the oil pipe, the gas production tree unit and the hydrate blocking position measuring unit are controlled by the control unit to obtain a hydrate blocking position;
the oil pipe blockage removing process comprises the following steps:
after the hydrate blocking position measuring unit acquires the hydrate blocking position, the gas production tree unit and the microwave transmitting unit are controlled by the control unit to decompose the hydrate, and the oil pipe unblocking process is completed;
and (3) natural gas normal exploitation process:
after the blockage of the oil pipe is removed, the gas production tree unit is controlled by the control unit to continue to normally produce natural gas, and if the condition that the hydrate blocks the oil pipe occurs again in the production process, the operation can be repeated.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method can realize the rapid and accurate determination of the hydrate blocking position of the shaft in the gas well exploitation process, and can perform efficient microwave unblocking on the hydrate formed in the shaft; when the microwave blockage removing method is used for removing the blockage of the hydrate formed in the shaft in the gas well exploitation process, no chemical blockage removing agent is added, the stratum is not polluted, and the method is a clean, efficient and safe shaft hydrate blockage removing mode; the invention has the advantages of convenient and fast operation, high automation degree and the like.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments or technical solutions of the present invention, the drawings used in the embodiments or technical solutions of the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the structures shown in the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a gas production tree unit structure;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a gas well wellbore cell configuration;
in the figure, 1-computer; 2-a control cabinet; 3-a microwave source; 4-a circulator; 5-water loading; 6-a directional coupler; 7-infrasonic controller; 8-a tuner; 9-infrasonic generator; 10-an infrasonic receiver; 11-a fixed flange; valve number 12-1; 13-a tee joint; 14-1 pressure sensor; valve No. 15-2; a number 16-3 valve; number 17-2 pressure sensor; a number 18-4 valve; no. 19-1 cross; valve No. 20-5; valves No. 21-6; 22-a nozzle tip; 23-gas line; valves 24-7; four-way connection No. 25-2; a number 26-8 valve; 27-casing head; 28-cement sheath; 29-the formation; 30-hydrate; 31-reservoir casing; 32-oil pipe; 33-a separator; valve number 34-9; 35-connecting tube.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.
Some embodiments of the invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below and the features of the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict.
Example 1:
referring to fig. 1 to 3, the device for determining and removing the hydrate blocking position of the shaft comprises a gas well shaft unit, wherein a gas production tree unit is arranged on the gas well shaft unit, a hydrate blocking position measuring unit for determining the hydrate blocking position of the gas well shaft unit is arranged on the gas production tree unit, and a microwave transmitting unit for removing the blocking of the gas well shaft unit is also arranged on the gas production tree unit; the gas production tree unit, the hydrate blockage position measuring unit and the microwave transmitting unit are respectively and electrically connected with the control unit.
In this embodiment, the gas well wellbore unit includes a ground layer 29, an oil casing 31 and an oil pipe 32, a natural gas seepage passage is formed between the ground layer 29 and the oil casing 31, natural gas enters the oil casing 31 through the seepage passage, the oil pipe 32 is disposed inside the oil casing 31, a divider 33 for blocking the natural gas from flowing upwards is further disposed between the oil pipe 32 and the oil casing 31, so that the natural gas can only be moved upwards through the oil pipe 32 and extracted, and a hydrate 30 formed in the natural gas extraction process is fixed in the oil pipe 32. Further, the gas well shaft unit further comprises a cement sheath 28 and a connecting pipe 35, the stratum 29 and the reservoir casing 31 are fixedly cemented by the cement sheath 28, the connecting pipe 35 is hermetically connected with an oil pipe 32, and the oil pipe 32 and the connecting pipe 35 are further respectively connected with the gas production tree unit.
