CN109112854B - Dyeing process of polyamide fabric - Google Patents
Dyeing process of polyamide fabric Download PDFInfo
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- CN109112854B CN109112854B CN201810803402.3A CN201810803402A CN109112854B CN 109112854 B CN109112854 B CN 109112854B CN 201810803402 A CN201810803402 A CN 201810803402A CN 109112854 B CN109112854 B CN 109112854B
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
- D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
- D06P1/38—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using reactive dyes
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
- D06P3/00—Special processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the material treated
- D06P3/02—Material containing basic nitrogen
- D06P3/04—Material containing basic nitrogen containing amide groups
- D06P3/24—Polyamides; Polyurethanes
- D06P3/248—Polyamides; Polyurethanes using reactive dyes
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
- D06P5/00—Other features in dyeing or printing textiles, or dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form
- D06P5/02—After-treatment
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
- D06P5/00—Other features in dyeing or printing textiles, or dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form
- D06P5/02—After-treatment
- D06P5/04—After-treatment with organic compounds
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
- D06P5/00—Other features in dyeing or printing textiles, or dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form
- D06P5/02—After-treatment
- D06P5/10—After-treatment with compounds containing metal
Abstract
The invention provides a dyeing process of a nylon fabric. The dyeing process of the nylon fabric comprises the following steps: 1) preparing a dye solution containing a reactive dye Eriofast; 2) adding water into the water flow cylinder of the Asia rock, adjusting the pH to 4.4-4.8 by using a pH regulator, placing the chinlon fabric into the dye solution containing the step 1) prepared in the water flow cylinder of the Asia rock, adding calcium chloride, and dyeing at the temperature of 90-110 ℃; wherein the dyeing parameters are: the bath ratio is (1:11) - (1:13), the dyeing water washing is 1.1-1.3 kg, and the machine speed is 230-250 m/min. By adjusting the dyeing parameters, the invention can effectively avoid the problems of scratches and creases of the cloth surface when dyeing deep color, and has high color fastness and ideal dyeing effect after dyeing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of textile printing and dyeing, and particularly relates to a dyeing process of a nylon fabric.
Background
The nylon has excellent properties, such as small specific gravity, soft hand feeling, light texture, air permeability, moisture absorption, good dyeing property and the like, so that the nylon fabric has wide application range, and is generally dyed by acid dye. The wet processing fastness of the acid dye is greatly different with the dye, and the color fixing treatment is generally needed, but the fastness still can not meet the requirements when the acid dye is dyed in extra-deep colors such as scarlet, deep purple, black and the like.
In order to improve the fastness problem of dark dyeing, a novel reactive dye Eriofast can be used for dark dyeing. Zhang Gui et al adopt Eriofast reactive dye to dye in the research of nylon stretch fabric Eriofast reactive dye, can obtain dark hue on nylon stretch fabric fibre, and migration nature, compatibility are good, difficult design, the colour is stable, but often appears the cloth cover scratch problem in production.
CN103966869A discloses a dyeing process of chinlon, which comprises the following steps: (1) the method comprises the following steps of (1) gray fabric sizing, adding an anti-thermal yellowing auxiliary agent into a soaking solution, keeping the temperature of the soaking solution at 190 ℃ at 180-: 0.85-1.15, and the temperature of the dyeing liquid is kept at 40-50 ℃ for dyeing. The dyeing process of the chinlon adopts the dyeing treatment under the low temperature condition, increases the elasticity of the dyed chinlon, improves the dye uptake and reduces the occurrence of colored flowers. However, the above dyeing process is also prone to cause a problem of cloth surface scratches when dyeing a deep-dyed cloth.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a dyeing process of nylon fabric, which can avoid the problem of scratches on the cloth surface when the nylon fabric is dyed in deep color and has high dyeing color fastness.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a dyeing process of nylon fabric, which comprises the following steps:
1) preparing a dye solution containing a reactive dye Eriofast;
2) adding water into the water flow cylinder of the Asia rock, adjusting the pH to 4.4-4.8 by using a pH regulator, placing the chinlon fabric into the dye solution containing the step 1) prepared in the water flow cylinder of the Asia rock, adding calcium chloride, and dyeing at the temperature of 90-110 ℃; wherein the dyeing parameters are: the bath ratio is (1:11) - (1:13), the dyeing water washing is 1.1-1.3 kg, and the machine speed is 230-250 m/min.
According to the invention, when the Eriofast reactive dye is used for dyeing deep color in the water flow cylinder of the subalpine, the problem of scratching of the cloth cover during dyeing the deep color can be effectively avoided by reasonably adjusting the dyeing parameters such as bath ratio, machine condition, cloth carrying amount and the like, and the dyeing effect is good.
In the step 1), the reactive dye Eriofast comprises Eriofast yellow R, Eriofast black M and Eriofast dark blue M; the active dye Eriofast is produced by Henschel Mi company, and Eriofast yellow R, Eriofast black M and Eriofast navy M are respectively three different types of active dyes, so that the active dye has excellent compatibility, fibers can be dyed in a very similar mode in the same dyeing formula, the color and the luster are consistent, and the dyeing reproducibility and the level-dyeing property can be ensured.
Preferably, the dye liquor comprises the following components:
0.5-0.7% of Eriofast yellow R (owf), for example, the dosage of the Eriofast yellow is 0.5%, 0.6% and 0.7%;
3-5% of Eriofast black M (owf), for example, the dosage of the Eriofast black is 3%, 3.5%, 4%, 4.5%, 5%;
3-3.5% of Eriofast dark blue M (owf.), for example, the dosage of the Eriofast dark blue is 3%, 3.1%, 3.2%, 3.3%, 3.4% and 3.5%;
preferably, in the step 2), the pH regulator is a mixture of acetic acid and sodium acetate, wherein the amount of acetic acid is 1-1.5 g/L, for example, the mass volume concentration of acetic acid is 1g/L, 1.1g/L, 1.2g/L, 1.3g/L, 1.4g/L, 1.5 g/L; the dosage of the sodium acetate is 0.5-0.8 g/L, for example, the mass volume concentration of the sodium acetate is 0.5g/L, 0.6g/L, 0.7g/L and 0.8 g/L.
Preferably, the calcium chloride accounts for 3-10% of the dye liquor in the step 2), for example, the calcium chloride is used in an amount of 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%.
In the step 2), the bath ratio is (1:12) to (1: 13). If the bath ratio is less than 1:14, the cloth behind the dye vat floats to the front end of the vat to press the cloth in front due to excessive water, so that the machine is unsmooth, and scratches can occur when the ring is too long; if the bath ratio is more than 1:10, the buoyancy of the cloth body is insufficient due to less water, the machine is unsmooth, and severe scratches can also occur when the ring is too long.
In the step 2), the dyeing water is flushed by 1.1-1.2 kg.
In the step 2), the machine speed is 230-250 m/min, and too fast or too slow machine speed can cause too long circle time and larger relative slip, thus causing scratches.
In the step 2), the cloth carrying amount of a single tube of the water flow cylinder of the subas in the dyeing process is 190-200 kg.
The dyeing process also comprises a post-treatment process for fixing color by using a color fixing agent.
The color fixing agent is Eriofast Fix, and different from other color fixing agents, the Eriofast Fix does not influence the softness and the hydrophilicity of fibers, does not cause yellowing of fabrics, and can enable the fabrics to obtain good color fastness.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the Eriofast Fix to the reactive dye Eriofast is 1 (1.5-2), for example, the mass ratio of the Eriofast Fix to the reactive dye Eriofast is 1:1.5, 1:1.6, 1:1.7, 1:1.8, 1:1.9, 1: 2.
The solution used in the fixation post-treatment process comprises the following components:
1-2 g/L of sodium hydroxide, for example, the mass volume concentration of the sodium hydroxide is 1g/L, 1.1g/L, 1.2g/L, 1.3g/L, 1.4g/L, 1.5g/L, 1.6g/L, 1.7g/L, 1.8g/L, 1.9g/L and 2 g/L;
the content of the EriofastFix is 3-5%, for example, the content of the EriofastFix is 3%, 3.5%, 4%, 4.5% and 5%;
0.5-2 g/L of soda, for example, the mass volume concentration of the soda is 0.5g/L, 0.6g/L, 0.7g/L, 0.8g/L, 0.9g/L, 1g/L, 1.1g/L, 1.2g/L, 1.3g/L, 1.4g/L, 1.5g/L, 1.6g/L, 1.7g/L, 1.8g/L, 1.9g/L and 2 g/L;
acetic acid is 0.5-2 g/L, for example, the mass volume concentration of acetic acid is 0.5g/L, 0.6g/L, 0.7g/L, 0.8g/L, 0.9g/L, 1g/L, 1.1g/L, 1.2g/L, 1.3g/L, 1.4g/L, 1.5g/L, 1.6g/L, 1.7g/L, 1.8g/L, 1.9g/L, 2 g/L.