In this embodiment, the gas production tree unit includes a number 2 cross 25, a casing head 27 and a number 1 cross 19, the number 2 cross 25 is connected with the casing head 27, the casing head 27 is connected with the gas well shaft unit, and the number 1 cross 19 is connected with the number 2 cross 25. Furthermore, one end of the No. 1 four-way joint 19 is provided with a three-way joint 13, the other end is provided with a choke nozzle 22, and the choke nozzle 22 is also provided with a gas transmission line 23. Furthermore, the left end of the No. 1 four-way valve 19 is sequentially connected with the No. 3 valve 16, the No. 2 valve 15, the three-way valve 13 and the No. 1 valve 12 through a pipeline in a flange mode, the No. 2 pressure sensor 17 is installed on the pipeline between the No. 3 valve 16 and the No. 1 four-way valve 19, the No. 1 pressure sensor 14 is installed on the pipeline between the three-way valve 13 and the No. 2 valve 15, the left end of the three-way valve 13 is sealed through a blind flange, the No. 1 pressure sensor 14 and the No. 2 pressure sensor 17 are used for monitoring the pressure in a shaft unit of a gas well, and the pressure monitored by the No. 1 pressure sensor 14 and the No. 2 pressure sensor 17 is increased, so that whether the blockage of the hydrate is successfully unblocked is judged; the right end of the No. 1 four-way valve 19 is sequentially in flange connection with a No. 5 valve 20, a No. 6 valve 21, an oil nozzle 22 and a gas transmission pipeline 23 through pipelines, the oil nozzle 22 regulates and controls the gas production rate in the production of a gas well through throttling, and the gas transmission pipeline 23 is used for transmitting natural gas produced by the gas well to a gas production station; the upper end of the No. 1 four-way valve 19 is in flange connection with the No. 4 valve 18 through a pipeline; the upper end of the No. 1 four-way valve 19 is in flange connection with the No. 7 valve 24 through a pipeline, the No. 7 valve 24 is in flange connection with the No. 2 four-way valve 25, the lower end of the No. 2 four-way valve 25 is in flange connection with a casing head 27, the casing head 27 is connected with an oil layer casing 31, the left end of the No. 2 four-way valve 25 is in flange connection with the No. 9 valve 34, and the right end of the No. 2 four-way valve 25 is in flange connection with the No. 8 valve 26; the valve 12, the pressure sensor 14, the valve 15, the valve 16, the pressure sensor 17, the valve 18, the valve 20, the valve 21, the valve 24, the valve 26 and the valve 34 are connected to a control unit.
Further, the top of the oil pipe 32 is hermetically suspended at the top end of the casing head 27, the oil pipe 32 is used as a natural gas circulation channel in the mining process, the casing head 27 bears all the weight of the oil pipe 32, all the weight of the oil pipe 32 borne by the casing head 27 is transmitted to the stratum 29 through the oil layer casing 31, the oil pipe 32 is hermetically connected with the connecting pipe 35, the connecting pipe 35 is hermetically connected with the top of the No. 2 four-way valve 25, natural gas in the connecting pipe 35 cannot enter an annular space between the connecting pipe 35 and the four-way valve 25, the connecting pipe 35 is upwards communicated with the No. 7 valve 24, and natural gas in the connecting pipe 35 can enter the No. 1 four-way valve 19 through the No. 7 valve 24; the oil layer casing 31 is connected with the casing head 27, the oil layer casing 31 and the stratum 29 are fixedly cemented by the cement sheath 28, the oil layer casing 31 is used for stabilizing the stratum 29 (preventing the stratum 29 from collapsing), a seepage channel of natural gas is formed between the oil layer casing 31 and the stratum 29, the natural gas in the stratum 29 can seep into the oil layer casing 31 through a perforation (or a sieve pipe connected with the bottom) at the bottom of the oil layer casing 31, a separator 33 is hermetically arranged between the oil layer casing 31 and the annular space of the oil pipe 32, and the separator 33 is used for blocking the natural gas from flowing upwards through the annular space between the oil layer casing 31 and the oil pipe 32, so that the natural gas can only move upwards through the oil pipe 32 and be extracted; hydrates 30 formed during production of the natural gas are consolidated within tubing 32 (during production of the natural gas, due to suitable temperature and pressure conditions in tubing 32, hydrates 30 are formed from natural gas and water, and hydrates 30 cause plugging of tubing 32).