Preferably, the post-treatment process for color fixation comprises the following specific steps: adding water into a water flow cylinder of the subargine, adjusting the pH value to 10-12 by using sodium hydroxide, adding Eriofast Fix, heating to 70-90 ℃ for color fixation, and draining after soda washing and acetic acid pickling.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the dyeing process of the nylon fabric comprises the following steps:
1) preparing a dye solution containing a reactive dye Eriofast;
2) adding water into the water flow cylinder of the Asia rock, adjusting the pH to 4.4-4.8 by using a pH regulator, placing the chinlon fabric into the dye solution containing the step 1) prepared in the water flow cylinder of the Asia rock, adding calcium chloride, and dyeing at the temperature of 90-110 ℃; wherein the dyeing parameters are: the bath ratio is (1:11) - (1:13), the dyeing water is 1.1-1.3 kg, and the machine speed is 230-250 m/min; the cloth carrying amount of a single pipe of the water flow cylinder of the subargins is 170-220 kg;
3) carrying out color fixation post-treatment on the chinlon fabric dyed in the step 2) by using a color fixing agent; the color fixing agent is Eriofast Fix; the mass ratio of the Eriofast Fix to the active dye Eriofast is 1 (1.5-2).
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the dyeing process of the nylon fabric, the bath ratio is adjusted to be (1:11) - (1:13), the water flushing is 1.1-1.3 kg, the machine speed is 230-250 m/min, the cloth loading amount of the subazo single tube is 190-200 kg, the generation of cloth cover scratches can be effectively avoided during deep dyeing, and the color fastness after dyeing is high and can reach 4-5 levels.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a dyeing process of a nylon fabric of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the post-treatment process of the nylon fabric.
Detailed Description
For the convenience of understanding, the present invention is described below with reference to fig. 1 and 2, and the following examples are given. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the examples are only for the understanding of the present invention and should not be construed as the specific limitations of the present invention.
The materials and equipment used in the present invention are as follows:
materials and dyestuffs
The material is NYLON lycra fabric (74% NYLON6, 26% SPANDEX) with gram weight of 170g/m2。
Dye: the Eriofast series dyes yellow R, black M, navy M (Hensmei Corp.).
Auxiliary agent: acetic acid, sodium acetate, calcium chloride, soda, Eriofast Fix-01 and sodium hydroxide.
Production equipment
A water flow cylinder of Asia rock, a Mengfishi open setting machine, a pH meter and the like.
The black dye disclosed by the invention comprises the following formula:
as shown in fig. 1, the dyeing process of the invention comprises the following specific steps:
1) preparing dye liquor according to the black dye formula;
2) adding water into a water flow cylinder of the Asia rock, adjusting the pH to 4.4-4.8 by using a pH regulator, heating to 50 ℃ to promote the dissolution of the pH regulator, placing the nylon fabric into the dye solution prepared in the water flow cylinder of the Asia rock containing the step 1), adding calcium chloride within 20min, and heating to 90-110 ℃ at the speed of 1.5 ℃/min for dyeing; wherein the dyeing parameters are: the bath ratio is (1:11) - (1:13), the dyeing water is 1.1-1.3 kg, and the machine speed is 230-250 m/min; and (5) draining water after cooling.
As shown in fig. 2, the post-treatment process of the present invention specifically comprises: adding water into a water flow cylinder of Asia rock, adding sodium hydroxide to adjust the pH value to 10-12, heating to 40 ℃ at the speed of 1.5 ℃/min to promote the dissolution of the sodium hydroxide, adding Eriofast Fix-01, heating to 85 ℃ to perform color fixation, discharging water after cooling, placing the color-fixed polyamide fabric into the water flow cylinder of Asia rock, heating to 60 ℃, washing with soda water to perform cooling and drainage, neutralizing with acetic acid and then discharging water, and taking the color-fixed polyamide fabric out of the cylinder to obtain the dyed polyamide fabric product.
Examples 1 to 3
The nylon fabric was dyed according to the dyeing process of fig. 1, and the effect on dyeing was discussed by adjusting the different bath ratios. Among them, three bath ratios (1:11, 1:12, and 1:13, respectively) were designed and tested as examples 1, 2, and 3 under the same other conditions.