In this embodiment, the hydrate blockage location measurement unit includes an infrasonic controller 7, an infrasonic generator 9, and an infrasonic receiver 10. Further, the infrasonic wave controller 7 is respectively connected with an infrasonic wave generator 9 and an infrasonic wave receiver 10, the infrasonic wave generator 9 and the infrasonic wave receiver 10 are fixedly installed on a fixed flange 11, the fixed flange 11 is connected with a No. 1 valve 12, and the infrasonic wave enters a gas well shaft unit through a gas production tree unit; the infrasonic wave generator 9 is used for generating infrasonic waves, the generated infrasonic waves can reach hydrate blockage end faces in a gas well shaft unit through a gas production tree unit, the infrasonic wave receiver 10 is used for receiving the infrasonic waves which are sent out by the infrasonic wave generator 9 and reflected by the hydrate blockage end faces, the blockage position of the hydrate is calculated by measuring the time difference from the infrasonic waves which are sent out by the infrasonic wave generator 9 to the infrasonic wave receiver 10 which receives the reflected infrasonic waves, and the infrasonic wave controller 7 is used for controlling whether the infrasonic wave generator 9 sends out the infrasonic waves and analyzing and processing infrasonic wave signals of the infrasonic wave receiver 10 to obtain the blockage position of the hydrate; the sound wave controller 7 is connected with the control unit.
In this embodiment, the microwave emitting unit includes a microwave source 3, a circulator 4 and a tuner 8, a directional coupler 6 is further disposed between the circulator 4 and the tuner 8, and a water load 5 is further disposed on the circulator 4. Further, the circulator 4 is respectively connected with a microwave source 3, a water load 5 and a directional coupler 6 through a microwave guide pipe, the directional coupler 6 is connected with a tuner 8 through the microwave guide pipe, the tuner 8 is fixedly installed on a fixed flange 11, the fixed flange 11 is connected with a No. 1 valve 12, and microwaves enter a shaft unit of the gas well through a gas tree production unit; the power of the microwave source is adjustable within 0-100kW, and the frequency of generated microwave is 2450MHz; the microwave source 3 is a device for generating microwaves, the circulator 4 is a non-reversible transmission piece, the unidirectional transmission function of the microwaves is realized by utilizing the anisotropic principle of a magnetic field bias ferrite material, the water load 5 is used as a matching load of a high-power microwave sink, the reflected power of the microwaves can be absorbed to protect a magnetron from damage, the directional coupler 6 is a power coupling (distribution) element with directionality, the power coupling (distribution) of microwave signals can be carried out according to a certain proportion, and the tuner is essentially an impedance converter and can realize the microwave transmission by changing the impedance size and the property; the routes through which the microwaves pass are all made of metal materials, the metal materials cannot absorb the microwaves and only can reflect the microwaves, so the microwaves can only heat the hydrate 30, the microwaves cause the molecules of the hydrate 30 to generate electromagnetic oscillation, so that the molecules of the hydrate frequently collide to generate a large amount of friction heat, the hydrate 30 in the oil pipe 32 is further heated, the temperature of the hydrate 30 is gradually increased, the phase balance of the hydrate 30 is destroyed after the temperature of the hydrate 30 in the oil pipe 32 is increased (when the temperature of the hydrate 30 is higher than the phase balance temperature under a certain pressure, the hydrate 30 is gradually decomposed into natural gas and water), the hydrate 30 in the oil pipe 32 is gradually decomposed until the oil pipe 32 is successfully unplugged, and the microwave source 3 is connected with the control unit.
In this embodiment, the control unit includes a computer 1 and a control cabinet 2, the computer 1 is connected to the control cabinet 2 through a data line, and the control cabinet 2 is electrically connected to the gas production tree unit, the hydrate blockage position measurement unit, and the microwave emission unit, respectively. Further, the control cabinet 2 is respectively connected with the microwave source 3, the infrasound wave controller 7, the valve 12 No. 1, the pressure sensor 14 No. 1, the valve 15 No. 2, the valve 16 No. 3, the pressure sensor 17 No. 2, the valve 18 No. 4, the valve 20 No. 5, the valve 21 No. 6, the valve 24 No. 7, the valve 26 No. 8 and the valve 34 No. 9; the control cabinet 2 is mainly used for executing control and data acquisition instructions issued by the computer 1 to the microwave transmitting unit, the hydrate blockage position measuring unit and equipment in the gas production tree unit, and the computer 1 is mainly used for issuing control and data acquisition instructions to the microwave transmitting unit, the hydrate blockage position measuring unit and the gas production tree unit and storing and processing acquired data fed back by the control cabinet 2.