Comparative examples 1 to 2
The bath ratios 1:10 and 1:14 were set as comparative examples 1 and 2, respectively, and the conditions were the same as in examples 1 to 3, and the dyeing parameters and the results of the examination are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from the data in Table 1, the production was smooth and no scratches were found on the surface of the cloth in the case of examples 1, 2 and 3 having bath ratios of 1:11, 1:12 and 1: 13.
The cloth surface was scratched to different degrees when the bath ratio of comparative example 1 was 1:10 and the bath ratio of comparative example 2 was 1: 14.
Comparative example 1 bath ratio at 1:10, the buoyancy of the cloth body is insufficient due to less water, the machine is not smooth, the loop time is too long, and the cloth cover scratches are serious.
Comparative example 2 when the bath ratio is 1:14, the cloth behind the dye vat floats to the front end of the vat to press the cloth in front, so that the machine is not smooth, and the cloth surface can be scratched when the bath is too long.
Examples 4 to 6
Selecting a bath ratio of 1:12, and setting the dyeing water flushing as follows: the tests of 1.1kg, 1.2kg and 1.3kg were described as examples 4, 5 and 6, respectively, and the results of the effect of water jet on scratches are shown in Table 2.
Comparative examples 3 to 4
Selecting a bath ratio of 1:12, and setting the dyeing water flushing as follows: tests of 1.0kg and 1.4kgg were carried out as example 3 and comparative example 4, respectively, and the results of the effect of water jet on the scratches are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2
As can be seen from the data in Table 2, the fabrics of the fabrics dyed in examples 4, 5 and 6 have no scratch when the water is flushed at 1.1kg, 1.2kg and 1.3kg, and the water is flushed at 1.2kg optimally in consideration of energy consumption in practical production.
When the water of comparative example 3 is 1.0kg and the water of comparative example 4 is 1.4kg, the cloth surface of the dyed fabric has scratches.
Examples 7 to 9
As examples 7, 8 and 9, tests were carried out while changing the machine speed (230m/min, 240m/min and 250m/min) at a bath ratio of 1:12, a water jet of 1.2kg and a single-tube load of 200kg in a water flow cylinder of subas, and the results of the effect of the machine speed on scratches were recorded as shown in Table 3.
Comparative examples 5 to 6
The results of the comparative examples 5 and 6 were obtained by changing the machine speed to 220m/min and 260m/min at a bath ratio of 1:12, a water jet of 1.2kg and a single-tube load of 200kg in the water flow cylinder of subas, and the influence of the machine speed on the scratches are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3
As can be seen from the data in Table 3, the machine speeds of 230m/min, 240m/min and 250m/min of the examples 7, 8 and 9 have no scratches on the cloth surface, the slip is small and is between 15 and 19, so the machine speed of 240m/min is preferred.
The comparative examples 5 and 6 had scratches at the machine speeds of 220m/min and 260 m/min.
The reason why the scratch is generated at the machine speed of 260m/min of comparative example 6 may be related to the machine speed being too high, while the reason why the scratch is generated at the machine speed of 220m/min of comparative example 5 is that the machine speed is too low, the loop length is too long, especially the cloth is stretched at high temperature, the loop length is longer, and the relative slip becomes large.
Examples 10 to 11
Each cylinder has its designed cloth-carrying parameter, but in the actual production it must determine proper cloth-carrying quantity according to the specification of the dyed fabric, structure of fabric and dye combination, etc. to avoid quality problem in production, and 170g/m is selected2The nylon elastic fabric was subjected to a fabric loading test for a subazo monotube model, and the results of the effect of the fabric loading on the scratches are shown in table 4, with the fabric loading of 190kg and 200kg as examples 10 and 11.
Comparative examples 7 to 8
170g/m is selected2The nylon elastic fabric is subjected to a cloth loading test on a subalpine single-tube type, the cloth loading is 210kg, 220kg are used as comparative examples 7 and 8, and the influence result of the cloth loading on the scratch is shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4
As can be seen from the data in Table IV, the cloth surfaces of examples 10 and 11 were not scratched when the cloth carrying amount was 190kg or 200 kg. The comparative examples 7 and 8 had both 210kg and 220kg fabric surface scratches, and the machine was not smooth. In consideration of maximizing the utilization of production equipment and improving the productivity, the single tube load distribution of the subazo is optimally controlled to 190kg-200kg in the actual production.
Performance of large goods production
Improved conditions for tracking: the bath ratio is 1:12, the water is flushed by 1.2kg, the machine speed is 240m/min, the single tube cloth loading amount of the subazo is 190kg-200kg, the product is produced by large-volume production, the product is dyed into large red, deep purple, deep red and black 31-cylinder large-volume products, and no scratch is left on the cloth surface.