The implementation method of the invention comprises the following steps:
the process of blocking the oil pipe by the hydrate:
in the natural gas exploitation process, natural gas and formation water in a formation 29 firstly enter a bottom oil layer casing 31, the natural gas and the formation water enter an oil pipe 32 under the action of pressure difference and move upwards, then the natural gas and the formation water sequentially pass through a connecting pipe 35, a No. 7 valve 24, a No. 1 four-way valve 19, a No. 5 valve 20, a No. 6 valve 21, an oil nozzle 22 and a gas transmission line 23 to reach a gas production station, along with the continuous natural gas exploitation, hydrates 30 are gradually formed at positions in the oil pipe 32 with the temperature and the pressure meeting hydrate 30 forming conditions, the formed hydrates 30 are adhered to the inner wall of the oil pipe 32, the inner diameter of the oil pipe 32 is gradually reduced along with the continuous formation of the hydrates 30, the pressure collected by the No. 2 pressure sensor 17 is gradually reduced until the pressure is reduced to '0', the computer 1 finds that the pressure of the No. 2 pressure sensor 17 is gradually reduced to '0', and automatically judges that the hydrates form to cause the oil pipe blockage, and the hydrate oil pipe blockage process is completed.
Hydrate blockage position measurement process:
after the process of blocking the oil pipe by the hydrate is finished, the worker controls the computer 1 and the control cabinet 2 to close the valve 18 No. 4, the valve 20 No. 5, the valve 26 No. 8 and the valve 34 No. 9, opens the valve 12 No. 1, the valve 15 No. 2, the valve 16 No. 3 and the valve 24 No. 7, the worker controls the computer 1 and the control cabinet 2 to start the infrasonic wave controller 7, the infrasonic wave controller 7 controls the infrasonic wave generator 9 to emit infrasonic waves, the infrasonic waves emitted by the infrasonic wave generator 9 sequentially pass through the valve 12 No. 1, the tee joint 13, the valve 15 No. 2, the valve 16 No. 3, the valve 19 No. 1, the valve 24 No. 7, the connecting pipe 35 and the oil pipe 32 to reach the upper end face of the hydrate 30, then the infrasonic waves are reflected by the upper end face of the hydrate 30 and sequentially pass through the oil pipe 32, the connecting pipe 35, the valve 24 No. 7, the valve 19 No. 1, the valve 16 No. 2, the valve 15, the tee joint 13 and the valve 12 of the infrasonic wave receiver 10 to be received, the emitted infrasonic waves are received by the receiver 10 and converted into electrical signals, the infrasonic wave controller 7, the hydrate is analyzed and the data of the blockage position of the hydrate controller 7, the hydrate is measured by the acoustic wave controller 30, and the hydrate is measured.
The oil pipe plug removal process comprises the following steps:
after the measurement process of the plugging position of the hydrate is completed, a worker controls the computer 1 and the control cabinet 2 to set the transmitting power of the microwave source 3 required for plugging removal of the hydrate (arbitrarily set in 0-100kW according to experimental requirements), then the microwave source 3 is started, the microwaves emitted by the microwave source 3 enter the valve 12 No. 1 after being processed by the circulator 4, the directional coupler 6 and the tuner 8 in sequence, the microwaves entering the valve 12 No. 1 sequentially pass through the tee joint 13, the valve 15 No. 2, the valve 16 No. 3, the four-way valve 19 No. 1, the valve 24 No. 7, the connecting pipe 35 and the oil pipe 32 to reach the hydrate 30, the microwaves cause the molecules of the hydrate 30 to generate electromagnetic oscillation, so that a large amount of friction heat is generated due to frequent collision among the molecules of the hydrate, the hydrate is further heated up along with the hydrate 30 in the oil pipe 32, the temperature of the hydrate 30 is gradually increased, the phase balance of the hydrate 30 in the oil pipe 32 is destroyed after the temperature of the hydrate 30 in the oil pipe 32 is increased, the hydrate 30 is gradually decomposed, the pressure of the hydrate 30 in the oil pipe 32 is gradually increased, the pressure sensors 14 and 17 No. 1 and 2 is gradually increased along with the gradual decomposition of the hydrate 30 until the pressure sensors 14 and 17 of the oil pipe 12 and 17 change, the worker stops the control cabinet 12, the plugging removal of the valve 12, the valve 12 No. 3 and the plugging removal of the control cabinet 16.
And (3) natural gas normal exploitation process:
after the blockage removing process of the oil pipe 32 is completed, a worker opens the No. 5 valve 20, the No. 6 valve 21 and the No. 7 valve 24 through the computer 1 and the control cabinet 2, natural gas and formation water in the formation 29 continuously enter the bottom oil layer casing 31, the natural gas and the formation water enter the oil pipe 32 under the action of pressure difference and move upwards, then the natural gas and the formation water sequentially pass through the connecting pipe 35, the No. 7 valve 24, the No. 1 four-way valve 19, the No. 5 valve 20, the No. 6 valve 21, the oil nozzle 22 and the gas transmission pipeline 23 to reach a gas production station, and the normal natural gas production process is completed.
This can be repeated if hydrate 30 plugs tubing 32 again during normal production of natural gas.
The invention has at least the following technical effects:
the method can realize the rapid and accurate determination of the hydrate blocking position of the shaft in the gas well exploitation process, and can perform efficient microwave unblocking on the hydrate formed in the shaft; when the microwave blockage removing method is used for removing the blockage of the hydrate formed in the shaft in the gas well exploitation process, no chemical blockage removing agent is added, the stratum is not polluted, and the microwave blockage removing method is a clean, efficient and safe shaft hydrate blockage removing mode; the invention has the advantages of convenient and fast operation, high automation degree and the like.
It should be noted that, for the sake of simplicity, the foregoing embodiments are described as a series of combinations of acts, but those skilled in the art should understand that the present application is not limited by the described order of acts, as some steps may be performed in other orders or simultaneously according to the present application. Further, those skilled in the art will also appreciate that the embodiments described in the specification are presently preferred and that no particular act is required in the present application.
In the above embodiments, the basic principle and the main features of the present invention and the advantages of the present invention are described. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention, and that modifications and variations can be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The device for determining and removing the blockage of the hydrate blockage position of the shaft is characterized by comprising a gas well shaft unit, wherein the gas well shaft unit is provided with a gas production tree unit, the gas production tree unit is provided with a hydrate blockage position measuring unit for determining the hydrate blockage position of the gas well shaft unit, and the gas production tree unit is also provided with a microwave transmitting unit for removing the blockage of the gas well shaft unit; the gas production tree unit, the hydrate blockage position measuring unit and the microwave transmitting unit are respectively electrically connected with the control unit.
2. The device for determining and removing the hydrate blockage position of the shaft is characterized in that the gas well shaft unit comprises a stratum (29), a reservoir casing (31) and a oil pipe (32), a natural gas seepage channel is formed between the stratum (29) and the reservoir casing (31), natural gas enters the reservoir casing (31) through the seepage channel, the oil pipe (32) is arranged inside the reservoir casing (31), a divider (33) for blocking the upward flow of the natural gas is further arranged between the oil pipe (32) and the reservoir casing (31), the natural gas can only move upwards through the oil pipe (32) and can be extracted, and the hydrate (30) formed in the natural gas extraction process is fixed in the oil pipe (32).
3. The device for determining and removing the hydrate blockage position of the well bore according to claim 2, wherein the well bore unit of the gas well further comprises a cement sheath (28) and a connecting pipe (35), the stratum (29) and the oil production casing (31) are fixedly cemented by the cement sheath (28), the connecting pipe (35) is hermetically connected with an oil pipe (32), and the oil pipe (32) and the connecting pipe (35) are further respectively connected with the gas production tree unit.