Colour fastness test
The color fastness to staining of the nylon fabric dyed in the dyeing process examples 1 to 11 of the present invention was tested, and the test results are shown in table 5.
TABLE 5
Color change grade (grade) | Staining of wool | Acrylon staining | Staining polyester | Staining of nylon | Staining of cotton | Staining of |
1~5 | 4~5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
As can be seen from the data in Table 5, the dyeing fastness of the polyamide fabric dyed by the dyeing process is higher for different materials, the wool dyeing fastness is 4-5 grade, and the acrylic fiber dyeing, the polyester fiber dyeing, the polyamide fiber dyeing, the cotton dyeing and the acetate fiber dyeing can reach 5 grade.
In conclusion, when the Eriofast reactive dye is used for dyeing dark colors, the bath ratio is (1:11) - (1:13), 1.1-1.3 kg of water is flushed, the machine speed is 230-250 m/min, and when the cloth carrying amount of a subazo single tube is 190-200 kg, large goods are produced, so that the generation of cloth cover scratches can be effectively avoided. When the multi-tube subalpine is used for dyeing the nylon fabric into dark color by using the Eriofast reactive dye, the fabric loading amount is increased by corresponding times on the basis of the fabric loading amount of the single tube subalpine, and other parameters are not changed.
The present invention is illustrated by the above-mentioned examples, but the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned detailed process equipment and process flow, i.e. it is not meant to imply that the present invention must rely on the above-mentioned detailed process equipment and process flow to be practiced. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that any modification of the present invention, equivalent substitutions of the raw materials of the product of the present invention, addition of auxiliary components, selection of specific modes, etc., are within the scope and disclosure of the present invention.
Claims (12)
1. A dyeing process of a nylon fabric is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) preparing a dye solution containing a reactive dye Eriofast, wherein the reactive dye Eriofast comprises Eriofast yellow R, Eriofast black M and Eriofast navy M;
2) adding water into the water flow cylinder of the Asia rock, adjusting the pH to 4.4-4.8 by using a pH regulator, placing the chinlon fabric into the dye solution containing the step 1) prepared in the water flow cylinder of the Asia rock, adding calcium chloride, and dyeing at the temperature of 90-110 ℃; wherein the dyeing parameters are: the bath ratio is (1:11) - (1:13), the dyeing water flushing is 1.1-1.3 kg, the machine speed is 230-250 m/min, and the cloth loading amount of a single tube of the water flow cylinder of the subishi in the dyeing process is 190-200 kg; and (5) draining water after cooling.
2. The dyeing process according to claim 1, characterized in that in step 1), the dye liquor comprises the following components:
0.5 to 0.7 percent of Eriofast yellow R owf
Eriofast black M owf 3-5%
And 3-3.5% of Eriofast dark blue M owf.
3. The dyeing process according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2), the pH regulator is a mixture of acetic acid and sodium acetate, wherein the amount of acetic acid is 1-1.5 g/L, and the amount of sodium acetate is 0.5-0.8 g/L.
4. The dyeing process according to claim 1, characterized in that the calcium chloride in step 2) accounts for 3-10% by weight of the dye liquor.
5. Dyeing process according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that in step 2) the bath ratio is (1:12) to (1: 13).
6. The dyeing process according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2), the dyeing water is 1.1-1.2 kg.
7. The dyeing process according to claim 1, wherein in step 2), the machine speed is 235-245 m/min.
8. Dyeing process according to claim 1, characterized in that it also comprises a post-treatment process of fixation with a fixing agent.
9. Dyeing process according to claim 8, characterized in that the fixing agent is Eriofast Fix.
10. The dyeing process according to claim 9, wherein the mass ratio of the Eriofast Fix to the reactive dye Eriofast is 1 (1.5-2).
12. dyeing process according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the post-treatment process of fixation is as follows: adding water into a water flow cylinder of the subargine, adjusting the pH value to 10-12 by using sodium hydroxide, adding Eriofast Fix, heating to 70-90 ℃ for color fixation, and draining after soda washing and acetic acid pickling.
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CN112391859B (en) * | 2020-11-12 | 2023-04-28 | 互太(番禺)纺织印染有限公司 | Eriofast reactive dye-dyed nylon fabric and post-treatment process thereof |
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EP1067235A1 (en) * | 1999-07-09 | 2001-01-10 | Morton International, Inc. | Stripping dyes |
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