4. The device for determining and removing the hydrate blockage position of the mineshaft according to the claim 1, characterized in that the gas production tree unit comprises a No. 2 four-way (25), a casing head (27) and a No. 1 four-way (19), wherein the No. 2 four-way (25) is connected with the casing head (27), the casing head (27) is connected with the gas well mineshaft unit, and the No. 1 four-way (19) is connected with the No. 2 four-way (25).
5. The device for detecting and removing the hydrate blockage position of the shaft according to claim 4, wherein a tee joint (13) is arranged at one end of the No. 1 cross joint (19), an oil nozzle (22) is arranged at the other end of the No. 1 cross joint, a gas pipeline (23) is further arranged on the oil nozzle (22), and a No. 1 pressure sensor (14) and a No. 2 pressure sensor (17) are further arranged between the tee joint (13) and the No. 1 cross joint (19).
6. The device for determining and removing the hydrate blockage position of the shaft according to claim 1, wherein the hydrate blockage position measuring unit comprises an infrasonic controller (7), an infrasonic generator (9) and an infrasonic receiver (10), the infrasonic controller (7) is respectively connected with the infrasonic generator (9) and the infrasonic receiver (10), and the infrasonic generator (9) and the infrasonic receiver (10) are both fixed on the gas production tree unit through a fixing flange (11).
7. The device for determining and removing the blockage position of the hydrate in the shaft is characterized in that the microwave transmitting unit comprises a microwave source (3), a circulator (4) and a distributor (8), the microwave source (3) is connected with the distributor (8) through the circulator (4), and the distributor (8) is arranged on the gas production tree unit through a fixing flange (11).
8. The device for detecting and removing the blockage position of the hydrate in the well shaft according to claim 7, wherein a directional coupler (6) is further arranged between the circulator (4) and the regulator (8), and a water load (5) is further arranged on the circulator (4).
9. The device for determining and removing the hydrate blockage position of the mineshaft according to claim 1, wherein the control unit comprises a computer (1) and a control cabinet (2), the computer (1) is connected with the control cabinet (2) through a data line, and the control cabinet (2) is respectively and electrically connected with the gas production tree unit, the hydrate blockage position measuring unit and the microwave transmitting unit.
10. A method for determining and removing a blockage position of a hydrate in a shaft, which adopts the device for determining and removing the blockage position of the hydrate in the shaft according to any one of claims 1 to 9, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the process of blocking the oil pipe by the hydrate:
in the natural gas exploitation process, natural gas and formation water in a formation (29) firstly enter the bottom of an oil layer casing (31), enter an oil pipe (32) under the action of pressure difference and move upwards, and then sequentially pass through a connecting pipe (35), a No. 1 four-way joint (19), an oil nozzle (22) and a gas transmission pipeline (23) to reach a gas production station; with the continuous operation of natural gas production, hydrate (30) is gradually formed in the oil pipe (32), and the computer (1) judges whether the hydrate (30) blocks the oil pipe (32) or not through data collected by the No. 2 pressure sensor (17);
hydrate blockage position determination process:
after the hydrate (30) blocks the oil pipe (32), the gas production tree unit and the hydrate blocking position measuring unit are controlled by the control unit to obtain the blocking position of the hydrate (30);
the oil pipe blockage removing process comprises the following steps:
after the hydrate blocking position measuring unit acquires the blocking position of the hydrate (30), the gas production tree unit and the microwave transmitting unit are controlled by the control unit to decompose the hydrate (30), and the unblocking process of the oil pipe (32) is completed;
and (3) natural gas normal exploitation process:
after the blockage of the oil pipe (32) is removed, the gas production tree unit is controlled by the control unit to continue to normally produce natural gas, and if the condition that the hydrate (30) blocks the oil pipe (32) occurs again in the production process, the operation can be repeated.
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| CN202211254910.3A CN115434693B (en) | 2022-10-13 | 2022-10-13 | Device and method for determining blocking position and removing blocking of well shaft hydrate |
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